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介词习题
(2020全国II)This shop will be closed for repairs _______ further notice.
（2020浙江卷）I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.
（2020四川）Nick, it’s good for you to read some books _____ China before you start your trip there.
(2019·全国Ⅰ) Modern methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
5. (2019·全国II)I work not because I have to, because I want to.
6. (2016·10月浙江) Drinking my iced coffee，I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.
7. (2018·全国Ⅲ) I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
8．(2017·全国Ⅰ) This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
9．(2017·全国Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
10．(2017·全国Ⅱ) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.
11.(2020.沈阳5月份模拟)______ time, when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
12.(2020.浙江二模) In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.
13.Can you make sense ________ what this writer is saying
14.I’d appreciate it if you could make helpful comments ________ my work.
15.The subject of the talk is announced a week ________ advance.
16.It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should adopt the homeless child.
13.Nobody knew why he was often heavily _________________debt.
14.I'm writing to offer my congratulations to you ________ winning the gold medal.
15.（2019.全国卷III）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs，seven to be exact.
16.（2018.全国卷II）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
17.（2018.全国卷III）I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
18.(2017.全国卷Ⅰ) This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease
19.（2020.大庆实验质检）For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
20.（2019.邢台一中期末） the same time, they warm up again for the night.
21.There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed the amount of information.
22.Imagine you are a student and you share a flat ________another student who you think isn't doing her share of the housework.
23.The other person will have more respect for you the future if you do that.
24So angry was he that he couldn't speak even a word, but stared _______ her.
25.The weight-loss pills that Amy took had side effects _______ her health and caused her liver to fail.
26. The boy didn’t want the pictures to remind him ___ the suffering he experienced.
27. There is no such thing ______ failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.
28.（2019.北京卷）First celebrated ______ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
29.（2018.浙江卷）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
30.(2017.全国卷Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
31.(2016·全国卷I )But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s
32.(2020·郑州一中三模) In recent years, stress has been regarded ____ a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
has been regarded
33.(2020·烟台一中一模) The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
34.It’s unfair that he gets away _________________ cheating because he’s a famous author.
35.Which opinion you agree with is up ________ you.
36.Both the Summer and the Winner Olympics are held every four years ________a regular basis.
37.The nurse feels proud that she can help here and there, and make a difference ________ people's lives.
38.We should not judge a person ________ his appearance but people make that mistake from time to time.
39.Playing these games can lead ________ anti-social behaviour.
40.（2018.全国卷I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
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介词习题解析版
(2020全国II)This shop will be closed for repairs _______ further notice.
【答案】 until
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：另行通知以前这家店将停业整顿。until意为直到。故填until。
（2020浙江卷）I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______.
【答案】 for
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：我经常想做我之前受过培训的工作。for表示目的，意为“为了”符合语境，故填for。
（2020四川）Nick, it’s good for you to read some books _____ China before you start your trip there.
【答案】 for
【解析】考查介词用法。on 表示“关于”，some books on China 意为“关于中国的书”故填on。
(2019·全国Ⅰ) Modern methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
【答案】 for/of
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
5. (2019·全国II)I work not because I have to, because I want to.
【答案】 but
【解析】考查介词用法。not … but … 意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
6. (2016·10月浙江) Drinking my iced coffee，I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.
【答案】 from
【解析】考查介词用法。from... ... to 从... 到...。故填from。
7. (2018·全国Ⅲ) I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
【答案】 for
【解析】考查介词用法。search for寻找，为固定搭配。故填for。
8．(2017·全国Ⅰ) This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】 as
【解析】考查介词用法。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法。as表示“作为”，故填as。
9．(2017·全国Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
【答案】 in
【解析】考查介词用法。get a degree in在……方面获得学位，是固定搭配。
10．(2017·全国Ⅱ) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.
【答案】 from
【解析】考查介词用法。和and前的to对应，用from。to and from意为“来回”。
11.(2020.沈阳5月份模拟)______ time, when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
【答案】over
【解析】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，当人口逐渐增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮的快一点。Over time意为“随着时间的推移”，故填over.
