(共21张PPT)
今日课题
完形填空分类指导
（说明文）
教学内容
专题导读
1
高考典例
2
跟踪训练
3
栏目索引
说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。
专题导读
教学内容
1.明确说明对象，理清段落联系
在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
返回
说明类完形填空的解题技巧
教学内容
2.弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度：
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。
返回
说明类完形填空的解题技巧
教学内容
Imagine
the
first
days
in
a
new
time
zone.Slow
to
respond
to
the
28
，your
body
clock
is
confused.You’re
sleepy
all
day，but
when
it’s
time
for
bed，you
can
hardly
fall
asleep.Obviously
you’re
29
jet
lag(时差反应).
Travelers
have
traditionally
fought
this
30
with
sleeping
pills
or
alcohol.There
are
actually
healthier
ways
that
can
work
just
as
31
.
高考典例
教学内容
For
example，the
moment
you
get
on
the
airplane，start
32
your
biological
block
to
the
destination’s
time.If
it’s
daytime
in
your
destination，try
to
stay
33
.Walking
around
the
cabin(客舱)
can
be
of
help.When
it’s
nighttime，try
to
sleep.In
that
case，eat
before
the
flight，
34
an
empty
stomach
will
prevent
you
from
sleeping.These
tips
will
help
you
start
a
new
35
of
sleep
and
wakefulness.
语篇解读 本文为说明文，讲述了应对倒时差的小诀窍。
教学内容
28.A.flight
B.change
C.demand
D.climate
解析 根据空前面的a
new
time
zone和下文黑白颠倒的细节可知，到新的时区环境等都发生了变化。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
29.A.suffering
from
B.working
on
C.looking
into
D.leading
to
解析 suffer
from遭受；work
on从事；look
into调查；lead
to导致。很明显，上文提到的不良反应是因为遭受到时差反应。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
30.A.danger
B.problem
C.waste
D.fear
解析 旅客传统上会用安眠药和酒精对付这个问题。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
31.A.briefly
B.slowly
C.suddenly
D.effectively
解析 除了用安眠药和酒精，还有一些更健康和有效的方法。briefly简要地；slowly慢慢地；suddenly
突然地；effectively
有效地。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
32.A.checking
B.sending
C.adjusting
D.stopping
解析 句意为：当你登上飞机的时候，你就要把生物钟调整到目的地的时间。adjust
调整，符合句意。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
33.A.awake
B.alone
C.hungry
D.calm
解析 句意为：你的目的地的时间是白天，你就应该保持醒着。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
34.A.though
B.so
C.while
D.or
解析 句意为：上飞机前应吃饭，否则空着肚子会让你睡不着。or否则，符合句意。
解析
√
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
35.A.understanding
B.cycle
C.research
D.trend
解析 这些方法能够帮你建立一个新的睡眠和清醒的循环。understanding理解；cycle循环；research研究；trend倾向。故选
B项。
解析
√
返回
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
教学内容
教学内容
Two
weeks
earlier.
my
son
.
Ben
,
had
got
in
touch
,
he’d
moved
to
England
with
his
mum
when
he
was
three
and
it
had
been
13
years
since
I’d
41
seen
him
.
So
imagine
my
42
when
he
emailed
me
saying
he
wanted
to
come
to
visit
me.
全国卷I
I完形填空
41.A.
also
B.
often
C.
even
D.
last
42.A.
delight
B.
relief
C.
anger
D.
worry
教学内容
I
was
43
!
I
arrived
early
at
Byron
Bay
where
we
were
supposed
to
44
.
The
bay
was
45
in
sunshine,
and
there
was
a
group
of
kayakers
around
150m
off
the
shore.
Getting
a
little
46
.
I
realized
one
kayak（皮划艇）was
in
47
.
全国卷I
I完形填空
43.A.
scared
B.
shocked
C.
thrilled
D.
ashamed
44.A.
talk
B.
stay
C.
meet
D.
settle
45.A.
bathed
B.
clean
C.
deep
D.
formed
46.A.
faster
B.
closer
C.
heavier
D.
wiser
47.A.
trouble
B.
advance
C.
question
D.
battle
教学内容
“Something’s
not
48
!”
