Unit
5 First
aid
急救的重要性
The
importance
of
first
aid
It
is
important
to
know
how
to
give
first
aid,
particularly
in
life－threatening
(威胁生命的)
situations.
Examples
of
these
are
choking,
excessive
(过多的)
bleeding,
drowning,
poisoning
and
the
stopping
of
one's
breath
or
heartbeat.
First
aid
is
what
a
person
can
do
to
a
wounded
or
sick
person,
or
on
any
immediate
situation
that
involves
(涉及)
life?threatening
matters,
before
the
doctor
arrives.
The
aims
of
first
aid
are：to
keep
the
person
alive.
This
counts
for
life－threatening
and
immediate
situations;
to
stabilize
(稳定)
the
condition
of
the
person,
and
lastly,
to
relieve
(减轻)
any
pain,
discomfort
and
most
importantly,
anxiety.
Ideally
(理想地),
a
first
aider
is
someone
who
has
attended
classes
on
emergency
care
and
has
undergone
first
aid
training.
But
not
all
of
us
have
the
opportunity
to
receive
such
training
because
of
our
individual
(个人的)
work
and
activities.
Almost
all
of
us
will
have
to
administer
(实施)
emergency
assistance
at
some
point.
And
if
so,
we
would
have
to
use
a
first
aid
kit
(急救箱).
This
is
why
it
is
always
advised
that
every
home
should
have
a
first
aid
supply,
because
an
emergency
knocks
on
the
most
unexpected
time.
心脏病、中毒、溺水等，都有一个最佳抢救时间，或是10分钟、5分钟，或更短。然而，很多情况下当急救人员赶到时，“黄金抢救时间”已擦肩而过。许多时候人们只能眼睁睁地看着无辜的生命痛苦挣扎，悄然逝去……
常温下，人体心脏骤停5分钟后就会缺氧，大脑缺氧超过3至5分钟脑细胞就会迅速死亡。但就算在许多交通发达的国家，也难以绝对做到5分钟内把患者送到医院。只有在原地进行急救，才有希望使患者起死回生。因此，掌握必备的急救知识和技能，就能够为自己和他人建立起一条生命的绿色通道。
Section
Ⅰ Warming
Up
&
Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．temporary
(adj.)暂时的；临时的
2．choke
(vi.
&
vt.)(使)噎住；(使)窒息
3．organ
(n.)器官
4．barrier
(n.)屏障；障碍(物)
5．complex
(adj.)复杂的
6．liquid
(n.)液体
7．scissors
(n.?pl.?)剪刀
8．squeeze
(vt.
&
vi.)榨；挤；压榨
9．vital
(adj.)至关重要的；生死攸关的
10．symptom
(n.)症状；征兆
11．pour
(vt.
&
vi.)倒；灌；注；涌
12．damp
(adj.)潮湿的
13．bleed
(vi.
&
vt.)流血→blood
(n.)血；血液
14．injury
(n.)损伤；伤害→injure
(vt.)使受伤；弄伤→injured
(adj.)受伤的
15．poison
(n.)毒药；毒害
(vt.)毒害；使中毒→poisonous
(adj.)有毒的
16．mild
(adj.)轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly
(adv.)轻微地；温和地
17．swell
(vi.
&
vt.)(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen
(adj.)肿胀的
18．unbearable
(adj.)难以忍受的；不能容忍的→bearable
(adj.)可忍受的；能应付的→bear
(v.)忍受
19．variety
(n.)变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary
(vi.)变化；变动→various
(adj.)各种各样的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．first_aid
(对伤患者的)急救
2．fall_ill
生病
3．get_injured
受伤
4．a_variety_of
各种各样的
5．electric
shock
触电；电休克
6．squeeze
out
榨出；挤出
7．over
and
over
again
反复；多次
8．in
place
在适当的位置；适当
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．...it_is_where_you_feel_cold,_heat_or_pain
and
it
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch.
……它是你感到冷热或疼痛的地方，它还使你有触觉。
2．So
as_you_can_imagine,_if
your
skin
gets
burned
it
can
be
very
serious.
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。
3．Remove
clothing
using
scissors
if_necessary
unless
it
is
stuck
to
the
burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉，必要时可使用剪刀。
1.联想记单词：同义反义记单词
①temporary
adj.
暂时的；临时的→permanent
adj.
永久的→contemporary
adj.
当代的；现在的
②vital
adj.
至关重要的；生死攸关的→important/be
of
great
importance
③aid
n.
&
vt.
帮助；援助；资助→help
n.
&
vt.帮助→assist
vt.
帮助；协助→support
n.
&
vt.
支持；帮助→give/lend
sb.a
hand帮助
2．转化
①poison
n.
毒药；毒害→vt.
毒害；使中毒
②treat
vt.
&
vi.
治疗；对待；款待→n.
款待；招待
3．合成
①nose(鼻子)＋bleed(出血)→nosebleed
n.
鼻出血；流鼻血
②cup(杯子)＋board(平板)→cupboard
n.
橱柜；衣柜
课文预读
FIRST
AID①
FOR
BURNS
The
skin②
is
an
essential③
part
of
your
body
and
its
largest
organ④.
You
have
three
layers⑤
of
skin
which
act
as⑥
a
barrier⑦
against
disease,
poisons⑧
and
the
sun's
harmful
rays⑨.
The
functions⑩
of
your
skin
are
also
very
complex?：it
keeps
you
warm
or
cool?；
it
prevents
your
body
from
losing?
too
much
water;
it
is
where
you
feel
cold,
heat
or
pain?
and
it
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch?.
So
as
you
can
imagine,
if
your
skin
gets
burned
it
can
be
very
serious.
First
aid
is
a
very
important
first
step
in
the
treatment?
of
burns.
Causes
of
burns
You
can
get
burned
by
a
variety?
of
things:
hot
liquids?，steam,
fire,
radiation?
(by
being
close
to
high
heat
or
fire,
etc),
the
sun,
electricity
or
chemicals.
①first
aid
[eId]
(对伤患者的)急救
②skin
[skIn]
n.
皮；皮肤
③essential
[I'sen?l]
adj.
最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
④organ
['??ɡ?n]
n.
器官
⑤layer
['leI?]
n.
层；层次
⑥act
as充当；担任
⑦barrier
['b?rI?]
n.
屏障；障碍(物)
⑧poison
['p?Izn]
n.
毒药；毒害
vt.
毒害；使中毒
⑨ray
[reI]
n.
光线；射线
⑩function
n.
功能；功效
?complex
['k?mpleks]
adj.
复杂的
?keeps
you
warm
or
cool为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
?prevent...(from)
doing...阻止……做……
?where
you
feel
cold,
heat
or
pain为表语从句。
?sense
of
touch触觉
?treatment
n.
[C，U]
治疗；处理；对待
?variety
[v?'raI?tI]
n.
变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
a
variety
of各种各样的
?liquid
['lIkwId]
n.
液体
?radiation
[?reIdI'eI?n]
n.
辐射；射线
烧伤的急救
[第1～2段译文]
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体最大的器官。皮肤有三层，像是三层屏障，可以防病、防毒和抵御有害太阳光线的侵害。皮肤的功能也很复杂：皮肤可以保暖或保持凉爽，阻止体内的水分大量流失。正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，急救是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：滚烫的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或火等)、太阳、电或化学物品。
Types
of
burns?
There
are
three
types
of
burns.
Burns
are
called
first,
second
or
third
degree
burns,
depending
on
which
layers
of
the
skin
are
burned.
·First
degree
burns These
affect
only
the
top
layer
of
the
skin.
These
burns
are
not
serious
and
should
feel
better
within
a
day
or
two.
Examples
include
mild
sunburn
and
burns
caused
by
touching
a
hot
pan，stove
or
iron
for
a
moment.
?burn(s)此处为名词，意为“烧伤”。
现在分词短语depending
on...作方式状语，其中which
layers
of
the
skin
are
burned是on的宾语。
within
a
day
or
two在一两天之内
mild
[maIld]
adj.
