中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考点08动词和动词短语
命题趋势
动词是英语语言中的第一大词,是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词,是组成句子的“骨架”,所以中考预测将会继续加强对动词和动词词组的考查,特别是对词义辨析及对动词的理解,动词短语的搭配及短语的辨析。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。
考查题型
中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战以后的中考时,考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。从命题形式来看,连词以单项选择、完形填空为主,词语填空等多种题型中以不同形式出现。
考查重点
1.
动词辨析;
2.
动词短语辨析。
概述:动词及种类
动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:
The
boy
runs
fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为
He
is
a
boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a
boy表示主语的状态
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
系动词的用法
连系动词本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。即连系动词表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。连系动词可具体分为三类:
1、表示“是”的动词be。它在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式。如:
He
was
a
soldier
two
years
ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)
We
are
Chinese.(我们是中国人。)
2、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become,
get,
grow,
turn,?都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:
She
became
a
college
student.(她成了一名大学生。)
He
feels
sick.
His
face
turns
white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)
3、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来)等,例如:
The
story
sounds
interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)
The
flowers
smell
sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)
情态动词的用法
这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can,
may,
must,
need,
dare,
could,
might等。它们没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思。
构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面;构成否定句时,not放在这些情态动词之后。可用它们的缩写形式(can’t,
cannot,
mustn’t等)。例如:
I
can
dance.(我会跳舞。)can,?能,?会
He
can’t
walk
because
he
is
a
baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t,?不必
May
I
come
in?(我可以进来吗?)may,?可以
助动词
这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:
He
does
not
speak
English
well.(他英语讲得不好。)句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。
Did
he
have
any
milk
and
bread
for
his
breakfast
?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。
A
dog
is
running
after
a
cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)
句中的is
是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
实义动词
实义动词又叫行为动词,是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语,有人称、数和时态的相应变化。例如:
I
live
in?Beijing?with
my
mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住
It
has
a
round
face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有
行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1、及物动词
动词后面必须接宾语,意思才完整,例如:
Give
me
some
ink,
please.(请给我一些墨水。)
If
you
have
any
questions,
you
can
raise
your
hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。)
2、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:
He
works
hard.(他工作努力。)
Please
look
at
the
blackboard
and
listen
to
me.(请看黑板,听我说。)
[难点解释]
1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:
Who
is
going
to
speak
at
the
meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)speak,
不及物动词
Few
people
outside
China
speak
Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词
2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:
He
is
waiting
for
you.(他在等你。)
英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。
Serve
the
people.(为人民服务。)
英语serve为及物动词,汉语“服务”为不及物动词。
【知识拓展】
持续动词与瞬间动词
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
1、持续性动词
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study,
play,
do,
read,
learn,
drive,
write,
clean,
slean,
sleep,
speak,
talk,
wait,
fly,
stay,
write,
sit,
stand,
lie,
keep等。
2、瞬间性动词
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin,
start,
finish,
go,
come,
leave,
find,
get
up,
arrive,
reach,
get
to,
enter,
hear,
stop,
open,
close,
become,
buy,
borrow,
lend,
happen,
join,
lose,
renew,
die,
take
away,
put
up,
set
out,
put
on,
get
on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
用法
1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:
He
has
studied
English
for
three
years.(他学英语已有3年了。)
He
has
joined
the
Party.(他已入党了。)
Mum
isn’t
at
home.
She
has
gone
to
the
library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:
His
parents
talked
with
the
teacher
for
half
an
hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)
My
mother
has
lain
in
bde
for
3
days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)
My
parents
have
lived
in
Shanghai
since
1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)
3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:
(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:
He
has
been
in
the
army/a
soldier
for
htree
years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has
joined
She
has
been
up
for
quite
some
time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has
got
up
Has
your
brother
been
away
from
home
for
a
long
time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has
left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:
1、go——be
away
2、come——be
here
3、come
back——be
back
4、leave——be
away(be
not
here)
5、buy——have
6、borrow——keep
7、die——be
dead
8、begin——be
on
9、finish——be
over
10、open——be
open
11、close——be
closed
12、lose——be
lost
13、get
to
know——know
14、turn
on——be
on
15、get
up——be
up
16、sit
down——sit/be
seated
17、join——be
in(…)或be
a…member
18、become——be
(2)用it
is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:
电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)
The
film
has
been
on
for
five
minutes.
It’s
five
minutes
since
the
film
began.
他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)
He
has
been
away
from
Shanghai
for
three
days.