I
took
off
my
T-shirt
and
49
into
the
water.
I
saw
there
were
two
instructors
on
board
and
a
man
lying
across
the
middle.
He
was
50
violently.
48.A.
real
B.
right
C.
fair
D.
fit
49.A.
stared
B.
sank
C.
dived
D.
fell
50.A.
arguing
B.
fighting
C.
shouting
D.
shaking
教学内容
Linking
arms
with
one
of
the
instructors
.
I
helped
51
the
young
man
out
of
the
water.
He
was
unconscious
and
as
I
looked
at
his
face,
something
52
to
me.
Those
brown
eyes
were
very
53
.
“What’s
his
name
?”
I
asked
the
instructor.
“Ben,”
he
replied,
and
immediately
I
54
.
That
stranger
was
my
son!
51.A.
lead
B.
persuade
C.
carry
D.
keep
52.A.
happened
B.
occurred
C.
applied
D.
appealed
53.A.
sharp
B.
pleasant
C.
attractive
D.
familiar
54.A.
agreed
B.
hesitated
C.
doubted
D.
knew
教学内容
The
instructors
called
for
an
ambulance.
55
,
after
a
brief
stay
in
hospital,
Ben
was
well
enough
to
be
allowed
to
56
and
later
the
family
met
up
for
dinner.
We
chatted
about
everything
and
then
Ben
57
to
me.
“I
just
want
to
say
thank
you,”
he
said,
“You
58
my
life
!”
I
still
can’t
believe
what
a
59
it
was.
I’m
just
so
glad
I
was
there
60
to
help
my
son.
55.A.
Fortunately
B.
Frankly
C.
Sadly
D.
Suddenly
56.A.
return
B.
relax
C.
speak
D.
leave
57.A.
joked
B.
turned
C.
listened
D.
pointed
58.A.
created
B.
honored
C.
saved
D.
guided
59.A.
coincidence
B.
change
C.
pity
D.
pain
60.A.
on
board
B.
in
time
C.
for
sure
D.
on
purpose中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一、说明文完形填空导读
说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)律介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。
说明文的文章多用现在时态，语言平实、准确；常采用客观描述；文章主题明确，层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面的解题技巧：
1．明确说明对象，理清段落联系：
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
2．弄清说明顺序，把握作者
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)态度：在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。
二、完形填空解题策略指导
Skill
1:
context(上下文、语境)
Skill
2：
logic（逻辑推理）
Skill
3：
words
analysis（词义辨析）
Skill4:
grammar
analysis(语法分析)
Skill4:
background
knowledge（背景知识）
完形填空解题步骤
1.速览全文，把握大意。
2.细读首句，摸清文路。
3.瞻前顾后，准确选择。
4.复核全文，调整答案。
难度：
中
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Imagine
the
fir
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)st
days
in
a
new
time
zone.Slow
to
respond
to
the
28
，your
body
clock
is
confused.You’re
sleepy
all
day，but
when
it’s
time
for
bed，you
can
hardly
fall
asleep.Obviously
you’re
29
jet
lag(时差反应)．
Travelers
have
tra
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ditionally
fought
this
30
with
sleeping
pills
or
alcohol.There
are
actually
healthier
ways
that
can
work
just
as
31
.
For
example，the
moment
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
you
get
on
the
airplane，start
32
your
biological
block
to
the
destination’s
time.If
it’s
daytime
in
your
destination，try
to
stay
33
.Walking
around
the
cabin(客舱)
can
be
of
help.When
it’s
nighttime，try
to
sleep.In
that
case，eat
before
the
flight，
34
an
empty
stomach
will
prevent
you
from
sleeping.These
tips
will
help
you
start
a
new
35
of
sleep
and
wakefulness.