轻微的；温和的；温柔的
mild
sunburn轻度的晒伤
pan
[p?n]
n.
平底锅；盘子
stove
[st??v]
n.
炉子；火炉
[第3～4段译文]
烧伤的种类
烧伤有三类。根据皮肤的第几层被烧伤定义为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
一度烧伤 这种烧伤只损伤皮肤的表层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤和由于短暂接触热锅、炉子或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
·Second
degree
burns These
affect
both
the
top
and
the
second
layer
of
the
skin.
These
burns
are
serious
and
take
a
few
weeks
to
heal.
Examples
include
severe
sunburn
and
burns
caused
by
hot
liquids.
·Third
degree
burns These
affect
all
three
layers
of
the
skin
and
any
tissue
and
organs
under
the
skin.
Examples
include
burns
caused
by
electric
shocks，burning
clothes,
or
severe
petrol
fires.
These
burns
cause
very
severe
injuries
and
the
victim
must
go
to
hospital
at
once.
Characteristics
of
burns
First
degree
burns
·dry,
red
and
mildly
swollen
·mildly
painful
·turn
white
when
pressed
Second
degree
burns
·rough，red
and
swollen
·blisters
·watery
surface
·extremely
painful
Third
degree
burns
·black
and
white
and
charred
·swollen;
often
tissue
under
them
can
be
seen
·little
or
no
pain
if
nerves
are
damaged；
may
be
pain
around
edge
of
injured
area.
heal
[hi?l]
vi.
&
vt.
(使)康复；(使)化解
take
a
few
weeks
to
heal需要几周康复/痊愈
severe
adj.
十分严重的；极为恶劣的
severe
sunburn严重的晒伤
过去分词短语caused
by
hot
liquids作后置定语，修饰burns。
tissue
['tI?u?]
n.
(生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸
electric
shock触电；电休克
swollen
['sw??l?n]
adj.
肿胀的
swell
[swel]
vi.
&
vt.
(swelled,
swollen/swelled)
(使)膨胀；隆起
mildly
['maIldlI]
adv.
轻微地；温和地
mildly用作程度状语，相当于slightly。
turn
link
v.
使成为；转变成
when
pressed是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句。该句补全为when
they
are
pressed。
rough
adj.
粗糙的
blister
['blIst?]
n.
水泡
vi.
&
vt.
(使)起泡
watery
['w??t?rI]
adj.
(似)水的
char
[t?ɑ?]
vi.
烧焦
nerve
[n??v]
n.
神经；胆量
damage
vt.
损坏；损伤
[第5～7段译文]
二度烧伤 这种烧伤既损伤了皮肤的表层，又损伤了皮肤的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需要几周才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和滚烫的液体所造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤 所有三层皮肤以及皮下组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。这些烧伤都导致严重损伤，受伤者必须立即被送往医院。
烧伤的特征
一度烧伤 ·干燥、发红、微肿 ·微痛 ·受压时变白
二度烧伤 ·粗糙、发红、肿胀 ·起水泡 ·表面有水 ·极其疼痛
三度烧伤
·黑、白和焦炭色相间
·肿胀，常可看到皮下组织
·若损坏了神经，则很少疼痛或没有疼痛，或者在创伤面四周有疼痛感。
First
aid
treatment
1 Remove
clothing
using
scissors
if
necessary
unless
it
is
stuck
to
the
burn.
Take
off
other
clothing
and
jewellery
near
the
burn.
2 Cool
burns
immediately
with
cool
but
not
icy
water.
It
is
best
to
place
burns
under
gently
running
water
for
about
10
minutes.
(The
cool
water
stops
the
burning
process,
prevents
the
pain
becoming
unbearable
and
reduces
swelling.)
Do
not
put
cold
water
on
third
degree
burns.
scissors
['sIz?z]
n．(pl.)
剪刀
if
necessary为省略形式，其完整句式为if
it
is
necessary。
stick
to
粘在……上；坚持
take
off
拿掉；取掉
jewellery
n.
[U]
珠宝(总称)
cool在此处为及物动词，意为“使……凉下来”。
icy
adj.
冰的；冰冷的
it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to
place
burns...为真正的主语。
unbearable
[?n'be?r?bl]
adj.
难以忍受的；不能容忍的
[第8～9段译文]
急救处理
1 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则要把它去除，必要时可使用剪刀。脱去烧伤附近的其他衣物和首饰。
2 马上用凉水给伤口降温，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止疼到无法忍受，还可以消除肿胀。)三度烧伤不可以用冷水冲洗。
3 For
first
degree
burns,
place
cool,
clean,
wet
cloths
on
them
until
the
pain
is
not
so
bad.
For
second
degree
burns,
keep
cloths
cool
by
putting
them
back
in
a
basin
of
cold
water,
squeezing
them
out
and
placing
them
on
the
burned
area
over
and
over
again
for
about
an
hour
until
the
pain
is
not
so
bad.
4 Dry
the
burned
area
gently.
Do
not
rub,
as
this
may
break
any
blisters
and
the
wound
may
get
infected.
5 Cover
the
burned
area
with
a
dry,
clean
bandage
that
will
not
stick
to
the
skin.
Hold
the
bandage
in
place
with
tape.
Never
put
butter,
oil
or
ointment
on
burns
as
they
keep
the
heat
in
the
wounds
and
may
cause
infection.
6 If
burns
are
on
arms
or
legs,
keep
them
higher
than
the
heart,
if
possible.
If
burns
are
on
the
face,
the
victim
should
sit
up.
7 If
the
injuries
are
second
or
third
degree
burns,
it
is
vital
to
get
the
victim
to
the
doctor
or
hospital
at
once.
put
back放回
basin
['beIsn]
n.
盆；盆地 a
basin
of...一盆……
squeeze
[skwi?z]
vt.
&
vi.
榨；挤；压榨
squeeze
out榨出；挤出
over
and
over
again
反复；多次
wound
n.
创伤；伤口；伤害
vt.
使受伤；伤害
infect
vt.
传染；感染
bandage
['b?ndId?]
n.
绷带
in
place
在适当的位置；适当
tape
n.
胶带
ointment
['?Intm?nt]
n.
药膏；油膏
infection
[In'fek?n]
n.
传染；传染病；感染
if
possible为条件状语从句的省略。该句补全为if
it
is
possible。
sit
up坐直；(使)坐起
vital
['vaItl]
adj.
至关重要的；生死攸关的
It
is
vital
to
do
sth.
做某事是至关重要的。
[第10～14段译文]
3 对于一度烧伤，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需要把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后，再放在烧伤面上，这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛为止。
4 轻轻地把烧伤面弄干。但不要擦拭，因为这样会擦破水泡，使伤口感染。
5 用干燥、清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面。在适当位置用胶布把绷带固定住。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或油膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6 如果烧伤部位在臂部或腿部，要把手臂或腿部尽可能抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7 如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。
课文理解
Task
One：Fast
Reading
Ⅰ.The
writer
writes
this
passage
mainly
to
________.
A．tell
us
how
to
protect
ourselves
from
being
burned
B．teach
us
how
to
do
first
aid
C．introduce
the
various
degrees
of
burns
to
us
D．give
us
some
information
about
burns
答案：D
Ⅱ.The
text
is
divided
into
five
parts.
Please
give
the
main
idea
of
each
part.
Part
1:
the_functions_of_skin
Part
2:
how_we_get_burns
Part
3:
the_three_types_of_burns
Part
4:
the_symptoms_of_burns
Part
5:
what_to_do_if_someone_gets_burned
Task
Two：Careful
Reading
Ⅰ.Judge
the
following
statements
true
(T)
or
false
(F)．
1．When
someone
is
burned,
you
should
place
some
ice
on
his
wound.( F )
2．One
of
the
functions
of
cool
water
is
to
reduce
swelling.( T )
3．We
should
put
damp
cloths
on
the
second
degree
burns.( T )
4．We
shouldn't
break
the
blisters,
or
they
might
make
the
wound
infected.( T )
5．Sometimes,
we
can
put
oil
or
ointment
on
burns
to
stop
the
infection.( F )
6．We
should
make
sure
the
bandage
won't
stick
to
the
skin
when
it
is
used.( T )
7．If
burns
are
on
the
face,
we
should
make
the
victim
sit
up.( T )
8．Cold
water
can
be
used
in
all
three
types
of
burns.( F )
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．What
is
your
body's
largest
organ?