12.(2020.浙江二模) In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with.
13.Can you make sense ________ what this writer is saying
【答案】of
【解析】考查固定短语和介词of。句意：你能理解这位作者在说什么吗？结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语“理解”，make sense of意为“理解”。设空处需填介词of。故填of.
14.I’d appreciate it if you could make helpful comments ________ my work.
【答案】on\about
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果你能对我的工作提出有益的意见，我将不胜感激。根据comments 与my work之间的关系，可知要用介词on/about。make comments on /about...对......发表评论/意见，固定短语。故填on\about .
15.The subject of the talk is announced a week ________ advance.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：谈话的主题提前一周宣布。in advance提前，是固定短语，故填in.
16.It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should adopt the homeless child.
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定搭配和介词。句意：他突然想到要收养那个无家可归的孩子。sth. occur to sb.某人突然想到某事，固定搭配。故填to.
13.Nobody knew why he was often heavily _________________debt.
【答案】in
【解析】考查固定短语或介词in。句意：没人知道为什么他经常债台高筑。in debt欠债，固定短语，故填in.
14.I'm writing to offer my congratulations to you ________ winning the gold medal.
【答案】on
【解析】句意：我写信是为了祝贺你获得金牌。congratulations to sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事，固定短语。故填on.
15.（2019.全国卷III）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查固定短语。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of.
16.（2018.全国卷II）Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。根据句中的less可知,此处表示比较,故填than.
17.（2018.全国卷III）I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。search for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。故填for.
18.(2017.全国卷Ⅰ) This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：这种趋势是由医学界开始的，是一种对抗心脏病的方法，它产生了一些意想不到的副作用，如超重和心脏病。as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。故填as.
19.（2020.大庆实验质检）For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。故填by.
20.（2019.邢台一中期末） the same time, they warm up again for the night.
【答案】At
【解析】考查介词。“at the same time”意为“与此同时”，是固定短语。故填At.
21.There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed the amount of information.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定搭配。be overwhelmed with忙着做…；句意：有很多的材料都很适合你的研究，这就意味着你将忙于筛选各种信息。故填with.
22.Imagine you are a student and you share a flat ________another student who you think isn't doing her share of the housework.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定搭配。固定短语share with意思是和…分享。该句意思为：想象你是一个学生并且和其他一个你认为她不愿意做她那份家务的学生合租一间公寓。故填with.
23.The other person will have more respect for you the future if you do that.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词短语。固定短语In the future表示在未来。该句意思为：如果你那样做，在未来，一些人会对你更加尊敬。故填in.
24So angry was he that he couldn't speak even a word, but stared _______ her.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。句意：他如此的生气以至于他一句话都说不出来，就是盯着她看。"盯着看"用stare at，是固定短语，故填at.
25.The weight-loss pills that Amy took had side effects _______ her health and caused her liver to fail.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：艾米吃的减肥药对她的健康有副作用，导致她的肝脏衰竭。have side effects on对……有副作用，固定短语。故填on.
26. The boy didn’t want the pictures to remind him ___ the suffering he experienced.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。句意：那男孩不想让这些照片使他想起所经历的痛苦。remind sb. of sth.是固定搭配，意思是“提醒某人干某事，使某人想起某事”，故填of.
27. There is no such thing ______ failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：世间并不存在“失败”，那不过是生活想让我们换个方向走走罢了。such…as…像……样的……，固定结构。故填as.
28.（2019.北京卷）First celebrated ______ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
【解析】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in.
29.（2018.浙江卷）If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果你不打算忍受这个问题，那么我建议下次你去你妈妈家吃饭的时候，从她那里得到一些烹饪技巧。动词短语go to your mums' home后用介词for表示目的。故填for.
30.(2017.全国卷Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。a degree in...指“某专业的学位”,专业前用介词in.
31.(2016·全国卷I )But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：但是我与熊猫的联系追溯到二十世纪八十年代，我在电视节目中的日子。go back to追溯到，该短语是固定短语，所以填to.