语篇解读 本文为说明文，讲述了应对倒时差的小诀窍。
28．A.flight
B．change
C．demand
D．climate
答案 B
解析 根据空前面的a
new
time
zone和下文黑白颠倒的细节可知，到新的时区环境等都发生了变化。
29．A.suffering
from
B．working
on
C．looking
into
D．leading
to
答案 A
解析 suffer
from
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)遭受；work
on从事；look
into调查；lead
to导致。很明显，上文提到的不良反应是因为遭受到时差反应。
30．A.danger
B．problem
C．waste
D．fear
答案 B
解析 旅客传统上会用安眠药和酒精对付这个问题。
31．A.briefly
B．slowly
C．suddenly
D．effectively
答案 D
解析 除了用安眠药和酒精，还有一些
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)更健康和有效的方法。briefly简要地；slowly慢慢地；suddenly
突然地；effectively
有效地。
32．A.checking
B．sending
C．adjusting
D．stopping
答案 C
解析 句意为：当你登上飞机的时候，你就要把生物钟调整到目的地的时间。adjust
调整，符合句意。
33．A.awake
B．alone
C．hungry
D．calm
答案 A
解析 句意为：你的目的地的时间是白天，你就应该保持醒着。
34．A.though
B．so
C．while
D．or
答案 D
解析 句意为：上飞机前应吃饭，否则空着肚子会让你睡不着。or否则，符合句意。
35．A.understanding
B．cycle
C．research
D．trend
答案 B
解析 这些方法能够帮你建立
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)一个新的睡眠和清醒的循环。understanding理解；cycle循环；research研究；trend倾向。故选
B项。21·cn·jy·com
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Getting
to
work
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
before
it
is
light
and
leaving
after
it
is
dark
during
winter
months
can
lead
to
serious
mental
health
problems，a
charity(慈善机构)
has
warned.Working
without
daily
1
can
result
in
feelings
of
depressions
which
may
finally
2
into
seasonal
affective
disorder
(SAD)，Mental
Health
Research
UK(MHRUK)
said.
The
warning
found
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
that
three
in
ten
adults
3
before
sunrise
during
the
winter
months
and
return
home
from
work
after
4
.The
charity’s
survey
of
2,000
British
adults
also
found
that
half
were
5
that
their
workplace
had
little
natural
light.And
almost
one
in
ten
said
they
had
no
6
to
natural
light
at
all
while
at
work.
Dr
Laura
Davidson，men
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tal
health
lawyer
and
agent
of
MHRUK，said，“It
is
7
that
one
million
working
hours
are
lost
each
year
8
SAD.”
Employers
need
to
have
a
better
understanding
of
9
important
natural
light
is
to
good
mental
health.They
have
the
10
to
ensure
that
work
and
study
environments
have
11
windows
to
flood
the
buildings
with
as
12
natural
light
as
possible.Darker
areas
must
be
well
13
daylight
bulbs(灯泡)
to
reduce
the
bad
14
of
less
light.
The
charity
hopes
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
raise
15
for
SAD
and
depression
during
its
annual
campaign.On
the
third
Monday
of
the
month，workers
are
called
upon
to
dress
16
in
order
to
fight
against
“blue
Monday”．Researchers
say
17
the
third
Monday
of
January
is
the
most
18
day
of
the
year.The
charity
is
19
people
to
dress
in
colorful
clothing
to
show
the
dilemma
of
those
who
20
from
the
condition
and
to
raise
money
for
research
into
treatments.