A．The
head.
B．The
skin.
C．The
legs.
D．The
feet.
答案：B
2．How
many
types
of
burns
are
there
altogether?
A．One.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
答案：C
3．If
you
happened
to
break
a
kettle
full
of
boiling
water,
and
get
your
legs
burned,
the
burns
should
be
________.
A．first
degree
burns
B．second
degree
burns
C．third
degree
burns
D．fourth
degree
burns
答案：B
4．Which
is
the
characteristic
that
first
degree
burns
and
second
degree
burns
share?
A．Being
rough.
B．Being
dry.
C．Being
red.
D．Being
severely
swollen.
答案：C
5．When
someone
is
burned,
what
should
be
done
first?
A．Remove
clothing.
B．Dry
the
burned
area
gently.
C．Cool
burns
immediately.
D．Put
the
wet
cloths
on
the
burns.
答案：A
Task
Three：Micro?writing
Read
the
text
carefully
and
fill
in
the
following
blanks.
There
are
three
types
of
burns.
They
are
called
first,
second
or
third
degree
burns,
1.depending
(depend)
on
which
layers
of
the
skin
are
burned.
First
degree
burns
affect
only
2.the
top
layer
of
the
skin.
These
burns
are
not
serious
and
should
feel
better
within
a
day
or
two.
3.Examples
(example)
include
mild
sunburn
and
burns
caused
by
4.touching
(touch)
a
hot
pan,
stove
or
iron
for
a
moment.
Second
degree
burns
affect
5.both
the
top
and
the
second
layer
of
the
skin.
These
burns
are
serious
6.and
take
a
few
weeks
7.to_heal
(heal).
Examples
include
severe
sunburn
and
burns
8.caused
(cause)
by
hot
liquids.
Third
degree
burns
affect
all
three
layers
of
the
skin
and
any
tissue
and
organs
9.under
the
skin.
Examples
include
burns
caused
by
electric
shocks,
burning
clothes,
or
severe
petrol
fires.
These
burns
cause
very
severe
10.injuries
(injure)
and
the
victim
must
go
to
hospital
at
once.
1
(教材P33)First
aid
is
a
temporary
form
of
help
given
to
someone
who
suddenly
falls
ill
or
gets
injured
before
a
doctor
can
be
found.
急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种暂时的帮助。
(1)first
aid
急救
in
aid
of...
为了帮助……
come
to
one's
aid
帮助某人
with
the
aid
of...
在……的帮助下
(2)aid
sb.帮助某人做……
[即学即用]
(1)He
hurt
his
leg
during
the
football
match,
and
some
of
us
gave
him
first
aid.
他在足球比赛中弄伤了腿，我们几个人对他进行了急救。
(2)A
dictionary
is
an
important
aid
in
learning
a
new
language.
词典是学习一种新语言的重要工具。
(3)We've
aided
him
to
finish/in
finishing
the
work
ahead
of
time.
我们已帮助他提前完成了工作。
(4)Since
the
accident
he's
only
been
able
to
walk
with_the_aid_of
a
stick.
那次事故之后，他只能借助于拐杖走路。
(5)语法填空。
①Neighbours
aided
him
with
money
when
he
almost
lost
everything
in
the
fire.
②The
hunt
for
her
killer
will
continue,
with
the
police
aided
(aid)
by
the
army
and
air
force.
2
(教材P33)Often
the
illness
or
injury
is
not
serious,
but
there
are
other
times
when
giving
first
aid
quickly
can
save
lives.
通常情况下这些伤病都不太严重，但有些时候，快速地实施急救可以挽救人的生命。
(1)escape
injury 幸免受伤
do
an
injury
to
sb.
伤害某人
(2)injure
vt.
损害；伤害
(3)injured
adj.
受伤的
[易混辨析]
injure,
wound,
hurt与damage
(1)injure“损害，伤害”，多指身体上因意外受到的伤害，也可指感情上的伤害。如：
She
was
badly
injured
in
the
accident.
她在事故中受了重伤。
(2)wound“受伤，伤害”，多指在战斗中身体受到的刀伤或枪伤，也可指伤口。如：
He
died
after
receiving
two
bullet
wounds
in
the
head.
他因头部中了两颗子弹而死。
(3)hurt“伤害，受伤”，多用于有生命的东西，常指肉体上的伤害，也可以比喻精神或感情方面的伤害，作不及物动词时表示“疼痛”。如：
I
hope
we
haven't
offended
him;
he
sounded
rather
hurt
on
the
phone.
但愿我们没有得罪他，他在电话里听起来很受伤。
(4)damage“损坏”，指物的损失或价值的损失，也可指感情的伤害。如：
The
flood
did
a
lot
of
damage
to
the
crops.
洪水严重地毁坏了农作物。
[即学即用]
(1)Two
players
were
out
of
the
game
because
of
injury.
两名队员因伤退出了比赛。
(2)Your
words
do
an
injury
to
the
little
girl.
你的言语伤害了这个小女孩。
(3)After
the
big
earthquake,
the_injured
had
no
access
to
the
medical
rescue
immediately.
大地震后，伤员不能立即获得医疗上的救援。
(4)用injure,
wound,
hurt与damage的适当形式填空。
①I
hurt/injured
myself
in
the
leg
when
I
fell
off
the
bike
the
other
day,
and
it
still
hurts
now.
②The
wounded
soldier
could
have
been
saved
if
he
had
not
been
left
to
bleed
to
death
on
the
battlefield.
③He
said
he
had
returned
to
his
home
and
found
that
the
earthquake
damaged
it
beyond
repair.
3
variety
n.
变化，多样?化?，多变?性?；?同一事物的?不同种类，多种多样
(教材P34)You
can
get
burned
by
a
variety
of
things：hot
liquids,
steam,
fire,
radiation
(by
being
close
to
high
heat
or
fire,
etc),
the
sun,
electricity
or
chemicals.
你可能被各种东西烧伤：滚烫的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射的热(由于靠近高温或火等)、阳光、电或化学物品。
(1)a
variety
of＝varieties
of＝various
adj.
各种各样的；不同种类的
(2)vary
v.
变化；改变；相异
vary
from...to...
从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
vary
with...
随……而变动
[温馨提示]
“a
variety
of＋复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用复数；“the
variety
of＋复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用单数。
[即学即用]
(1)The
island
offers
such
a
wide
variety
of
scenery
and
wildlife.
这个岛屿拥有丰富多样的景致及种类繁多的野生动植物。
(2)They
have
taken
varieties
of
measures
to
improve
the
people's
living
conditions.
他们采取了各种各样的措施来改善人们的生活条件。
(3)As
in
China,
the
climate
in
Canada
varies
from
area
to
area.
像中国一样，加拿大的气候随地区不同而不同。
(4)语法填空。
①Varieties
(vary)
of
these
crops
have
been
collected
from
all
around
the
district.
②The
variety
of
goods
in
this
shop
is
(be)
rich.
③A
variety
of
books
have_been_published
(publish)
by
the
publishing
house
since
last
year.
(教材P34)dry,
red
and
mildly
swollen
干燥、发红、微肿
(1)swell
up 膨胀，肿胀
swell
out
鼓起，凸出
swell
with...
(心中)充满……
(2)swollen
adj.
肿胀的
[即学即用]
(1)Her
arm
was
beginning
to
swell
up
where
the
bee
had
stung
her.
她胳膊上被蜜蜂蜇过的地方开始肿了起来。
(2)As
their
economies
swell,
China
and
India
are
being
transformed.
