外研版(2019)必修二课时学案：Unit6 Earth first Period 1 Starting out Word版含解析

Unit
6
Earth
first
Period?1?
Starting?out?and?Understanding?ideas?知识点梳理
I.词汇精讲·对接高考
知识点1.【原句】Sharks
don’t
target
humans.鲨鱼不把人作为攻击目标。
target
vt.把……当作批评对象；以……为攻击目标
n．目标；靶；受批评的对象
【考点归纳】
※target
sth.on/at...把某物对准……
※aim
at
the
target瞄准目标
hit/miss
the
target
中/脱靶
【例句】
①This
retired
old
man
has
been
targeted
for
one
of
his
blog
posts
on
the
Internet.
这位退休的老人因其网上的一个博客帖子而成为攻击的目标。
②We’ll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
which
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
我们将在一个月内达到年初设定的销售目标。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①This
TV
show
about
wildlife
is
mainly
targeted
at/on
the
factories
which
have
been
polluting
the
environment.这个关于野生动物的电视节目主要针对那些污染环境的工厂。
②To
hit(hit)
the
target，you
have
to
aim
at
it.
为击中目标，你必须瞄准它。
知识点2.【原句】Now，she
is
a
model
and
performance
artist
devoted
to
ocean
conservation.
现在，她是一个致力于海洋保护的模特和表演艺术家。
devote
vt.献身；专心于(常与介词to连用)
【考点归纳】
※devote...to...把……奉献给；把……专注于
devote
oneself
to致力于；献身于
※devoted
adj.深爱的；忠诚的
be
devoted
to专心于；致力于
※devotion
n．关爱；奉献
【例句】
①As
we
all
know，he’s
a
generous，devoted，active
and
warm?hearted
man.
众所周知，他是一个慷慨大方、忠诚、积极又热心的人。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①I
don’t
think
we
should
devote
any
more
time
to
persuading(persuade)
such
a
stubborn
man
to
change
his
mind.我认为我们不应该花时间去说服这么顽固的一个人改变主意。
②He
is
so
devoted
to
his
English
teaching
that
I
admire
him
for
his
devotion.(devote)
他如此深爱他的英语教学，以至于我对他的奉献感到敬佩。
知识点3.【原句】In
recent
years，we
have
seen
large
areas
of
wetland
that
were
damaged
by
human
activity.在最近几年里，我们发现了大面积的被人类活动破坏的湿地。
damage
n．&
vt.损失；损害
【考点归纳】
※cause/do
damage
to对……造成损害；损害……
※damage
one’s
health损害某人的健康
【例句】
①Damage
caused
by
the
earthquake
disaster
can’t
be
ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
【对接高考】·完成句子
①This
could
cause
serious
damage
to
our
environment.
这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。
②As
we
all
know，smoking
can
damage
our
health.
众所周知，吸烟会损害我们的健康。
知识点4.【原句】We’ve
also
seen
droughts
and
floods
caused
by
these
changes，which
affect
the
water
supply
downstream.
我们也看到了这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这影响了下游的供水。
affect
vt.影响；对……有影响；侵袭；感动
【考点归纳】
※be
affected
by被……侵袭/感动
※effect
n．影响；结果；效力
have
an
effect
on/upon对……有影响
in
effect实际上；在实施中，有效
come
into
effect生效；开始实施
take
effect起作用
※effective
adj.有效果的
【例句】
①When
I
was
50，my
weight
problem
began
to
affect
me
seriously.
当我50岁时，体重问题开始严重地影响我。
②To
some
extent，the
measure
the
government
has
taken
has
a
great
effect
on/upon
the
remote
villages.
在某种程度上，政府采取的这项措施已经对那些偏远的山村产生了极大的影响。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①We
were
deeply
affected
by
the
news
of
her
death.
她死亡的消息使我们非常伤感。
②In
effect
(affect)，he
didn’t
like
the
new
film
at
all.
实际上，他根本不喜欢这部新电影。
③Do
you
know
when
the
new
traffic
rules
came
into
effect
(affect)？
你知道新交规是什么时候生效的吗？
④The
government
will
take
some
effective(effect)
measures
to
deal
with
it.
政府会采取一些有效的措施来处理它。
II.重点短语精讲精练
知识点1.【原句】What
environmental
problem
does
each
cartoon
refer
to？
每幅卡通画涉及的是什么环境问题？
refer
to查阅；参考；谈到；涉及；指的是
【考点归纳】
※refer
to...as...把……当作……；称……为……
refer...to...把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
※reference
n．谈及；提及；参考；查阅
名师点津：在表示“查阅”之意时，refer
to后多接参考资料(词典、书籍等)；look
up多接查询的内容。
【例句】
①The
scientist
referred
to
the
discovery
as
the
most
exciting
new
development
in
this
field.
