2021北京市普通高中学业水平合格性考试仿真模拟卷04
英语
一、听力理解(共25小题，25分。每小题1分)
略
二、完形填空(共15小题，15分。每小题1分)
阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
For
a
long
time
Gabriel
didn’t
want
to
be
involved
in
music
at
all.
In
his
first
years
of
high
school,
Gabriel
would
look
pityingly
at
music
students,
___1___
across
the
campus
with
their
heavy
instrument
cases,
turning
up
at
school
for
practice
hours
___2___
anyone
else
had
to
be
there.
He
swore
to
himself
to
___3___
music,
as
he
hated
getting
to
school
extra
early.
___4___,
one
day,
in
the
music
class
that
was
part
of
his
school’s
standard
curriculum,
he
was
playing
idly(随意地)on
the
piano
and
found
it
___5___
to
pick
out
tunes.
With
a
sinking
feeling,
he
realized
that
he
actually
___6___
doing
it.
He
tried
to
hide
his
obvious
pleasure
from
the
music
teacher,
who
had
___7___
over
to
listen.
He
might
not
have
done
this
particularly
well,
___8___
the
teacher
told
Gabriel
that
he
had
a
good
___9___
and
suggested
that
Gabriel
go
into
the
music
store-room
to
see
if
any
of
the
instruments
there
appealed
to
him.
There
he
decided
to
give
the
cello(大提琴)a
___10___.
When
he
began
practicing,
he
took
it
very
___11___.
But
he
quickly
found
that
he
loved
playing
this
instrument,
and
was
___12___
to
practicing
it
so
that
within
a
couple
of
months
he
was
playing
reasonably
well.
This
___13___,
of
course,
that
he
arrived
at
school
early
in
the
morning,
___14___
his
heavy
instrument
case
across
the
campus
to
the
pitying
looks
of
the
non-musicians
he
had
left
___15___.
1.
A.
travelling
B.
marching
C.
pacing
D.
struggling
2.
A.
before
B.
after
C.
until
D.
since
3.
A.
betray
B.
accept
C.
avoid
D.
appreciate
4.
A.
Therefore
B.
However
C.
Thus
D.
Moreover
5.
A.
complicate
B.
safe
C.
confusing
D.
easy
6.
A.
missed
B.
disliked
C.
enjoyed
D.
denied
7.
A.
run
B.
jogged
C.
jumped
D.
wandered
8.
A.
because
B.
but
C.
though
D.
so
9.
A.
ear
B.
taste
C.
heart
D.
voice
10.
A.
change
B.
chance
C.
mission
D.
function
11.
A.
seriously
B.
proudly
C.
casually
D.
naturally
12.
A.
committed
B.
used
C.
limited
D.
admitted
13.
A.
proved
B.
showed
C.
stressed
D.
meant
14.
A.
pushing
B.
dragging
C.
lifting
D.
rushing
15.
A.
over
B.
aside
C.
behind
D.
out
【答案】1.
D
2.
A
3.
C
4.
B
5.
D
6.
C
7.
D
8.
A
9.
A
10.
B
11.
C
12.
A
13.
D
14.
B
15.
C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gabriel看到学音乐的学生拿着重重的音乐器材穿过校园，早上早练好几个小时，便不想学习音乐。然而，一天他不经意地弹奏，发现他喜欢弹奏。因此他开始经历了那些学音乐的学生的历程。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他上高中的头几年，Gabriel会怜悯地看着那些拿着沉重的乐器箱在校园里艰难行走的学生，他们要赶在其他人之前出现在学校练习几个小时。A.
travelling旅行；B.
marching前进；C.
pacing踱步；D.
struggling挣扎，艰难地行进。根据“with
their
heavy
instrument
cases”可知，每天上学的时候，Gabriel总是同情地看着背着沉重的乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校园中，struggle“艰难地行进”符合语境。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：在他上高中的头几年，Gabriel会怜悯地看着那些拿着沉重的乐器箱在校园里艰难行走的学生，他们要赶在其他人之前出现在学校练习几个小时。A.
before在……之前；B.
after在……之后；C.
until直到；D.
since自从。联系下文作者说“自己讨厌很早去学校”可知，学习音乐的学生要在其他学生到校之前(before)到校。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对自己发誓要避免音乐，因为他讨厌早到学校。A.
betray背叛；B.
accept接受；C.
avoid避免；D.
appreciate欣赏。根据“as
he
hated
getting
to
school
extra
early”可知，Gabriel讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓要避免音乐，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在他学校标准课程的音乐课上，他随意地弹着钢琴，发现很容易就能分辨出曲调。A.
Therefore因此；B.
However然而；C.
Thus因此；D.
Moreover而且。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在他学校标准课程的音乐课上，他随意地弹着钢琴，发现很容易就能分辨出曲调。A.
complicated复杂的；B.
safe安全的；C.
confusing迷惑的；D.
easy容易的。联系上文“he
was
playing
idly(随意地)on
the
piano他随意地弹了弹钢琴”和下文“pick
out
tunes分辨出曲调”，再联系下文Gabriel在音乐中找到了乐趣，并试图隐藏这份愉悦，由此可知，本空的意思是“发现很容易(easy)辨别出曲调”与上文的“However”相呼应，故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着一种消沉的感觉，他意识到他实际上很喜爱做这件事。A.
missed错过；B.
disliked不喜欢；C.
enjoyed喜爱，欣赏；D.
denied拒绝。根据后文“He
tried
to
hide
his
obvious
pleasure”可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴。enjoy喜爱，符合语境。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图在走过来听音乐的音乐老师面前隐藏他明显的喜悦。A.
run跑；B.
jogged慢跑；C.
jumped跳；D.
wandered漫步。根据前后文“the
music
teacher,
who
had
___7___
over
to
listen”可知，课堂上，老师走过来听他弹琴，故选D。
【8题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉Gabriel他的乐感很好，并建议Gabriel到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A.
because因为；B.
but但是；C.
though虽然；D.
so所以。此处为原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他可能做得不是很好，因为老师告诉Gabriel他的乐感很好，并建议Gabriel到音乐商店去看看那里有没有吸引他的乐器。A.
ear耳朵；B.
taste味道；C.
heart心；D.
voice声音。根据上文可知，他随意弹奏就能成曲子，说明他有乐感。have
a
good
ear“有天赋，有乐感”。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他决定试一试大提琴。A.
change改变；B.
chance机会；C.
mission任务；D.
function功能。结合上文“There
he
decided
to
give
the
cello
a”可知为短语give
sth.
a
chance“尝试一下”。故选B。
【11题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：开始练习时，他很随意地对待（漫不经心地练习）。A.
