Unit
4
Body
Language
Section
A
Reading
and
Thinking
学习目标
1.掌握本节单词、词组。
2.了解肢体语言的作用以及不同文化下的含义。
3.发展不同学习技能，解决不同的阅读问题。
知识运用
1.
vary
词性：____________
意思：_____________
vary
in
sth.
在……方面不同
vary
with…
随着……的变化而变化
vary
from…
to
…由……到……不等
variety
n.
变化；多样化；种类
a
variety
of/
varieties
of
各种各样的
练习：People's
clothes
usually
vary
________
the
season
and
taste.
2.
appropriate
词性：____________
意思：_____________
be
appropriate
to/for
适合……
It
is
appropriate
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
（对于某人来说）做某事更合适
练习：Is
now
an
appropriate
time
______
(make)
a
speech?
3.
contrast
词性：____________
意思：_____________
词性：____________
意思：_____________
by/in
contrast
相比之下
in
contrast
with/
to
与……形成对比
contrast
…with…
把……与……作对比
I
can't
evaluate
his
ability
without
seeing
his
work.
没有看到他的工作状况，我无法评估他的工作能力。
练习：When
you
look
at
their
new
system,
ours
seems
very
old-fashioned
_________
（相比之下）.
4.
approve
词性：____________
意思：_____________
词性：____________
意思：_____________
approve
of
sth.
赞成；同意
approve
of
sb./sb's
doing
sth.
同意某人做某事
练习：After
a
lot
of
hard
work
and
efforts,
the
project
________
(approve)
eventually
by
the
government.
5.
employ
词性：____________
意思：_____________
employ
sb.
to
do
sth.
雇用某人做某事
employ
sb.
as
sth.
雇用某人当……
be
employed
in
(doing)
sth.
=
employ
oneself
in
(doing)
sth.
忙于做某事；从事某活动
练习：More
than
3,000
local
workers
________
(employ)
in
the
tourism
industry
at
present.
6.
differ
词性：____________
意思：_____________
differ
from
…
与……不同
differ
in
…
在……方面不同
differ
with
sb
(about/
on
/
over
sth)
（在某事/某物上）与某人意见相左
练习：The
two
applicants
differ
_______
each
other
in
their
ability
to
handle
stress.
7.
comparison
词性：____________
意思：_____________
by
comparison
(with…)
（与……）相比较
in
comparison
with/to…
和……相比
compare
v.
比较；对比；把……比作
compare
…with…
和……相比
练习：The
tallest
buildings
in
London
are
small
in
________
(compare)
with
New
York's
skyscrapers.
8.
favour
词性：____________
意思：_____________
词性：____________
意思：_____________
do
sb.
a
favour
帮某人一个忙
ask
sb.
a
favour
=
ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请某人帮忙
in
favour
of
支持；赞同
练习：My
sister
was
against
my
suggestion
while
my
brother
was
____________（赞成）it.
阅读探究
1.
How
is
the
body
language
mentioned
in
the
text
interpreted
in
China?
2.
Can
you
think
of
an
example
of
body
language
that
is
appropriate
in
China
but
might
be
misunderstood
in
another
culture?
3.
What
advice
on
body
language
can
you
give
a
foreign
friend
on
his/her
first
trip
to
China?
句型梳理
1.
In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
在日本，和年长的人说话时目光向下以表示尊敬。
Placing
your
hands
together
and
resting
them
on
the
side
of
your
head
while
closing
your
eyes
means“sleep”。
双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。
1
状语从句中的省略
状语从句的省略是指在时间、条件、比较、让步状语从句中，将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。通常需要具备以下条件：
（1)
从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it;
（2)
从句中含有be动词。
Video
games
can
be
a
bad
influence
if
(they
are)
left
in
the
wrong
hands.
电子游戏如果落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生不良影响。
It
is
so
cold
that
you
can't
go
outside
unless
(you
are)
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起来。
While
(you
were)
walking
the
dog,
you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，它挣脱了，被车撞了。
The
disease
was
spreading
faster
than
(it
was)
expected,
but
they
took
action
in
time.