语篇解读 科学研究发现，在没有阳光的地方工作可能会导致情感上的压抑，出现心理健康问题。
1．A.meals
B．sunlight
C．efforts
D．motivation
答案 B
解析 在没有太阳光的地方工作可能会导致情感上的压抑。故选B。
2．A.search
B．bring
C．look
D．develop
答案 D
解析 根据上下文的语境，可推断此处的意思为：可能发展成SAD。故选D
。
3．A.exercise
B．practice
C．rise
D．raise
答案 C
解析 根据下文的return
home
from
work，可知此处与上述的句子形成对比，应该是“起来，起床”的意思，应选C。
4．A.dawn
B．permission
C．sunset
D．performance
答案 C
解析 从上文的befor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
sunrise可推断此空格的词要与sunrise相对。并且第一段中的leaving
after
it
is
dark也是提示。故选C。
5．A.amused
B．surprised
C．inspired
D．concerned
答案 D
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知半数人担心他们的工作场所有很少的自然光，应选D。
6．A.wish
B．access
C．approach
D．entrance
答案 B
解析 have
access
to是固定搭配，意思是“可以达到，可以使用”。根据文意，知选B。
7．A.evaluated
B．hoped
C．accepted
D．suggested
答案 A
解析 evaluate评估，评价；hope希望；accept接受；suggest建议，暗示。根据句意，知选A。
8．A.as
a
result
of
B．regardless
of
C．instead
of
D．for
lack
of
答案 A
解析 as
a
result
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
of由于；regardless
of不管，不顾；instead
of而不是，代替；for
lack
of缺乏。根据对上下文的理解，可知本句的意思是：据估计，由于SAD，每年失去一百万小时的工作时间。可知应选A。
9．A.when
B．where
C．why
D．how
答案 D
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知此处所说的是：天然的日光对于精神的健康有多么(how)重要。故选D。
10．A.opportunity
B．responsibility
C．ability
D．power
答案 B
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知此句所说的是：雇主有责任(responsibility)保证工作和学习环境……，应选B。2·1·c·n·j·y
11．A.abnormal
B．wooden
C．plastic
D．abundant
答案 D
解析 根据对上下文意思的理解
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，可知作者一直都强调接触自然的光对个人精神健康的重要性，因此雇主要保证员工所工作的地方要有足够的(abundant)窗子，故选D。21教育网
12．A.much
B．far
C．long
D．many
答案 A
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知有足够的窗子就能保证有尽可能多(much)的自然光线，故选A。
13．A.based
on
B．faced
with
C．equipped
with
D．focused
on
答案 C
解析 be
based
on以……为基础；
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)be
faced
with面对；be
equipped
with配备；be
focused
on集中。根据对文意的理解并结合各个选项的意思，可知本句的意思是：较黑暗的区域必须要配备好日光灯。应选C。
14．A.consequence
B．reflection
C．reason
D．influence
答案 D
解析 consequence后果；ref
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lection反映；reason原因；influence影响。本句的意思是：较黑暗的区域必须要配备好日光灯以减少缺乏光造成的影响。可知本题应选D。21
cnjy
com
15．A.level
B．awareness
C．agreement
D．collection
答案 B
解析 level水平；awarene
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ss意识；agreement同意，一致；collection收藏。根据对上文的理解，可知此处的意思是“提高这种意识”。应选B。
16．A.brightly
B．formally
C．vividly
D．naturally
答案 A
解析 根据下文中出现的colorful
clothing，可知此处应选A。
17．A.what
B．that
C．who
D．which
答案 B
解析 分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，在从句中不缺少主干成分，根据句意，要用引导词that，可知应选B。
18．A.exciting
B．shocking
C．depressing
D．demanding
答案 C
解析 文章多处提到depression一词，结合文意，知此题选C。
19．A.waiting
for
B．searching
for
C．calling
on
D．counting
on
答案 C
解析 根据上文中出现的“workers
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)re
called
upon
to
dress”，可推断此空格中的词与call
upon意思一致，故选C。
20．A.escape
B．recover
C．depart
D．suffer
答案 D
解析 escape
from从……逃跑
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)；recover
from从……中恢复；depart
from离开；suffer
from遭受。结合上下文的意思，可知此处应选D项。
When
was
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)last
time
you
picked
something
up
to
read？You
can
21
your
answer
on
your
lack
of
time
if
you
must，but
you
are
missing
a
lot
of
wonderful
22
of
reading.21教育名师原创作品
Reading
can
2
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)3
people’s
lives
in
some
of
the
following
ways：
24
and
spiritually.Also，you
can
acquire
25
information
and
enrich
your
knowledge.
Firstly，the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)activity
of
reading
helps
exercise
your
mind，
26
your
mind
begins
to
bend
and
flex(伸缩)
mentally
when
reading.Just
like
taking
physical
exercise
helps
you
keep
slim，
27
reading
routine
ensures
that
the
reading
muscle
stays
in
good
28
.Keep
on
reading，and
what
you
need
is
a
29
to
make
reading
a
part
of
your
life.