seriously认真地；B.
proudly骄傲地；C.
casually随意地；D.
naturally自然地。根据后面一句中的“But
he
quickly
found
that
he
loved
playing
this
instrument”可推断，开始练习时，他很随意地对待（漫不经心），故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但很快他就发现自己爱上了这种乐器，并且努力练习。A.
committed承诺、致力；B.
used使用；C.
limited限制；D.
admitted承认。根据本句中的“so
that
within
a
couple
of
months
he
was
playing
reasonably
well”可知，他努力练习，因此几个月内，他就演奏得相当好，be
committed
to“致力于……”。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这当然就意味着他一大早就要赶到学校，迎着那些被他早已抛在脑后的非音乐生的同情目光，拖着沉重的乐器穿过校园。A.
proved证明；B.
showed展示；C.
stressed强调；D.
meant意味着。结合后文“that
he
arrived
at
school
early
in
the
morning”可知，Gabriel爱上了大提琴意味着他早上要早到学校，拖着沉重的乐器穿过校园，故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这当然就意味着他一大早就要赶到学校，迎着那些被他早已抛在脑后的非音乐生的同情目光，拖着沉重的乐器穿过校园。A.
pushing推动；B.
dragging拖；C.
lifting举起；D.
rushing冲。结合下文“his
heavy
instrument
case他的装有乐器的沉重的箱子”可知drag“吃力地拖、拉”，符合语境。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这当然就意味着他一大早就要赶到学校，迎着那些被他早已抛在脑后的非音乐生的同情目光，拖着沉重的乐器穿过校园。A.
leave
over剩下；B.
leave
aside搁置；C.
leave
behind留下、抛在脑后；D.
leave
out遗漏。根据语境可知，Gabriel现在专心于学习音乐，已经完全把那些同情的目光抛之脑后了，旨在突出他学习大提琴的决心，故选C。
三、阅读理解(共20小题，40分，每小题2分)
第一节
阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
POETRY
CHALLENGE
Write
a
poem
about
how
courage,
determination,
and
strength
have
helped
you
face
challenges
in
your
life.
Prizes
3
Grand
Prizes:Trip
to
Washington,
D.
C.
for
each
of
three
winners,
a
parent
and
one
other
person
of
the
winner’s
choice.
Trip
includes
round-trip
air
tickets,
hotel
stay
for
two
nights,
and
tours
of
the
National
Air
and
Space
Museum
and
the
office
of
National
Geographic
World.
6
First
Prizes:The
book
Sky
Pioneer:A
Photobiography
of
Amelia
Earhart
signed
by
author
Corinne
Szabo
and
pilot
Linda
Finch.
50
Honorable
Mentions:Judges
will
choose
up
to
50
honorable
mention
winners,
who
will
each
receive
a
T-shirt
in
memory
of
Earhart’s
final
flight.
Rules
Follow
all
rules
carefully
to
prevent
disqualification.
■Write
a
poem
using
100
words
or
fewer.
Your
poem
can
be
any
format,
any
number
of
lines.
■Write
by
hand
or
type
on
a
single
sheet
of
paper.
You
may
use
both
the
front
and
back
of
the
paper.
■On
the
same
sheet
of
paper,
write
or
type
your
name,
address,
telephone
number,
and
birth
date.
■Mail
your
entry
to
us
by
October
31
this
year.
16.
How
many
people
can
each
grand
prize
winner
take
on
the
free
trip?
A.
Two.
B.
Three.
C.
Four.
D.
Six.
17.
What
will
each
of
the
honorable
mention
winners
get?
A.
A
plane
ticket.
B.
A
book
by
Corinne
Szabo.
C.
A
special
T-shirt.
D.
A
photo
of
Amelia
Earhart.
18.
Which
of
the
following
will
result
in
disqualification?
A.
Typing
your
poem
out.
B.
Writing
a
poem
of
120
words.
C.
Using
both
sides
of
the
paper.
D.
Mailing
your
entry
on
October
30.
19.
When
is
the
proper
time
for
you
to
mail
your
entry?
A.
before
October
31
this
year
B.
after
October
31
this
year
C.
before
October
31
next
year
D.
after
October
31
next
year
【答案】16.
A
17.
C
18.
B
19.
A
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip
to
Washington,
D.C.
for
each
of
three
winners,
a
parent
and
one
other
person
of
the
winner's
choice”
三位获奖者，一位家长和另一位获奖者选择的人的华盛顿特区之旅。可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50
Honorable
Mentions:
Judges
will
choose
up
to
50
honorable
mention
winners,
who
will
each
receive
a
T-shirt
in
memory
of
Earhart's
final
flight”
50名荣誉奖:评委将选出50名荣誉奖得主，每人将获得纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的t恤一件。可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C项。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow
all
rules
carefully
to
prevent
disqualification.
Write
a
poem
using
100
words
or
fewer”
小心遵守所有规则，以免被取消资格。写一首不超过100个单词的诗。可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B项。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Mail
your
entry
to
us
by
October
31
this
year.”
请于今年10月31日前将参赛作品邮寄给我们。可知，邮寄的截至日期是今年10月31日。故选A项。
B
If
there
was
a
subject
at
school
that
made
me
anxious,
it
was
science.
Maybe
that’s
because
in
my
tenth
grade,
I
couldn't
understand
my
physics
teacher's
instructions,
causing
me
to
accidentally
set
fire
to
the
classroom.
So,
when
my
husband
and
I
decided
to
home-school
our
daughters,
we
made
a
deal:
he
would
teach
science,
while
I
would
handle
everything
else.
But
that’s
not
how
things
have
been
going
these
past
few
weeks,
since
my
husband
has
been
too
busy
to
teach
the
girls.
Recently,
while
out
on
my
morning
hike
before
starting
lessons,
I
noticed
that
the
sky
was
a
beautiful
blue,
and
the
air
was
filled
with
the
sweet
smell
of
flowers.
That
s
why
I
decided
that
the
day’s
lessons
would
be
taught
outside,
although
I
remembered
that
my
daughters
hadn't
had
any
science
classes
from
my
husband
for
a
while.
I
returned
to
the
house
to
get
the
girls
ready.
We
headed
up
into
the
forest,
settling
ourselves
by
a
pond
that
rarely
has
any
visitors.
My
daughter
Saoirse
started
to
pick
up
pond
weeds
and
catch
frogs,
while
my
other
daughter
Ula
looked
at
me,
waiting
to
be
instructed.
I
handed
her
a
drawing
board
and
colored
pencils.
"We
wait,
"I
told
her,
"
and
see
if
something
comes
along.
In
the
meantime,
just
draw
what's
around
you.”