32.(2020·郑州一中三模) In recent years, stress has been regarded ____ a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
has been regarded
【解析】考查介词。句意：近年来，压力被认为一系列医疗问题的原因，从高血压到精神疾病。be regarded as“被认为是。。。”, 故填as.
33.(2020·烟台一中一模) The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。熊猫妈妈继续照看孩子超过两年，介词for加时间，表示一段，故填for.
34.It’s unfair that he gets away _________________ cheating because he’s a famous author.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：因为他是著名的作家逃脱惩罚是不公平的。get away with逃脱惩罚，是固定短语。故填with.
35.Which opinion you agree with is up ________ you.
【答案】to
【解析】本题考查介词。句意：你同意哪个观点取决于你自己。up to由……决定，固定短语。结合句意，故填to.
36.Both the Summer and the Winner Olympics are held every four years ________a regular basis.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：夏季和冬季奥运会每四年举行一次。on a regular basis定期地，固定短语。结合句意，故填on.
37.The nurse feels proud that she can help here and there, and make a difference ________ people's lives.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。短语make a difference to意思是“对……产生影响”，是固定搭配，故填to.
38.We should not judge a person ________ his appearance but people make that mistake from time to time.
【答案】by/from
【解析】考查介词by/from和固定搭配。句意：我们不应该根据一个人的外貌来判断一个人，但是人们不时地会犯那个错误。judge by/from是固定短语搭配“根据……判断”，故填by/from.
39.Playing these games can lead ________ anti-social behaviour.
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：玩这些游戏会导致反社会行为。lead to是固定词组，意思是导致，通向，故填to.
40.（2018.全国卷I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比, 跑步对延长寿命更有效。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than.故填than.
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介词学案
方位介词
1.图解常见的方位介词
2.存在对应关系的几组介词
介词 意义 反义词
on 在……上(与物体表面有接触)
over 在……正上方(与物体表面没有接触)
above 在……斜上方(与物体表面没有接触)
into 进入
to 到……，向……
3．along, through, across, over
Along 表示“沿着”
Through意为“穿过”，表示从内部空间通过
Across表示“横穿”，强调从某一物体的表面通过
Over意为“越过”，表示从……上方过去
Eg：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, _______ deserts,_______ mountains, __________ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
at, on, to, in，off
at 后接__________________,on表示__________________,to表示__________________,n表示__________________,off表示__________________,
Eg：Huadian is on the southeast of Changchun; Baicheng lies to the northwest of Changchun and all of them are in Jilin Province.
5．between, among
(1)between在……之间(指两者)，常和and连用。
The building stands between the park and the river.
(2)among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。
Among the visitors, he is the oldest.
二、时间介词
1．in, on，at
in后加年份月份等某段较长的时间；on后加具体的日期或特定的日子；at后加具体时刻。
_____ 2021\ ______ October，_____ October 1st\ _____ a sunny day， ___ 9:00 am
2．in, after
in表时间，常表示“在……之内”，有时in还有“在……之后”的意思, 其后要加断时间。after 也有“在……之后”的意思, 其后要加时间点。
My father will be back______ three days.
My father will be back ______ three o’clock.
for, from, since
for 后接段时间，表示行为延续的时间。
from 加点时间，表示时间的起始。
since后接点时间，表示“自从”，与现在完成时连用。
Eg: Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there_____ almost fifteen years after his retirement.
My younger sister began to learn dance _____ the age of five.
Tom has been doing his homework _____ seven o’clock.
4．during, through, over
(1)during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。
He swims every day __________ the summer.
(2)through：在……期间；从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同)。
Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family_______ his father’s illness.
(3)over：在(做)……期间；此外，over还有“贯穿(一时间段)”的意思，相当于during。
We had a pleasant chat________ a cup of tea.
He will stay in Wales ___________ Christmas and the New Year.
5．before, by, until, till
(1)before：早于；在……之前。
The new road will be completed _______ the end of the year.
(2)by的用法
①表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”。
All of you are to arrive at school ______ seven o’clock.
