中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
考点17
定语从句
定语从句专题训练
关系代词的基本用法
1.
—What
are
you
looking
for?
—I’m
looking
for
a
book
_______________
tells
the
history
of
England.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
what
D.
where
2.
—What
are
you
doing?
—I’m
reading
the
book
_______________
you
lent
me
last
week.
A.
what
B.
who
C.
when
D.
that
3.
—Why
do
you
call
him
Mr.
Knowledgeable?
—Because
he
knows
almost
everything
_______________
we
want
to
know.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
that
D.
who
4.
—I
heard
that
Shao
Yifu
passed
away.
—Yes,
he
is
a
great
man
_______________
donated
billions
of
dollars
to
charity,
schools
and
hospitals.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
/
5.
No
one
knows
_______________
in
the
future.
A.
what
will
be
happen
B.
what
will
happen
C.
what
will
it
happen
D.
what
it
will
happen
6.
He
always
forgets
all
the
things
_______________
he
needs
to
do.
A
.what
B.
that
C.
what
D.
which
7.
—In
a
text
message,
88
means
Bye-bye.
—And
another
example
is
F2F
_______________
stands
for
face
to
face.
A.
that
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
it
8.
After
Mandela
was
free
(自由的)
in
1990,
he
chose
to
shake
hands
with
the
people
_______________
wanted
to
kill
him.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
/
D.
who
9.
The
book
in
_______________
I
have
much
interest
now
is
Around
the
World
in
Eighty
Days.
A.
that
B.
who
C.
which
D.
whose
10.
He
always
forgets
all
the
things
_______________
he
needs
to
do.
A
.what
B.
that
C.
that
what
D.
which
11.
—Did
you
travel
anywhere
this
vacation?
—Yes.
I
was
shown
around
an
old
house
_______________
was
built
in
1806.
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
12.
Someone
_______________
you
know
might
really
need
the
money.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
that
D.
who
13.
This
is
the
best
show
_______________
I
have
seen
so
far.
A.
when
B.
what
C.
that
14.
The
man
_______________
lives
next
to
us
is
my
English
teacher.
A.
whom
B.
which
C.
who
15.
—Only
You
is
a
TV
program
_______________
is
popular
with
most
young
people.
—Yes,
it
is
definitely
true.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
what
D.
who
16.
You
are
talented
young
adults
_______________
are
full
of
hope
for
the
future.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
who
D.
where
17.
—What
do
you
think
of
the
show
Readers
on
CCTV?
—It’s
a
great
TV
show
_______________
expresses
our
true
feelings
by
reading
aloud
in
public.
A.
whom
B.
who
C.
whose
D.
that
18.
—Do
you
know
the
man
_______________
is
talking
with
our
Chinese
teacher?
—Yes.
He
is
my
uncle,
Mr.
King.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
whose
19.
My
grandparents
like
stories
_______________
have
happy
endings.
A.
they
B.
who
C.
which
D.
/
20.
—Why
are
you
so
worried?
—I’ve
lost
the
watch
_______________
my
dad
bought
me
on
my
birthday.
A.
what
B.
who
C.
whose
D.
which
21.
Ode
to
Joy（《欢乐颂》）is
a
TV
play
_______________
many
people
like.
A.
why
B.
that
C.
who
22.
A
kind
of
shared
bike
_______________
is
called
bluegogo
is
getting
more
and
more
popular
in
Chengdu.
A.
it
B.
who
C.
which
23.
—Which
song
do
you
like
better,
Maria?
—I
prefer
the
song
Manual
of
Youth
_______________
is
sung
by
TFBOYS.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
where
24.
The
students
love
the
teachers
_______________
can
make
their
lessons
fun.
A.
whom
B.
who
C.
whose
D.
which
【专题训练】
1.
A【解析】句意：——你正在找什么？——我正在找一本讲解英国历史的书。根据先行词是物，所以引导词用which
或者that，故选A。
2.
D【解析】句意：——你在干什么？——我在读上周你借给我的书。what什么；who谁；when当……的时候；
that那。先行词the
book表示物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词that代替，故选D。
3.
C【解析】句意：——你为什么叫他万事通先生?
——因为他几乎知道一切我们想知道的。1)先行词是不定代词：all,
few,
little,
much,
something,
nothing,
anything等。2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。3)先行词被all,
any,
every,
each,
few,
little,
no,
some等修饰。4)先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last
修饰时。5)先行词既有人又有物时。故选C。
4.
A【解析】句意：——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的，他是一个伟大的人，他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机构，学校和医院。这是一个定语从句，先行词是人，故用who/whom引导，在从句中作主语时用who，故选A。
5.
B【解析】句意：没有人知道未来会发生什么。无论
哪种句式结构充当宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。主句的谓语动词是过去式从句的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时态。若从句表达的是真理或客观事实，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态从句都要用一般现在时。根据in
the
future可知该用一般将来时。故选B。
6.
B【解析】句意：他总是忘记所有他需要去做的事情。本题考查定语从句的用法，先行词是all
the
things，故关系词用that。故选B。
7.
A【解析】句意：——在短信中，88的意思是再见。——另一个例子是F2F表示面对面。结合语境可知下文先行词F2F作下文定语从句的逻辑主语，指物，故引导词用that，选A。
8.
D【解析】句意：在一九九零年，Mandela获得自由之后，他选择了和曾经想要杀他的人握手。分析：考查定语从句的用法，先行词people，先行词在从句中作主语，因此选择引导词who。故选D
9.
C【解析】句意：现在我有很大兴趣的那本书是《环游世界80天》。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the
book，关系词代替the
book且在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，和in连用只能用which，故选C。
10.
B【解析】句意：他总是忘记他需要做的所有事情。he
needs
to
do是定语从句，先行词是things，当先行词是不定代词all,
much,
little,
something,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
none,
the
one时或被all,
any,
every,
each,
few,
little,
no,
some等修饰时，用引导词that。故选B。
11.
C【解析】句意：——这个假期你去任何地方旅游了吗？——是的，我参观了一个在1806年建造的房子。这里考查定语从句，先行词是物，关系词用that来引导。故选C。
12.
C【解析】句意：你认识的某个人可能真的需要钱。you
know
这里缺少的是一个宾语成分，而这是一个定语从句，someone是先行词，当先行词是不定代词的时候，关系代词用that，故选C。
13.
