中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考点05
形容词和副词
命题趋势
形容词、副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。近年来中考加大了对这部分内容的考查，约占全卷总分的6%左右。预计以后中考将继续考查形容词和副词用法的区别及它们比较级的用法。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。
考查题型：形容词和副词常出现在以下题型中：单项选择，完形填空和词语运用等。
考查重点：对形容词和副词的考查重点是：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法，形容词的位置，意思相近或相同的形容词和副词之间的辨析和使用。
形容词及其用法
定义：修饰名词/不定代词，用来说明事物或人的性质或特征的词叫形容词。一般放所修饰名词前作定语，也可独立作表语/宾补等。
1、形容词的作用。其作用如下图表。
作
用
例
句
定
语
①
this
is
an
interesting
story.
②
kitty
is
a
clever
cat.
表
语
①
Yao
Ming
is
very
tall.
②
our
classroom
is
big
and
bright.
宾语补足语
①
don't
make
your
hands
dirty.
②we're
trying
to
make
our
school
beautiful.
2、一些形容词的特殊用法
（1）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something,
anything,
nothing等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：
You'd
better
tell
us
something
interesting.
（2）形容词名词化：用形容词表示类别和整体
①某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人，谓语用复数。如：the
dead，the
living，the
rich，the
poor，the
blind，the
hungry。————
The
poor
are
losing
hope.
②有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词复数连用。the
British，the
English，the
French，the
Chinese.
————The
English
have
wonderful
sense
of
humor.
（3）else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did
you
see
anybody
else?
（4）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如:He
is
careful.
He
drives
carefully.
（5）多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)
--出处--材料性质，类别）
①
a
small
round
table
②
a
tall
gray
building
a
dirty
old
brown
shirt
a
famous
German
medical
school
an
expensive
Japanese
sports
car
◆【知识拓展】一
一、形容词分成性质形容词
+
叙述形容词，不一定都放在名词前面。
1、直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot
热的。
2、叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid
害怕的。
（错）He
is
an
ill
man.
（对）The
man
is
ill.
（错）She
is
an
afraid
girl.
（对）The
girl
is
afraid.
这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake
等。
3、以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词后。
例如：something
nice
二、以-ly结尾的形容词
1、大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但
friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：(错）
She
sang
lovely.
（错）
He
spoke
to
me
very
friendly.
（对）
Her
singing
was
lovely.
（对）
He
spoke
to
me
in
a
very
friendly
way.
2、有些以-ly
结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
①
The
Times
is
a
daily
paper.
②
The
Times
is
published
daily.
副词及其用法
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。
一、副词的分类：
时间副词（now,
today,
early,
sometimes,
already等）；
地点副词（outside,
inside,
upstairs,
here,
there,
home等）；
方式副词（quickly,
loudly,
suddenly,
fast,
luckily等）；
程度副词（very,
quite,
rather,
too,
much,
so等）；
疑问副词（when,
where,
why,
how,
how
long,
how
often等）；
关系副词（when,
where,
why,
how等）
二、副词的位置
多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：He
runs
slowly.
时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：
They
went
to
the
park
yesterday
morning.
I
heard
him
sing
English
songs
over
there.
频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前。如：
He
is
seldom
ill.
You
must
always
remember
this.
I
often
write
to
my
parents.
程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：
I
nearly
missed
the
bus.
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：
She
seldom
goes
out
at
night.
I
am
never
late
for
school.
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：When
can
you
come?
还有what，how，why，how
many等词。
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：
The
meeting
will
be
held
in
the
classroom
tomorrow.
三、副词的排列顺序：
1、时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。
2、方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。
Please
write
slowly
and
carefully.
3、多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意：副词very
可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
改错：(错)I
very
like
English.
(对)I
like
English
very
much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
I
don't
know
him
well
enough.
2、There
is
enough
food
for
everyone
to
eat.
There
is
food
enough
for
everyone
to
eat.
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est
tall(高的)
great(巨大的)
tallergreater
tallestgreatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-
le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的)large(大的)able（有能力的）
Nicer；largerabler
Nicest；largestablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾辅音字母，再加-er，-est
big(大的)hot
(热的)
biggerhotter
biggesthottest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est
easy(容易的)busy(忙的)
easierbusier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est
clever(聪明的)narrow(窄的)
cleverernarrower
cleverestnarrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。
important(重要的)easily(容易地)
more
importantmore
easily
most
importantmost
easily
2、不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good(好的)；well(健康的)
better
best
bad
(坏的)；ill(有病的)
worse
worst
old
(老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
more
most
little(少的)
less
least
far
(远的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
3、表示比较的基本句型
as+形容词或副词原级+as
（1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…
as。
He
cannot
run
so/as
fast
as
you.