疾病比预计的传播得快，但是他们及时采取了措施。
注意：
惯用省略结构：
if
so如果是这样的话
if
necessary
如果有必要
if
any
如果有的话
if
not
如果不是这样；否则
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
ever
如果曾经有的话
2.
And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
（1)
基本结构：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级（＋than)
（2)
常用的否定词：no,
not,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
hardly等
（3)
意义：再没有比······更······的了，再······不过了
I
have
never
seen
a
more
energetic
man.
我从未见过比他精力更充沛的人。
I
couldn't
agree
more.
我完全同意。／我再同意不过了。
Nothing
is
more
precious
than
health.
健康是最宝贵的。
答案
知识运用
1.
with
2.
to
make
3.
by
contrast
4.
was
approved
5.
are
employed
6.
from
7.
comparison
8.
in
favour
of
阅读探究
1.
Eve
contact
is
a
way
to
display
interest
and
confidence.
Looking
down
when
talking
to
someone
is
a
way
to
display
embarrassment
or
shyness.
The
OK
sign
means
something
is
good.
Shaking
one's
head
means
"No".
Nodding
one's
head
means
"Yes".
Kissing
somebody's
cheek
means
love.
Shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
are
the
ways
to
greet
somebody.
Placing
your
hands
together
and
resting
them
on
the
side
of
your
head
while
closing
your
eyes
means
sleep.
Moving
your
hand
in
circles
over
your
stomach
after
a
meal
means
"I'm
full".
Smiling
is
a
way
to
show
kindness.
2.
Touching
a
child's
head
in
China
is
a
way
to
show
love
to
him,
while
in
Thailand
it
is
very
rude
to
do
so.
3.
When
we
Chinese
talk
to
our
friends,
we
tend
to
stand
close
to
them.
In
China,
when
a
man
is
very
angry,
he
will
stamp
his
foot.
You'd
better
leave
him
alone.
PAGEUnit
4
Body
Language
Section
B
Learning
about
Language
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、掌握本节语法重点。
重点词汇
1.
slight
词性_______
意思________
not
in
the
slightest
=
not
at
all
毫不；一点也不
slightly
adv.
略微；稍微
（可用于修饰比较级）
练习：It
is
_________
(slight)
colder
today
than
it
was
yesterday.
2.
assessment
词性_______
意思________
assess
vt.
评估；评价
assessment
of
…
对……的看法/评估
assess
sb./sth.
as
sth.
评定……为……
assess
sth.
at
sth.
对……估价为……
练习：It's
difficult
__________
(assess)
the
effects
of
these
changes.
3.
bend
词性_______
意思________
bend
down/over
弯腰
bend
one's
mind/efforts
to
sth.
专心致志于某事
练习：He
bent
______
to
pick
up
the
book.
语法解析
动词-ing形式作宾语和表语
1.动词－ing形式作宾语
（1)
作动词的宾语
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗户吗？
I
suggest
going
swimming
now.
我建议现在就去游泳。
注意：
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期（avoid,
miss,
postpone)
建议完成多练习（advise,
finish,
practise)
喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy,
imagine,
can't
help)
承认否定与嫉妒（admit,
deny,
envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅（escape,
risk,
excuse)
忍受保持不介意（stand,
keep,
mind)
（2)
作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语：insist
on,
object
to,
be
good
at,
be
fond
of,
lead
to,
put
off,
give
up,
look
forward
to,
feel
like,
devote
to,
get
used
to,
pay
attention
to
等。He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
（3)
在有些动词的后面，如
start,
begin,
continue
等既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They
continued
working/to
work
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
（4)
有些动词或动词短语后跟动词-ing形式或不定式都可以，但意思不同。接不定式一般表示动作尚未发生，而接动名词则表示动作已经发生。
remember/
forget
to
do.
.
.
记着／忘记要做……
remember/forget
doing.
.
.
记着／忘记做过……
regret
to
do.
.
.
遗憾要做……
regret
doing.
.
.
后悔做了……
try
to
do.
.
.
努力／试图做……
try
doing.
.
.
试着做……
mean
to
do.
.
.
打算做……
mean
doing.
.
.