②表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。
(3)until和till的用法
until是比较正式的用法。多与否定形式词语连用，表示“直到...才”，till意义与until相同但不与否定形式连用。
I didn’t go to sleep _________ midnight.
He works from morning _______ night, day after day.
三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词
1．by, in, on
三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词前用by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea, by water, by land, by air等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by，名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。
(3)步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如：on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on a camel等。
(4)当交通方式前有特定词语修饰时，用on或in。如on this plan, on my bike 等。
2．with, in，by
有形with无形by语言、单位、材料in
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
Please answer me in English.
We study English by reading native books.
注意以下固定短语：
on/over the telephone/radio通过电话/广播
in this/that way by this/that means with this/that method 用这/那种方式
四、其他常考介词
1．except, except for, but, besides, apart from
2．against的用法
3.beyond
超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及，(在空间上)在……的那一边，远于
(时间)晚于；迟于
4.by
①(时间)不迟于，在……之前 The documents need to be ready by next Friday.
②(位置)靠近，在……旁边/附近 On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
③表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据，按照，以……计算”，常用于结构“by＋the＋单数可数名词”Parcel post is charged by weight and mileage, without reference to contents.
④(表示程度、数量)相差 The price of oil fell by a further 2 dollars a barrel.
⑤经过，经由 He walked right by me without even saying hello.
⑥靠，用，通过(某种方式、手段)You can reserve the tickets by phone.
5.with
实战演练
1、(2020全国II)This shop will be closed for repairs _______ further notice.
2、(2019·全国Ⅰ) Modern methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
3、(2017 全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界)______ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
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介 词
Preposition
Lead in
One day,Tom and Jerry wanted to meet each
other. But they were in different countries, they
decided to meet in Jilin--Jerry's home. They kept
in touch with each other with phone. Let's
see what they said.
Lead in
Hey Jerry, where are you I have arrived
at the airport!
Oh sorry,I've just left my home. I got
up late this morning because I felt tired.
You know that I always feel bad in July.
Lead in
Are you OK Take care of yourself. By the way,
can you arrve in Jilin in the morning
Sure I can. I will get there by 9 :00 am.(最晚)
Lead in
That's OK. I will have a meeting on Sunday.
Do you want me to buy some food for you
Thank you. I'd like every kind of food
except (除了) noodle. I really don't like
it.
Lead in
Why I think it is delicious! It is just made from
flour! Oh, I see a plane flying over the airport.
You will get to Jilin at 8:00 am. And see
you then.
Lead in
in on of for from by
except at to
介词
(一)方位介词
1.图解常见的方位介词
Presentation
2.存在对应关系的几组介词
介词 意义 反义词
on 在……上(与物体表面有接触) beneath
over 在……正上方(与物体表面没有接触) under
above 在……斜上方(与物体表面没有接触) below
into 进入 out of
to 到……，向…… from
介词 用法 例句
along 表示“沿着” I saw them running together along the road yesterday.
through 意为“穿过”，表示从内部空间通过 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
across 表示“横穿”，强调从某一物体的表面通过 over 意为“越过”，表示从……上方过去 3．along, through, across, over
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介词 用法 例句
at 其后一般接较小的地点。 She lives at 105 Jiefang Road.
on 表示 接壤 Huadian is on the southeast of Changchun; Baicheng lies to the northwest of Changchun and all of them are in Jilin Province.
to 表示范围之外 in 表示在范围之内 off 表示隔一段距离 I live ina flat just off the park。
4．at, on, to, in，off
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5．between, among
(1)between在……之间(指两者)，常和and连用。
The building stands between the park and the river.
(2)among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。
Among the visitors, he is the oldest.
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1．in, on，at
in后加年份月份等某段较长的时间；on后加具体的日期或特定的日子；at后加具体时刻。
in 2021\ in October
on October 1st\ on a sunny day
at 9:00 am
(二)时间介词
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2．in, after
in表时间，常表示“在……之内”，有时in还有“在……之后”的意思, 其后要加断时间。after 也有“在……之后”的意思, 其后要加时间点。
My father will be back in three days.