（2）当as…
as
中间有名词时采用以下格式。as
+形容词+
a
+单数名词；as
+
many/
much
+名词
This
is
as
good
an
example
as
the
other
is.
I
can
carry
as
much
paper
as
you
can..
（3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
This
room
is
twice
as
big
as
that
one.
Your
room
is
the
same
size
as
mine.
（4）倍数+
as
+
adj.
+
as
<=>
倍数+
then
+
of
①
This
bridge
is
three
times
as
long
as
that
one.
②
This
bridge
is
three
times
the
length
of
that
one.
Your
room
is
twice
as
large
as
mine.
Your
room
is
twice
the
size
of
mine.
比较级形容词或副词+than
You
are
taller
than
I.
They
lights
in
your
room
are
as
bright
as
those
in
mine.
注意：
（1）要避免重复使用比较级。
(错)
He
is
more
cleverer
than
his
brother.
(对)
He
is
more
clever
than
his
brother.
(对)
He
is
clever
than
his
brother.
（2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错)
China
is
larger
that
any
country
in
Asia.
(对)
China
is
larger
than
any
other
countries
in
Asia.
（3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
The
population
of
Shanghai
is
larger
than
that
of
Beijing.
It
is
easier
to
make
a
plan
than
to
carry
it
out.
（4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。
比较：Which
is
large,
Canada
or
Australia?
Which
is
the
larger
country,
Canada
or
Australia?
She
is
taller
than
her
two
sisters.
She
is
the
taller
of
the
two
sisters.
the+最高级+比较范围
（1）The
Sahara
is
the
biggest
desert
in
the
world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
It
is
a
most
important
problem.
=It
is
a
very
important
problem.
注意：
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tom
is
the
tallest
of
his
three
brothers.
(对)Tom
is
the
tallest
of
the
three
brothers.
（2）下列词可修饰最高级，by
far,
far,
much,
mostly,
almost
This
hat
is
nearly
/
almost
the
biggest.
注意：a.
very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This
is
the
very
best.
This
is
much
the
best.
b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa
is
the
second
largest
continent.
（3）句型转换：
Mike
is
the
most
intelligent
in
his
class.
Mike
is
more
intelligent
than
any
other
students
in
his
class.
（4）"否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+
so…
as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing
is
so
easy
as
this.
=Nothing
is
easier
than
this.
=This
is
the
easiest
thing.
一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。
三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。
若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。
比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。
若甲乙程度相同，as…as结构体。
甲某方面不及乙，用notso/as…as表示。
上述内容全记起，比较等级谈完毕。
◆【知识拓展】二
1、可修饰比较级的词
（1）a
bit,
a
little,
rather,
much,
far,
by
far,
many,
a
lot,
lots,
a
great
deal,
any,
still,
even等
（2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
（3）以上词(除by
far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题
（1）----
Are
you
feeling
____?
----
Yes，I'm
fine
now.
A.
any
well
B.
any
better
C.
quite
good
D.
quite
better
答案：B.
any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
（2）The
experiment
was____
easier
than
we
had
expected.
A.more
B.much
more
C.much
D.more
much
答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。
（3）If
there
were
no
examinations,
we
should
have
___
at
school.
A.
the
happiest
time
B.
a
more
happier
time
C.
much
happiest
time
D.a
much
happier
time
2、many,
old和far
（1）如果后接名词时，much
more
+不可数名词
many
more
+可数名词复数
（2）old
有两种比较级和最高级形式:
older/oldest
和elder/eldest。
elder，eldest
只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My
elder
brother
is
an
engineer.
2、
Mary
is
the
eldest
of
the
three
sisters.
（3）far
有两种比较级，farther，further.
在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中，father
表示距离，further表示进一步。
I
have
nothing
further
to
say.
3、already和yet的区别
already用于陈述句，一般用于句中，但不能和时间状语放在一起，；yet用来谈某事在预料之中，用于疑问句时译为“已经”，用在否定句中译为“尚未，还没有”，一般都放于句末。
如：①
the
train
has
already
arrived.
i
have
already
read
the
book.
4、和more有关的词组
（1）the
more…
the
more…越……就越……
The
harder
you
work,
the
greater
progress
you'll
make.