We
worked
for
more
than
an
hour,
hardly
speaking.
A
bird
flew
across
the
water,
and
then
settled
in
a
front
of
a
fallen
tree.
I
quickly
told
Ula,
worried
that
she’d
not
seen
the
creature.
But
she
had,
and
she
started
drawing
it.
An
hour
later,
she’d
not
finished
her
picture
and
I
stared
down
at
it.
She
drew
the
bird
on
her
paper
with
amazing
accuracy.
But
there
was
one
other
interesting
fact
about
this
drawing:
she
also
drew
me,
sitting
beside
her.
I
realized,
as
I
stared
at
this
child's
drawing
of
us
watching
a
bird,
how
I'd
lived
for
40
years,
gathered
10
years
of
higher
education,
and
never
understood
the
foundation
of
science
before
this
moment.
The
foundation
of
science
is
a
sense
of
wonder;
it
isn't
about
accurately
reciting
words
from
a
textbook.
It
is
first
and
foremost
about
stepping
outside
our
busy
lives
and
amazing
at
the
world
around
us.
20.
How
did
the
author
feel
about
science
when
in
school?
A.
She
was
nervous
about
it.
B.
She
was
fond
of
it.
C.
She
was
confused
about
it.
D.
She
was
eager
for
it.
21.
The
underlined
word“it”
in
Paragraph4
refers
to“
”
A.
the
fallen
tree
B.
the
forest
C.
the
bird
D.
the
picture
22.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Ula?
A.
She's
very
outgoing.
B.
She's
good
at
observing.
C.
She's
very
hard-working.
D.
She
shares
interests
with
her
sister.
23.
What
is
the
foundation
of
science
in
the
author's
opinion?
A.
Attention
to
accuracy.
B.
Curiosity
about
the
outside
world.
C.
Determination
to
find
out
the
truth.
D.
Ability
to
understand
teachers'
instructions.
【答案】20.
A
21.
C
22.
B
23.
B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文，作者从自身学习科学的经历出发，谈到自己在女儿的画作中逐步改变态度，进而认识到学习科学的真正含义。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话，If
there
was
a
subject
at
school
that
made
me
anxious
,
it
was
science.
可知
anxious
和
nervous
是同义词替换，科学总是让作者感到焦虑，紧张，因此答案选
A。故选择A。
【21题详解】
代词指代题。根据题干定位于文章第四段。But
she
started
drawing
it.
第四段第一句中，A
bird
flew
across
the
water,
and
then
settled
in
front
of
a
fallen
tree.一只鸟从水面上飞过…所以答案选择
C。故选择C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段的后半部分，An
hour
later,
she
finished
her
pictures
and
I
stared
down
at
it.
She
drew
the
bird
on
her
paper
with
amazing
accuracy.
But
there
was
one
other
interesting
fact
about
this
drawing;
she
also
drew
me
,
sitting
beside
her.在作者女儿的画作中很容易看出来，非常擅长观察。选项A：她是外向的；选项B：擅长观察的；选项C：努力学习的；选项D：和女儿分享兴趣，因此答案选择
B。故选择B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“foundation”一词定位于文章的最后一段。The
foundation
of
science
is
a
sense
of
wonder;
It
is
first
and
foremost
about
stepping
outside
our
busy
lives
and
amazing
at
the
world
around
us.学习科学的目的在于使我们对整个世界充满好奇。因此答案选择
B。故选择B。
【点睛】推理判断题做题时，要依据文章的细节做出符合文章含义的正确判断。如第3小题，先要定位文章关于Ula的描述段落，进而理解文章。同时，理解选项中的词汇，选取和文章意思一致的选项。
C
“The
fact
that
the
smoke
reached
S?o
Paulo
and
blackened
an
afternoon
proves
how
unusual
the
fires
that
burn
in
the
countryside
of
Brazil
are,”
Ricardo
Mello,
head
of
the
World
Wide
Fund
for
Nature's
(WWF)
Amazon
program,
said.
The
latest
figures
come
at
a
time
of
international
protest
against
the
inaction
of
President
Jair
Bolsonaro's
administration.
In
July,
Brazil's
National
Institute
for
Space
Research
(INPE)
showed
data
to
the
public,
which
indicated
that
there
had
been
a
significant
rise
in
deforestation
(毁林)
rates.
Particularly,
the
figures
showed
that
in
July
2019,
deforestation
had
increased
nearly
300
percent
in
comparison
to
the
same
month
in
2018.
Environmentalists
are
becoming
increasingly
concerned,
accusing
the
government
of
encouraging
deforestation
and
those
who
want
to
make
use
of
the
forest
for
commercial
gain.
During
his
time
in
power,
Bolsonaro
has
moved
to
rob
some
power
of
government
agencies
that
are
responsible
for
protecting
the
rainforest
as
well
as
regulations
covering
native
lands
and
nature
reserves.
Bolsonaro
sees
these
kinds
of
regulations
as
a
drag
on
economic
growth
in
the
Amazon
region.
Fire
in
the
Amazon
is
used
as
a
technique
to
clear
land
for
agriculture.
“Farmers
clear
cut
land
to
make
way
for
agriculture,
and
then
wait
for
the
dry
season
to
set
fire
to
clear
the
land
so
they
can
plant，”
Mello
said.
“It's
likely
that
all
of
these
forest
fires
are
deliberately
set
by
humans.”
Now
it
is
the
dry
season
in
the
Amazon,
which
means
conditions
in
many
parts
of
the
rainforest
are
suitable
for
the
fires
to
spread
over
large
areas.
“It
is
very
unlikely
that
those
fires
break
out
naturally，”
Mello
said.
“It
is
important
to
remember
that
2019
is
not
a
strong
El
Ni?o
year.
When
we
have
strong
El
Ni?os,
weather
gets
drier
in
the
northern
part
of
Brazil
and
this
favors
fires.
This
is
not
the
case
of
2019.”
24.
Why
are
deforestation
figures
of
2018
and
2019
compared?
A.
To
share
knowledge
of
the
Amazon
forest.
B.
To
show
how
the
Brazil
president
governs.
C.
To
stress
the
seriousness
of
deforestation.
D.
To
express
the
anger
of
environmentalists.
25.
What
does
President
Bolsonaro
do
for
deforestation?
A.
Weakening
relevant
government
agencies.
B.
Encouraging
the
fight
for
commercial
gain.
C.
Using
techniques
to
clear
land
for
agriculture.
D.
Defending
regulations
about
nature
reserves.
26.
What
are
the
weather
conditions
of
the
Amazon
when
the
fires
break
out?
A.
They're
fit
for
fires
to
break
out
naturally.
B.