It
is
three
days
since
he
left
Shanghai.
这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)
It’s
two
weeks
since
I
returned
the
book
to
the
library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)
How
long
is
it
since
be
found
his
sister?
4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:
I
haven’t
seen
you
for
a
long
time.(好久没见到你了。)
动词词形变化
动词在句子中充当谓语的同时,随着时态或语态的变化,也有自己的特有变化。
规则动词词形变化一览表:
规
则变
化
原形动词结尾情况
现在时单三人称
现
在
分
词
过去式和过去分词
一般情况
+s
+ing
+ed
s,x,ch,sh,o结尾
+es
+ing
+ed
辅音字母+y结尾
y→i,+es
+ing
y→i,+ed
重读闭音节一元一辅结尾
+s
双写辅音字母,+ing
双写辅音字母,+ed
不发音的e结尾
+s
去掉e,+ing
+d
ie结尾
+s
ie→y,+ing
+d
不规则变化
have→has;be→is
(无)
(见不规则动词变化表)
注意:①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
②s/es的读音规则:在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音后和元音后读[z];在[
s
]、[z]后读[iz].
③ed的读音规则:在清辅音后读[t];在浊辅音后和元音后读[d];在[t]、[d]后读[id].
be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化:
一
般
现
在
时
一
般
将
来
时
现
在
完
成
时
I
am….You
are.…He/She/It
is….We/You/They
are….
(I等各人称)
will
be….I
am
He/She/It
is
going
to
beWe/You/They
are
I
have
been….You
have
been….She/he/It
has
been….We/You/They
have
been….
一
般
过
去
时
过
去
将
来
时
过
去
完
成
时
I
was….You
were.…He/She/It
was….We/You/They
were….
(I等各人称)
would
be….I
was
He/She/It
was
going
to
bWe/You/They
were
I
had
been….You
had
been….She/he/It
had
been….We/You/They
had
been….
注意:句型变化时,
否定句在am
/is
/are
/will
/have
/has
/was
/were
/had
/would
后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t
(am后面not不可以缩写);
疑问句将am
/is
/are
/will
/have
/has
/was
/were
/had
/would
提前到句首。
其它谓语
(?..?/?中考英语语法考点08
——动词和动词短语.doc"
\l
"谓语?)动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表:
现在
时态
一
般
现
在
时
现
在
进
行
时
一
般
将
来
时
现
在
完
成
时
谓语动词构成
动词用原形(单三加s
/
es)(问句和否定句借用助词do
/
does)
amis
+动词-ingare
will
+
动词原形amis
+going
to+动词原形are
have
+过去分词has
过去
时态
一
般
过
去
时
过
去
进
行
时
过
去
将
来
时
过
去
完
成
时
谓语动词构成
动词用过去式(问句和否定句借用助词did)
was
+动词-ingwere
would
+
动词原形was+going
to+动词原形were
had
+过去分词
【知识拓展】不规则动词变化表
(
原形
→
过去式
→
过去分词);(
原形
→
过去式
→
过去分词)
;(
原形
→
过去式
→
过去分词)
首先必会
A
A
A
be(am,is)
was
been
let
let
let
be(are)
were
been
set
set
set
see
saw
seen
hit
hit
hit
does
did
done
put
put
put
do
did
done
cut
cut
cut
go
went
gone
shut
shut
shut
has
had
had
cost
cost
cost
have
had
had
hurt
hurt
hurt
make
made
made
read
read
read
小规律记忆
hear
heard
heard
A
B
A
run
ran
run
A
B
B
come
came
come
drink
drank
drunk
become
became
become
swim
swam
swum
eat
ate
eaten
give
gave
given
drive
drove
driven
write
wrote
written
A
B
B
find
found
found
lend
lent
lent
fight
fought
fought
send
sent
sent
hold
held
held
spend
spent
spent
tell
told
told
sell
sold
sold
build
built
built
stand
stood
stood
spill
spilt
spilt
understand
understood
understood
spoil
spoilt
spoilt
dig
dug
dug
smell
smelt
smelt
shine
shone
shone
leave
left
left
win
won
won
sleep
slept
slept
get
got
got
keep
kept
kept
forget
forgot
forgot/forgotten
feel
felt
felt
buy
bought
bought
sweep
swept
swept
bring
brought
brought
meet
met
met
think
thought
thought
mean
meant
meant
say
said
said
catch
caught
caught
lay
laid
laid
teach
taught
taught
pay
paid
paid
shall
should
ring
rang
rung
must
must
begin
began
begun
may
might
drink
drank
drunk
can
could
swim
swam
swum
will
would
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to
do?
