中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考点15主谓一致
主谓一致训练
【专题训练】
一、选择最佳选项
1.
One
of
the
popular
expressions
in
2012
________“Positive
energy”.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
2.
Andy,
you'd
better
not
eat
meat
only.
You
should
know
milk
and
fruit
______
good
for
you.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were.
3.There
______still
some
apple
juice
in
the
fridge.
It's
not
necessary
for
us
to
go
to
the
supermarket
now.
A.
was
B.
were
C.
is
D.
are
4.
Each
of
the
club
members
________ready
to
help
those
who
were
in
trouble.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
5.
I
can't
find
my
milk
in
the
fridge
now,
but
there______some
just
now.
A.
is
B.
was
C.
are
D.
were
6.
There
are
millions
of
websites
on
the
Internet
and
there____a
lot
of
useful______on
the
websites.
A.
are;
informations
B.
are;
information
C.
is;
informations
D.
is;
information
7.---Have
you
heard
about
that
car
accident
near
the
school?
---Yes,
luckily
no
one________.
A.hurt
B.was
hurt
C.has
hurt
D.were
hurt
8.All
the
family
_______the
little
sick
bird
carefully
till
it
can
fly.
A.keep
B.keeps
C.keeping
D.to
keep
9.
Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
going
to
visit
the
the
museum
next
week.
A.
are
B.
is
C.
was
D.
were
10.
---Why
are
you
late,
Jim?
---Because
there
a
lot
of
traffic
when
I
came
here.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
11.
---Do
you
like
reading
books?
---Yes.
Everyone
to
do
more
reading
in
and
after
class.
A.
are
encouraged
B.
encourage
C.
is
encouraged
D.
is
encouraging
12.
About
of
the
earth
covered
with
water,
but
we
have
less
and
less
available
fresh
water.
A.
three-fourth,
is
B.three-fourths,
is
C.
three-fourth,
are
D.three-fourths,
are
13.Ten
kilometers
____
way.
A.
are
quite
long
B.
are
quite
a
long
C.
is
quite
a
long
D.
is
a
quite
long
14.
of
the
coats
made
of
cotton.
They
feel
comfortable.
A.
Two-thirds;
is
B.
Two-thirds;
are
C.
Two-third;
is
D.
Two-third;
are
15.Now
the
number
of
Chinese
people
working
in
Africa
_________
more
than
one
million.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
16.A
number
of
tourists
_________
Yangzhou
many
times
because
it
is
such
a
beautiful
city.
A.
have
been
to
B.
has
been
to
C.
has
gone
to
D.
have
gone
to
17.
---
Where
is
Mr.
Wang?
---He
together
with
his
students
________
Zhuyuwan
Park.
A.
has
gone
to
B.
have
gone
to
C.
has
been
to
D.
have
been
to
18.---Did
you
and
your
sister
go
to
Miss
Brown's
party
yesterday?.
---No.
Neither
of
us
______.
A.
invites
B.
invited
C.
is
invited
D.
was
invited
19.---My
aunt
said
she
called
you
yesterday
morning,
but
there
was
no
answer.
---Oh,
we
were
at
home.
Maybe
my
husband
with
my
daughter
and
me
my
car
in
the
garden
A.
were
washing
B.
had
washed
C.
was
washing
D.
washed
20.
---Hi.
I
didn't
see
you
at
the
party
in
the
company
yesterday
evening.
---Oh,
all
my
family
my
son's
birthday
at
home.
A.
celebrated
B.
have
celebrated
C.
was
celebrating
D.were
celebrating
II.
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.
Not
only
you
but
also
I
?(be)
wrong.
2.
Neither
Bill
nor
his
parents
?(be)
at
home
now.
3.
The
football
team
?(be)
having
a
shower
now.
4.
Nothing
in
the
world
?(be)
difficult
for
one
who
is
careful.
5.
Ten
thousand
pounds
?(be)
a
lot
of
money.
6.
When
each
person
?(come)
in,
they
must
show
their
tickets.
7.
Fifty
miles
?(be)
not
a
great
distance.