意味着做……
stop
to
do.
.
.
停下来去做（另一件事）
stop
doing.
.
.
停止做……
can't
help
to
do...不能帮着做……
can't
help
doing...禁不住做……
(5)用
it
作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing
形式
(6)介词
in
常可省略的几类句型
①主语
+have
a
problem/
trouble/difficulty/
a
good/hard
time
(+in)+doing...
②主语+spend
time（+in）+doing...
③主语+be
busy（+in）+doing...
(7)主动形式表被动意义need,
require,
want
作“需要”讲时，接动词-ing
形式作宾语,相当于不定式的被动形式。
主语+want/need/require
+doing/
to
be
done
主语需要被……
2.
动词
-ing
形式作表语
(1)
动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。
My
favourite
sport
is
swimming.
(=Swimming
is
my
favourite
sport.)我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
(2)
现在分词(短语)作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
The
news
is
quite
shocking,这消息很令人震惊。
注意：
作表语的动词-ing
形式,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有:moving,
interesting,
encouraging,
exciting,
inspiring,
boring,
surprising,
puzzling,
amusing,
astonishing等。这类词有“令人……的”的含义,常修饰物。
(3)区别
动名词(短语)作表语
表抽象的一般性的动作
动词不定式(短语)作表语
表一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
答案
重点词汇
1.
slightly
2.
to
assess
3.
down/over
PAGEUnit
4
Body
Language
Section
C
Using
Language&
Assessing
Your
Progress
学习目标
1、学会本节单词、短语。
2、完成关于肢体语言的写作。
词汇运用
1.
tendency
词性：____________
意思：_____________
tend
v.
往往会；趋向；倾向；照料；照管；护理
tend
to
do
sth
往往会发生某事；易于做某事
tend
to/
towards…
有……的趋势；趋于……
tend
(to)
sb/sth
照料/照管某人/某事
2.
occupy
词性：____________
意思：_____________
occupy
sb
with
(doing)
sth/
in
doing
sth.
使某人忙于（做）某事
occupied
adj.
忙于……的；被占领的
be
occupied
with
(=be
busy
with)
忙于……
be
occupied
(in)
doing
sth
(=be
busy
in
doing
sth)
忙于做某事
3.
stare
词性：____________
意思：_____________
词性：____________
意思：_____________
stare
at…
盯着……看
各种“看”：
stare
at
盯着看
gaze
at
凝视
glare
at
怒视
glance
at
瞥一眼
look
at
看
fix
one's
eyes
on
盯着看
4.
distinguish
词性：____________
意思：_____________
distinguish
(between)
A
and
B
区别/辨别A和B
distinguish
A
from
B
使A有别于B
distinguish
oneself
by…
靠……使自己有名气
5.
embarrassed
词性：____________
意思：_____________
be/feel
embarrassed
about/at…
因……而窘迫/尴尬
be
embarrassed
to
do
sth.
不好意思做某事
embarrass
vt.
使尴尬；使窘迫
It
embarrasses/embarrassed
sb.
to
do
sth.
做某事使某人尴尬
6.
ashamed
词性：____________
意思：_____________
be
ashamed
of…
为……感到羞耻/惭愧
be
ashamed
to
do
sth.
耻于做某事；因难为情不愿做某事
7.
bother
词性：____________
意思：_____________
词性：____________
意思：_____________
bother
sb.
with
sth.
为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother
about/with
sth.
为某事烦恼
bother
to
do
sth.
费心做某事
It
bother
sb.
to
do
sth./
that…
使某人苦恼的是……
8.
adjust
词性：____________
意思：_____________
词性：____________
意思：_____________
adjust…to…
根据……调节……
adjust
to
(doing)
sth.
适应于；习惯于
adjust
oneself
to
sth.
使自己适应于某物
make
adjustments
to
对……作出调整
句型解析
1.
People
have
a
tendency
to
lean
towards
whatever
they
are
interested
in.
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
Whatever
it
is,
I
know
I
need
to
inquire
and
assess
what
is
going
on.
不管是什么，我知道我需要调查和评估所发生的事情。
whatever
引导名词性从句和让步状语从句
Tell
me
whatever/anything
that
you
know
about
him.