2、动词的ing
:
doing?
3、 动词的过去分词:done
二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)
不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
to
do
to
have
done
to
be
doing
被动
to
be
done
to
have
been
done
ing
形式
主动
doing
having
done
被动
being
done
having
been
done
过去分词
被动
done
四、非谓语动词的否定形式
在非谓语动词前加not,
never.
即
not
/
never
to
do,
not
/
never
doing
五、非谓语动词的复合结构
不定式的复合结构:for
/
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
动词
ing
形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing
(-ing
形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)
六、非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用
done;
之后常用to
do;
同时常用doing。
【知识拓展】非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
(1)
不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如:
________
is
a
good
form
of
exercise
for
both
young
and
old.
A.
The
walk????
B.
Walking???
C.
To
walk??
D.
Walk
(分析) a
good
form
暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 B
(1)
不定式作主语时,常用it
作形式主语,即用句型:It
is
+
adj.
/
n.
+
(for
/
of
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
It’s
important
for
us
to
learn
English
well.
It’s
kind
of
you
to
help
us.
注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:
It’s
no
good
/
use
doing
sth.
It’s
useless
doing
sth.
There
is
no
need
to
do
sth.
2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
(1)不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。如:
My
job
is
teaching
/
to
teach
English.
(teaching
/
to
teach
English
是my
job的内容)
Knowing
who
we
are
means
knowing
what
we
like
to
do. (主表语要用同一种形式)
(2)
分词作表语
记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词:surprise
(使某人吃惊),
surprising
(令人吃惊),
surprised
(主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite
(激动),astonish
(惊奇),shock
(震惊),scare
(惊恐), disappoint
(失望),move (感动),如:The
movie
is
exciting.?
We
are
excited
at
the
news.
3、在seem
/
appear
(似乎,好像),
prove/
turn
out
(被证明是),
remain
(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如:He
seemed
(to
be
)
very
happy.
动词短语
一.动词短语的定义:动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为动词。
二.短语动词的分类:按照其搭配,短语动词可分为6类。分别是①动词+副词;②动词+介词;③动词+副词+介词;④动词+名词;⑤动词+名词+介词;⑥be+形容词(包括过去分词做形容词)+介词
1.动词+副词:
这种结构的短语动词可做及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词的短语动词,若宾语是名词时,名词位于副词的前面或者后面都可以,如果所带的宾语为代词时,宾语要位于副词的前面。
常用的副词有:away,out,off,up,down,back,in,along等。
常见短语:cheer
up振奋起来——clean
up
打扫干净——get
up起床——put
up
举起/搭建/张贴/提名——think
over仔细考虑——pick
up捡起——turn
down调低——start
off出发——look
out当心——give
out分发
例句:Could
you
turn
down
the
music,
please?请你把音乐关小一点好吗?
句子中的could此处比用can更加委婉。动词短语turn
down为固定搭配“调小,关小”。turn为动词,down为副词。)
例句:She
picked
the
pen
up
and
gave
it
back
to
me.她捡起钢笔并还给了我。
句子中有两个动词短语。pick
up“捡起”,宾语the
pen为名词,所以可以位于副词up的前面,也可以位于其后。第二个动词短语为give
back“归还”,句子用的是其过去式。由于give
back接的宾语是代词it,所以根据规则,放在副词back的前面)
例句:The
appointment
was
put
off
because
of
his
illness.他由于生病而推迟了约会。
句子中的短语动词是put
off“推迟”。且句子整体是一个被动句,宾语提前了——被动句九年级会系统的学习)
2.动词+介词:这种结构在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词的后面。
常见的此类介词有:for,about,of,after,from,into,to,with,at等。
常见短语:look
after照顾——belong
to属于——take
after像——hear
from收到......来信——hear
of听说
——send
for派人去请——pay
for赔偿——wait
for等待——care
for照顾/非常喜欢——laugh
at嘲笑——worry
about担心——listen
to
听........
——look
at看.......——agree
with同意
例句:Let's
first
send
for
two
students”,said
the
teacher.老师说:“我们先派两名学生去”。
动词短语send
for“派人去”,遵循的规则是动词+介词,此处相当于一个及物动词,所以宾语two
students位于介词for的后面。)
例句:You
don't
have
to
worry
about
me.