随着它们的经济膨胀，中国和印度正在经历着改变。
(3)His
heart
was
filled
with
(＝swelled_with)
pride
as
he
watched
his
daughter
collect
her
prize.
当他看着女儿领奖时，他的心中充满了自豪感。
(4)The
doctor
said
my
eye
would
be
a
little
swollen
and
I
needed
to
rest
at
home
for
a
few
days.
医生说我的眼睛会稍微肿起来，我需要在家休息几天。
5
(教材P34)For
second
degree
burns,
keep
cloths
cool
by
putting
them
back
in
a
basin
of
cold
water,
squeezing
them
out
and
placing
them
on
the
burned
area
over
and
over
again
for
about
an
hour
until
the
pain
is
not
so
bad.
对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再把它们放在烧伤面上，要这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛为止。
squeeze
out 榨出；挤出
squeeze
out
of
从……中挤出/榨出
squeeze
through
挤着通过
squeeze
into...
挤进……
[即学即用]
(1)He
squeezed
an
orange
to
get
the
juice
out.
他挤压橘子以便榨出橘汁。
(2)There's
room
for
one
more,
but
it'll
be
a
squeeze.
这里还能容下一个人，但是会挤一点儿。
(3)Busy
as
she
was
with
work
then,
she
still
tried
her
best
to
squeeze
out
some
time
from
her
tight
schedule
to
visit
her
mother.
尽管那时她忙于工作，但她仍然尽力从紧张的安排中挤出一些时间去看望她的母亲。
(4)用in,
out,
through,
into填空。
①Tom
took
off
his
wet
clothes
and
squeezed
the
water
out.
②He
squeezed
himself
into
a
crowded
bus.
③He
squeezed
through
the
crowd
and
then
went
up
to
the
stage.
6
(教材P35)If
the
injuries
are
second
or
third
degree
burns,
it
is
vital
to
get
the
victim
to
the
doctor
or
hospital
at
once.
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，立刻把伤者送去看医生或送往医院是至关重要的。
be
of
vital
importance 至关重要的
be
vital
to...
对……很重要
It
is
vital
to
do
sth.
做某事是很重要的。
It
is
vital
that...
……是十分重要的。(that从句
中要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
[即学即用]
(1)As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
reading
is
of
vital
importance
in
language
learning.
就我个人而言，阅读在语言学习中至关重要。
(2)It's
very
vitally
important
to
teach
the
children
about
road
safety.
把交通安全常识教给孩子们是至关重要的。
(3)There
is
no
doubt
that
the
education
of
the
youth
is_vital_to
a
country.
不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家是至关重要的。
(4)语法填空。
①It
is
vital
that
schools
(should)teach
(teach)
students
to
use
computer
technology.
②What
is
vitally
(vital)
important
is
that
the
money
is
spent
well
and
honestly.
7
(教材P35)Sam
broke
the
blisters
and
poured
icy
water
from
the
fridge
onto
the
skin.
萨姆弄破了水泡，还从冰箱里取出冰水倒在皮肤上。
pour
in 大量地涌进来
pour...into...
朝……里面倒……
pour
into/out
of...
涌进/从……涌出
pour
down
流下；(雨)倾盆而下
[即学即用]
(1)More
and
more
waste
and
poison
are
poured
into
the
water,
the
soil
and
the
air.
越来越多的废物和毒物倾倒或散发到水、土壤和空气中去。
(2)After
the
match
was
over,
the
fans
poured
out
of
the
stadium
cheering
wildly.
比赛结束后，体育爱好者们欣喜若狂地从体育场中蜂拥而出。
(3)The
rain
came
pouring
down
and
of
course
the
football
game
was
cancelled.
大雨倾盆，足球赛当然就取消了。
(4)用适当的介、副词(短语)填空。
①Letters
and
postcards
poured
into
the
newspaper
office
in
answer
to
the
appeal
for
suggestion.
②He
was
so
worried
that
sweat
began
to
pour
down
his
face.
③From
the
distance,
we
can
find
heavy
smoke
pouring
out_of
the
factory.
④After
pouring
out
his
trouble
to
a
close
friend,
he
felt
much
better.
1
(教材P33)First
aid
is
a
temporary
form
of
help
given
to
someone
who
suddenly
falls
ill
or
gets
injured
before
a
doctor
can
be
found.
急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种暂时的帮助。
fall
behind 落后
fall
down
摔倒；倒塌
fall
in
love
with
爱上
fall
over
跌倒，倒下
fall
off
从……(滚)落下或脱落，减少
fall
apart
散开，崩溃，破碎
[易混辨析]
fall
ill与be
ill
(1)fall
ill表动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(2)be
ill表状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：He
fell
ill
several
days
ago.
Exactly
speaking,
he
has
been
ill
for
three
days.
他几天前生病了，确切地说，他病了三天了。
[即学即用]
(1)The
story
came
to
its
turning
point
when
Joe
fell
ill
in
2007.
故事在2007年乔病倒时有了转折。
(2)She
has
been
ill
since
last
month
so
we
have
not
heard
from
her
lately.
从上个月以来她一直生病，所以我们近来没有得到她的音信。
(3)Living
in
a
polluted
environment,
people
may
fall_ill_easily.
生活在被污染的环境中，人们会很容易生病。
(4)用fall相关短语的适当形式填空。
①She
fell_ill
yesterday.
That's
why
she
is
absent
today.
②No
matter
how
hard
he
tried,
he
always
fell_behind
other
swimmers
in
the
contest.
③The
little
girl
ran
so
fast
that
she
was
thrown
off
balance
and
fell_over/down.
④You
are
likely
to
fall_down
on
your
research
project
if
you
don't
go
to
the
experts
for
advice.
2
(教材P34)For
second
degree
burns,
keep
cloths
cool
by
putting
them
back
in
a
basin
of
cold
water,
squeezing
them
out
and
placing
them
on
the
burned
area
over
and
over
again
for
about
an
hour
until
the
pain
is
not
so
bad.
对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再把它们放在烧伤面上，要这样反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛为止。
once
again 再次
over
and
over
一再地，反复地
again
and
again
反复地；再三
time
after
time
多次；不断地
time
and
again(＝time
and
time
again)
多次；一再地
now
and
again[＝(every)now
and
then]
时常；有时；不时
[即学即用]
(1)He
read
the
poem
over
and
over
again
till
he
could
recite
it.
他一遍又一遍地朗读那首诗，直到他能背诵为止。
(2)I
have
pointed
it
out
to
you
over
and
over
again.
我已经一遍又一遍地给你指出了它。
(3)He
broke
his
word
once_again.
他又一次违背了他的诺言。
(4)If
he
isn't
sure
about
something,
he
will
ask
the
same
question
over_and_over_again
until
he
is
sure
about
it.
如果他对某件事没把握，他会反复地问同一个问题直到有把握为止。
(5)Children
are
forgetful
and
must
be
told
time_and_again
how
to
behave.
孩子们记性不好，必须时常告诉他们怎样做才能举止得体。
3
(教材P35)Hold
the
bandage
in
place
with
tape.
用胶布把绷带固定。
out
of
place 在错误的位置；在不适当的位置
in
place
of
代替
in
one's
place
处于某人的境况；代替
in
the
first
place
起初，首先，第一
give
place
to
让位于
take
place
进行，发生
take
the
place
of
代替
take
one's
place
就座；代替
[即学即用]
(1)The
professor
told
us
to
put
everything
in
place
before
we
left
the
lab.
教授要求我们在离开实验室之前要把一切东西收拾整齐。
(2)A
new
school
has
been
built
in
the
place
where
there
was
a
church.
一所新的学校在一座教堂的遗址上建了起来。
(3)Such
a
glamorous
dress
seemed
out
of
place
in
that
cheap
restaurant.
穿这样华丽的礼服去那家低档饭店，未免有些不合时宜。
(4)用place相关短语的适当形式填空。
①In_the_first_place,_with
my
experience
in
teaching
for
more
than
ten
years,
I'm
qualified
for
the
job.
②I
felt
completely
out_of_place
among
all
these
successful
people.