C【解析】句意：这是我迄今看过的最好的展示。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是物并有最高级修饰，关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系词用that，故选C。
14.
B【解析】句意：那个住在我们旁边的人是我的英语老师。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the
man，关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中作主语，所以用who，故选C。
15.
A【解析】句意：——《只有你》是一个深受大多数年轻人喜爱的电视节目。——是的，这是千真万确的。考查定语从句的关联词，what不能引导定语从句，首先排除C；that的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。本句的先行词TV
program指物，在定语从句中作主语，故选A。
16.
C【解析】句意：你是有才华的年轻人，对未来充满希望。此句的先行词是young
adults，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语。which只能指代物，when和where只能作状语；who指代人，可以在定语从句中作主语，并且不能省略。故选C。
17.
D【解析】句意：——你对中央电视台的节目《朗读者》有什么看法？——这是一个很棒的电视节目，通过公开朗读来表达我们的真实感受。A.
whom关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中只能作宾语；B.
who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语；C.
whose先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作定语；D.
that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。此句的先行词为TV
show，指物，因此引导词要用关系代词that，在定语从句中作主语，故选D。
18.
B【解析】句意：——你知道那个和我们的语文老师谈话的人吗？——是的，他是我的叔叔，King先生。which引导定语从句，是关系代词，先行词为物；who引导定语从句，关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或者宾语；whom是关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中只能作宾语；whose….的。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，先行词是the
man，故排除A；定语从句中缺少主语，故应选B。
19.
C【解析】句意：我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories（故事）表示物，需用关系代词that或which，引导词同时做从句的主语，根据句意结构，故选C。
20.
D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——你为什么这么担心？——我丢了爸爸给我买了我的生日礼物我的手表。这里是定语从句，先行词是watch手表，是物，所以关系词用which，故选D。
21.
B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：欢乐颂是一部很多人喜欢的电视剧。A.
why
为什么；B.
that
在定语从句中，可以指人，也可以指物。
C.
who在定语从句中做主语指人。先行词是a
TV
play指物，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，所以用that，故选B。
22.
C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一种被称为小蓝单车的共享单车在成都变得越来越受欢迎。空格前后都是句子，所以空格处应该用连词，故排除A；这里先行词是bike，指物，who指人的，故排除B；which是指物的；故选C。
23.
A【解析】句意：——Maria，你比较喜欢哪首歌？——我比较喜欢由
TFBOYS演唱的《青春修炼手册》。
首先分析句子结构，本句中的is
sung
by
TFBOYS在复合句中作定语从句，其中先行词the
song
Manual
of
Youth指物，且在定语从句中作逻辑主语，所以关系代词用that/which，故选A。
24.
B【解析】句意：学生们喜欢使他们的课有趣的老师。修饰先行词teachers的定语从句中，缺少主语，用关系代词who，故选B。
关系副词的基本用法
【专题训练】
1.
Have
you
ever
heard
of
the
news
___________
is
about
the
Strawberry
Concert?
A.
who
B.
what
C.
which
D.
when
2.
Language
learning
isn’t
hard
itself.
The
attitude
___________
you
have
decided
if
you
can
learn
it
well
at
last
A.
what
B.
who
C.
which
3.
The
panda
is
a
kind
of
animal
___________
I
like
best.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
where
D.
what
4.
The
beautiful
girl
___________
came
here
last
Saturday
is
my
friend.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
whom
D.
who
5.
There
will
be
a
flower
show
in
the
park
___________
we
visited
last
week.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
6.
Do
you
know
the
man
___________
saved
five
people
in
the
fire?
A.
who
B.
it
C.
when
D.
whom
7.
—Where
is
the
School
English
Speech
Contest
going
to
be
held
tonight?
—I’m
not
sure.
Is
it
in
the
hall
___________
can
hold
300
people?
A.
where
B.
what
C.
that
D.
when
8.
It’s
bad
for
health
to
hurry
to
move
into
a
house
___________
has
new
furniture
in
it.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
that
9.
I
know
a
place
___________
we
can
have
a
big
meal.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
10.
—Do
you
like
swimming
in
winter?
—Of
course.
The
water
___________
a
bit
cold
at
first
but
then
I
am
warm
and
full
of
energy.
A.
tastes
B.
feels
C.
smells
D.
looks
11.
—Which
song
do
you
like
better,
Lucy?
—I
prefer
the
song
Little
Apple
___________
can
attract
many
people.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
where
12.
The
dog
___________
played
with
you
just
now
is
___________.
A.
which;
mine
B.
which;
my
C.
what;
mine
D.
what;
my
13.
Studying
in
groups
is
a
popular
way
___________
can
develop
students’
ability.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
who
D.
whom
14.
Do
you
know
Deng
Ziqi
___________
sings
the
song
Pao
Mo.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
when
D.
where
15.
—What
are
you
doing?
—I’m
reading
the
book
___________
you
lent
me
last
week.
A.
what
B.
who
C.
when
D.
that
16.
I
like
the
city
___________
the
people
are
really
kind
and
friendly.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
who
17.
I
can’t
remember
the
place
_______________
I
lived
many
years
ago.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
／
18.
—_______________
is
the
teacher
_______________
gave
us
the
talk
yesterday?
—She
is
having
a
meeting.
A.
Where;
who
B.
Who;
whose
C.
What;
who
D.
What;
which
19.
Tony,
tell
me
the
result
of
the
discussion
_______________
you
had
with
your
dad
yesterday.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
20.
—What
are
you
doing,
Tim?
—I
am
listening
to
the
song
Long
Live
_______________
makes
me
feel
excited.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
/
【参考答案】
【专题训练】
1.
C【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是news指物，在定语从句中做主语，所以使用关系代词which。
2.
C【解析】考查定语从句。Which这个关系代词指代The
attitude。在定语从句中做decided的宾语。
3.
B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：熊猫是我最喜欢的一种动物。此题考查定语从句，因为animals是物，故用which，根据句意，故选B。
4.
D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上周六来这里的那个漂亮女孩儿是我的朋友。本句中有一个定语从句，先行词是girl，排除AB，在定语从句中做主语，排除C。所以选择who来作引导词。
5.
C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在上周我参观的那个花园里要有一个花展。此题考查定语从句，因为先行词是park指物又做visit的宾语；根据句意，故选C。
6.
A【解析】考查定语从句。此题考查定语从句。根据句意：你知道在大火中救出五个人的那个男的吗？修饰人的用who并且在句子里作主语，因此答案选A。
7.