8.
Nobody
but
John
and
Jim
?(be)
asked
to
go.
9.
None
of
us
?(have)
got
a
camera.
10.
Vegetables
sold
at
this
shop
?(be)
usually
cheap.
11.
A
large
number
of
boys
and
girls
?(play)
in
the
park
every
day.
12.
The
old
in
my
country
?(be)
cared
for
by
their
children
and
grandchildren.
13.
There
?(be)
a
pair
of
trousers
on
the
sofa.
14.
Every
man,
woman
and
child
?(know)
something
about
the
hero.
15.
The
police
?(be)
looking
for
the
thief
now.
16.
Nobody
?(want)
to
spend
time
on
such
a
thing.
17.
The
Great
Wall
as
well
as
the
Palace
Museum
?(attract)
lots
of
tourists
from
abroad
every
year.
18.
Three-fourths
of
the
surface
of
the
earth
?(be)
covered
by
water.
19.
John,
together
with
his
family,
?(be)
flying
to
London
next
week.
20.
Few
of
my
family
really
?(understand)
me.
答案解析
一、选择最佳选项
1.
答案C【解析】“one
of+名词复数”表示“……之一”，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2.
答案B【解析】milk
and
fruit是两个动词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
3.答案C【解析】some
apple
juice是单数，所以There
be句型中的be动词用单数is。
4.答案C【解析】each
of表示“……中每一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
5.答案B【解析】milk是单数形式，而且后面有过去时间状语just
now，所以用was。
6.答案D【解析】information是不可数名词，所以be动词用单数is。
7.答案B【解析】no
one作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，no
one
was
hurt表示“没人受伤”。
8.答案A【解析】此处的集合名词表示家庭成员，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
9.答案B【解析】not
only...but
also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与就近的主语the
teacher保持一致。
10.答案C【解析】traffic是不可数名词，而且这里应该用过去时，所以用was。
11.答案C【解析】everyone表示“每一个人”，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以用is
encouraged。
12.答案B【解析】“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于介词of后名词的单复数，这里的earth是单数形式，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
13.答案C【解析】表示时间、距离、金钱等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
14.答案B【解析】“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于介词of后名词的单复数，这里的coats是复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数形式。
15.答案A【解析】“the
number
of”表示“……的数量”，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
16.答案A【解析】“a
number
of”表示“许多的、大量的”，用来修饰可数名词复数形式，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
17.答案A【解析】together
with表示“和……一起”在句中用作方式状语，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面的名词，这里he是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，这里表示“已经去某地了还没有回来”，所以用has
gone
to。
18.答案D【解析】neither
of表示“两者都不”，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，时态为过去式，所以用was
invited。
19.答案C【解析】with
my
daughter
and
me是方式状语，谓语动词应该与my
husband保持一致，用单数形式，时态应该用过去完成时，所以用was
washing。
20.答案D【解析】此处集合名词family表示个体，所以谓语动词用复数形式。
II.
用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.
am/was
2.
are
3.
are
4.
is
5.
is
6.
comes
7.
is
8.
is/was
9.
has/have
10.
are
11.
play
12.
are
13.
is
14.
knows
15.
are
16.
wants/wanted
17.
attracts
18.
is
19.
is
20.
understand
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考点15主谓一致
命题趋势
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及语篇运用中中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。
考查题型：从命题形式来看，主谓一致以单项选择、完形填空为主、词语语篇填空等。
考查重点：主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
主谓一致的三个原则
一、定义
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
二、基本用法
1.
意义一致
意义一致又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。如：
Maths
is
difficult
for
us.
数学对我们来说很难。
The
police
are
trying
to
search
for
the
thief
on
the
hill.
警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。
My
family
are
having
lunch
now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty
dollars
is
too
expensive
for
the
book.这本书20美元太贵了。
【例】The
woman
behind
the
girls
_____________
a
famous
actress.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
have
D.
has
【答案】A
【解析】在本句中，句子主语为woman，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，排除B、C两项。本句为系表结构，排除D项。故选A。
（1）表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people,
police,
cattle等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如：
The
cattle
are
one
cause
of
the
problem.