The
Amazon
experiences
the
dry
season.
C.
They're
possible
for
fires
to
spread
everywhere.
D.
The
Amazon
is
just
in
a
strong
El
Ni?o
year.
27.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Jair
Bolsonaro's
Administration
Was
Accused
B.
Farmers
Cleared
Amazon
Land
for
Agriculture
C.
Unusual
Rainforest
Fires:
Effects
on
Health
and
Weather
D.
Amazon
Fires:
Possibly
Linked
to
Environmental
Policies
【答案】24.
C
25.
A
26.
B
27.
D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了巴西热带雨林火灾的原因。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“In
July,
Brazil's
National
Institute
for
Space
Research
(INPE)
showed
data
to
the
public,
which
indicated
that
there
had
been
a
significant
rise
in
deforestation
(毁林)
rates.
Particularly,
the
figures
showed
that
in
July
2019,
deforestation
had
increased
nearly
300
percent
in
comparison
to
the
same
month
in
2018.（7月，巴西国家空间研究所(INPE)向公众展示了数据，数据表明森林砍伐率显著上升。特别是，数据显示，2019年7月，森林砍伐量比2018年同期增加了近300%。）”可以推断，对比数据的目的是强调森林被破坏的严重性。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“During
his
time
in
power,
Bolsonaro
has
moved
to
rob
some
power
of
government
agencies
that
are
responsible
for
protecting
the
rainforest
as
well
as
regulations
covering
native
lands
and
nature
reserves.（在博尔索纳罗执政期间，他已经采取行动，剥夺了负责保护雨林以及保护原生土地和自然保护区的政府机构的一些权力。）”可知，博尔索纳罗削弱有关政府机构。故选A项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now
it
is
the
dry
season
in
the
Amazon,
which
means
conditions
in
many
parts
of
the
rainforest
are
suitable
for
the
fires
to
spread
over
large
areas.（现在是亚马逊的旱季，这意味着雨林中许多地方的条件适合大火大面积蔓延。）”可知，火灾发生时亚马逊是旱季。故选B项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。文章从第二段开始，主要在讲巴西亚马孙热带雨林火灾的原因，矛头直指巴西总统及政府推动的毁林政策，可知，亚马孙地区发生火灾可能与环境政策有关。D项“亚马逊火灾：可能与环境政策有关”可以作为本文标题。故选D项。
D
Hybrid
cars
are
cars
that
run
on
both
petrol
and
electricity.They
have
a
small
standard
petrol
engine
and
a
battery
and
electric
motor
to
provide
electric
power.
There
are
some
differences
between
different
models
of
hybrid
cars,but
the
general
principle
is
that
the
car
runs
on
petrol,and
the
electric
motor
kicks
in
when
additional
power
is
required,for
example
when
going
uphill
or
accelerating.In
some
hybrid
cars
the
petrol
engine
turns
itself
off
when
not
needed,for
example
when
the
car
has
stopped
at
traffic
lights,keeping
only
the
electric
engine
running.
Conventional
cars
have
large
engines
to
cope
with
driving
uphill
and
accelerating.Most
of
the
time,this
high
engine
capacity
is
not
needed,but
the
engine
continues
burning
up
fuel.Hybrid
cars
have
much
smaller
petrol
engines,boosted
by
electric
motors
when
needed,so
they
use
less
petrol.
Hybrid
cars
are
also
lighter
and
aerodynamically(空气动力学的）
designed
for
greater
fuel
efficiency.
Another
way
that
fuel
consumption
is
cut
is
by
a
system
of"regenerative
braking(刹车）＂。The
electric
motor
is
used
to
slow
down
the
car,rather
than
conventional
brakes.The
energy
produced
by
the
slowing
car
is
transformed
into
electrical
power,which
is
automatically
stored
in
the
battery.In
effect,the
battery
recharges
when
you
brake.In
conventional
cars
the
energy
produced
when
braking
is
wasted.
Car
manufacturers
and
engineers
have
been
experimenting
with
electric
and
hybrid
cars
since
the
late
19th
century.In
1928
Ferdinand
Porsche
built
an
experimental
hybrid
car
that
used
both
an
internal
burning
engine
and
electric
motors.The
first
mass-produced
hybrid
car,the
Toyota
Prius,came
out
in
Japan
at
the
end
of
1997.However,Hybrid
cars
became
available
in
the
USA
only
in
1999,when
the
Honda
Insight
went
on
sale.
As
they
use
less
fuel,hybrid
cars
are
cheaper
to
run.There
are
also
many
initiatives
in
place
to
encourage
people
to
buy
them.In
some
countries,hybrid
car
owners
pay
a
lower
rate
of
tax,and
don't
have
to
pay
on
certain
toll
roads(收费公路）。In
some
cities
around
the
world,hybrid
cars
are
allowed
to
park
for
free.
28.
What
can
we
learn
from
paragraph
2?
A.
Hybrid
cars
don't
need
petrol
any
more.
B.
Petrol
engine
and
electric
motor
work
all
the
way.
C.
Hybrid
cars
mainly
depend
on
electric
power
to
run.,
D.
Some
hybrid
car
petrol
engines
will
quit
when
unnecessary.
29.
Which
is
NOT
the
reason
why
hybrid
cars
consume
less
energy?
A.
Smaller
petrol
engines.
B.
Scientific
design.
C.
Conventional
brakes.
D.
Energy
storage.
30.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Hybrid
cars
are
cheaper
to
buy.
B.
Hybrid
car
owners
don't
have
to
pay
tax.
C.
Hybrid
car
owners
don't
need
to
pay
parking
fee.
D.
Hybrid
cars
will
have
a
bright
future.;
31.
What's
the
author's
purpose
of
writing
the
passage?
A.
To
advertise
hybrid
cars.
B.
To
introduce
hybrid
cars.
C.
To
compare
conventional
cars
and
hybrid
cars.
D.
To
inform
the
development
of
hybrid
cars.
【答案】28.
D
29.
C
30.
D
31.