（2）more
B
than
A与其说A不如说B；less
A
than
B
He
is
more
lazy
than
slow
at
his
work.
=
He
is
less
slow
than
lazy
at
his
work.
（3）no
more…
than…
与……一样……，不比……多
The
officials
could
see
no
more
than
the
Emperor.
（4）no
less…
than…与……一样……
He
is
no
less
diligent
than
you.
（5）more
than不只是，非常
She
is
more
than
kind
to
us
all.
5、兼有两种形式的副词
（1）close与closely
close意思是"近"；
closely
意思是"仔细地"
1.
He
is
sitting
close
to
me.
2.
Watch
him
closely.
（2）late
与lately
late意思是"晚"；
lately
意思是"最近"
1.
You
have
come
too
late.
2.
What
have
you
been
doing
lately?
（3）deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"
1、He
pushed
the
stick
deep
into
the
mud.
2、
Even
father
was
deeply
moved
by
the
film.
（4）high与highly
high表示空间高度；
highly表示程度，相当于much
1、The
plane
was
flying
high.
2、I
think
highly
of
your
opinion.
（5）wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"
1、He
opened
the
door
wide.
2、English
is
widely
used
in
the
world.
（6）free与freely
free的意思是"免费"；freely
的意思是"无限制地"
1、You
can
eat
free
in
my
restaurant
whenever
you
like.
2、You
may
speak
freely;
say
what
you
like.
◆【知识拓展】三
形容词变副词方式：?
1、在形容词词尾直接加-ly，构成副词。如：usual-usually,
bad-badly等。
[注]：不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词，某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。如：
sisterly,
brotherly,
friendly,
comradely,
lovely等。
2、以“辅音字母+
y”结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-ly，如：heavy-heavily,
happy-happily等，并且要注意这些单词的变化：polite-politely,
true-truly,
terrible-terribly等。
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考点05形容词和副词
形容词和副词训练
一、单项填空
1.
—Now
the
air
in
our
hometown
is
even
than
it
was
before.
—So
we
must
do
something
to
stop
it.
A.
better
B.
dirty
C.
more
better
D.
worse
2.
Jim
is
very
good
at
sports
and
he
is
to
play
basketball
well.
A.
too
old
B.
short
enough
C.
so
high
D.
tall
enough
3.
—
Mum,
could
I
have
an
MP3
like
this?
—
Certainly,
we
can
buy
one,
but
as
as
this.
The
price
of
this
is
a
little
high.
A.
a
cheap,
better
B.
a
cheaper,
good
C.
a
small,
good
D.
a
smaller,
better
4.
Beijing
is
becoming
and
.
A.
more
beautiful,
more
B.
beautiful,
beautiful
C.
more,
more
beautiful
D.
more
beautiful,
more
beautiful
5.
The
plan
sounds
.
I’m
sure
it
will
be
quite
useful.
A.
great
B.
terrible
C.
well
D.
quick
6.
Kate
is
really
.
She’s
never
angry
with
others.
A.
tall
B.
friendly
C.
luckily
D.
politely
7.
You
will
realize
the
importance
of
mastering
a
foreign
language
in
the
future.
A.
some
time
B.
some
times
C.
sometimes
D.
sometime
8.
My
bedroom
isn’t
Li
Ming’s.
A.
so
large
as
B.
small
than
C.
as
larger
as
D.
the
largest
9.
We
should
keep
in
the
reading
room.
A.
quite
B.
quietly
C.
quiet
D.
quickly
10.
Few
of
them
like
him
because
he
thinks
of
himself
than
of
others.
A.
much
B.
much
more
C.
much
less
D.
a
little
11.
I
think
each
student
should
have
an
English-Chinese
dictionary.
It’s
very
to
them.
A.
hopeful
B.
hopeless
C.
helpful
D.
helpless
12.
What
he
said
made
us
very
.
A.
happily
B.
surprised
C.
frightening
D.
angrily
13.
The
boy
doesn’t
speak
his
sister,
but
his
written
work
is
very
good.
A.
as
well
as
B.
so
good
as
C.
more
better
than
D.
more
worse
than
14.
Zhou
Feng
has
learned
English
for
many
years,
but
he
can
understand
the
English
speakers.
A.
hardly
B.
certainly
C.
always
D.
almost
15.
Although
it
rained
,
Yao
Ming’s
fans
still
waited
for
him
outside
the
hotel.
A.
strongly
B.
heavily
C.
hardly
D.
quickly
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.
When
summer
comes,
it
gets
and
(hot).