造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The
police
are
searching
for
a
murderer
in
that
mountain.
警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
（2）以army,
class,
enemy,
family,
government,
group,
team，crew,
crowd,
public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：
Our
class
is
better
than
any
other
class
at
playing
basketball
in
our
school.
在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
Our
class
are
playing
a
basketball
match
tomorrow.
我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our
family
is
not
poor
any
more.
我们家已经不再贫困了。
My
family
all
speak
the
Intuit
language.
我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
（3）当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses（眼镜）,
trousers（裤子）,
shoes（鞋子），chopsticks（筷子）,
goods（货物）,
scissors（剪刀）,
socks（袜子）,
compasses（圆规），但如果这些名词前有a
pair
of等量词修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
Your
trousers
need
washing.
你的裤子该洗了。
My
glasses
are
new.
我的眼镜是新的。
A
pair
of
compasses
is
an
instrument
for
drawing
circles.
圆规是画圆的工具。
A
pair
of
new
shoes
is
in
your
suitcase.
一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two
pairs
of
socks
are
enough
for
me.
对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。
（4）由“pair,
piece
of
+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair,
piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。如：
There
is
a
pair
of
shoes
left.
只剩下一双鞋了。
The
pieces
of
stone
were
then
carried
to
the
new
place
for
the
temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。
（5）当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语时，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。如：
Twenty
years
is
a
long
time
to
us.
对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。
One
thousand
pounds
is
a
lot
of
money.
一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
（6）如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The
old
are
taken
good
care
of
in
our
country.
在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The
sick
is
one
of
the
students
in
our
class.
那位病人是我们班的一个学生。
The
beautiful
lives
forever.
美是永存的。
（7）考点7：表示数量的短语“one
and
a
half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a
half”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
One
and
a
half
oranges
has
been
left
on
the
table.
桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
A
month
and
a
half
has
passed.
一个半月时间过去了。
（8）某些单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。如：
One
day
this
white
sheep
was
lost.
有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There
are
many
fish
in
the
Jia
Ling
River.
嘉陵江里有很多鱼。
A
Japanese
is
coming
to
visit
our
school
tomorrow.
明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
We
Chinese
are
realizing
the
four
modernizations.
我们中国人正在实现四个现代化
2.
语法形式一致的原则
语法一致即指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。如：
My
bike
is
under
the
tree.
我的自行车在树下。
These
books
are
old.
这些书是旧的。
Tom
is
a
good
student.汤姆是个好学生。
They
often
play
football
on
the
playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
【例】The
Greens
_____________
dinner
in
the
kitchen
now.
A.
is
having
B.
having
C.
are
having
【答案】C
【解析】the
Greens意为＂格林一家；格林夫妇＂，表复数意义，故选C。
（1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Much
land
has
been
deserted
in
this
area
in
the
past
few
years.
在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To
start
smoking
is
quite
easy,
but
to
give
it
up
needs
courage.
开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading
English
newspapers
is
a
good
way
of
improving
your
English.
阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What
you
need
most
is
to
have
a
good
sleep.
你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How
you
can
get
there
is
a
problem.
你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
（2）由and或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
Swimming
and
walking
are
good
exercises.
游泳和散步都是好运动。
He
and
I
were
classmates
when
we
were
at
college.
他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both
John
and
Ann
have
got
pen-friends.
约翰和安都有笔友。
Both
Zhou
Lan
and
Yang
Pei
like
sports.
周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
注意：
①
并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。如：
The
manager
and
secretary
was
absent
at
the
meeting.
经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The
manager
and
the
secretary
are
busy
now.
经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their
teacher
and
friend
is
Mr.
Li.
他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
②
由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no,
each,
every或many
a修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。另外，more
than
one+名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：
In
our
country
every
boy
and
every
girl
has
the
right
to
receive
education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。
Each
man
and
each
woman
is
asked
to
help.
每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many
a
student
is
having
practice
in
that
factory.