I'm
a
good
swimmer.不用担心,我水性很好。
动词短语worry
about“担心”,介词为about,宾语me根据规则,位于其后。)
3.动词+副词+介词:这种结构中,动词、副词和介词紧密结合为一体,词义上相当于一个及物动词,所带的宾语总是位于介词的后面。
常见短语:run
out
of用光——get
out
of逃避——come
up
with想出——catch
up
with赶上——look
forward
to盼望——go
on
with继续
例句:I
need
to
work
hard
to
catch
up
with
others.我需要努力学习赶上其他同学。
动词短语catch
up
with“赶上”,catch是动词,up是副词,with是介词,三者结合为一体,宾语others接在介词with之后,符合该规则。)
例句:Well,
we
shall
look
forward
to
seeing
him
tomorrow.嗯,我们期待着明天与他会面。
shall用于第一人称——不懂该知识点的小伙伴可以查阅冉老师历史发文。动词短语look
forward
to,其中同学们要注意to在此处为固定搭配且为介词,因此其后要加动词的ing形式)
4.动词+名词:这种结构中常见的动词有have/take/give/make等。
常见短语:have
a
rest休息一下——take
a
walk散步——make
a
mistake犯错——have
a
try试一下——take
place发生——tell
a
lie撒谎
例句:You
should
have
a
rest
on
weekends.你周末应该休息一下。
should后面加动词原形——不懂的小伙伴可以查阅冉老师历史发文。动词短语have
a
rest“休息一下”为固定搭配,a
rest为名词“休息”。)
例句:When
does
the
weeding
take
place?什么时候举行婚礼?
动词短语take
place“发生”为固定搭配,place为名词“地方”,两者结合以后失去原意)
5.动词+名词+介词:这种结构只用作及物动词。名词前面可加形容词来说明程度,宾语总是位于介词的后面。
常见短语:have
a
look
at看一看——make
friends
with与......交朋友——have
a
drink
of喝一口——pay
attention
to注意——make
fun
of取笑——take
care
of照顾
例句:You
should
pay
attention
to
your
teacher
in
class.在课堂上,你应该注意听老师讲课。
should后面加动词原形。动词短语pay
attention
to“注意”为固定搭配,此处的to是介词,宾语your
teacher位于其后如果介词to后面跟的是动词的话,就要改为动词的ing形式。)
例句:I
don’t
want
to
make
friends
with
indolent
persons.我不喜欢和懒惰的人交朋友。
句子中的make
friends
with“与....交朋友”为固定搭配,friends始终为复数,因为交朋友至少涉及的是两个人,所以同学们在学习过程中要注意去领会文章的文化基底。)
6.be+形容词(包括过去分词做形容词)+介词:这种结构的短语动词相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词的后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义。
常见短语:be
late
for迟到——be
busy
with忙于——be
worried
about担心——be
fond
of喜爱——be
good
at擅长——be
good/bad
for对......有益/有害——be
short
of缺乏——be
similar
to与.....相似——be
strict
with对....严格要求——be
proud
of为.......而骄傲——be
different
from与......不同。
例句:Eating
more
vegetables
and
fruit
is
good
for
your
health.多吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
be
good
for“对......有益”为固定搭配,其反义为be
bad
for“对....有害”。Eating
more
vegetables
and
fruit为动名词短语做主语。)
例句:We
all
have
much
to
be
proud
of.我们都有很多值得自豪的东西。
be
proud
of“为......而骄傲/自豪”为固定搭配,of虽然是在句末,但同学们在学习和做题中一定不能舍去。)
动词
系动词
情态动
助动词
实义动
系动词+表语
情态动+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
独立充当谓语
充当谓语
系动词
be动词
“保持”“变化”
感官动词
be+adv.+adj“如何是”
become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,stay
look,sound,taste,smell,feel
常接形容词作表语
主谓一致
情态动词
意思答语
表示推测
may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you
can.
否定Sorry,
but
you
can’t/mustn’t
“一定”must
“必须”
Must
I…?Yes,
you
must.
No,
you
needn’t/don’t
have
to.
“不得不”
Do
I
have
to..?
Yes,
you
must.
No,
you
needn’t/don’t
have
to.
“需要”实义动词:not
need
to
do
sth.
情态动词:needn’t
do
sth.