C【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句。先行词是hall，表示地点，所以用that。
8.
C【解析】考查定语从句。考查定语从句。定语从句缺少主语，关系代词用who,
which或that，先行词house指物，因此用which或that。
9.
B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我知道一个我们可以大吃一顿的地方。要确定正确的关系词，首先要找出先行词在从句中当什么成分，特别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词！因为它们在从句中可以是表示时间、地点或原因，但它们也可以在从句中当主语，宾语或其它句子成份。在该句中。先行词place在从句中作地点状语，所以该用关系副词where，因此选B。
10.
B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你喜欢在冬天游泳吗？当然。起初感觉水有点冷，但随后我感到温暖和充满活力。tastes尝起来；feels觉得；smells闻起来；looks看起来。所以选B。
11.
A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——露西，你更喜欢哪一首歌？——我较喜欢吸引许多人的小苹果。定语从句，当先行词是事物时，用关系词that，which；当先行词是人时，用关系词who，whom，that；当先行词指地点时，用关系词where。先行词the
song
Little
Apple指事物，故选A。
12.
A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：刚才和你一起玩的那条狗是我的。Which哪一个；what什么；mine名词性物主代词，我的；my形容词性物主代词，我的。形容词性物主代词在句只用作定语；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语。先行词dog在定语从句中作主语可用关系代词which代替。所以选A。
13.
A【解析】考查定语从句。关系代词which指代way，在定语从句中作主语。
14.
B【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句引导词的用法，句意：你认识唱《泡沫》歌曲的邓紫棋吗？引导词在
定语从句中作主语，先行词是人，故选B。
15.
D【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the
book是物，题目中作lend的宾语，因此用that。
16.
C【解析】句意：我喜欢这个城市，那里的人们非常善良和友好。A.
that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B.
which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C.
where先行词是地点名词，在定语从句中作状语；D.
who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。此句的先行词是the
city，为地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，引导词用where，答案为C。
17.
C【解析】句意：我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。the
place后跟的是一个定语从句，先行词是the
place，指地点，在定语从句中作状语从句，故用where作关系词。故选C。
18.
A【解析】where询问的是地点；who询问的是人物；what引导宾语从句，作从句的逻辑主语或者宾语；根据答语She
is
having
a
meeting（她正在开会）可知，问题应该是问那个老师在哪里，所以第一个空格填Where。who引导的定语从句，在从句里作主语，whose意思是＂谁的＂，作定语；which的先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语。第二个空：结合句意及句子特点可知为定语从句，根据题意可知，先行词是the
teacher，引导词在从句里作主语的成分，所以应用who。故选A。
19.
B【解析】what不能引导定语从句；which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when关系副词，指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；根据the
discussion
_______________
you
had
with
your
dad
yesterday可知本句中先行词是discussion，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词用which，故选B。
20.
A【解析】句意：——蒂姆，你正在做什么？——我正在听歌曲《万岁》，这首歌使我感到很兴奋。先行词是the
song
Long
Live，
指物，且在从句中作主语，故选A。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【专题训练】
1.
The
book
in
_______________
I
have
much
interest
now
is
Around
the
World
in
Eighty
Days.
A.
that
B.
who
C.
which
D.
whose
2.
This
is
the
room
in
I
used
to
live.
A.
which
B.
why
C.
who
D.
when
3.
He
showed
me
around
the
school
he
studied
three
years
ago.
A.
that
B.
when
C.
in
which
D.
there
4.
He
is
the
teacher
class
we
all
like.
A.
when
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
whose
5.
—Please
tell
me
something
about
Yang
Liwei.
—He
is
a
great
astronaut
of
all
the
Chinese
are
proud.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
whom
6.
I
like
the
city
_____the
people
are
really
kind
and
friendly.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
who
7.
I
can’t
remember
the
place
I
lived
many
years
ago.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.／
8.
When
Robinson
Crusoe
got
to
the
island,
the
first
thing
he
did
was
to
look
for
some
food.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whom
9.
—There
are
so
many
girls
over
there.
Which
one
is
your
sister?
—The
one
hat
is
yellow.
A.
who
B.
whose
C.
that
D.
which
10.
The
last
place
we
visited
was
the
Summer
Palace.
A.
where
B.
that
C.
why
11.
One
of
the
most
delicious
drinks
I
like
is
orange
juice.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
whom
12.
Tom
did
all
he
could
to
get
on
well
his
classmates.
A.
which；with
B.
that；/
C.
that；with
D.
/；/
13.
Creating
an
atmosphere
_____________
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
A.
as
B.
whose
C.
in
which
D.
at
which
【参考答案】
【跟踪训练】
1.
C【解析】句意：现在我有很大兴趣的那本书是《环游世界80天》。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the
book，关系词代替the
book且在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，和in连用只能用which，故选C。
2.
A【解析】句意：这是我过去居住的房间。which哪个；why为什么；who谁；when什么时候。此处先行词是the
room，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用which。
3.
C【解析】他带我参观了他三年前学习的学校。when什么时候。先行词是the
school，指物，定语从句中缺少状语，故选C。
4.
D【解析】句意：他是我们都喜欢他课的那个老师。when什么时候；who谁；whom谁，在定语从句中作宾语；whose谁的。故选D。
5.
D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——请告诉我一些关于杨利伟的事。——他是一个伟大的宇航员个，所有的中国人都感到自豪。答语是一个定语从句，先行词astronaut是人，并且关系代词做介词of的宾语，所以用宾格形式。故选D。
6.
C【解析】句意：我喜欢这个城市，那里的人们非常善良和友好。A.
that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B.
which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C.
where先行词是地点名词，在定语从句中作状语；D.
who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。此句的先行词是the
city，为地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，引导词用where，答案为C。
7.
C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我记不起许多年前我住的地方了。the
place后跟的是一个定语从句，先行词是the
place，指地点，用where作关系词。故选C。
8.
B【解析】who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；that
关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which
关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom
关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。但是如果先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词只用
that；
根据
the
first
thing
he
did
was
可知先行词
是被
the
first
序数词修饰，所以关系词应该用
that，故选B。
9.
B【解析】who
在定语从句中作主语，that
在定语从句中可以作主语和宾语，which
在定语从句中可以作主语和宾语。whose
表示属于某人所有，引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语，修饰
hat。故选B。
10.