许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More
than
one
student
is
interested
in
the
book.
不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣
（3）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together)
with,
as
well
as,
like,
but,
except,
besides,
including,
no
less
than,
rather
than,
as
much
as,
more
than,
along
with,
in
addition
to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。如：
An
English
teacher
together
with
some
students
has
climbed
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary
as
well
as
her
friends
likes
this
painting.
玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No
one
except
my
close
friends
knows
anything
about
this
matter.
除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
（4）不定代词each,
either,
neither和由
some,
any,
no,
every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Each
(of
us)
takes
a
cup
of
coffee.
(我们)每人都喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone
knows
smoking
cigarettes
is
bad
for
health.
大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing
is
to
be
done.
没有什么要干的事。
Everybody
obeys
the
school
rules;
anybody
who
breaks
the
rules
is
punished.
每个人都必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
（5）不定代词none
以及由“none/neither＋of＋复数合词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。如：
None
know
when
that
was.
(强调所有的人)没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None
is
so
good
as
he.
(强调每一个人)没有人像他那么好。
None
of
them
have/has
a
car.
他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
Neither
of
them
know/knows
the
answer.
他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）
Neither
of
the
article
is
(are)
interesting.
其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
（6）“a
lot
of
,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
the
rest（majority）of,
some（most,
all等）of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。如：
Some
of
us
do
not
know
much
about
the
theatre.
我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some
of
the
sugar
is
wet.
有些糖是湿的。
Most
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
leagues.
我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most
of
the
food
tastes
delicious.
大多数食物味道很好。
Half
of
the
work
is
left
unfinished.
一半的工作没有完成。
Half
of
the
apples
are
given
to
the
children.
一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots
of
damage
was
caused
by
smoking.
许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty
of
English
books
are
on
the
shelf.
许多英语书在书架上。
注意：
①
all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。如：
All
are
present.
所有的人都出席了。(表示人)
All
is
well.
一切都好。(表示整个事情或情况)
②“a
number
of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the
number
of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A
large
number
of
buildings
were
burnt
down.
许多楼房被毁了。
A
number
of
students
in
our
class
are
out
by
the
lake.
我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The
number
of
students
in
our
school
is
2500.
我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
The
number
of
books
on
women
published
in
China
is
growing.
在中国，有关妇女书籍出版数目在增加。
The
number
of
wagging
dances
per
minute
told
the
exact
distance
to
the
feeding
place.
每分钟摆尾的次数表明了到喂食处的精确距离。
（7）由“分数或百分数+of
+名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。如：
燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two
thirds
of
the
people
present
are
against
the
plan.
在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
More
than
70
percent
of
the
surface
of
our
earth
is
covered
by
water.我们地球的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30
percent
of
the
students
in
our
class
are
girls.
我们班30%的学生是女生。
Two
thirds
of
the
country
is
dry
or
desert.
这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干
（8）如果主语是由“a
kind
of或this/that
kind
of,
a
series
(
a
species)
of，a
pair
of”等
+名词构成，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：
This
kind
of
men
is
dangerous.
这种人是危险的。
Is
this
kind
of
car
made
in
Shanghai?
这种汽车是上海制造的吗？
There
is
a
kind
of
rose
in
his
garden.
他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This
kind
of
apple/apples
is
rather
expensive.
这种苹果相当贵。
That
kind
of
snake/snakes
is
dangerous.
那种蛇很危险。
注意：
“these/those
kinds
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
These
kinds
of
tests
are
good.
这种测试很好。
Those
kinds
of
apple
trees
have
not
yet
grown
up.
那种苹果树还没有长大。
3.
就近原则
“就近原则”又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。如：
Either
my
father
or
brother
is
coming.
我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。
Not
only
you
but
also
they
are
good
students.
不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。
Not
only
the
teacher
but
also
his
students
like
playing
football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There
is
a
pen
and
some
books
on
the
desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
【例】Not
only
you
but
also
I
________
interested
in
the
cartoon
called
Peppa
Pig.