Would
you
like
to
do?答语“I’d
like
to”
“I’d
like
to,
but....”
had
better
“最好(不)做某事”
You’d
better
do…/You’d
better
not
o…
“可能”may,might,could
“不可能”can’t
助动词
狭义概念:“赠送的”
扩展概念:“自带的”
do,does,did
凡谓语由两部分构成之前者
句型操作及答语
实义动词身份
助动词身份/强调功能
实义动词
时态
语态
名称
被动:be+done
及物动词必须跟宾语
不及物动词不直跟宾语
谓动
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
★过去将来时
现在完成时
★过去完成时
do/does
did
be+doing
was/were+doing
will+do
would+do
have/has+done
had+done
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
含情态动词
选项有无被动只需考虑时态
该而不:感官发生实现出版
使役动词正常不带to被动则带
意思需要
时间标志
意思
平时经常做
某次过去做
现在正在做
过去正在做
现在将要做
过去将要做
到现在已做
到过去已做
A
B
C
ride
rode
ridden
rise
rose
risen
hide
hid
hidden
show
showed
shown
know
knew
known
grow
grew
grown
throw
threw
thrown
blow
blew
blown
fly
flew
flown
fall
fell
fallen
wear
wore
worn
break
broke
broken
beat
beat
beaten
speak
spoke
spoken
freeze
froze
frozen
draw
drew
drawn
take
took
taken
mistake
mistook
mistaken
lie
lay
lain
A
BB
BB
sink
sank/sunk
sunk/sunken
wake
woke/waked
woken/waked
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
hang
hung/hanged
hung/hanged
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考点08动词和动词短语
动词和动词短语训练
一、选择最佳答案
1.—Can
I
_____________
Robinson
Crusoe?
Mrs.
Zhao.
?
?—Sure,it's
very
interesting,but
you
can
only
______________it
for
two
weeks.
?
?A.borrow;lend
B.lend;borrow
C.borrow;keep
D.lend;keep
2.—Jack,
let’s
have
a
picnic
after
school.
?
?—Sorry.
I
have
______Frank
to
work
on
the
biology
report
with
him.
?
?A.
Advise
B.
expected
?
?
?
??
C.
suggested
?
?
?
?
?
??
D.
promised
3.—I’m
going
to
add
some
tomato
sauce
to
the
salad,
if
you
don’t
___________.
?
—Not
at
all.
Go
head.
?
A.
care
B.
agree
C.
mind
D.
insist
4.
—Excuse
me,
can
you
teach
me
how
to
?
?
?
?
?
?
?this
new
word?
?
—No
problem.
Look
at
my
mouth
and
listen
carefully.
?
A.
prove
B.
pronounce
C.
prepare
D.
produce
5.You
can’t
change
who
you
are
by
reading
a
book
or
change
the
way
you
act
by
watching
a
video.
What
_____
is
what
you
do,
not
what
you
know.
?
A.
includes
B.
decides
C.
means
D.
matters
6.How
long
will
it
____
you
to
fly
to
Beijing
from
your
hometown?
A.
spend
B.
take
C.
pay
D.
use
7.—
What
does
Huawei’s
newest
smartphone
look
like?
?
?
—
It’s
wonderful!
You
can
?
?
?
?
it
in
half
just
like
closing
a
book.
?
A.
hand
B.
pass
C.
fold
D.
cut
8.—Did
you
the
International
Marathon
in
Lan
Zhou
on
June
2,
2019?
—Of
course.
How
exciting!
A.
watch
B.
review
C.
suppose
D.
discover
9.Mum
likes
?
?
soap
operas.
Let's
buy
a
TV
for
her.
A.
becoming
B.
watching
C.
looking
D.
smelling
10.—I’m
afraid
his
radio
is
too
noisy.
Will
you
please
_____
him
to
_____
a
little.
—Sure.
?
A.
ask;turn
it
down
B.
allow;turn
it
on
C.
tell;turn
it
up
D.
advise;turn
it
off
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.
Nancy
often
goes______
(swim)
with
her
friends
in
summer
2.I
want
______
(go)
to
the
shop.
3.The
little
girl
likes
________
(play)
basketball.
She______
(play)
on
the
playground
now.
4.The
teacher
_______
(go)
to
school
on
foot
every
day.
5.Let's
_________
(speak)
English.
6.-_______
the
man
________
(open)
the
window?
-No,
he
isn't.
He
is
__________
(close)
the
window.
7.
I
_________
(lend)
her
some
CDs
the
day
before
yesterday。
8.
I'm
sorry
___________
(wake)
you
up.
9.Would
you
please___________(not
play)
with
the
chalk?
10.You'd
better________________(pass)
this
book
to
her.
二、根据所给汉语提示写出下列句中所缺的名词
1
Look!