B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了混合动力车的概念，优势，发展历史，以及各地一些关于混合动力车的政策。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In
some
hybrid
cars
the
petrol
engine
turns
itself
off
when
not
needed,”（在一些混合动力中，汽油发动机在不需要的时候会自己关闭。）可知，一些混合动力车汽油发动机在不必要的时候会停止运行。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Another
way
that
fuel
consumption
is
cut
is
by
a
system
of
“regenerative
braking(刹车)
”。The
electric
motor
is
used
to
slow
down
the
car,
rather
than
conventional
brakes.”（另一种减少燃料消耗的方式是通过“再生制动”系统。这个电动机是用来使车减速，而不是传统的刹车。）可知，传统的刹车不是混合动力车消耗较少的原因。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容：混合动力车使用起来花费更便宜因为它们使用更少的燃料。很多地方发出了鼓励人们购买混合动力车的倡议。在某些国家，混合动力车缴纳更少的税，并且在一些收费公路上不必支付费用。在世界各地的一些城市中，混合动力车允许免费停车。可知混合动力车有一个光明的未来。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。本篇文章主要介绍了混合动力车的概念，优势，发展历史，以及各地一些关于混合动力车的政策，可推测作者写这篇文章的目的是为了向我们介绍混合动力车。故选B。
第二节
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答，答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
How
much
do
you
hate
waiting
for
another
beer
in
a
crowded
bar?
It
annoyed
Josh
Goodman
enough
to
invent
a
pretty
obvious
solution—self-service
beer
taps.
Goodman,36,recalled
the
exact
moment
in
late
2008
when
his
frustration
boiled
over.
“I
was
hanging
out
with
my
friends
at
a
Baltimore
sports
bar
before
a
game,”
he
said.
“We
just
couldn’t
get
another
beer
served
to
us
quickly.”
Almost
immediately,
he
got
to
work
on
a
self-service
beer
concept.
Within
a
few
months,
Goodman
had
launched
PourMyBeer
in
Chicago.
He
invested
$20,000
and
partnered
with
a
U.S.
manufacturer
to
make
beer
tables
with
two
to
four
self-service
taps,
which
were
designed
by
himself.
In
February
2009,Goodman
landed
his
first
client(客户):A
bar
in
Baltimore,
America.
He
spent
the
next
two
years
growing
the
business
and
adding
more
bars
and
restaurants.
In
2011,he
carried
out
an
idea
of
self-service
“beer
walls”,
which
let
people
pour
their
own
beer
from
taps
on
a
wall.
PourMyBeer
has
swelled
to
over
200
restaurants
and
bars
in
28
states.
The
concept
will
roll
out
in
Chicago’s
O’Hare
International
Airport
this
week
and
in
Italy
and
Brazil
later
this
year.
The
tables
start
at
$4,000
and
the
beer
walls
cost
as
much
as
$16,000.They
generated
more
than
$400,000
in
sales
in
2013
and
doubled
that
in
2014.Goodman
expects
to
take
in
close
to
$2
million
in
revenue(收益)
this
year—which
would
make
it
the
company’s
first
profitable
year.
“Our
business
customers
tell
us
that
they’ve
cut
down
on
waste
and
they’re
selling
twice
as
much
beer
on
average,”
said
Goodman.
32.
What
made
Goodman
come
up
with
the
idea?(no
more
than
15
words)
____________________________________________________________
33.
How
soon
did
Goodman
turn
his
idea
into
reality?(no
more
than
6
words)
____________________________________________________________
34.
What
did
Goodman
design
for
customers
in
the
bars?(no
more
than
15
words)
____________________________________________________________
35.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“swelled”
most
probably
mean?(1
word)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】32.
He
and
his
friends
were
not
served
another
beer
quickly
in
a
bar.
33.
Within
a
few
months.
34.
Beer
tables
with
two
to
four
self-service
taps
and
self-service
“beer
walls”.
35.
Increased./Expanded./Extended./Enlarged.
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Goodman和朋友在酒吧久等之后没有马上再来一杯啤酒服务这件事让他开始研究自助啤酒的概念，并将这个想法付诸实践取得成功的故事。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段““We
just
couldn’t
get
another
beer
served
to
us
quickly.”
Almost
immediately,
he
got
to
work
on
a
self-service
beer
concept.”（“我们只是没办法马上再来一杯啤酒。”很快，他就开始研究自助啤酒的概念。）可知，在一家酒吧里，没人马上给他和他的朋友们再来一杯啤酒这件事让Goodman想出了这个主意。故答案是He
and
his
friends
were
not
served
another
beer
quickly
in
a
bar.。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Within
a
few
months,
Goodman
had
launched
PourMyBeer
in
Chicago.”（几个月后，Goodman就在芝加哥创办了PourMyBeer。）可知，几个月后，Goodman把他的想法变成了现实。故答案是Within
a
few
months.。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He
invested
$20,000
and
partnered
with
a
U.S.
manufacturer
to
make
beer
tables
with
two
to
four
self-service
taps,
which
were
designed
by
himself.”（他投资了2万美元，与一家美国制造商合作，制作了带有2到4个自助水龙头的啤酒桌，这些水龙头都是他自己设计的。）和文章第四段“In
2011,he
carried
out
an
idea
of
self-service
“beer
walls”,
which
let
people
pour
their
own
beer
from
taps
on
a
wall.”（2011年，他提出了自助“啤酒墙”的想法，让人们从墙上的水龙头里自己倒啤酒。）可知，Goodman为顾客设计了有两到四个自助龙头和自助“啤酒墙”的啤酒桌。故答案是Beer
tables
with
two
to
four
self-service
taps
and
self-service
“beer
walls”.。
【35题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“He
spent
the
next
two
years
growing
the
business
and
adding
more
bars
and
restaurants.”（在接下来的两年里，他不断扩大业务，增加酒吧和餐馆。）可推知，划线词所在的句子“PourMyBeer
has
swelled
to
over
200
restaurants
and
bars
in
28
states.”意为：PourMyBeer已经在美国28个州的200多家餐馆和酒吧销售。swell意为“增加”。故答案是Increased./Expanded./Extended./Enlarged.。
四、书面表达(共1小题，20分)
36.
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括:
1.住宿条件；
2.活动安排；
3.其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意:1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
William，
I
am
delighted
to
know
that
you
are
coming
to
China，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
【答案】Dear
William，
I
am
delighted
to
know
that
you
are
coming
to
China，and
especially
excited
that
you
will
stay
in
my
house.
Now，I’d
like
to
tell
you
some
relevant
information
about
your
stay
here.
The
bedroom
in
which
you
will
live
is
bright
and
pleasant.
A
variety
of
books
as
well
as
a
computer
are
available.
Of
course
you
have
easy
access
to
the
network.
What’s
more,
I
intend
to
show
you
around
my
city
where
you
can
visit
some
places
of
interest.
By
the
way,
we
are
having
a
cold
winter
here.
So,
be
sure
to
bring
your
winter
clothes.
I
am
sure
you
will
have
a
wonderful
experience
here.
Looking
forward
to
your
coming.