A.
am
B.
is
C.
are
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子的主谓一致。句意：不仅是你，我也对卡通片《粉红猪小妹》感兴趣。A.
am用于主语是I的一般现在时；B.
is用于主语是单数第三人称的一般现在时；C.
are用于主语是复数的一般现在时。短语＂not
only…but
also＂引导的主语和后面动词主谓一致遵循临近一致原则，比较近的主语I是第一人称，be动词用am,
故选A。
（1）当or,
either...or,
neither...nor,
not
only...but
also...,
not...but....,
whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。如：
Either
you
or
Lily
is
to
do
the
cleaning
after
supper.
不是该你，就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not
only
the
mother
but
also
the
children
were
there.
不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。
（2）当There
be句型后面有两个或两个以上的名词时，be动词要和最靠近它的那个名词在人称和数上保持一致。如：
There
is
a
pen
and
two
books
on
the
table.
=There
are
two
books
and
a
pen
on
the
table.
桌子上有一支笔和两本书。
主语与主谓一致的关系
1、并列结构作主语
由and或both...
and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。
John
and
Mike
are
good
friends.
约翰和迈克是好朋友。
Both
bread
and
milk
are
good
for
you.
面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The
famous
singer
and
dancer
is
coming
to
Chongqing.
那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。
2、＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as
well
as，with，along
with，together
with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。如：
She
as
well
as
other
students
likes
playing
computer
games.
她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
He
with
his
parents
is
working
in
the
fields.
他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody
but
you
and
me
knows
it.
除了你和我，没人知道。
3、不定代词作主语
（1）当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Each
student
has
a
book.
每一个学生都有一本书。
Either
answer
is
correct.
两个答案都是正确的。
Neither
parent
is
with
him.
他的父母都没有和他在一起。
Every
minute
is
important
to
us.
每一分钟对大家都很重要。
（2）当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Somebody
is
waiting
for
you
outside.
有人在外面等你。
Is
everybody
here
today?
今天大家都到了吗？
Something
is
wrong
with
my
watch.
我的手表出故障了。
Nobody
was
away
yesterday.
昨天没有人离开。
【例】Now
the
students
each
_____________
an
English-Chinese
dictionary.
A.
has
B.
have
C.
is
having
D.
are
having
【答案】B
【解析】have
当＂有＂讲时，不能用于进行时，排除C、D；each用于主语the
students之后作同位语，不影响谓语动词的数，故选B。
特殊名词作主语
1.
国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。如：
The
United
States
lies
to
the
east
of
China.
美国在中国的东方。(国名)
Engels
was
good
at
learning
foreign
languages.
恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2.＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。如：
The
sick
are
taken
good
care
of.
病人得到很好的照顾。
The
old
are
supposed
to
be
spoken
to
politely.
跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3.
以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：
Physics
is
very
difficult
for
me
to
learn.
物理对我来讲很难学。
The
news
was
very
exciting.
这条新闻十分激动人心。
4.
单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。如：
A
Chinese
wants
to
see
you.
一个中国人想见你。
Ten
sheep
are
eating
grass
there.
那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The
Chinese
speak
Chinese.
中国人说汉语。
【例】Physics
_____________
more
interesting
than
maths,
I
think.
A.
are
B.
is
C.
was
D.
were
【答案】B
【解析】表示学科的名词physics，虽然是以-s
结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。这里指的是一般情况，用一般现在时，故选B。
表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1.
表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten
years
has
passed
quickly.
10年很快就过去了。如：
Ten
dollars
is
enough.
10美元就够了。
100
kilometers
is
a
long
way.
100千米是一段很长的路。
2.
加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。如：
Two
and
two
is/are
four.
2加2等于4。
Six
times
one
is/are
six.
6乘以1等于6。
3.
＂many
a/more
than
one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
There
is
more
than
one
answer.
有不止一个答案。
Many
a
student
has
passed
the
exam.
许多学生通过了考试。
4.
＂one
and
a
half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
One
and
a
half
days
is
all
I
can
spare.