A
little
girl
_______
(游泳)
in
the
river(河).
2.I
don't
have
any
pens.
I
think
she
______
(有)
some.
3.Don't
_______
(读)
your
books.
Please
________
(听)
to
me
now.
4.Can
you
help
me
_________
(搬运)
the
box?
5.Can
I
_________
(借)
your
bike?
三、词语运用
阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。
say,
do
,
work
,
believe,
may,
watch,
see,
be,
think,
eat
Can
animals
be
made
to
work
for
us
?
Some
scientists
__1__
that
one
day
animals
__2__
be
taught
to
do
a
number
of
simple
jobs
.They
__3__
that
in
a
film
or
on
TV
we
may
__4__
elephants,
monkeys
,dogs
,bears
,or
other
animals
doing
a
lot
of
things
.If
you
__5__
carefully
,
you
may
find
that
those
animals
are
given
something
to
eat
in
return
for
__6__
them.
The
scientists
say
that
many
different
animals
may
be
taught
to
do
a
number
of
simple
jobs
if
they
will
get
something
__7__.
Of
course,
as
we
know
,
dogs
can
be
used
to
guard
a
house
,and
elephants
can
be
used
to
do
some
heavy
jobs.
And
we
can
also
teach
animals
__8__
in
factories.
Apes
,for
example
have
__9__
used
in
America
to
help
make
cars
and
scientists
___10__
that
these
monkeys
may
one
day
get
in
crops
and
even
drive
trains
.?
参考答案:
一、1—5CDCBD
6—10BCABA
11—15CDCBD
16—20DDAAD
1.【答案】C?
【解析】borrow借,强调借入,短暂性动词;lend借,强调借出,短暂性动词;keep也有借的意思,强调保管,延续性动词;Can
I
borrow
Robinson
Crusoe?强调借入,所以用borrow;由句子中的for
two
weeks第二个空应该用延续性动词keep,故选:C。
2.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——杰克,放学后我们去野餐吧。——抱歉。我答应弗莱克和他一起做生物学报告。A表示建议;B表示期待、盼望;C表示建议;D表示承诺、允诺。根据题干中Sorry可知杰克不能放学后去野餐,因为他承诺弗莱克和他一起去做生物学报告,其中promise
sb.
to
do
sth.表示承诺某人做某事,故选D。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意:——如果你不介意的话,我要在沙拉里加些番茄酱。——一点也不。加吧。A.
care照料;B.
agree同意;C.
mind介意;D.
insist坚持。根据I’m
going
to
add
some
tomato
sauce
to
the
salad,
if
you
don’t
_________.
如果你不_______
的话,我要在沙拉里加些番茄酱。和答语Not
at
all.
Go
head.
一点也不。加吧。可以推知,应该选择mind介意;符合语境。故选C。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——打扰一下,你能教给我怎样发出这个新单词的音吗?——没问题。看我的嘴认真地听。A.
prove证明;B.
pronounce发音;C.
prepare准备;D.
produce生产,制造。根据下文No
problem.
Look
at
my
mouth
and
listen
carefully.可知上文是说发音。根据题意,故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意:你不能通过看书来改变你是谁,也不能通过看视频来改变你的行为方式。重要的是你做什么,而不是你知道什么。A.
includes包括;B.
decides对……作出抉择;C.
means方式;D.
matters重要性。本题考查what
matters
=
what
is
essential/important重要的是;因此本题应该选择matters重要性。符合语境。故选D。
6.【答案】B
【解析】句意:从家乡坐飞机到北京要花费你多长时间?A.
spend花费钱或时间,主语是人;B.
take常指花费时间,用在“It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.”这一句型中;C.
pay花费金钱,主语是人;D.
use使用。本句考查的是“It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.”这一句型。故答案为B。
7.【答案】C
【解析】句意:——华为最新的智能手机是什么样子的?——它太棒了!你可像一本书一样把它折叠起来。考查动词辨析。A.
hand传递;B.
pass经过;C.
fold折叠;D.
cut切割。根据in
half
just
like
closing
a
book就像合上一本书一样,可推知应是可以把它折叠起来,故答案选C。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你看2019年6月2日在兰州举行的国际马拉松比赛了吗?——当然。太令人兴奋了!考查动词辨析。A.
观看(电视/比赛);B.
回顾;C.
设想;D.