把你知道的关于他的事情都告诉我。
I
agree
with
whatever/anything
that
he
says.
他说什么我都同意。
Whatever
matter
what
you
do,
I
will
be
for
you.
不管你做什么，我都会支持你。
Whatever
matter
what
happens,
you
should
stay
calm.
无论发生什么，你应该保持镇静。
注意：（1)
与
whatever具有类似用法的还有：
whoever=anyone
who/those
who
(名词性从句）
whoever=no
matter
who
(让步状语从句）
whichever=the
one
that
(名词性从句）
whichever=no
matter
which
(让步状语从句）
The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
to
whoever/anyone
who
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
谁在自行车比赛中夺得第一名金牌就归谁。
Choose
whichever/the
one
that
you
like
best.
选你最喜欢的那个。
Whichever
matter
which
they
choose,
we
must
accept
their
decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
（2)
no
matter
when/where/how=whenever/wherever/however,
引导让步状语从句。
2.
Of
course,
not
everyone
who
looks
up
is
paying
attention
in
class.
当然，不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。
部分否定
表示全体意义的词（如
all,
both,
every,
everything,
everybody,
everyone,
always
等）与否定副词
not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都……，并不总是……”。
All
the
people
didn't
arrive
on
schedule.
＝Not
all
the
people
arrived
on
schedule.
并非所有的人都按时到达。
Both
of
them
are
not
reliable.
＝Not
both
of
them
are
reliable.
他们两个人并非都可靠。
Actually,
everyone
isn't
fond
of
living
in
big
cities.
＝Actually,
not
everyone
is
fond
of
living
in
big
cities.
事实上，并非每个人都喜欢住在大城市。
注意：
全部否定表达法：表示全部否定意义的词（none,
neither,
nothing,
nobody,
never等）与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
None
of
us
could
persuade
him
into
giving
up
smoking.
我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。
Nobody
can
recognize
you
in
the
crowd.
没有人能在人群中认出你。
3.
Students
who
are
angry,
afraid,
or
experiencing
anxiety
may
have
their
arms
crossed
in
front
of
their
chests
and
their
legs
closed
or
crossed,
like
they
are
guarding
their
bodies.
生气、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前，他们的腿并拢或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体。
have
sth.
done
“have
sth.
done”结构主要表示以下含义：
①使某事被做（强调被动意义，以上句子就是此种含义）；
②请别人做某事；
③
主语遭遇到某种不幸的事。
He
managed
to
have
the
work
finished
yesterday.
他昨天努力把这项工作做完了。
With
the
new
year
approaching,
you
should
have
your
hair
cut.
新年快到了，你应该理发了。
My
uncle
was
depressed
because
he
had
his
car
stolen.
我叔叔很难过，因为他的车被偷了。
【归纳拓展】
have
sb.
do
sth.
让某人做某事
have
sth.to
do
有某事需要做
can't/
won't
have
sb.
doing
sth.
不能容忍某人做某事
写作天地
请根据以下提示，以“The
Importance
of
Making
Eye
Contact"为题写一篇英语短文。
（1）人们更愿意相信直视他们的人说的话；
（2）讲话时看着别人的眼睛会让你看起来很自信；
（3）讲话时看着别人的眼睛是尊重的标志。
注意：（1）
可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（2）
词数80左右。
The
Importance
of
Making
Eye
Contact
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
One
Possible
Version:
The
Importance
of
Making
Eye
Contact
Eye
contact
is
a
form
of
body
language,
which
is
not
only
important
but
also
necessary
in
communication.
To
begin
with,
people
prefer
to
believe
the
words
of
people
who
look
them
in
the
eye.
In
addition,
you
look
very
confident
if
you
look
others
in
the
eye
while
talking.
People
who
are
listening
to
you
will
take
what
you
say
more
seriously.
Finally,
making
eye
contact
while
talking
with
others
is
a
sign
of
respect.
When
you
are
looking
someone
in
the
eye,
he
knows
he
has
your
full
attention.
In
a
word,
make
eye
contact
when
communicating
with
others.
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