B【解析】先行词前面有
the
last
修饰，根据＂当先行词被the
only，the
very，
the
right，the
last
修饰时，必须要用
that
来引导定语从句。故选B。
11.
B【解析】无论先行词是＂人＂还是＂物＂，只要它们前面有最高级词或序数词作
定语，后面的定语从句都要用关系代词
that
来引导。故选B。
12.
C【解析】在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果先行词为
all，everything，anything，
nothing，little，much
等不定代词，关系代词只能用
that.
根据
Tom
did
all
_____________
he
could可知这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是
all，所以应该用
that；短语
get
on
well
with
sb.，和某人相处得好；故选C。
13.
C
【解析】句意：营造一种氛围，让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子，这是一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere，空处在定语从句中作地点状语，＂在……氛围中＂用介词in，所以选C。
【模拟训练】
一、巩固训练
1.一Would
you
like
some
fried
rice?
---I
would
rather
eat
noodles
________have
beef
in
them.
A.that
B.than
C.what
D.as
2.The
English-Chinese
dictionary
__________
my
father
bought
for
me
many
years
ago
is
so
value.
A.
whose
B.
when
C.
who
D.that
3.
One
of
the
most
interesting
places
in
Yangzhou
_______
are
often
visited
by
foreigners
is
the
West
Slender
Lake.
A.what
B.who
C.that
D./
4.
Zhang
Lili
is
considered
as
the
most
beautiful
teacher
_______
gave
her
love
to
her
students
in
danger.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
which
5.
I
don't
like
the
present
my
father
bought
me
on
my
birthday.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
what
D.
as
6.
---Who
is
the
man
_______
was
talking
to
our
English
teacher?
---Oh!
It’s
Mr.
Baker,
our
maths
teacher.
A.
he
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
which
7.
I
hate
the
people
________
don’t
help
others
when
they
are
in
trouble.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
they
D.
where
8.
The
foreigner
_________
visited
our
school
is
from
Canada.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
who
D.
whom
9.
George
Mallory
was
an
English
school
teacher
_______
loved
climbing.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
he
D.
which
10.
Mr.
White,
______
car
had
been
stolen,
came
to
the
policeman.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
which
11.
This
is
the
house
_______
I
want
to
buy.
A.
in
which
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
where
12.
---Does
the
teacher
know
everybody
_______
planted
the
trees?
---Yes,
he
does.
A.
which
B.
whose
C.
where
D.
that
13.
The
letter
_______
I
received
from
him
yesterday
is
very
important.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
what
D.
that
14.
---Where
is
the
scientist
________
gave
us
the
talk
yesterday?
---He
has
gone
back
to
Qinghua
University.
A.
whom
B.
who
C.
whose
D.
which
15.
I
hate
people
_______
talk
much
but
do
little.
A.
whom
B.
who
C.
whose
D.
which
16.
---Who
is
the
man
______
was
talking
to
our
English
teacher?
---Oh!
It’s
Mr
Baker,
our
maths
teacher.
A.
he
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
which
17.
I
hate
the
people
_______
don’t
help
others
when
they
are
in
trouble.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
they
D.
where
18.
The
foreigner
_________
visited
our
school
is
from
Canada.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
who
D.
whom
19.
George
Mallory
was
an
English
school
teacher
_______
loved
climbing.
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
he
D.
which
20.
This
is
the
place
____I
have
ever
visited.
A.
there
B.
when
C.
where
D.
which
21.
I’ve
become
good
friends
with
several
of
the
students
in
my
school
_______________
I
met
in
the
English
speech
contest
last
year
A.
whom
B.
whose
C.
which
D.
where
22.
Every
time
I
go
to
ask
him
for
help,
he
always
says,＂There’s
nothing
_______________
I
can
do
for
you.
Go
to
ask
somebody
else.＂
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
23.
The
earth
is
the
only
planet
_______________
provides
us
with
everything
we
need.
It’s
our
duty
to
protect
it.
A.
who
B.
what
C.
that
24.
She
is
talking
about
the
school
and
teachers
_______________
we
visited
last
month.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
where
D.
that
25.
It
is
the
school
rooftop
_______________
a
group
of
Shanghai
students
have
grown
vegetables.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
where
26.
I’ll
never
forget
the
poor
school
_______________
I
visited
three
years
ago.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
Who
27.
I
still
remember
the
college
and
the
teachers
_______________
I
visited
in
London
two
years
ago.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
what
D.
that
28.—Do
you
know
the
little
boy
_______________
is
helping
the
old
man
cross
the
road?
—No.
But
how
nice
he
is!
A.
which
B.
who
C.whom
D.
\
29.
Who
is
the
lady
_______________
is
standing
under
the
tree?
A.who
B.whose
C.which
D.that
30.The
woman
_______________
son
won
the
first
prize
in
the
competition
was
very
proud.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
whose
31
—Sally,
which
room
would
you
like
to
_______________?
—I
like
to
live
in
a
room
_______________
is
bright
enough.
A.
live
in;
that
B.
live
in;
where
C.
live;
that
D.
live;
where
32.
The
factory
_______________
I
am
going
to
is
the
place
_______________
my
mother
used
to
work
many
years
ago.
A.
where;
where
B.
where;
which
C.
which;
where
D.
which;
which
33.
Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
_______________
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.
A.
where
B.
who
C.
what
D.
which
34.
—Sally,
which
room
would
you
like
to
_______________?
—I
like
to
live
in
a
room
_______________
is
bright
enough.
A.
live
in;
that
B.
live
in;
where
C.
live;
that
D.
live;
where
35.
The
factory
_______________
I
am
going
to
is
the
place
_______________
my
mother
used
to
work
many
years
ago.
A.
where;
where
B.
where;
which
C.
which;
where
D.
which;
which
36.
Happiness
and
success
often
come
to
those
_______________
are
good
at
recognizing
their
own
strengths.
A.
where
B.
who
C.
what
D.
which
37.
—_______________
is
the
teacher
_______________
gave
us
the
talk
yesterday?
—She
is
having
a
meeting.
A.
Where;
who
B.
Who;
whose
C.
What;
who
D.
What;
which
38.
Tony,
tell
me
the
result
of
the
discussion
_______________
you
had
with
your
dad
yesterday.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
二、句型转换。
1、The
girl
is
my
cousin.
The
girl
is
wearing
glasses.