Yours，
Li
Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给寒假期间要在你家住三天的澳大利亚朋友William写一封邮件，告诉他旅行的安排和一些相关事项。。
详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：
1.住宿条件；
2.活动安排；
3.其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)
第二步列提纲（重点词组）：
be
delighted
to
do…;would
like
to
do…;a
variety
of;
as
well
as;
have
access
to…;
what’s
more;
intend
to
do
sth.;
show
sb.
around;
some
places
of
interest;
by
the
way；look
forward
to…
第三步：连词成句
1.I
am
delighted
to
know
that
you
are
coming
to
China，and
especially
excited
that
you
will
stay
in
my
house.
2.Now，I’d
like
to
tell
you
some
relevant
information
about
your
stay
here.
3.The
bedroom
in
which
you
will
live
is
bright
and
pleasant.
4.A
variety
of
books
as
well
as
a
computer
are
available.
5.Of
course
you
have
easy
access
to
the
network.
6.What’s
more,
I
intend
to
show
you
around
my
city
where
you
can
visit
some
places
of
interest.
7.By
the
way,
we
are
having
a
cold
winter
here.
8.So,
be
sure
to
bring
your
winter
clothes.
9.I
am
sure
you
will
have
a
wonderful
experience
here.
10.Looking
forward
to
your
coming.
要根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First
of
all,
Firstly/First,
Secondly/Second…
And
then,
Finally,
In
the
end,
At
last（供参考）
2表并列补充关系：What
is
more
3.表转折对比关系：However,
On
the
contrary,
but,
Although+clause(从句)（供参考）
4.表因果关系：So
【点睛】[高分句型1]The
bedroom
in
which
you
will
live
is
bright
and
pleasant.
由which
引导的定语从句
[高分句型2]I
intend
to
show
you
around
my
city
where
you
can
visit
some
places
of
interest.由where引导的定语从句2021北京市普通高中学业水平合格性考试仿真模拟卷04
英语
一、听力理解(共25小题，25分。每小题1分)
略
二、完形填空(共15小题，15分。每小题1分)
阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
For
a
long
time
Gabriel
didn’t
want
to
be
involved
in
music
at
all.
In
his
first
years
of
high
school,
Gabriel
would
look
pityingly
at
music
students,
___1___
across
the
campus
with
their
heavy
instrument
cases,
turning
up
at
school
for
practice
hours
___2___
anyone
else
had
to
be
there.
He
swore
to
himself
to
___3___
music,
as
he
hated
getting
to
school
extra
early.
___4___,
one
day,
in
the
music
class
that
was
part
of
his
school’s
standard
curriculum,
he
was
playing
idly(随意地)on
the
piano
and
found
it
___5___
to
pick
out
tunes.
With
a
sinking
feeling,
he
realized
that
he
actually
___6___
doing
it.
He
tried
to
hide
his
obvious
pleasure
from
the
music
teacher,
who
had
___7___
over
to
listen.
He
might
not
have
done
this
particularly
well,
___8___
the
teacher
told
Gabriel
that
he
had
a
good
___9___
and
suggested
that
Gabriel
go
into
the
music
store-room
to
see
if
any
of
the
instruments
there
appealed
to
him.
There
he
decided
to
give
the
cello(大提琴)a
___10___.
When
he
began
practicing,
he
took
it
very
___11___.
But
he
quickly
found
that
he
loved
playing
this
instrument,
and
was
___12___
to
practicing
it
so
that
within
a
couple
of
months
he
was
playing
reasonably
well.
This
___13___,
of
course,
that
he
arrived
at
school
early
in
the
morning,
___14___
his
heavy
instrument
case
across
the
campus
to
the
pitying
looks
of
the
non-musicians
he
had
left
___15___.
1.
A.
travelling
B.
marching
C.
pacing
D.
struggling
2.
A.
before
B.
after
C.
until
D.
since
3.
A.
betray
B.
accept
C.
avoid
D.
appreciate
4.
A.
Therefore
B.
However
C.
Thus
D.
Moreover
5.
A.
complicate
B.
safe
C.
confusing
D.
easy
6.
A.
missed
B.
disliked
C.
enjoyed
D.
denied
7.
A.
run
B.
jogged
C.
jumped
D.
wandered
8.
A.
because
B.
but
C.
though
D.
so
9.
A.
ear
B.
taste
C.
heart
D.
voice
10.
A.
change
B.
chance
C.
mission
D.
function
11.
A.
seriously
B.
proudly
C.
casually
D.
naturally
12.
A.
committed
B.
used
C.
limited
D.
admitted
13.
A.
proved
B.
showed
C.
stressed
D.
meant
14.
A.
pushing
B.
dragging
C.
lifting
D.
rushing
15.
A.
over
B.
aside
C.
behind
D.
out
三、阅读理解(共20小题，40分，每小题2分)
第一节
阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
POETRY
CHALLENGE
Write
a
poem
about
how
courage,
determination,
and
strength
have
helped
you
face
challenges
in
your
life.
Prizes
3
Grand
Prizes:Trip
to
Washington,
D.
C.
for
each
of
three
winners,
a
parent
and
one
other
person
of
the
winner’s
choice.
Trip
includes
round-trip
air
tickets,
hotel
stay
for
two
nights,
and
tours
of
the
National
Air
and
Space
Museum
and
the
office
of
National
Geographic
World.
6
First
Prizes:The
book
Sky
Pioneer:A
Photobiography
of
Amelia
Earhart
signed
by
author
Corinne
Szabo
and
pilot
Linda
Finch.
50
Honorable
Mentions:Judges
will
choose
up
to
50
honorable
mention
winners,
who
will
each
receive
a
T-shirt
in
memory
of
Earhart’s
final
flight.
Rules
Follow
all
rules
carefully
to
prevent
disqualification.
■Write
a
poem
using
100
words
or
fewer.
Your
poem
can
be
any
format,
any
number
of
lines.
■Write
by
hand
or
type
on
a
single
sheet
of
paper.
You
may
use
both
the
front
and
back
of
the
paper.
■On
the
same
sheet
of
paper,
write
or
type
your
name,
address,
telephone
number,
and
birth
date.
■Mail
your
entry
to
us
by
October
31
this
year.
16.
How
many
people
can
each
grand
prize
winner
take
on
the
free
trip?
A.
Two.
B.
Three.
C.
Four.
D.
Six.
17.
What
will
each
of
the
honorable
mention
winners
get?
A.
A
plane
ticket.
B.
A
book
by
Corinne
Szabo.
C.
A
special
T-shirt.
D.
A
photo
of
Amelia
Earhart.
18.
Which
of
the
following
will
result
in
disqualification?
A.
Typing
your
poem
out.
B.
Writing
a
poem
of
120
words.
C.
Using
both
sides
of
the
paper.
D.
Mailing
your
entry
on
October
30.
19.
When
is
the
proper
time
for
you
to
mail
your
entry?