发现。根据the
International
Marathon可知选A。
9.【答案】B
【解析】句意:妈妈喜欢观看肥皂剧,让我们为她买一台电视吧。A.
becoming变成;
B.
watching观看;C.
looking看起来;D.
smelling闻起来。短语like
doing
sth.表示喜欢做某事。看肥皂剧是
watch
soap
operas.根据题意,故选B。
10.【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我担心这个收音机太吵闹了。你可以让它关小点吗?——当然可以。ask
sb
to
do
sth让某人做某事,allow
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做某事,tell
sb
to
do
sth告诉某人做某事,advise
sb
to
do
sth建议某人做某事,turn
it
down把它关小点,turn
it
on关上它,turn
it
up把它开大点,turn
it
off把它关上。根据I’m
afraid
his
radio
is
too
noisy.可知此处表示收音机太吵了,因此把它关小点,故选A。
二、1.swimming
2.to
go
3.
playing;
is
playing
4.goes
5.
speak
6.Is
openning;
closing
7.
lend
8.
to
wake
9.
not
play
10.pass
三、1.is
swimming
2.has
3.read;
listen
4.carry
5.borrow
四、1.think
2.may
3.say
4.see
5.watch
6.doing
7.
to
eat
8.to
work
9.been
10.believe
【模拟训练】
一、选择最佳答案
1.
We’d
better
__________
our
sports
meeting
because
it’s
going
to
rain.
?
?A.
put
on
B.
put
up
C.
put
off
D.
put
down
2.—Shall
we________the
things
we
don’t
use
to
the
people
in
need?
?
?—Good
idea.
?
?A.
put
off
B.
set
out
C.
get
into
D.
give
away
3.—About
20
million
people
in
the
world
have
no
enough
safe
drinking
water.
?
—So
we
should
?
?
?
?
?
?
how
to
deal
with
the
problems
of
water.
?
A.
put
on
B.
look
after
C.
think
about
D.
get
on
with
4.—I
don't
think
teachers
should
give
too
much
homework
to_______
the
free
time
of
students.
?
—Exactly!
?
A.
give
up
B.
take
up
C.
look
up
D.
put
up
5.—
What’s
the
meaning
of
“One
Belt
and
One
Road”?
?
—
Let
me
?
?
?
?the
words
in
the
new
dictionary.
?
A.
look
at
B.
look
for
C.
look
after
D.
look
up
6.
John,
please
_________your
dictionary
from
the
schoolbag
and
look
up
the
new
word.
?
?A.
take
away
B.
take
up
C.
take
off
D.
take
out
7.
Zhang
Lan
usually
looks
after
her
little
brother
at
home
when
her
mother
is
away.
?
?A.
looks
up
B.
looks
out
C.
looks
over
D.
takes
care
of
8.
I
asked
my
father
to
_______
me
_______
at
the
school
gate
at
6:30
so
that
we
could
visit
Grandma
together.
?
?A.
pick;
up
B.
turn;
down
C.
let;
down
D.
cheer;
up
9.
We
always
our
classroom
every
Friday
afternoon.
?
?A.
clean
up
B.
put
up
C.
use
up
D.take
down
10.
Some
jazz
musicians
are
great
because
they
can_______music
while
playing.
?
?A.
put
up
B.
set
up
C.
take
up
D.
make
up
二、根据所给汉语提示写出下列句中所缺的名词
1.Do
you
like
________
(看电视)?
2.
My
parents
are
busy
_________
(为……做准备)
the
visitors.
3.I
think
you'd
better
not
________
(出去)
alone
at
night.
4.
Do
you
mind
my
_____
(听音乐)?
---Never
mind.
5.I
am
afraid
of
_____(游泳),
but
Tom
often
_______(教)
me_____(游泳).
6.What
about
________
(坐)
here
?
OK
,
let
me
_________
(坐)
here.
7.Tomorrow
________
(是)
my
birthday.
I
want
_______
(举行)
a
birthday
party
.Would
you
________
(来)
to
my
party?
8.
He
mustn't
__________
(停放)
his
car
here
.
___________
(看)
at
the
sign
"
NO
parking.
9.You
need
_________
(穿戴)
warm
clothes
in
winter.
10.Who
________(教)
you
English
last
term?
五、完形填空
Mrs.
Green
lives
in
the
country,
and
she
___1__
know
London
very
well.
One
day,
she
goes
to
London,
but
she
2
find
her
way.
Just
then,
she
3
a
man
near
the
bus
stop.
“
I
can
ask
him
the
way.
”
she
4
.
Then
she
goes
over
to
the
man
and
asks,“
Excuse
me,
will
you
please
5
me
the
way
to
King
Street?”