（改为定语从句）
The
girl
_______________
wearing
g1asses
is
my
cousin.
2、Zhai
zhigang
became
the
first
Chinese
astronaut
to
walk
in
space.
（改为定语从句）
Zhai
zhigang
became
the
first
Chinese
astronaut
_______________
_______________
in
space.
3、The
girl
with
a
flower
in
her
hand
is
my
sister.
（改为含定语从句的复合句）
The
girl
_______________
_______________
a
flower
in
her
hand
is
my
sister.
4、That’s
quite
a
beautiful
house.
I
used
to
live
in
it.
（合并成含有定语从句的复合句）
The
house
_______________
I
used
to
live
in
_______________
quite
beautiful.
5、The
man
with
a
pair
of
glasses
is
my
physics
teacher.
（改为定语从句）
The
man
_______________
_______________
a
pair
of
glasses
is
my
physics
teacher.
三、用适当的关系代词填空。
1.
This
is
the
house
in
I
lived
ten
years
ago.
2.
The
man
from
I
borrowed
the
book
is
Li
Lei.
3.
This
is
the
car
for
he
paid
fifty
thousand
dollars.
4.
He
was
surprised
at
you
said
to
him
yesterday
afternoon.
四、用适当的介词填空。
1.
Do
you
like
the
book
which
she
paid
$10?
2.
Do
you
like
the
book
which
she
learned
a
lot?
3.
Do
you
like
the
book
which
she
often
talks?
4.
The
library
which
students
often
study
was
on
fire
last
night.
5.
The
reason
which
he
didn’t
come
was
that
he
was
ill.
6.
I’ll
never
forget
the
time
which
I
lived
in
the
countryside.
7.
The
woman
whom
Spielberg
is
married
is
an
actress.
8.
She
didn’t
know
the
teacher
whom
I
turned
for
advice.
9.
China
has
a
lot
of
rivers,
the
second
longest
which
is
the
Yellow
River.
【参考答案】
【模拟检测】
1.A【解析】关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。
2.D【解析】关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语。
3.C【解析】关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。
4.B【解析】先行词被最高级the
most
beautiful修饰了，所以关系代词用that。
5.A【解析】关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。
6.B【解析】关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。
7.A【解析】关系代词who在定语从句中作主语。
8.C【解析】关系代词who在定语从句中作主语。
9.A【解析】关系代词who在定语从句中作主语。
10.C【解析】whose在定语从句作定语修饰car，表示所属关系。
11.B【解析】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语。
12.D【解析】关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。
13.D【解析】关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语。
14.B【解析】关系代词who在定语从句中作主语。
15.B【解析】关系代词who在定语从句中作主语。
16.B【解析】关系代词that在句中作主语。
17.A【解析】关系代词在句中作主语，表示人，用who。
18.C【解析】关系代词who代替先行词，在句中作主语。
19.A【解析】关系代词只带人作主语。
20.D【解析】先行词是地点，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以用which。
21.
A【解析】句意：我已经和我们学校几个学生成好朋友了，他们是我去年英语演讲比赛时遇见的。根据句意可知，这是定语从句，in
my
school是介词短语作定语修饰the
students,
所以先行词是students,
是人，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，结合选项，故选A。
22.
A【解析】句意：每次我让他帮忙，他总是说我没有能为你做的，去问其他人吧。A.
that那；B.
which哪一个；C.
what什么，这是一个定语从句结构，先行词是nothing不定代词，引导词用that；故选A
23.
C【解析】句意：地球是唯一为我们提供所需物品的星球。
保护它是我们的责任。本句包含了一个定语从句，先行词是planet＂行星＂，先行词在定语从句中做主语，先行词是物，可以选用that/which，选项A只能做先行词是人的关系词，选项B不能做定语从句的引导词，故排除A、B，先行词有only修饰，只能使用that来做关系词，故选C。
24.
D【解析】句意：她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点名词，作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰人或事物，作主语或宾语。根据the
school
and
teachers可知此处既修饰人，又修饰事物，故用that引导定语从句，故选D。
25.
D【解析】句意：这是那个学校屋顶，一群上海的学生在那里种蔬菜。which修饰事物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。that修饰事物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语，宾语或表语；where引导定语从句，在句中作状语。此处修饰地点名词the
school
rooftop，定语从句中主语，谓语和宾语齐全，故用where作地点状语，故选D。
26.
A【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记三年之前我参观的那个贫穷的学校。这里是which引导的定语从句，先行词是the
poor
school，关系词用which。故选A。
27.
D【解析】句意：我仍然记得两年前在伦敦我访问的大学和老师。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句的用法，先行词是the
college
and
the
teachers，既有人也有物，所以关系词只能用that，故选D。
28.
B【解析】句意：——你认识帮助老人过马路的那个小男孩吗？——不，但他是多么的好呀！先行词the
little
boy在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词who代替，故选B。
29.
D【解析】句意：站在树下的那位女士是谁？who谁；whose谁的；which哪一个；that那。先行词the
lady在定语从句中作主语，在主句中含有疑问词who，所以可以用关系代词that代替。故选D。
30.
C【解析】句意：在这个比赛中这个妇女的儿子赢得一等奖她非常的骄傲。本题考查定语从句的的用法，关系词在定语从句中作定语故用whose.。故选C。
31.
A【解析】根据which
room
would
you
like
to可知这里考查live的用法，live
是一个不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，如果跟宾语的话，需要加其它的词，在这里room作它的宾语，表示住在这个房间里，所以需要加介词in；再根据I
like
to
live
in
a
room
_______________
is
bright
enough，本部分考查的是定语从句，room是先行词，定语从句中缺少主语，that可作主语，where,
how,
in
which不可作主语。选A。
32.
C【解答】考查定语从句的辨析。where
引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，等于介词+which；which哪一个，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语，一般指物。根据题意可知，先行词为factory，指物，going
to后面缺少一个宾语，故用which引导此定语从句；句子表语the
place是第二个空格的先行词，而后面my
mother
used
to
work
many
years
ago缺少的是地点状语，与先行词the
place之间要用介词in连接，在定语从句中in
which可用where表达，故用where引导，故选C。
33.
B【解答】本句考查的是定语从句。先行词是those＂那些人＂，指人，同时引导词又在后面的定语从句中作主语，故用who。
34.