A.
before
October
31
this
year
B.
after
October
31
this
year
C.
before
October
31
next
year
D.
after
October
31
next
year
B
If
there
was
a
subject
at
school
that
made
me
anxious,
it
was
science.
Maybe
that’s
because
in
my
tenth
grade,
I
couldn't
understand
my
physics
teacher's
instructions,
causing
me
to
accidentally
set
fire
to
the
classroom.
So,
when
my
husband
and
I
decided
to
home-school
our
daughters,
we
made
a
deal:
he
would
teach
science,
while
I
would
handle
everything
else.
But
that’s
not
how
things
have
been
going
these
past
few
weeks,
since
my
husband
has
been
too
busy
to
teach
the
girls.
Recently,
while
out
on
my
morning
hike
before
starting
lessons,
I
noticed
that
the
sky
was
a
beautiful
blue,
and
the
air
was
filled
with
the
sweet
smell
of
flowers.
That
s
why
I
decided
that
the
day’s
lessons
would
be
taught
outside,
although
I
remembered
that
my
daughters
hadn't
had
any
science
classes
from
my
husband
for
a
while.
I
returned
to
the
house
to
get
the
girls
ready.
We
headed
up
into
the
forest,
settling
ourselves
by
a
pond
that
rarely
has
any
visitors.
My
daughter
Saoirse
started
to
pick
up
pond
weeds
and
catch
frogs,
while
my
other
daughter
Ula
looked
at
me,
waiting
to
be
instructed.
I
handed
her
a
drawing
board
and
colored
pencils.
"We
wait,
"I
told
her,
"
and
see
if
something
comes
along.
In
the
meantime,
just
draw
what's
around
you.”
We
worked
for
more
than
an
hour,
hardly
speaking.
A
bird
flew
across
the
water,
and
then
settled
in
a
front
of
a
fallen
tree.
I
quickly
told
Ula,
worried
that
she’d
not
seen
the
creature.
But
she
had,
and
she
started
drawing
it.
An
hour
later,
she’d
not
finished
her
picture
and
I
stared
down
at
it.
She
drew
the
bird
on
her
paper
with
amazing
accuracy.
But
there
was
one
other
interesting
fact
about
this
drawing:
she
also
drew
me,
sitting
beside
her.
I
realized,
as
I
stared
at
this
child's
drawing
of
us
watching
a
bird,
how
I'd
lived
for
40
years,
gathered
10
years
of
higher
education,
and
never
understood
the
foundation
of
science
before
this
moment.
The
foundation
of
science
is
a
sense
of
wonder;
it
isn't
about
accurately
reciting
words
from
a
textbook.
It
is
first
and
foremost
about
stepping
outside
our
busy
lives
and
amazing
at
the
world
around
us.
20.
How
did
the
author
feel
about
science
when
in
school?
A
She
was
nervous
about
it.
B.
She
was
fond
of
it.
C.
She
was
confused
about
it.
D.
She
was
eager
for
it.
21.
The
underlined
word“it”
in
Paragraph4
refers
to“
”
A.
the
fallen
tree
B.
the
forest
C.
the
bird
D.
the
picture
22.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Ula?
A.
She's
very
outgoing.
B.
She's
good
at
observing.
C.
She's
very
hard-working.
D.
She
shares
interests
with
her
sister.
23.
What
is
the
foundation
of
science
in
the
author's
opinion?
A.
Attention
to
accuracy.
B.
Curiosity
about
the
outside
world.
C.
Determination
to
find
out
the
truth.
D.
Ability
to
understand
teachers'
instructions.
C
“The
fact
that
the
smoke
reached
S?o
Paulo
and
blackened
an
afternoon
proves
how
unusual
the
fires
that
burn
in
the
countryside
of
Brazil
are,”
Ricardo
Mello,
head
of
the
World
Wide
Fund
for
Nature's
(WWF)
Amazon
program,
said.
The
latest
figures
come
at
a
time
of
international
protest
against
the
inaction
of
President
Jair
Bolsonaro's
administration.
In
July,
Brazil's
National
Institute
for
Space
Research
(INPE)
showed
data
to
the
public,
which
indicated
that
there
had
been
a
significant
rise
in
deforestation
(毁林)
rates.
Particularly,
the
figures
showed
that
in
July
2019,
deforestation
had
increased
nearly
300
percent
in
comparison
to
the
same
month
in
2018.
Environmentalists
are
becoming
increasingly
concerned,
accusing
the
government
of
encouraging
deforestation
and
those
who
want
to
make
use
of
the
forest
for
commercial
gain.
During
his
time
in
power,
Bolsonaro
has
moved
to
rob
some
power
of
government
agencies
that
are
responsible
for
protecting
the
rainforest
as
well
as
regulations
covering
native
lands
and
nature
reserves.
Bolsonaro
sees
these
kinds
of
regulations
as
a
drag
on
economic
growth
in
the
Amazon
region.
Fire
in
the
Amazon
is
used
as
a
technique
to
clear
land
for
agriculture.
“Farmers
clear
cut
land
to
make
way
for
agriculture,
and
then
wait
for
the
dry
season
to
set
fire
to
clear
the
land
so
they
can
plant，”
Mello
said.
“It's
likely
that
all
of
these
forest
fires
are
deliberately
set
by
humans.”
Now
it
is
the
dry
season
in
the
Amazon,
which
means
conditions
in
many
parts
of
the
rainforest
are
suitable
for
the
fires
to
spread
over
large
areas.
“It
is
very
unlikely
that
those
fires
break
out
naturally，”
Mello
said.
“It
is
important
to
remember
that
2019
is
not
a
strong
El
Ni?o
year.
When
we
have
strong
El
Ni?os,
weather
gets
drier
in
the
northern
part
of
Brazil
and
this
favors
fires.
This
is
not
the
case
of
2019.”
24.
Why
are
deforestation
figures
of
2018
and
2019
compared?
A.
To
share
knowledge
of
the
Amazon
forest.
B.
To
show
how
the
Brazil
president
governs.
C.
To
stress
the
seriousness
of
deforestation.
D.
To
express
the
anger
of
environmentalists.
25.
What
does
President
Bolsonaro
do
for
deforestation?
A.
Weakening
relevant
government
agencies.
B.
Encouraging
the
fight
for
commercial
gain.
C
Using
techniques
to
clear
land
for
agriculture.
D.
Defending
regulations
about
nature
reserves.
26.
What
are
the
weather
conditions
of
the
Amazon
when
the
fires
break
out?
A.
They're
fit
for
fires
to
break
out
naturally.
B.
The
Amazon
experiences
the
dry
season.
C.