③The
manager
will
be
away
on
business
and
I'll
take_the_place_of
him
during
his
absence.
1
...it
is
where
you
feel
cold,
heat
or
pain
and
it
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch.
……正是皮肤使你感到冷、热或疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
本句中where
you
feel
cold,
heat
or
pain是where引导的表语从句，where表示“……的地方”，相当于the
place
where，在表语从句中作地点状语。
①This
is
where
Africa's
great
rivers
begin.
非洲的大河都是从这里发源的。
②Beijing
is
where
you
can
see
ancient
and
modern
cultures.
在北京你会看到古代文化，也会看到现代文化。
2
So
as
you
can
imagine，if
your
skin
gets
burned
it
can
be
very
serious.
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，就可能非常严重。
句中as引导非限制性定语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，指代的是“if
your
skin
gets
burned
it
can
be
very
serious”。
as引导定语从句的常用句式有：
as
is
known
to
all 众所周知
as
we
all
know
我们都知道
as
we
can
see
正如我们所看到的
as
is
reported
正如报道的那样
as
is
often
the
case
这是常有的事
as
was
mentioned
above
正如上面所提到的
①As
is
known
to
all,
shoes
play
an
important
role
in
our
life,
for
they
can
protect
our
feet
from
being
hurt.
众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。
②The
hall,
as_is_often_the_case,_becomes
very
crowded.
大厅里变得非常拥挤，情况常常如此。
③As
was_reported
(report),
over
twenty
people
were
killed
in
the
terrible
accident.
正如报道的那样，二十多人死于这起严重的事故。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My
professor
aided
me
to_continue
(continue)
my
study.
2．People
like
to
live
a
life
full
of
variety
(various)．
3．I
squeezed
myself
into/in
a
crowded
bus
with
great
difficulty.
4．Having
been
working
too
hard
in
the
last
few
months,
he
fell
(fall)
ill
suddenly.
5．He
made
up
his
mind
that
he
wouldn't
do
her
an
injury.
6．As
everyone
can
see,
education
is
vital
to/for
the
country's
future.
7．Some
students
often
pour
out
their
trouble
to
the
teachers.
8．We
have
a
lot
in
common;
that
is
where
we
can
cooperate.
9．As
is
often
the
case
with
children,
Amy
was
better
by
the
time
the
doctor
arrived.
Ⅱ.选词填空
a
variety
of，squeeze
through，out
of
place，pour
down，as
you
can
see，be
ill，do
first
aid，do
sb.
an
injury
1．Her
husband
has_been_ill
for
a
long
time
and
is
unable
to
work.
2．The
girl
is
badly
injured.
You'd
better
do_first_aid
to
her
before
taking
her
to
hospital.
3．If
you
try
and
lift
that
heavy
suitcase,
you
will
do_yourself_an_injury.
4．There
will
be
a_variety_of
exhibits
in
the
exhibition
in
Italy.
5．He
managed
to
squeeze_through
the
crowd
at
last.
6．Some
of
these
books
are
out_of_place,_making
the
whole
room
messy.
7．—When
did
she
get
injured?
—It
was
at
midnight
when
rain
waspouring_down.
8．As_you_can_see
in
the
picture,
many
students
are
riding
bikes
to
school.
PAGEUnit
5
Section
Ⅱ Learning
about
Language
&
Using
Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．throat
(n.)咽喉；喉咙
2．ceremony
(n.)典礼；仪式；礼节
3．ambulance
(n.)救护车
4．scheme
(n.)方案；计划
5．tight
(adj.)牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly
(adv.)紧地；牢牢地
6．firm
(adj.)(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly
(adv.)坚固地；稳定地
7．bravery
(n.)勇敢；勇气→brave
(adj.)勇敢的
8．treat
(vt.
&
vi.)治疗；对待；款待
(n.)款待；招待→treatment
(n.)对待；治疗
9．apply
(vt.)涂；敷；搽；应用；运用
(vi.)申请；请求；使用；有效→application
(n.)申请→applicant
(n.)申请人
10．pressure
(n.)压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press
(v.)挤；压
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．prevent...from...
阻止……
2．a_number_of
若干；许多
3．put_one's_hands_on
找到
4．make_a_difference
区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
5．be
on
fire
着火
6．be
presented
with
被授予……
7．be
proud
of
为……感到骄傲
8．get
involved
in
卷入；介入
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．John
was_studying
in
his
room
when
he
heard
screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。
2．It_was
John's
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid
that
saved
Ms
Slade's
life.
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
3．There_is_no_doubt_that
John's
quick
thinking
and
the
first
aid
skills
he
learned
at
school
saved
Ms
Slade's
life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
1.联想记单词：各种仪式
①a
welcoming
ceremony
欢迎仪式
②an
opening
ceremony
开幕式
③a
closing
ceremony
闭幕式
2．副词后缀－ly
①tight
adj.
牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly
adv.
紧地；牢牢地
②firm
adj.
(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly
adv.
坚固地；稳定地
3．名词后缀－ment
treat
vt.
&
vi.
治疗；对待；款待
n.
款待；招待→treatment
n.
待遇；对待；处理；治疗
课文预读
HEROIC
TEENAGER
RECEIVES
AWARD
Seventeen－year－old
teenager,
John
Janson,
was
honoured①
at
the
Lifesaver
Awards
last
night
in
Rivertown
for
giving
lifesaving
first
aid
on
his
neighbour
after
a
shocking
knife
attack.
John
was
presented
with②
his
award
at
a
ceremony③
which
recognized
the
bravery④
of
ten
people
who
had
saved
the
life
of
another.
John
was
studying
in
his
room
when
he
heard
screaming⑤.
When
he
and
his
father
rushed
outside,
a
man
ran
from
the
scene⑥.
They
discovered
that
Anne
Slade,
mother
of
three,
had
been
stabbed⑦
repeatedly
with
a
knife.
She
was
lying
in
her
front
garden
bleeding
very
heavily⑧.
Her
hands
had
almost
been
cut
off⑨.
It
was
John's
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid
that
saved
Ms
Slade's
life⑩.
He
immediately
asked
a
number
of?
nearby
people
for
bandages,
but
when
nobody
could
put
their
hands
on?
any,
his
father
got
some
tea
towels
and
tape
from
their
house.
John
used
these
to
treat?
the
most
severe
injuries
to
Ms
Slade's
hands.
He
slowed
the
bleeding
by
applying?
pressure?
to
the
wounds
until
the
police
and
ambulance?
arrived.
①be
honoured
感到荣幸；受到嘉奖
②be
presented
with
被授予
③ceremony
['serIm?nI]
n.
典礼；仪式；礼节
④bravery
['breIv?rI]
n.
勇敢；勇气
⑤be
doing...when...为重要句式，意为“正在做……，突然……”。
⑥scene
n.
[C]
现场
⑦stab
[st?b]
vt.
&
vi.
(stabbed,
stabbed)刺；戳；刺伤
⑧现在分词短语bleeding
very
heavily作伴随状语。
⑨cut
off切断；中断；隔断
⑩It
was...life.为强调句，结构为“It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”，此处强调了主语John's
quick
action
and
knowledge
of
first
aid。
?a
number
of
若干；许多
?put
one's
hands
on
找到
?treat
[tri?t]
vt.
&
vi.
治疗；对待；款待
n.
款待；招待
?apply
[?'plaI]
vt.
运用，构成短语apply
sth.
to
sth.“把某物应用于某事”。
?pressure
['pre??]
n.
压力；挤压；压迫(感)
?ambulance
['?mbj?l?ns]
n.
救护车
英雄青年获奖记
[第1～4段译文]
17岁青年约翰·詹森昨晚在里弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上受到嘉奖，因为在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，他为他的邻居实施了紧急抢救。
在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。
(那天)约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。当他和父亲冲出去时，看见一个男人从现场逃跑了。他们发现三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被连捅了数刀。斯莱德女士躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。
正是约翰敏捷的动作和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
“I'm
proud
of
what
I
did
but
I
was
just
doing
what
I'd
been
taught，”
John
said.