A【解析】根据
which
room
would
you
like
to，可知这里考查
live
的用法，live是一个不及物动词，
后面不能直接跟宾语，如果跟宾语的话，需要加其它的词，在这里room作它的宾语，表示住在这个房间里，所以需要加介词
in；再根据I
like
to
live
in
a
room
_______________
is
bright
enough，本部分考查的是定语从句，room是先行词，定语从句中缺少主语。that
可作主语，where、how、in
which
不可作主语。故选A。
35.C【解析】本题考查定语从句的辨析.
where
引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，等于介词+which；which，哪一个，引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语，
一般指物.
根据题意可知，先行词为
factory，指物，going
to
后面缺少一个宾语
故用
which
引导此定语从句；句子表语
the
place
真是第二个空格的先行词，而后面
my
mother
used
to
work
many
years
ago
缺少的是地点状语，与先行词
the
place
要用介词
in
连接，
在定语从句中
in
which
可用
where
表达，故用
where
引导，故选C。
36.
B【解析】本句考查的是定语从句：先行词是
those＂那些人＂，指人，同时引导
词又在后面的定语从句中作主语，故用
who。
37.
A【解析】第一个空：where
询问的是地点；who
询问的是人物；what
引导宾
语从句，做从句的逻辑主语或者宾语；根据回答
She
is
having
a
meeting（她正在开会）
可知，问题应该是问那个老师在哪里，所以第一个空格填
where。
第二个空：结合句意及句子特点可知为定语从句，先行词为
the
teacher，表人；who
引
导的定语从句，在从句里做主语的成分，whose
意思是＂谁的＂表物主，作定语；which
的先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据题意可知，先行词是
the
teacher，引导词在从
句里做主语的成分，所以应用
who.
综合起来，故选
A。
38.
B【解析】what不能引导定语从句；which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when关系副词，指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；根据the
discussion
you
had
with
your
dad
yesterday.可知本句中先行词是discussion，指物，是定语从句的宾语，所以应该用
which，故选B。
二、句型转换。
1、who/that
is
2、that
walked
3、who/that
has/holds
4、which,
is
5、who/that
wears/has
三、用适当的词填空。
1.
which
2.
whom
3.
which
4.
What
四、用适当的介词填空。
1.
for
2.
from
3.
about
4.
in
5.
for
6.
during
7.
to
8.
to
9.
of
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考点17
定语从句
命题趋势
定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
考查题型：
对定语从句的考查主要分布在单项选择、完形填空和词语运用题中。
考查重点：
关系代词的用法；
关系副词的用法；
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
一、定语从句概述
1、定语从句的定义：
定语是用来修饰限定名词或者代词的成分，用来说明所修饰词的品质特征。在句中起定语作用，相当于形容词，修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。
2、定语从句的基本特征：
①
先行词：定语从句所修饰的词。先行词一定是名词性的内容（名词、代词；代词其实是名词性的一种）
②
关系词：连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成分的连词。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，
which，
who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，
when，
why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
③
关系词的三个作用：代替先行词、连接主句和定语从句、充当定语从句的某一个句子成分。
④
定语从句所缺句子成分：主语、宾语、表语和状语。
3、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
注意：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。
Xiao
Li
came
to
see
me
off,
which
was
very
kind
of
her.
小李来看给我们送行，她真好。
He
didn’t
pass
the
exam,
which
surprised
us.
他考试没过，令我们很惊讶。
4、定语从句引导词——关系词的用法
关系代词的基本用法
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose
指物
which/that
which/that/省略
The
man
who/that
spoke
at
the
meeting
is
from
Hong
Kong.
会上发言的人来自香港。
The
building
which/that
is
being
built
will
be
used
as
a
hospital.
在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I
visited
a
scientist
whose
name
is
known
all
over
the
world.
我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
【例】I
don’t
know
the
teacher
______________
is
talking
with
Miss
Wang.
A.
what
B.
whom
C.
which
D.
who
【答案】D
【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。
关系代词的基本用法
1.who指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略如:
The
boys
who
are
playing
football
are
from
Class
One.
正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those
who
want
to
go
to
the
museum
must
be
at
the
school
gate
at
7
tomorrow
morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday
I
helped
an
old
man
who
had
lost
his
way.
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That
is
the
teacher
who
teaches
us
physics.
那就是教我们物理的老师。
【例1】That
is
the
boy.
He
did
a
very
good
job.
第一个句子中the
boy
和第二个句子中he是重复部分，boy指人，由于在从句中做主语，可以用关系代词that/who来代替he,就可以改写为：
That
is
the
boy
that/who
did
a
very
good
job.
主句：That
is
the
boy
先行词：the
boy
关系词：that/who（在从句中做主语，不可省略）
从句：that/who
did
a
very
good
job.
【例2】Do
you
know
the
old
man.
They
talked
about
the
old
man.
在第一个句子中the
old
man
和第二个句子中
the
old
man
是重复部分，old
man指人，由于在从句中做宾语，可以用关系词that/who/whom来代替the
old
man
就可以改写为：
Do
you
know
the
old
man
that/who/whom
they
talked
about?
主句：Do
you
know
the
old
man
先行词：the
old
man
关系词：that/who/whom
从句：that/who/whom
they
talked
about
【例3】We
all
like
the
boy.
The
boy’s
name
is
Tom.
在第一个句子中the
boy和第二句中the
boy’s是重复部分，由于the
boy’s是所有格的形式，所以用关系代词whose来代替the
boy’s,就可以改写为
We
all
like
the
boy
whose
name
is
Tom.
主句：We
all
like
the
boy
先行词：the
boy
关系词：whose（作定语来修饰the
boy）
从句：whose
name
is
Tom.
2.
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致（在人称和数上保持一致）。如：
He
is
one
of
the
boys
who
like
playing
basketball.
他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He
is
the
one
of
the
boys
who
likes
playing
basketball.
他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
1.Anyone
who
finishes
homework
can
go
home.
关系词who在从句中做主语，谓语动词取决于先行词anyone，anyone属于不定代词，谓语动词用单数，所以finishes用单三形式。
2.
I
found
the
dogs
that
were
sleeping
in
the
garden.
关系词that在从句中做主语，谓语动词取决于先行词the
dogs，the
dogs是负数形式，由于时态是过去时，所以be动词用were.