Secondly，reading
c
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)an
also
improve
your
30
to
focus.Burying
your
head
in
a
book
can
free
you
from
your
everyday
troubles
and
31
for
a
while.When
the
mind
is
trained，it
begins
to
focus
on
what
you
are
doing
32
you
can
forget
those
unpleasant
things.That’s
why
reading
keeps
you
in
good
spirits.
Thirdly，there
is
no
gr
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eater
33
to
getting
information
than
through
reading.You
can
34
your
mind
greatly
if
you
insist
on
reading.You
can
35
the
knowledge
left
by
those
who
came
before
you，which
has
36
changed
your
lives.Nearly
all
successful
people
will
tell
you
that
they
have
learned
37
things
by
reading
and
there
is
at
least
one
book
that
has
greatly
changed
their
lives.
In
short，readi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ng
can
help
you
to
38
a
solid
basis
for
your
future，which
will
allow
you
to
39
many
goals
you
have
for
your
life.Reading
40
your
success
in
the
future.Start
reading
right
now
and
you’ll
make
it.
语篇解读 本文讲述阅读的好处，阅读能锻炼你的思维，提高你的注意力，获取更多的信息和知识并最终给你带来成功。
21．A.concentrate
B．put
C．blame
D．pass
答案 C
解析 concentrate集中
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)；put
放；blame责备；pass通过。句意为：如果你必须这么做，你可以把你的答案归咎于缺少时间，但你错过许多阅读的好处。根据语境可知选C项。
22．A.aims
B．motivations
C．traditions
D．benefits
答案 D
解析 见上题解析。benefit好处，益处，故选D项。
23．A.present
B．improve
C．assess
D．prove
答案 B
解析 present呈现；improve提
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)高；assess
评估；prove证明。阅读能改善一个人的生活无论是精神上还是心理上。根据语境可知选B项。
24．A.socially
B．materially
C．physically
D．mentally
答案 D
解析 socially社会上地；m
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)aterially物质上地；physically身体上地；mentally心理上，精神上。根据语境可知选D项。
25．A.abundant
B．limited
C．private
D．absurd
答案 A
解析 abundant丰富的；
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)limited有限的；private私人的；absurd荒谬的。句意为：你也能获得丰富的信息来丰富你的知识。根据语境可知选A项。
26．A.as
B．so
C．or
D．but
答案 A
解析 首先阅读能锻炼你的大脑，因为当你阅读时你的思想开始思索，故选A项。
27．A.usual
B．regular
C．common
D．normal
答案 B
解析 就像身体锻炼能让你身材苗条，有规律的阅读确保你的阅读肌肉保持好的状态。根据语境可知选B项。
28．A.size
B．shape
C．height
D．weight
答案 B
解析 in
good
shape好的状态，故选B项。
29．A.barrier
B．force
C．determination
D．process
答案 C
解析 继续阅读，你所需要的是让阅读成为生活的一部分的决心。根据语境可知选C项。
30．A.ability
B．decision
C．strength
D．position
答案 A
解析 ability能力；
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)decision决定；strength力气；position位置。句意为：第二，阅读也能提高你的专注能力。根据语境可知选A项。【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
31．A.thrills
B．challenges
C．excitements
D．worries
答案 D
解析 专心读书可以让你暂时摆脱你日常的烦恼和担心。根据语境可知选D项。
32．A.in
case
B．as
if
C．so
that
D．only
if
答案 C
解析 当思想开始得到锻炼时，它会集中精力到你所做的事情上以至于你就会忘记不愉快的事情。故选C项。
33．A.answer
B．solution
C．attitude
D．approach
答案 D
解析 第三，没有比阅读更好的方法来获得信息。the
approach
to
doing...做……的方法，故选D项。