这位科学家将这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新进展。
②If
he
gives
you
any
more
trouble，refer
him
to
me.
如果他再找你麻烦，叫他来找我。
【对接高考】·[一词多义]　
写出下列句中refer
to的汉语意思
①What
does
the
underlined
word
“stumbles”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to？指的是
②She
referred
to
the
last
page
of
the
book
for
answers.
查阅
③These
books
refer
to
Asian
problems.
涉及
知识点2.【原句】People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks，but
Jaws
made
things
worse.
人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但是《大白鲨》使得情况更糟糕。
be
scared
of
sb./sth.害怕某人/某事
【考点归纳】
※(be)
scared
to
death吓死了
be
scared
to
do
sth.害怕/不敢做某事
※scare
v．使(某人)惊恐；吓唬
scare
sb.into
doing
sth.恐吓某人做某事
scare
sb.to
death把某人吓得要死
scare
sb.away/off将某人吓跑
【例句】
①She
is
scared
of
surfing
on
the
sea
while
her
brother
is
fond
of
it.
她害怕在海上冲浪，然而她弟弟非常喜爱。
②Some
parents
try
to
scare
their
children
into
behaving
well.
有些父母试图用吓唬的办法使孩子们守规矩。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①Rock
climbing
was
a
fun
thing
but
I
was
scared
to
death(die)
from
the
start.
攀岩很有趣，但开始时我吓得要死。
②She
was
scared
to
go(go)
to
the
beach
because
she
had
seen
crocodiles
there.
她不敢去海滩，因为在那儿她见过鳄鱼。
知识点3.【原句】This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning.
这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼，而且还是因为切去鱼鳍。
due
to由于……；因为
【考点归纳】
due
adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
be
due
to
do
sth.预定/计划做某事
be
due
to
sb.应支付/给予/归于某人
名师点津：due
to可在句中作表语、定语或状语。
【例句】
①Due
to
the
wrong
route
they
took，they
spent
more
time
than
expected
getting
to
the
destination.
由于选择了错误的路线，他们用了比预计多的时间到达目的地。
②Mistakes
due
to
carelessness
may
have
serious
results.
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①The
boat
is
due
to
arrive
(arrive)
at
12，so
remember
to
meet
me
on
time.
船预计在12点到，记着准时去接我。
②Thank
you
for
delivering
my
goods
here.Ten
dollars
is
due
to
you.
多谢你把货物送到这儿，我应付你10美元。
知识点4.【原句】In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
在1980年，本奇正在潜水，这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。
come
across(偶然)遇见
【考点归纳】
come
out出版；开花
come
about发生
come
up出现；被提出
come
up
with提出；想出
【例句】
She
came
across
some
old
photos
in
the
case
before
she
left
for
Shanghai.
去上海前，她在箱子里偶然翻到了一些老照片。
【对接高考】·【选词填空】
从以上方框中选择合适的短语填空
①She
has
a
mental
toughness
that
did
not
come
about
by
chance.
②I
wonder
when
the
matter
will
come
up
for
discussion?
③She
came
up
with
a
new
suggestion
to
solve
the
problem
last
night.
III.重点句型精讲精练
知识点1.【原句】In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
在1980年，本奇正在潜水，这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。
【考点归纳】
be
doing
sth.when...正在做某事这时突然……。when为并列连词，相当于and
just
at
that
time。
be
about
to
do...when
...正要做……这时……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...正要做……这时……
had
just
done...when...刚刚做完……这时……
【例句】
①I
was
walking
along
the
street
when
I
heard
my
name
called.
我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
②I
was
on
the
point
of
telephoning
him
when
his
letter
arrived.
我正要给他打电话，这时他的信到了。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①We
were
about
to
start
when
it
began
to
rain.
我们正要动身，这时突然下起雨来。
②I
had
just
finished（finish）
my
test
paper
when
the
bell
rang，announcing
the
exam
was
over.
我刚完成试卷这时宣告考试结束的铃声响了。
知识点2.【原句】Fortunately，not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks...
幸运的是，并不是所有看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都害怕鲨鱼……
【考点归纳】
该句是表示部分否定的句型。not
everyone
...＝everyone
...not
...，意为“并非每个人都……”。
当not与all，
both，
everyone，
everybody，
everything以及“every＋名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
名师点津：当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no，none，nobody，nothing，no
one，neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。
【例句】
None
of
us
was
allowed
to
go
there.
我们全都不被允许去那里。
【对接高考】·同义句转换
①Every
boy
is
not
interested
in
sports.
＝Not
every
boy
is
interested
in
sports.
并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
②As
far
as
I
know，not
both
of
them
smoke.
＝As
far
as
I
know，both
of
them
don’t
smoke.
据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。