My father will be back after three o’clock.
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2．for, from, since
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for 后接段时间，表示行为延续的时间。
from 加点时间，表示时间的起始。
since后接点时间，表示“自从”，与现在完成时连用。
Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.
My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o’clock.
3．during, through, over
(1)during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。
He swims every day during the summer.
(2)through：在……期间；从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同)。
Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father’s illness.
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(3)over：在(做)……期间；此外，over还有“贯穿(一时间段)”的意思，相当于during。
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.
我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。
He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and the New Year.
他将在威尔士度过圣诞和新年。
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(3)until和till的用法
until是比较正式的用法。多与否定形式词语连用，表示“直到...才”，till意义与until相同但不与否定形式连用。
I didn’t go to sleep until midnight.
He works from morning till night, day after day.
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1．by, in, on
三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词前用by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea, by water, by land, by air等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by，名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。
（三）表示工具、手段、方式的介词
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(3)步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如：on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on a camel等。
(4)当交通方式前有特定词语修饰时，用on或in。如on this plan, on my bike 等。
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2．with, in，by
有形with无形by语言、单位、材料in
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
Please answer me in English.
We study English by reading native books.
注意以下固定短语：
on/over the telephone/radio通过电话/广播
in this/that way by this/that means with this/that method
用这/那种方式
Presentation
介词 用法
with 多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状态的原因
for 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及reason, famous等词连用
from 常接抽象名词，表示自然或间接原因
of 用于某些形容词后，后接与感情相关的人或事
over 常用于带有感彩的动词如：cry, quarrel, laugh, sigh等词之后，叙述所发生事情的原因
（四）表示原因的介词
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Her face went red with anger.
The West Lake is famous for its scenery.
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（五）其他常考的介词
介词 意义 用法
except 除……外 指整体里面排除部分，其宾语为前面的整体概念词的同类语(一类人或物)
except for 除了…… 表示除去整体中的一部分，指对非同类事物的排除，它所叙述的事实或细节部分地修正了句子的主要意思
but 除……之外 常与nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, all, who等连用，此时可与except换用。后接名词、代词或不定式
besides 除……外 (尚)有 句中常有other, others, also, else等词，相当于in addition to
apart from 除……(别无)， 除……外(尚)有 可用来替换besides, except, except for等
1．except, except for, but, besides, apart from
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2．against的用法
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反对；违背； 与……相反 Are you for or against the plan
触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
与……竞争 We will be competing against the best companies in Europe.
防备，抵御 They took measures against the fire.
以……为背景，衬托 The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.
超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及 The problem is beyond him.
(在空间上)在……的那一边，远于 My home is 20 miles beyond the town.
(时间)晚于；迟于 The noise went on until beyond midnight.
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(时间)不迟于，在……之前 The documents need to be ready by next Friday.
(位置)靠近，在……旁边/附近 On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据，按照，以……计算”，常用于结构“by＋the＋单数可数名词” Parcel post is charged by weight and mileage, without reference to contents.
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(表示程度、数量)相差 The price of oil fell by a further 2 dollars a barrel.油价每桶又下降了两美元。
经过，经由 He walked right by me without even saying hello.他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。
靠，用，通过(某种方式、手段) You can reserve the tickets by phone.
你可以通过电话订票。
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和……一起，和，同，跟 Put this bag with the others.