一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One
and
a
half
pears
is
left
on
the
plate.
一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5.
the
rest
of.短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。如：
The
rest
of
the
bikes
are
on
sale.
余下的自行车降价出售。
The
rest
of
the
bread
is
gone.
剩余的面包不见了。
6.＂none
of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。如：
None
of
the
dogs
was/were
there.
那儿没有狗。
7.＂a
number
of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the
number
of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。如：
A
number
of
farmers
are
standing
over
there.
许多农民站在那边。
The
number
of
the
students
in
this
school
has
reached
over
2，000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2
000多人。
8.＂a
lot
of/lots
of/plenty
of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。如：
A
lot
of
time
is
needed.
需要大量的时间。
Plenty
of
workers
are
working.
许多工人在工作。
【例】—What
_____________
the
number
of
the
students
in
your
school?
—About
two
thousand.
A
number
of
them
_____________
from
England.
A.
is;
are
B.
is;
is
C.
are;
is
D.
are;
are
【答案】A
【解析】第一空处的主语为the
number
of
the
students，表示学生的数量，故用is；第二空处的主语为A
number
of
them，表示他们们的许多人，故用are。
动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。如：
Doing
morning
exercises
is
good
for
your
body.
做早操对你的身体有益。
To
play
with
fire
near
a
gas
station
is
very
dangerous.
在加油站附近玩火很危险。
What
he
said
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
他在会上的发言很重要。
【例】To
lose
themselves
in
the
net
bar
_____________
on
teenagers’
future.
A.
have
a
bad
effect
B.
has
a
bad
effect
C.
have
a
good
effect
D.
has
a
good
effect
【答案】B
【解析】单个的动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，因为沉迷网络对青少年的未来没有好处，所以选has
a
bad
effect。
主谓一致辨析
类别
例句
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。
The
writer
and
teacher
is
coming.
那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The
writer
and
the
teacher
are
coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
＂单数名词或代词+
but/besides/except/including/like/with/along
with/as
well
as
/rather
than/such
as/together
with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。
Mike
with
his
father
has
been
to
England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,
like
his
brother，enjoys
playing
football.
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
＂the
number
of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语用单数;＂a(good/large)
number
of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The
number
of
the
students
is
over
eight
hundred.
学生人数超过八百。A
number
of
teachers
are
present
today，and
the
number
of
them
is
500.
许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings,
trousers,
boots等。若此类名词被＂a
kind
of/a
pair
of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
The
scissors
are
on
the
shelf
next
to
the
cupboard.
剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A
pair
of
glasses
costs
quite
a
lot
these
days.
近些天，眼镜的售价很高。
当not
only...
but
also...，not...
but...，or，either...
or….，neither...
nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there
be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。
Neither
Jack
and
I
have
seen
this
film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either
you
or
he
is
to
attend
the
meeting
tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词，如class,
club,
family,
team,
group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
The
company
has
grown
rapidly
in
the
last
five
years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The
family
are
celebrating
Thanksgiving
in
this
picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
注意：
如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
谓语动词只用单数的情况
主语抽象表单一，集体名词整体看；and连接两名词，或人或物不可分；every，each以及no，并用and连名词；三＂e＂neither不定代，所构合成正式单；news，means，works，貌似复数实则单；还有ics结尾学科词，国，书，剧名兼格言；时重长度与价值，主单不受随行控；many，more
than连单数，名词数量一个半，谓语单数不多看。
谓语动词可单可复的情况
可单可复有8类，集体名词一大类，看作整体用单数，个体单看用复数；不定代词疑问词，部分、半数及剩余，这些作主看内容，该单该复看含义；The加分词形容词，指人一定是复数，若与分词指抽象，仍用单数莫迟疑；one
of引导定从句，修饰复数是真的，若有the
only在前头，从句指的是单一；人口数目与比例，大多、种类作主语；许多、分数、百分数，是单是复看意义；四则运算很随意。
谓语动词用复数的情况
人们加警察，家禽并牛群，常作复数没问题；服装鞋袜及手套，自然全是用复数。
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