John
had
taken
part
in
the
Young
Lifesaver
Scheme?
at
his
high
school.
When
congratulating
John?，Mr
Alan
Southerton,
Director
of
the
Young
Lifesaver
Scheme
said,
“There
is
no
doubt
that?
John's
quick
thinking
and
the
first
aid
skills
he
learned
at
school?
saved
Ms
Slade's
life.
It
shows
that
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make
a
real
difference.”
Before
receiving
their
awards
last
night,
John
and
the
nine
other
Life
Savers
attended
a
special
reception
yesterday
hosted
by
the
Prime
Minister.
?scheme
[ski?m]
n.
方案；计划
?When
congratulating
John为省略he
was的时间状语从句。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词时，可把从句的主语和be动词一并省略。
?There
is
no
doubt
that...
毫无疑问……
?he
learned
at
school是定语从句，修饰the
first
aid
skills。
a
knowledge
of
知道；了解；……方面的知识
make
a
difference
区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
nine
other
另外/其他9位
过去分词短语hosted...Minister作后置定语，修饰reception。
[第5～7段译文]
约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，但我只做了以前别人教会我做的事。”
约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。”
约翰和其他九位救生员昨晚在领奖前还出席了由首相主持的特别的招待会。
课文理解
Ⅰ.Read
the
headline
and
the
first
paragraph
to
fill
in
the
chart
below.
Who
John_Janson
When
last_night
Where
Rivertown
What
honoured_at_the_Lifesaver_Awards
Why
carrying_out_first_aid_on_a_neighbour_after_a_knife_attack
Ⅱ.Read
the
text
carefully
and
answer
the
questions.
1．Why
was
John
presented
with
an
award?
Because_he_saved_the_life_of_a_woman.
2．Why
could
he
successfully
save
the
woman?
Because_he_was_quick－thinking_and_he_learned_first_aid_skills_at_school.
3．Is
it
necessary
to
learn
first
aid
knowledge?
Why?
Yes,_because_a_knowledge_of_first_aid_can_make_a_real_difference.
Ⅲ.Scan
the
text
and
then
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．John
slowed
the
bleeding
of
the
injuries
by
________.
A．putting
pressure
on
the
wounds
B．dressing
them
in
bandages
C．keeping
Anne
Slade
lying
still
D．putting
tea
towels
on
the
wounds
答案：A
2．From
this
accident,
we
can
see
________.
A．the
Young
Lifesaver
Scheme
is
a
health
care
organization
B．a
knowledge
of
first
aid
is
helpful
in
life
C．it
was
only
John's
quick
thinking
that
saved
a
life
D．John's
father
didn't
help
him
with
the
first
aid
答案：B
3．In
the
last
paragraph,
the
writer
mentioned
the
Prime
Minister
in
order
to
show
________.
A．the
Prime
Minister
also
attended
the
Young
Lifesaver
Scheme
B．it
is
a
great
honour
to
be
awarded
by
the
Prime
Minister
C．the
government
is
concerned
about
life
safety
D．Anne
Slade
has
a
great
influence
in
the
neighbourhood
答案：C
Ⅳ.Put
these
events
in
the
right
order.
__4__
The
attacker
ran
away.
__2__
Anne
was
attacked
and
started
to
scream.
__6__
John
performed
first
aid
on
Anne.
__1__
John
was
studying
in
his
house.
__7__
The
ambulance
arrived.
__3__
John
ran
outside
with
his
father.
__5__
John
found
Anne
in
her
garden
with
terrible
knife
wounds.
1
(教材P38)John
used
these
to
treat
the
most
severe
injuries
to
Ms
Slade's
hands.
约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。
(1)treat...as... 把……当作；像……一样对待；处理；看待
treat
sb./oneself
to
sth.
请客；款待；招待自己/某人
(2)be
one's
treat
由某人请客
My
treat./It's
my
treat.
我请客。
[即学即用]
①Treat
yourself
to
a
glass
of
beer
to
help
you
relax.
自己喝杯啤酒放松一下吧。
②Just
put
the
money
away;
it's
my
treat
today.
把钱收起来，今天我请客。
2
(教材P38)He
slowed
the
bleeding
by
applying
pressure
to
the
wounds
until
the
police
and
ambulance
arrived.
他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
(1)apply...to... 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
apply
oneself
to
致力于；集中精力于
apply
to...
适用……
apply
(to...)
for...
(向……)申请……
(2)applicant
n.
申请人
application
n.
申请；申请书；适用
[即学即用]
①We
must
apply
what
we
have
learned
to
our
daily
work.
我们必须把所学的知识应用到日常工作中去。
②Over
the
years,
he
has
applied
himself
to
improving
(improve)
the
living
conditions
of
the
migrant
workers.
数年来，他一直致力于改善农民工的生活条件。
③She
applied
to
the
international
school
for
a
job
as
an
English
teacher.
她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。
1
(教材P38)He
immediately
asked
a
number
of
nearby
people
for
bandages,
but
when
nobody
could
put
their
hands
on
any,
his
father
got
some
tea
towels
and
tape
from
their
house.
他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，但当他们都没找到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。
a
number
of相当于many，后面跟可数名词的复数形式。在number之前可用great，large，small，good等修饰。该短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。
[即学即用]
①Aside
from
the
web
cameras,
a
great
number
of
other
high－tech
methods
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular.
除了网络相机，还有许多其他的高新技术手段正在变得越来越流行。
②Only
a_small_number_of
students
attended
the
evening
class.
只有少数同学去上夜校。
[易混辨析]
a
number
of/the
number
of
a
number
of
修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“许多；大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the
number
of
修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
[即学即用] 选用上述短语填空
③The
number
of
people
invited
was
(be)
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them
were
(be)
absent
for
different
reasons.
被邀请人的数量是五十，但是他们中大部分由于各种原因缺席了。
2
(教材P38)It
shows
that
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make
a
real
difference.
这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
make
some/no
difference
(to...)
(对……)有/没作用或影响
tell
the
difference
(between...and...)
辨别/区分(……与……)
[即学即用]
①You
can
also
make
a
difference
if
you
have
a
strong
will
and
never
give
up.
如果你有坚强的意志，永不言弃，你也能有所作为。
②It
makes_no_difference/doesn't
make
any
difference
to
me
whether
you
come
here
or
not.
对我来说，你来不来都无所谓。
③The
twins
are
so
alike;
it's
difficult
to
tell
the
difference
(different)
between
them.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨出来。
本句使用了be
doing...when...句式。此句式的意思为“正在做……，突然……”，句中的when相当于and
then/and
at
that
time，连接两个并列分句。
①I
was
playing
computer
games
last
night
when
electricity
was
cut
off.
昨晚我正在玩电脑游戏，突然停电了。
be
about
to
do...when... 即将做……这时(突然)……
had
done...when...
刚刚做完……这时(突然)……
②Lily
was
about
to
study
when
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
莉莉正要学习，这时有人敲门。
③He
had_gone
(go)
to
bed
when
the
telephone
rang.
他刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
2
There
is
no
doubt
that
John's
quick
thinking
and
the
first
aid
skills
he
learned
at
school
saved
Ms
Slade's
life.
毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
There
is
no
doubt
that...“毫无疑问……”，其中的that引导同位语从句。
①There
is
no
doubt
that
this
candidate's
advantage
lies
in
his
ability
to
communicate
with
foreigners
in
English.
毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
②There_is_no_doubt_that
the
Internet
makes
communication
easier
and
helps
us
keep
up
with
the
latest
information.
毫无疑问，因特网使交流更简单了，也有助于我们跟上最新的信息步伐。
?1?doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether?不可用if?引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
?2?doubt用作动词时，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
③There
is
some
doubt
whether
he
will
be
elected
president.
他是否能当选总统还有些疑问。
④I
never
doubt
that
special
classes
can
help
the
gifted
children
to
graduate
earlier
and
take
their
place
in
life
sooner.