2.
This
street
is
one
of
the
(busy)
streets
in
the
city
of
Shenyang.
3.
Computers
now
are
much
(cheap)
than
before.
4.
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
(long)
river
in
China.
5.
His
grandfather
was
(terrible)
ill,
so
they
took
him
to
hospital
yesterday
afternoon.
6.
The
more
we
get
together,
the
(happy)
we
will
be.
7.
Which
country
is
(large)
in
population,
the
US
or
Canada?
8.
Watch
(care)
,
and
you
will
find
the
difference
between
the
two
pictures.
9.
Li
Peng
studies
(hard)
in
his
class.
10.
Who
speaks
English
(well),
Jim,
Tom
or
Lin
Tao?
三、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
all
good
new
sometimes
together
angry
still
many
most
difficult
When
I
was
three
years
old
just
before
my
sister
was
born,
my
mom
asked
me
what
we
should
name
the
__1__
baby.
I
said,
“Let’s
call
her
Gravy(肉汁)!”
You
know,
we
pour
gravy
over
meat
and
it
tastes__2__!
My
parents
found
my
idea
interesting,
but
named
the
new
baby
Caroline,
instead.
My
sister
changed
my
life.
we
often
got
into
fights
and
got
___3__with
each
other.
It
sometimes
drove
our
parents
__4__.
But
we
learned
to
forgive
each
other
when
we
got
angry.
In
North
America,
there
are
__5__
kinds
of
families,
but
__6__
families
have
a
boy
and
a
girl.
In
China,
most
children
don’t
have
brothers
or
sisters,
and
they
have
to
learn
those
things
in
other
ways,
which
is
__7__.
When
I
moved
away
to
university,
my
sister
told
me
she
wished
I
__8__lived
at
home.
She
wasn’t
used
to
getting
all
the
attention
from
my
parents.
But
Chinese
children
get
all
the
attention
for
__9__
their
life!
Some
middle
school
students
in
China
wish
they
had
a
brother
or
sister.
If
you
are
one
of
them,
I
have
a
__10__
idea
for
you.
Treat
your
friends
and
classmates
as
your
brothers
and
sisters!
四、完形填空
When
you’re
a
teenager(青少年),
it
seems
that
every
time
you
say,
“I
want
to
…”,
your
parents
answer,
“No,
you
can’t.”
__1__
people
further
complain
that
their
parents
do
not
understand
them.
When
something
goes
wrong,
__2__
parents
just
don’t
believe
in
their
children.
Without
asking
why,
they
think
their
kids
are
__3__.
And
not
many
parents
allow
their
kids
to
choose
for
themselves.
Yes,
it
is
__4__
that
your
parents
sometimes
treat
you
as
a
little
child.
But
remember
that
not
long
ago
you
were
__5__
a
child.
Your
parents
__6__
remember
the
childish
mistakes
you
used
to
make.
They
want
to
protect
you
though
you
don’t
want
them
to
do
so.
So,
if
you
want
to
get
7
freedom(自由),
please
try
to
understand
your
parents
and
don’t
lie
to
them.
Try
a
__8__
way.
If
you
want
them
to
allow
you
to
stay
out
__9__,
don’t’
just
say,
“All
the
other
kids
can
stay
out
late.”
Tell
them
as
much
as
you
can
about
what
you
want
to
do
and
where
you’ll
be
and
10
it’s
important
for
you
to
stay
out
late.
Then
they
just
might
say,
“yes”.
1.
A.
old
B.
older
C.
Young
D.
Younger
2.
A.
few
B.
many
C.
most
D.
more
3.
A.
badly
B.
wrong
C.
nice
D.
clear
4.
A.
well
B.
good
C.
truly
D.true
5.
A.
truly
B.true
C.
real
D.really
6.
A.
yet
B.
still
C.
already
D.
since
7.
A.
most
B.
least
C.
more
D.
less
8.
A.
more
friendly
B.
friendly
C.good
D.better
9.
A.
earlier
B.early
C.
later
D.
late
10.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
why
D.
which
【参考答案】
一、1-5DDBCA；6-10BDACB；11-15CBAAB
二、1.
hotter,
hotter
2.
busiest
3.
cheaper
4.
longest
5.
terribly
6.
happier
7.
larger
8.
carefully
9.
hardest
10.
best
三、1.new
2.delicious
3.angry
4.crazy
5.many
6.most
7.more
difficult
8.still
9.all
10.good
四、1-5CCBDD
6—10BCADC
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