They're
possible
for
fires
to
spread
everywhere.
D.
The
Amazon
is
just
in
a
strong
El
Ni?o
year.
27.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A
Jair
Bolsonaro's
Administration
Was
Accused
B.
Farmers
Cleared
Amazon
Land
for
Agriculture
C.
Unusual
Rainforest
Fires:
Effects
on
Health
and
Weather
D.
Amazon
Fires:
Possibly
Linked
to
Environmental
Policies
D
Hybrid
cars
are
cars
that
run
on
both
petrol
and
electricity.They
have
a
small
standard
petrol
engine
and
a
battery
and
electric
motor
to
provide
electric
power.
There
are
some
differences
between
different
models
of
hybrid
cars,but
the
general
principle
is
that
the
car
runs
on
petrol,and
the
electric
motor
kicks
in
when
additional
power
is
required,for
example
when
going
uphill
or
accelerating.In
some
hybrid
cars
the
petrol
engine
turns
itself
off
when
not
needed,for
example
when
the
car
has
stopped
at
traffic
lights,keeping
only
the
electric
engine
running.
Conventional
cars
have
large
engines
to
cope
with
driving
uphill
and
accelerating.Most
of
the
time,this
high
engine
capacity
is
not
needed,but
the
engine
continues
burning
up
fuel.Hybrid
cars
have
much
smaller
petrol
engines,boosted
by
electric
motors
when
needed,so
they
use
less
petrol.
Hybrid
cars
are
also
lighter
and
aerodynamically(空气动力学的）
designed
for
greater
fuel
efficiency.
Another
way
that
fuel
consumption
is
cut
is
by
a
system
of"regenerative
braking(刹车）＂。The
electric
motor
is
used
to
slow
down
the
car,rather
than
conventional
brakes.The
energy
produced
by
the
slowing
car
is
transformed
into
electrical
power,which
is
automatically
stored
in
the
battery.In
effect,the
battery
recharges
when
you
brake.In
conventional
cars
the
energy
produced
when
braking
is
wasted.
Car
manufacturers
and
engineers
have
been
experimenting
with
electric
and
hybrid
cars
since
the
late
19th
century.In
1928
Ferdinand
Porsche
built
an
experimental
hybrid
car
that
used
both
an
internal
burning
engine
and
electric
motors.The
first
mass-produced
hybrid
car,the
Toyota
Prius,came
out
in
Japan
at
the
end
of
1997.However,Hybrid
cars
became
available
in
the
USA
only
in
1999,when
the
Honda
Insight
went
on
sale.
As
they
use
less
fuel,hybrid
cars
are
cheaper
to
run.There
are
also
many
initiatives
in
place
to
encourage
people
to
buy
them.In
some
countries,hybrid
car
owners
pay
a
lower
rate
of
tax,and
don't
have
to
pay
on
certain
toll
roads(收费公路）。In
some
cities
around
the
world,hybrid
cars
are
allowed
to
park
for
free.
28.
What
can
we
learn
from
paragraph
2?
A.
Hybrid
cars
don't
need
petrol
any
more.
B.
Petrol
engine
and
electric
motor
work
all
the
way.
C.
Hybrid
cars
mainly
depend
on
electric
power
to
run.,
D.
Some
hybrid
car
petrol
engines
will
quit
when
unnecessary.
29.
Which
is
NOT
the
reason
why
hybrid
cars
consume
less
energy?
A
Smaller
petrol
engines.
B.
Scientific
design.
C.
Conventional
brakes.
D.
Energy
storage.
30.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Hybrid
cars
are
cheaper
to
buy.
B.
Hybrid
car
owners
don't
have
to
pay
tax.
C.
Hybrid
car
owners
don't
need
to
pay
parking
fee.
D.
Hybrid
cars
will
have
a
bright
future.;
31.
What's
the
author's
purpose
of
writing
the
passage?
A
To
advertise
hybrid
cars.
B.
To
introduce
hybrid
cars.
C.
To
compare
conventional
cars
and
hybrid
cars.
D.
To
inform
the
development
of
hybrid
cars.
第二节
阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答，答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
How
much
do
you
hate
waiting
for
another
beer
in
a
crowded
bar?
It
annoyed
Josh
Goodman
enough
to
invent
a
pretty
obvious
solution—self-service
beer
taps.
Goodman,36,recalled
the
exact
moment
in
late
2008
when
his
frustration
boiled
over.
“I
was
hanging
out
with
my
friends
at
a
Baltimore
sports
bar
before
a
game,”
he
said.
“We
just
couldn’t
get
another
beer
served
to
us
quickly.”
Almost
immediately,
he
got
to
work
on
a
self-service
beer
concept.
Within
a
few
months,
Goodman
had
launched
PourMyBeer
in
Chicago.
He
invested
$20,000
and
partnered
with
a
U.S.
manufacturer
to
make
beer
tables
with
two
to
four
self-service
taps,
which
were
designed
by
himself.
In
February
2009,Goodman
landed
his
first
client(客户):A
bar
in
Baltimore,
America.
He
spent
the
next
two
years
growing
the
business
and
adding
more
bars
and
restaurants.
In
2011,he
carried
out
an
idea
of
self-service
“beer
walls”,
which
let
people
pour
their
own
beer
from
taps
on
a
wall.
PourMyBeer
has
swelled
to
over
200
restaurants
and
bars
in
28
states.
The
concept
will
roll
out
in
Chicago’s
O’Hare
International
Airport
this
week
and
in
Italy
and
Brazil
later
this
year.
The
tables
start
at
$4,000
and
the
beer
walls
cost
as
much
as
$16,000.They
generated
more
than
$400,000
in
sales
in
2013
and
doubled
that
in
2014.Goodman
expects
to
take
in
close
to
$2
million
in
revenue(收益)
this
year—which
would
make
it
the
company’s
first
profitable
year.
“Our
business
customers
tell
us
that
they’ve
cut
down
on
waste
and
they’re
selling
twice
as
much
beer
on
average,”
said
Goodman.
32.
What
made
Goodman
come
up
with
the
idea?(no
more
than
15
words)
____________________________________________________________
33.
How
soon
did
Goodman
turn
his
idea
into
reality?(no
more
than
6
words)
____________________________________________________________
34.
What
did
Goodman
design
for
customers
in
the
bars?(no
more
than
15
words)
____________________________________________________________
35.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“swelled”
most
probably
mean?(1
word)
____________________________________________________________
四、书面表达(共1小题，20分)
36.
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括:
1.住宿条件；
2.活动安排；
3.其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。
注意:1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear
William，
I
am
delighted
to
know
that
you
are
coming
to
China，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li
Hua