3.
whom指人，做宾语，前面没有介词时可以省略，如果有介词则不能省略如：
（1）I
know
the
boy
about
whom
they
are
talking.（whom前有介词about，所以whom不可以省略）
=I
know
the
boy
whom
they
are
talking
about.（whom前无介词，可以省略）
（2）She
is
the
girl
with
whom
I
usually
go
shopping.（whom前有介词with，所以whom不可以省略）
=She
is
the
girl
whom
I
usually
go
shopping
with.（whom前无介词，可以省略）
注意：关系代词whom常可用who来代替，也可省略。但是当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom不能用who。
The
man
(whom/who)
you
met
just
now
is
my
old
friend.你刚刚遇到的男人是我的老朋友。
Mr
Liu
is
the
person
about
whom
you
talked
on
the
bus.?刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
4.
which
指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。如：
Football
is
a
game
which
is
liked
by
most
boys.?足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The
factory
which
makes
computers
is
far
away
from
here.?制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
The
house
which
is
by
the
lake
looks
nice.?湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
The
film
(which)
they
went
to
see
last
night
was
not
interesting
at
all.?他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
【例】This
is
a
dream.
The
dream
will
never
come
true.
第一个句子中的
a
dream和第二个句子中的the
dream是重复部分，dream指物，由于在从句中做主
语，可以用关系代词that/which来代替the
dream，就可以改写为：
This
is
a
dream
that/which
will
never
come
true.
主句：This
is
a
dream.
先行词：a
dream
关系词：that/which（在从句中做主语，不可省略）
从句：that/which
will
never
come
true.
5.
that
引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who
或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如：
The
number
of
people
that/who
come
to
visit
this
city
each
year
reaches
one
million.??每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where
is
the
man
that/who/whom
I
saw
this
morning??我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
The
person
that
/who/whom
you
introduced
to
me
is
very
kind.
你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
The
season
that/which
comes
after
spring
is
summer.?春天以后的季节是夏季。
Yesterday
I
received
a
letter
that/which
came
from
Australia.?昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
【例】He
likes
the
present.
His
mother
bought
it
for
him.
第一个句子中the
present和第二个句子中it是重复部分，present指物，由于在从句中做宾语，可以用关系代词that/which来代替it，就可以改写为：
He
likes
the
present
that/which
his
mother
bought
for
him.
主句：He
likes
the
present.
先行词：the
present
关系词：that/which（在从句中做宾语，可以省略）
从句：that/which
his
mother
bought
for
him.
7.
whose?通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。如：
He
has
a
friend
whose
father
is
a
doctor.??他有个爸爸是医生的朋友。
I
lost
the
book
whose
cover
was
blue.
我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。
We
live
in
a
house
whose
windows
face
the
south.
我们住在一间窗户朝南的房子里。
The
classroom
whose
door
is
broken
will
soon
be
repaired.
门坏了的那个教室要马上修理。
【拓展一】通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which或who：
（1）当先行词是all,
any,
few,
little,
none,
anything,
everything,nothing
等不定代词时。
That’s
all
that
I
know.
那就是我所知道的一切。
Is
there
anything
that
I
can
do
for
you?
有没有什么我可以帮你做的？
He
answered
few
questions
that
the
teacher
asked.
【例】—Is
that
all?
—Yes.
That’s
all
______________
I
want
to
take.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
whose
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——就这些？——是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。
He
was
the
first
person
that
passed
the
exam.
他是第一个通过考试的人。
Look
at
the
apples.
You
can
see
the
two
that
you
gave
me.
看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
That
is
the
most
interesting
book
that
I
have
ever
read.
那是我看过的最有趣的书。
He
is
always
the
first
person
that
comes
to
school.
他总是第一个到学校的人。
（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who
is
the
girl
that
spoke
to
you
just
now?
刚刚和你说话的女孩是谁？
Which
is
the
pen
that
you
lost
?
你丢的是哪支笔。
（4）先行词被the
only，the
very，the
last，little，few,
the
only,
the
same等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This
is
the
same
bike
that
I
lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr.
Smith
is
the
only
foreigner
that
he
knows.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
We
were
deeply
impressed
by
the
teachers
and
schools
that
we
had
visited.
我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I
can
remember
well
the
persons
and
some
pictures
that
I
saw
in
the
room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
The
man
and
his
dog
that
I
always
meet
are
standing
by
the
gate.
我经常遇到的那个人和他的狗正站在门口。
I
will
never
forget
the
people
and
the
places
that
I
have
ever
visited.
我绝不会忘记我拜访过的人和地方。
（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s
a
book
that
will
help
you
a
lot.
这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
China
is
no
longer
the
country
that
it
was.
中国不再是以前那个国家了。
（7）主句是there
be
结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There
is
a
book
on
the
desk
that
belongs
to
Tom.
桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
【注意】关系词只能用which或，而不用that的情况：
（1）先行词为that，
those时，用which，而不用that。
What’s
that
which
is
under
the
desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This
is
the
room
in
which
he
lives.
这是他居住的房间。
This
is
the
room
that/which
Tom
lives
in.=
This
is
the
room
in
which
Tom
lives.
这是汤姆住的房子。
（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom
came
back,
which
made
us
happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
His
English,
which
used
to
be
poor,
is
excellent
now.
他的英语过去很烂，但现在很好了。
They
have
divorced,
which
is
unexpected.
他们离婚了，真的令人出乎意料。
关系副词的基本用法
1.
when?
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语when
=介词+which。如：
（1）I
will
never
forget
the
days.
We
studied
together
during
the
days.
第一句中the
days
和第二句中the
days是重复部分，由于the
days是时间，所以用表示时间的
关系副词when来代替during
the
days
,就可以改写为：
I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
we
studied
together.
=I
will
never
forget
the
days
during
which
we
studied
together.
主句：I
will
never
forget
the
days
先行词：the
days
关系词：when=during
which
从句：when
we
studied
together.
（2）She
will
never
forget
the
day.
She
was
married
on
that
day.
第一句中的the
day和第二句中的on
that
day是重复部分，由于
that
day指的是时间，所以用表示时间的关系副词when来代替on
that
day.就可以改写为：
She
will
never
forget
the
day
when
she
was
married.
=She
will
never
forget
the
day
on
which
she
was
married.
主句：She
will
never
forget
the
day
先行词：the
day
关系词：when=on
which
从句：on
which
she
was
married
2.
where?指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语where
=介词+which。
I
was
born
in
the
place.