But
the
man
doesn’t
say
anything.
He
6
Cuba.
He
doesn’t
7
English.
He
comes
to
London
for
a
8
.
He
takes
out
a
book
and
9
something
on
it.
Then
he
10
it
to
Mrs.
Green,“Sorry,
I
can’t
speak
English.”
(
)1.
A.
does
B.
doesn’t
C.
do
D.
don’t
(
)2.
A.
may
B.
may
not
C.
can’t
D.
can
(
)3.
A.
looks
at
B.
watches
C.
sees
D.
looks
(
)4.
A.
thinks
B.
to
think
C.
is
thinking
D.
think
(
)5.
A.said
B.
say
C.
talk
D.
tell
(
)6.
A.
am
B.
is
C.
isn’t
D.
are
(
)7.
A.
speak
B.
speaks
C.
speaking
D.
spoke
(
)8.
A.
walk
B.
swim
C.
visit
D.
look
(
)9.
A.
writing
B.
write
C.
writes
D.
wrote
(
)10.
A.
shows
B.
gives
C.
gets
D.
takes
【参考答案】
一、选择最佳答案
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语和句意辨析。句意:我们最好把我们的运动会_______,因为天要下雨了。A.
put
on
穿上,上演;B.
put
up
举起,张贴;C.
put
off
推迟。根据后面的天要下雨,可知最好推迟运动会,故选C。
2.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我们将把不用的东西送给需要帮助的人吗?——好主意。考查动词短语辨析。A.推迟;B.
出发;C.
进入;D.
赠送。根据句意语境,可知前面三项意思都与句意不合,故选D。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意:——世界上大约有2000万人没有足够的安全饮用水。——所以我们应该考虑如何处理水的问题。A.
穿上;B.照顾;C.
思考;D.
继续。考查动词短语辨析。根据how
to
deal
with
the
problems
of
water可知think
about符合句意,故选C。
4.【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我认为教师不应该布置太多的家庭作业来占用学生的空闲时间。——没错!考查动词短语。A.
give
up放弃;B.
take
up占用,占据;C.
look
up查阅,查字典,抬头看;D.
put
up建造,搭起,挂起。结合句意可知填take
up;选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】句意:——一带一路是什么意思?——让我们在这个字典上查一下这个词。A.看;B.寻找;C.照顾;D.查阅。根据句意可知,表示“查阅这个单词”,故选D。
6.【答案】D
【解析】句意:约翰,请从书包里拿出你的字典来查这个新单词。考查动词短语。A.
take
away拿走、带走;B.
take
up占据、开始从事;C.
take
off起飞、脱下;D.
take
out取出、拿出。根据语境:请…你的字典从你的书包里来查这个新单词,可知此处表达的是“取出、拿出”,结合选项可知D选项符合题意,故答案选D。
7.【答案】D
【解析】句意:张兰经常在她的妈妈离开时在家里照顾她的小弟弟。looks
up向上看;查找;looks
out向外看;小心;looks
over检查,察看;takes
care
of照顾。原句中划线的单词looks
after意为“照顾”,与take
care
of是同义短语,故应选D。
8.【答案】A
【解析】句意:我让我父亲6:30在学校门口接我,这样我们就可以一起去看望奶奶了。A.
pick;
up拾起;捡起;还有“用车去接……”的意思;B.
turn;
down关小;C.
let;
down使失望;使沮丧;D.
cheer;
up(使)振作起来。根据后文so
that
we
could
visit
Grandma
together.
这样我们就可以一起去看望奶奶了。可知,前文应该是让父亲在6:30在学校门口接我。因此应该选择pick;
up,符合语境。故选A。
9.【答案】A
【解析】句意:每个周五的下午我们经常打扫我们的教室。A.打扫;B.张贴、举起、搭建、留宿;C.用光。根据句意可知,表示“打扫教室”,故选A。
10.【答案】D
【解析】句意:有些爵士乐手很棒,因为他们可以一边演奏一边编音乐。A.
put
up张贴;B.
set
up建立;C.
take
up占据;D.
make
up编造。根据下文music
while
playing.可知上文是编造。根据题意,故选D。
二、根据所给汉语提示写出下列句中所缺的名词
6.watching
TV
7.get
ready
for
8.go
out
9.listenning
to
Music
10.swimming;
teaches;
to
swim
11.sitting;
sit
12.is;
to
have;
come
13.
park;look
14.
wear/
to
wear
15.teaches
三、1—5BCCAD
6—10BACCA
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