34．A.increase
B．explain
C．expand
D．express
答案 C
解析 如果坚持阅读你能拓宽你的思维。故选C项。
35．A.take
in
B．work
out
C．give
up
D．show
off
答案 A
解析 take
in
欺骗，获得；wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rk
out
解决；give
up
放弃；show
off炫耀。句意为：你能获得之前的人留下的知识，这能积极地改变你的生活。故选A项。
36．A.secretly
B．bravely
C．purposely
D．positively
答案 D
解析 见上题解析。positively积极地。
37．A.fewer
B．more
C．worse
D．easier
答案 B
解析 几乎所有成功的人都会告诉你他们通过阅读获得很多的东西，至少有一本书改变了他们的生活。故选B项。
38．A.build
B．offer
C．apply
D．put
答案 A
解析 总之，阅读能帮你的将来打好坚实的基础，这可以让你实现你制定的目标。根据语境可知选A项。
39．A.establish
B．achieve
C．imagine
D．miss
答案 B
解析 achieve
one’s
goal实现某人的目标，故选B项。
40．A.results
from
B．lies
in
C．contributes
to
D．makes
up
答案 C
解析 result
from
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)导致；lie
in
在于；contribute
to有助于；make
up编造。句意为：阅读有助于你将来的成功。根据语境可知选C项。
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If
you
ever
have
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
chance
to
go
to
Finland，you’ll
probably
be
surprised
to
find
how
“foolish”
the
Finnish
people
are.
Take
the
taxi
d
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rivers
for
example.You
can
go
1
on
a
journey，tell
the
driver
to
2
you
at
any
place，say
that
you
have
some
business
to
3
，and
that
you
will
pay
the
taxi
driver
later.He
will
agree
without
any
4
but
just
accept
your
words
in
good
5
.
The
dining
rooms
i
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
all
big
hotels
not
only
serve
their
6
，but
also
provide
food
for
outside
7
.Hotel
guests
have
their
meals
free，so
they
8
go
to
the
free
dining
rooms
to
have
their
meals，and
the
9
they
would
do
to
show
their
good
faith
is
to
wave
their
registration
card
to
the
waiter.With
such
10
check，you
can
easily
use
any
old
registration
card
to
take
a
couple
of
friends
to
wine
and
dine
free
of
11
.
Finnish
workers
are
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
paid
by
the
hour.If
you
work
in
Finland
and
have
12
the
boss
on
the
hourly
rate，then
you
just
say
how
many
hours
you
have
worked
and
you’ll
be
paid
13
.
With
so
many
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
loopholes(漏洞)
in
everyday
life，surely
Finland
must
be
a
good
country
to
those
who
14
to
take
“petty
advantages”．But
the
15
thing
is，all
the
taxi
passengers
always
come
back
to
pay
their
16
after
they
have
attended
to
their
business;
not
a
17
outsider
has
ever
been
found
in
the
free
hotel
dining
rooms;
workers
always
give
the
exact
hours
they
have
18
.As
the
Finns
always
act
on
good
faith
and
always
have
a(n)
19
of
“right
is
right”
and
“wrong
is
wrong”
in
everything
they
do，so
to
live
in
such
a
society
has
turned
everyone
into
a
real
“gentleman”．21cnjy.com
What
we
regarde
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
as
“foolish”
is
20
the
Finnish
people’s
way
of
life.