我从未怀疑过，特殊班级能够帮助这些有天赋的学生提前毕业，更早地在生活中找到他们的位置。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A
great
number
of
fine
poems
were_written
(write)
by
some
famous
poets.
2．Men
and
women
must
be_treated
(treat)
equally
in
education
and
employment.
3．Mary's
words
make
no
difference
to
him,
for
he
is
quite
stubborn.
4．They
had_covered
(cover)
three
miles
when
they
realized
they
had
left
their
IDs
at
home.
5．If
the
constitution
said
that
all
people
were
free
and
equal,
then
she
thought
it
should
apply
to
her.
6．There's
some
doubt
whether
the
meeting
will
be
held
as
planned.
Ⅱ.选词填空
apply...to,
make
a
difference,
there
is
no
doubt
that,
treat...as,
a
number
of,
when
1．In
the
past
ten
years
a_number_of
high
buildings
have
arisen
where
there
was
nothing
but
ruins.
2．I
am
now
in
my
twenties,
but
my
parents
still
treat
me
as
a
child.
3．You
can
also
make_a_difference
if
you
have
a
strong
will
and
never
give
up.
4．We
were
discussing
the
problem
when
there
was
a
power
failure.
5．He
is
the
top
player
in
the
world,
so
there_is_no_doubt_that
he
will
win
the
match.
6．We
must
apply
what
we
have
learned
to
our
daily
work
because
in
no
case
should
theory
be
separated
from
practice.
PAGEUnit
5
Section
Ⅲ Grammar——省略
[语法图解]
[探究发现]
1．(You)
Come
in,
please!
2．John
is
a
lawyer,
and
his
wife
(is)
a
cleaner.
3．a.First
degree
burns
turn
white
when
(they
are)
pressed.
b．If
burns
are
on
arms
or
legs,
keep
them
higher
than
the
heart,
if
(it
is)
possible.
4．a.He
is
the
man
(who/whom/that)
you
can
depend
on.
b．There
is
no
doubt
that
John's
quick
thinking
and
the
first
aid
skills
(that/which)
he
learned
at
school
saved
Ms
Slade's
life.
5．The
boy
wanted
to
play
football
in
the
street,
but
his
mother
did
not
allow
him
to
(play
football
in
the
street)．
6．It
shows
(that)
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make
a
real
difference.
[我的发现]
(1)例句1为简单句中的省略。
(2)例句2为并列句中的省略。
(3)第3组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物，且由人称代词的主格担当，或当状语从句的主语为it，而且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(4)第4组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
(5)例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。
(6)例句6体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时，that可以省略。
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You)
Shut
up!
住嘴！
(You)
Want
a
hand?
需要帮忙吗？
(I)
Beg
your
pardon.
请再说一遍。
(It)
Doesn't
matter.
没关系。
2．省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do
you
know
Miss
Gao?
—I
don't
know
(her)．
——你认识高女士吗？
——不认识。
3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You
come)
This
way,
please.
请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)
(Have
you)
Got
any
ink?
你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)
[即时演练1] 补全下列省略句
①Have
a
seat,
please!
You_have_a_seat,_please!
②Looks
like
rain.
It_looks_like_rain.
③Let's
do
the
dishes.
I'll
wash
and
you
dry.
Let's_do_the_dishes._I'll_wash_and_you_dry_them/the_dishes.
④Got
any
idea
about
the
plan?
Have_you_got_any_idea_about_the_plan?
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1．省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom
picked
up
a
book
on
the
floor
and
(Tom)
handed
it
to
his
teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2．若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack
must
have
been
playing
football
and
Mary
(must
have
been)
doing
her
homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His
advice
made
me
happy,
but
(his
advice
made)
Jim
angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4．若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He
has
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
but
his
friend
doesn't
(have
a
knowledge
of
first
aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
[即时演练2] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some
of
us
study
Japanese,
and
others
study
English.others后的study
②He
gave
up
drinking
several
months,
but
he
returned
to
his
old
way
later.he
③My
friend
didn't
come
to
school,
but
I
wonder
why
he/she
didn't
come
to
school.he/she_didn't_come_to_school
三、复合句中的省略
1．状语从句的省略
(1)在when,
while,
if,
as
if,
though,
although,
as,
until,
once,
whether,
unless,
whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood
gives
off
much
smoke
while
(it
is)
burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
Whenever
(it
is)
possible,
they
would
stop
him
and
ask
him
the
three
questions.
只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
Will
you
be
free
this
Sunday?
If
(it
is)
so,
let's
go
camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
[名师点津] 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
When
(it
is)
heated,
ice
can
be
turned
into
water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
(2)在than,
as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They
don't
use
more
water
than
(it
is)
necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
He
runs
as
fast
as
Bob
(runs)．
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
[名师点津] 并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after,
before,
because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。
Because
he
was
ill,
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting.
→Because
of
being
ill,
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting.(正)
→Being
ill,
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting.(正)
→Because
ill,
he
didn't
attend
the
meeting.(误)
由于生病了，他没有出席会议。
[即时演练3]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①When
surfing
(surf)
the
Internet,
I
downloaded
the
film.
②Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
left
(leave)
in
the
wrong
hands.
③He
shook
his
head
as
if
to_say
(say)
“no”．
(2)把下列句子改为省略句
①If
it
is
so,
I
hope
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time.
→If_so,_I
hope
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time.
②The
winters
in
Hangzhou
are
not
so
mild
as
they
are
in
Guangzhou.
→The
winters
in
Hangzhou
are
not
so
mild
as_in_Guangzhou.
2．定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,
which,
that可省略(但whom,
which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The
exact
year
(which/that)
Angela
and
her
family
spent
together
in
China
was
2008.
安哥拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in
which可以省略。
The
wayhe
speaks
to
us
is
really
annoying.
他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
[即时演练4] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among
the
many
dangers
which
sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.which
②Please
send
us
all
the
information
that
you
have
about
the
candidate
for
the
position.that
3．宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I
truly
believe
(that)
beauty
comes
from
within.
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He
said
(that)
the
text
was
very
important
and
that
we
should
learn
it
by
heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when,
where,
how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I
know
that
a
movie
star
will
come
to
our
city
but
I
don't
know
when
(he
will
come
to
our
city)．
我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
[即时演练5] 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Jerry
did
not
regret
giving
the
comment
but
felt
that
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.that
②She
didn't
attend
the
meeting
yesterday.
I
don't
know
why
she
didn't
attend
the
meeting
yesterday.she_didn't_attend_the_meeting_yesterday
四、其他的省略情况
1．动词不定式的省略
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,
anxious,
eager,
glad,
happy,
ready,
willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You
can't
force
him
to
answer
the
question
if
he's
not
ready
to
(answer
the
question)．
如果他不准备回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
(2)某些使役动词，如：make,
let,
have等和感官动词，如：see,
watch,
notice,
observe,
hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
We
often
hear
her
sing
an
English
song
in
the
classroom.
She
is
often
heard
to
sing
an
English
song
in
the
classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He
likes
to
swim
more
than
(to)
skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He
believes
it
important
to
study
rather
than
to
make
friends.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree,
afford,
expect,
forget,
hope,
know,
manage,
pretend,
remember,
refuse,
want,
wish,
would
like等。
I
would
do
it
for
you,
but
I
don't
know
how
to
(do
it
for
you)．
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知怎么去做。
(5)介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All
he
could
do
was
nothing
but
wait
and
see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(6)当不定式在be
going
to,
be
able
to,
have
to,
ought
to,
used
to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They
didn't
visit
their
parents
as
much
as
they
ought
to
(visit
their
parents)．
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
[名师点津] ①省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
②类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought
to,
be
going
to,
be
about
to,
be
supposed
to,
have
to,
used
to及形容词glad,
happy,
pleased,
delighted等。
He
didn't
come，but
he
ought
to
have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are
you
a
farmer?
