外研版(2019)必修二课时学案：Unit4 Stage and screen Using language Word版含解析

Unit 4 Stage and screen
Period?2? Using language?知识点梳理
单元语法精讲精练－v+ing形式做状语
I.语法感知
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1.Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times，I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town! 2.Dating back to the 18th century，Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
3.Using such techniques，the opera has transformed a small stage into the whole universe.
4.Many people thought she didn’t live up to Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”，influencing opinions of the movie to some extent.
1．加黑部分组成的短语在句子中作时间状语的是句2；作结果状语的是句4；作原因状语的是句1；作方式状语的是句3。
2．句1中v.?ing形式为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
3．观察句1～4可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。
II.语法精析
一、动词的?ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．时间状语
动词的?ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after引出。
(1)Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn’t help jumping.
听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。
(2)Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations)，we are ready for the examination.
做了充分的准备之后，我们准备参加考试。
2．原因状语
可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。
(1)Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night.
由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。
(2)Having lived in the city for many years(＝Since I had lived in the city for many years)，I knew it well.
因为在这个城市住了多年，所以我对它很了解。
3．条件状语
可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。
(1)Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
(2)Not making good use of the time(＝If you don’t make good use of the time)，you’ll regret.
如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。
4．方式或伴随状语
不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。
(1)The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)．
女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。
(2)He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)．
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
5．结果状语
表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。
His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money)．
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
6．让步状语
可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。
(1)Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
(2)Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind)，I still wanted to play.
尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。
二、动词?ing形式作状语的注意事项
1．逻辑主语
动词?ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
Being ill，he didn’t attend the wedding.
因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)
2．独立结构
有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.?ing”。
She being ill，her mother had to look after her at home.她生病了，母亲不得不在家照顾她。
The meeting being over，we went to play football.
会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。
3．独立成分作状语
有些动词?ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：
generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来
judging from/by根据……来判断
considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到
supposing假设；如果
providing如果
assuming假使
Generally speaking，as a foreign language Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.
一般说来，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语更难学。
4．连词＋现在分词
由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。
Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university.
＝Though they lacked money，his parents managed to send him to university.
尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。
III.高考链接
A.单句语法填空
1.China’s approach to protecting its environment while__________(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.
2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，__________(allow) more patients to be treated.
3.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，__________(make) air conditioning unnecessary.
4.__________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
5.__________(select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor.
6.Not__________ (know) what to do，the children had to wait for their parents to come back.
7.__________(hear) the signal，people ran out of the building.
8.__________(judge) from the appearance，it is very peaceful，but in fact，a war will break out soon.
１.feeding ２.allowing ３.making ４.Having worked
５.Having selected ６.knowing ７.Hearing ８.Judging
B.用现在分词做状语形式完成句子
9.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，I’m satisfied with your performance.就个人而言，我满意你的表现。
10.Football is played all over the world，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。
11.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in classroom，the pupils began to talk freely.
由于教室里没有老师，学生们开始自由交谈。
12.I stood by the door，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
13.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，he still couldn’t succeed.
尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。
14.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，you’ll get to the town at dusk.
如果早点出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。
15．The fire lasted a whole night, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。
16.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，he made a promise that he wouldn’t make the same mistake.
因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。
答案：
9.Personally speaking 10.making it a popular sport
11.There being no teacher 12.not daring to say a word
13.Having tried many times 14.Setting off earlier
15.causing great damage 16.Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manner
C.单句写作
1.长话短说，安排这次会议是你的责任。
______________________________________________________________
2.由于缺乏足够的资金，他们只好放弃了这项计划。
______________________________________________________________
3.如果得到去国外学习的机会，他将尽最大努力提升自己。
______________________________________________________________
4.他没做出数学试卷上的最后一道题，致使他失去了上理想大学的机会。
______________________________________________________________
5.尽管努力工作了一整天，他仍然感到精力充沛。
______________________________________________________________
6.女孩们一起坐在房子前面，有说有笑。
______________________________________________________________
答案：
1.Briefly speaking，it’s your duty to make arrangements for the meeting.
2.Lacking enough money，they had to give up the plan.
3.Getting the chance to study abroad，he will try his best to improve himself.
4.He failed to work out the last question in the maths paper，making him lose the chance to enter his ideal university.
5.Working hard all the day，he still felt energetic.
6.The girls sat together in front of the house，talking and laughing.