把这个包和其他的包放在一起。
(表示同时或同一方向)随着 Temperatures vary with the time of the year.温度随时节而变化。
具有，带有 The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
由于，因为 He trembled with fear.他吓得发抖。
(表示方式)用 What will you do with the tool
你会用这件工具做什么？
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实战演练
(2020全国II)This shop will be closed for repairs _______
further notice.
until
解析：until意为直到。故填until。
(2019·全国Ⅰ) Modern methods ______ tracking polar
bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s.
of
解析:“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，
构成固定结构；故填of/for。
(2018·全国Ⅲ) I was searching ________ these three
western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
for
解析：search for寻找，为固定搭配。故填for。
(2019·全国II)I work not because I have to, _______
because I want to.
but
解析:not … but … 意为“不是……而是……”。
故填but。
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介词学案
方位介词
1.图解常见的方位介词
2.存在对应关系的几组介词
介词 意义 反义词
on 在……上(与物体表面有接触) beneath
over 在……正上方(与物体表面没有接触) under
above 在……斜上方(与物体表面没有接触) below
into 进入 out of
to 到……，向…… from
3．along, through, across, over
Along 表示“沿着”
Through意为“穿过”，表示从内部空间通过
Across表示“横穿”，强调从某一物体的表面通过
Over意为“越过”，表示从……上方过去
Eg：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
at, on, to, in，off
at 后接较小的地点,on表示接壤,to表示范围之外,in表示在范围之内,off表示隔一段距离.
Eg：Huadian is on the southeast of Changchun; Baicheng lies to the northwest of Changchun and all of them are in Jilin Province.
5．between, among
(1)between在……之间(指两者)，常和and连用。
The building stands between the park and the river.
(2)among在……之间(指三者或三者以上)。
Among the visitors, he is the oldest.
二、时间介词
1．in, on，at
in后加年份月份等某段较长的时间；on后加具体的日期或特定的日子；at后加具体时刻。
in 2021\ in October，on October 1st\on a sunny day， at 9:00 am
2．in, after
in表时间，常表示“在……之内”，有时in还有“在……之后”的意思, 其后要加断时间。after 也有“在……之后”的意思, 其后要加时间点。
My father will be back in three days.
My father will be back after three o’clock.
for, from, since
for 后接段时间，表示行为延续的时间。
from 加点时间，表示时间的起始。
since后接点时间，表示“自从”，与现在完成时连用。
Eg: Mr. Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.
My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o’clock.
4．during, through, over
(1)during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。
He swims every day during the summer.
(2)through：在……期间；从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同)。
Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father’s illness.
(3)over：在(做)……期间；此外，over还有“贯穿(一时间段)”的意思，相当于during。
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.
He will stay in Wales over\during Christmas and the New Year.
5．before, by, until, till
(1)before：早于；在……之前。
The new road will be completed before the end of the year.
(2)by的用法
①表示“不迟于……，在(某时)前”。
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o’clock.
②表示“在……期间，在……时间内”。
(3)until和till的用法
until是比较正式的用法。多与否定形式词语连用，表示“直到...才”，till意义与until相同但不与否定形式连用。
I didn’t go to sleep until midnight.
He works from morning till night, day after day.
三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词
1．by, in, on
三个词都可以表示旅行的方式。
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词前用by，名词前不带冠词。如：by sea, by water, by land, by air等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by，名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。
(3)步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如：on foot, on horseback/on a horse, on a camel等。
(4)当交通方式前有特定词语修饰时，用on或in。如on this plan, on my bike 等。
2．with, in，by
有形with无形by语言、单位、材料in
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
Please answer me in English.
We study English by reading native books.
注意以下固定短语：
on/over the telephone/radio通过电话/广播
in this/that way by this/that means with this/that method 用这/那种方式
四、其他常考介词
1．except, except for, but, besides, apart from
2．against的用法
3.beyond
超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及，(在空间上)在……的那一边，远于
(时间)晚于；迟于
4.by
①(时间)不迟于，在……之前 The documents need to be ready by next Friday.
②(位置)靠近，在……旁边/附近 On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
③表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据，按照，以……计算”，常用于结构“by＋the＋单数可数名词”Parcel post is charged by weight and mileage, without reference to contents.
④(表示程度、数量)相差 The price of oil fell by a further 2 dollars a barrel.
⑤经过，经由 He walked right by me without even saying hello.
⑥靠，用，通过(某种方式、手段)You can reserve the tickets by phone.
5.with
实战演练
1、(2020全国II)This shop will be closed for repairs until further notice.
2、(2019·全国Ⅰ) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
3、(2017 全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
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