—No,
but
I
used
to
be
(a
farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
[即时演练6] 按要求做题
①There
were
so
many
cars
held
up
by
the
heavy
rain
on
the
road
that
we
had
no
alternative
but
to
wait.
②We
can
do
nothing
but
to
give
up.
③He
was
noticed
to
leave
the
office.
④The
city
now
is
much
noisier
than
it
used
to
be.
⑤My
mother
wouldn't
let
me
to
go
to
see
the
film.
(1)以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：②⑤
(2)不能省略的是：①③④
2．使用so，not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so,
not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can
you
finish
your
work
today?
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I
think
so.
——我认为能。
—I
don't
think
so./I
think
not.
——我认为不能。
[名师点津] hope,
guess,
be
afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。
—The
boys
are
not
doing
a
good
job
at
all,
are
they?
—I
guess
not.
——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
——我猜是没做好。
[即时演练7] 补全句子
①—Is
he
feeling
better
today?
—I'm_afraid_not(恐怕没有好转)．
②—Tom
was
injured,
or
he
would
have
won
the
race.
—I_think_so(我认为如此)．
3．介词的省略
(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
①have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
②be
busy
(in)
doing
sth.
③spend
some
time
(in)
doing
sth.
④stop/prevent
sb.
(from)
doing
sth.
The
heavy
rain
prevented
him
(from)
arriving
there
on
time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
(2)表示时间的介词at，on和in在next,
last,
this,
these,
yesterday,
tomorrow,
one,
any,
every,
each,
some等词之前时，一般省略。
We
go
to
school
(on)
every
day
except
Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
[即时演练8] 补全下列句中省略的介词
①It
was
quite
light
and
(at)
any
moment
now
the
sun
would
rise.
②There
were
plenty
of
empty
seats
(on)
that
night.
③I
have
some
trouble
(in)
learning
English.
Ⅰ.补全下列省略句
1．—I
listen
to
English
every
day
over
the
radio.
—Sounds
interesting.(将答语补全)
→It_sounds
interesting.
2．—Do
you
think
the
fine
weather
will
keep
up?
—I
don't
believe
so.(将答语补全)
→I
don't
believe
the_fine_weather_will_keep_up.
3．—Would
you
like
to
join
me
for
a
quick
lunch
before
class?
—I'd
like
to,
but
I
promised
Nancy
to
go
out
with
her.(将答语补全)
→I'd
like
to
join_you_for_a_quick_lunch_before_class,_but
I
promised
Nancy
to
go
out
with
her.
4．Only
some
of
the
students
have
done
a
first
aid
course
but
most
haven't.
→Only
some
of
the
students
have
done
a
first
aid
course
but
most
of
the
students
haven't
done_a_first_aid_course.
5．Who
do
you
suggest
be
sent
to
work
there?
→Who
do
you
suggest
should
be
sent
to
work
there?
6．Keep
silent
until
asked
to
speak
at
the
meeting.
→Keep
silent
until
you_are
asked
to
speak
at
the
meeting.
7．He
did
everything
he
could
to
help
his
girlfriend.
→He
did
everything
that
he
could
do
to
help
his
girlfriend.
8．Do
you
know
the
girl
he
is
speaking
to?
→Do
you
know
the
girl
whom/that/who
he
is
speaking
to?
9．He
said
the
meeting
was
very
important
and
that
we
all
should
attend
it.
→He
said
that
the
meeting
was
very
important
and
that
we
all
should
attend
it.
Ⅱ.用省略形式完成句子
1．When
offered_help
(被提供帮助时),
one
often
says
“Thank
you”．
2．—Will
it
be
warmer
tomorrow
than
today?
—I
hope_so
(希望是这样)．
3．She
came
back
three
days
later
than_expected
(比预料的)．
4．—What
made
you
so
angry?
—Losing_my_bike
(我的自行车丢了)．
5．—You
should
have
given
me
a
ring
before
you
left.
—I_meant_to
(我打算给你打电话),
but
I
was
in
a
hurry
that
time.
PAGEFirst
aid
Section
Ⅳ Writing——介绍急救措施
本单元的写作任务为介绍急救措施，为指导性说明文，该类说明文旨在为读者提供解决问题的方法及具体步骤。
一、基本结构
第一部分：对要说明的现象或事物作简单介绍，引出主题。
第二部分：按照一定的顺序对要说明的现象或事物进行客观描述。
第三部分：简要总结全文。
二、增分佳句
1．We
should
check
whether
he/she
is
conscious
or
not.
我们应当检查他/她是否清醒。
2．Use
the
mouth－to－mouth
method
within
five
minutes.
在五分钟内进行人工呼吸。
3．Don't
move
him/her—leave
him/her
where
he/she
is.
不要搬动他/她，让他/她待在原地。
4．Cover
the
wound
with
a
bandage
or
a
piece
of
dry
clean
cloth.
用绷带或一块干净的干布把伤口包扎起来。
5．Wash
the
wound
with
cold
running
water.
用凉自来水冲洗伤口。
6．Please
call
120
for
ambulance
at
once.
请立即拨打120叫救护车。
[题目要求]
请根据下面表格提供的内容，用英语介绍一些急救常识。
病症
急救措施
注意事项
呼吸停止
人工呼吸
捏住鼻子，口对口吹气直到病人恢复呼吸。
大出血
止血
用干净手帕或布压在出血点，按住不放。
煤气中毒或食物中毒
开门窗，通风换气，带病人和有毒物质去医院。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为说明文；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第二人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
二、构思
第一部分，引出话题：人们需要牢记的急救措施。
第二部分，按照先后顺序介绍三种(呼吸停止、大出血及中毒)急救措施及注意事项。
第三部分，简要总结：这些建议在人们的日常生活中很有用。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．stop_breathing
停止呼吸
2．breathe_into_his_mouth
口对口吹气
3．bleed_badly/heavily
大出血
4．let_the_fresh_air_in
通风换气
5．eat_or_drink_poison_by_mistake
误吃或喝有毒物品
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．如果某人停止呼吸，你必须立即进行人工呼吸。(if引导的条件状语从句；主谓宾结构)
If_a_person_stops_breathing,_you_must_start_his_breathing_at_once.
2．用手指捏住他的鼻子，口对口吹气，直到他恢复呼吸。(祈使句；until引导的时间状语从句)
Close_his_nose_with_your_fingers_and_breathe_into_his_mouth_until_he_begins_to_breathe_again.
3．若某人大出血，用块干净手帕或布压在出血点，按住不放。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句；and连接的并列句)
If_a_person_is_bleeding_badly,_press_a_clean_handkerchief_or_a_piece_of_cloth_on_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there.
4．若某人煤气中毒，开门窗，通风换气。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句；不定式作目的状语)
If_a_person_is_poisoned_by_the_gas,_open_the_doors_and_windows_to_let_the_fresh_air_in.
5．若有人误吃或喝有毒物品，带着病人和有毒物品立即去医院。(if引导的条件状语从句；祈使句)
If_someone_has_eaten_or_drunk_poison_by_mistake,_take_him/her_and_the_poison_to_hospital_at_once.
6．这些建议在我们的日常生活中很有用。(主系表结构)
These_suggestions_are_very_valuable_in_our_daily_life.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
把句6改为“be
of＋n.”结构
These_suggestions_are_of_great_value_in_our_daily_life.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
Here_are_some_common_practices_for_first_aid_that_everyone_should_keep_in_mind.
If_a_person_stops_breathing,_you_must_start_his_breathing_at_once._Close_his_nose_with_your_fingers,_and_breathe_into_his_mouth_until_he_begins_to_breathe_again._If_a_person_is_bleeding_badly,_press_a_clean_handkerchief_or_a_piece_of_cloth_on_the_bleeding_point_and_hold_it_there._If_a_person_is_poisoned_by_the_gas,_open_the_doors_and_windows_to_let_the_fresh_air_in._If_someone_has_eaten_or_drunk_poison_by_mistake,_take_him/her_and_the_poison_to_hospital_at_once.
These_suggestions_are_of_great_value_in_our_daily_life.
PAGE