在第一句中the
place和第二句中the
place是重复部分，由于the
place指的是地点，所以用表示地点的关系副词where来代替
in
the
place.就可以改写成：
I
want
to
know
the
place
where
I
was
born.=I
want
to
know
the
place
in
which
I
was
born.
主句：I
want
to
know
the
place
先行词：the
place
关系词：where=in
which
从句：where
I
was
born
2.The
table
is
a
new
one.
She
is
sitting
at
the
table.
第一句中the
table和第二句中the
table是重复部分，由于the
table在句中指代地点，所以用表示地点的关系副词where来代替the
table.就可以改写成：
The
table
where
she
is
sitting
is
a
new
one.=The
table
at
which
she
is
sitting
is
a
new
one.
主句：The
table
is
a
new
one.
先行词：the
table
关系词：where=at
which
从句：where
she
is
sitting
3.
why?指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。why
=for+which如：
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
you
missed
the
plane.?请告诉我你误机的原因。
The
reason
why
he
was
punished
is
unknown
to
us.?他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
he
looks
unhappy
today.?
我不知道他不开心的原因。
why
作原因状语,
其先行词常常是the
reason.
That
is
the
reason
I
was
late
for
the
reason
第一句中the
reason
和第二句中the
reason是重复部分，由于the
reason指的是原因，所以用表示原因的关系副词why来代替the
reason.就可以改写成：
That
is
the
reason
why
I
was
late.
=That
is
the
reason
for
which
I
was
late.
主句：That
is
the
reason
先行词：the
reason
关系词：why=for
which
从句：why
I
was
late
4.
关系副词=介词+关系代词。如：
when=during/on/in/...which
where=in/at/on/...which
why=for
which
典型例句
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
two
years
ago.
=
This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
Do
you
remember
the
day
on
which
you
joined
our
club?
=
Do
you
remember
the
day
when
you
joined
our
club?
This
is
the
reason
why
he
came
late.
=
This
is
the
reason
for
which
he
came
late.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The
school
(which/that)
he
once
studied
in
is
very
famous.
＝The
school
in
which
he
once
studied
is
very
famous.?他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
This
is
the
boy
(whom/who/that)
I
played
tennis
with
yesterday.
＝This
is
the
boy
with
whom
I
played
tennis
yesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
注意：若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who或that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。
要掌握＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下五点：
1.
某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的＂介词+关系词＂结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
two
years
ago.
→This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
这就是我两年以前住过的那间房子。
2.
＂介词
+
which
/
whom＂构成的定语从句。
介词后只能用which/whom，不用who/that，但当介词放在后面时，在限制性定语从句中，可用that代替which
/
whom，并且that可省略。在非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which/whom。
我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。
【误】The
problem
about
that
I
consulted
you
has
now
been
solved.
（错）
【正】The
problem
about
which
I
consulted
you
has
now
been
solved.
（对）
【正】The
problem
I
consulted
you
about
has
now
been
solved.
（对）
3.
＂名词+
介词+which
/
whom＂引导的定语从句
We
had
a
meeting
the
purpose
of
which
was
completely
unclear.
我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。
4.
在非限制性定语从句中，of
which
/
whom
可用来修饰不定代词
all,
each,
one,
many,
much,
more,
most,
any,
some,
a
few,
a
little,
none,
both,
several,
enough,
the
latter,
the
former等。
There
are
103
elements
found
in
nature,
most
of
which
are
metals.
自然界中发现了103种金属元素，大都是金属。
5.
＂介词+
which
+名词＂引导的定语从句。
which是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词/代词或句子的一部分，但更多的是来代表整个句子。其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如：case,
fact,
state,
time,
point等。
He
may
be
late,
in
which
case
we
ought
to
wait
for
him.他可能要迟到，因此我们应该等他。
【拓展二】定语从句中关系词应如何选择
正确选择关系词是解决定语从句的根本之道，可根据下面三点选择关系词：①辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。②分析代替先行词的关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分，是主语、宾语、表语、定语还是状语，缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语选用关系代词；不缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则缺少状语选用关系副词。③判断定语从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。
The
reason
which
he
gave
is
clearly
a
lie.
(which作宾语)
The
reason
why
she
refused
him
is
not
known.
(why作状语)
The
night
which
he
spent
together
with
his
friends
is
wonderful.
(which作宾语)
The
night
when
he
stayed
in
his
family
made
him
happy.
(when作状语)
【记忆技巧】
一、定语从句定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系
二、关系代词关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。
三、that用法that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。
四、that和which的区别that
which代表物，区别听我来叙述；?先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there
be，that应把which替；先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里；just，
the
only，very，same，last其后也要用that。
五、指人的关系代词指人可用that,
who，以下情况多用who；those
people作先行，there
be的结构中；先行指人不定代，从中作主who要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。
六、whose的用法定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。
七、as和which的区别as/which在句末，若有否定as错；句首只能用as，还有认知猜想词；固定结构用as,
the
same/such/so/as；so/such...that宾不离，so/such...as...宾要弃。
八、关系代词用法总结关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起；?关系代词作宾语，省与不省全靠你。
特殊情况只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用way作状语，in
which/
that
/略可以；one
of
+复作先行，从中谓语复数明；one前若有only/very，从中谓语定用单；定从名从可转换，all
that被what换。
【拓展】易错提醒
1.
当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
?This
is
the
house
which/that
was
built
by
my
grandfather
forty
years
ago.
这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）
2.
当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：
?It’s
helpful
to
put
children
in
a
situation
where
they
can
see
themselves
differently.
把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。
3.
当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：
?Do
you
remember
the
days
when
we
chatted
with
each
other
all
night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
?Do
you
remember
the
days
that/which
we
spent
together
on
the
farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）
【例】I
love
places
_______________
the
people
are
really
friendly.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
in
where
D.
where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我喜欢民风淳朴的地方。根据先行词是places，从句中缺少地点状语，可知引导词是in
which或者是where，故选D。
【例】We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
the
weather
may
be
better.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next
week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
【速记口诀】
主语、宾语、表语、定语
状语
关系副词
关系副词when/where/why，从中作状莫懈怠；
时间用when原因why，地点where经常在；
关系副词可替换，介词加上关系代；
关系代，关系代，that与who要除外；
挑选介词要聪明，必看动词和先行；
聪明反被聪明误，只因乱用关系副；
关系副，关系副，定缺主宾它不住；
它不住，它不住，关系代词来玩酷。
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