语篇解读 芬兰人的显得很“愚蠢”，他们总是选择相信他人，本文用三个例子说明，芬兰人的生活态度就是诚信，实事求是。
1．A.somewhere
B．anywhere
C．sometime
D．anytime
答案 B
解析 根据后面的“tel
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)l
the
driver
to
you
at
any
place”可知，你可以乘车去任何地方。故选B。
2．A.stop
B．pass
C．drop
D．pick
答案 C
解析 在任何地点都可以让司机停下让你下车。drop
someone
at让某人下车。
3．A.attend
to
B．take
care
C．take
up
D．appeal
to
答案 A
解析 由下文的“after
they
have
attended
to
their
business”，可知选A。2-1-c-n-j-y
4．A.guarantee
B．anxiety
C．passenger
D．money
答案 B
解析 他们会毫不担忧地同意你的说法，后面说接受顾客所说的话，所以不担心顾客会不付钱，故选B。
5．A.smile
B．place
C．seat
D．faith
答案 D
解析 根据前面提到芬兰人很“傻”可知，司机会
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)很相信你所说的话。下一段中的“the
they
would
do
to
show
their
good
faith”也提示选D。
6．A.meals
B．visitors
C．guests
D．cards
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Hotel
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
guests
have
their
meals
free”可知，所有大旅馆的餐厅不仅给自己旅馆的客人准备饭还有外面的食客，故选C。
7．A.waiters
B．diners
C．drivers
D．workers
答案 B
解析 根据The
dining
rooms可知选B。
8．A.naturally
B．respectively
C．secretly
D．contently
答案 A
解析 根据“Hotel
guests
h
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ave
their
meals
free”，可知住旅馆的客人可以免费吃饭，所以很自然地去免费餐厅就餐。故选A。
9．A.best
B．worst
C．most
D．least
答案 C
解析 他们做的最多的就是向服务员晃一下他们的登记卡以表明诚信。故选C。
10．A.strict
B．complete
C．troublesome
D．loose
答案 D
解析 前面说的检查是晃一下他们的登记卡，所以是宽松的检查，故选D。
11．A.registration
B．care
C．charge
D．noise
答案 C
解析 你可以用旧卡带几个朋友去免费吃饭喝酒。free
of
charge免费地。故选C。
12．A.paid
for
B．debated
with
C．talked
about
D．agreed
with
答案 D
解析 和老板达成一致，故选D。
13．A.accordingly
B．reluctantly
C．separately
D．automatically
答案 A
解析 你只需要说明你工作了多少个小时，就会得到相应的支付。故选A。
14．A.hesitate
B．hate
C．love
D．refuse
答案 C
解析 根据前面所说，这个国家对那些爱占小便宜的人来说太好了。故选C。
15．A.strange
B．confusing
C．complex
D．imaginative
答案 A
解析 但是奇怪的事情是……，故选A。
16．A.business
B．trip
C．fine
D．fare
答案 D
解析 根据前文的“that
you
will
pay
the
taxi
driver
later”可知，选D。www-2-1-cnjy-com
17．A.single
B．faithful
C．familiar
D．usual
答案 A
解析 没有发现一个外来客在免费餐厅吃饭。根据上下文可知选A。
18．A.worked
on
B．put
in
C．spent
on
D．run
out
答案 B
解析 工人总是给出他们工作的确切时间。put
in花费，耗费，投入。故选B。
19．A.religion
B．law
C．idiom
D．attitude
答案 D
解析 芬兰人做事讲诚信，抱着“对就是对，错就是错”的态度做事。故选D。
20．A.eventually
B．accidentally
C．actually
D．temporarily
答案 C
解析 我们认为的傻事实际上却是芬兰人的生活方式。
2
A
few
years
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ago，on
a
flight
I
fortunately
met
with
a
psychologist，Daniel
Gilbert.He
was
very
humorous，and
we
talked
a
lot.I
was
completely
21
.He
was
interested
in
the
questions
that
we
22
but
we
never
have
the
opportunity
to
23
.
Now
Gilbert
has
writt
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)en
a
book
Stumbling
on
Happiness(《撞上幸福》)．Reading
it
24
me
of
that
plane
ride
long
ago.It
is
a
25
to
read
his
book.Gilbert
is
charming
and
26
.He
has
a
rare
27
for
making
very
complicated
ideas
come
28
.
Stumbling
on
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Happiness
is
a
book
about
a
very
simple
29
powerful
idea.What
distinguishes
us
from
other
animals
is
our
ability
to
predict
the
future，
30
，our
interest
in
predicting
the
future.We
spend
much
time
31
what
it
would
be
like.Why？It
is
what
allows
us
to
32
our
life.It
is
by
trying
to
apply
some
control
over
our
futures
33
we
attempt
to
be
34
.But
by
any
objective
measure，we
are
really
35
at
that
predictive
function.We’re
terrible
at
knowing
how
we
will
feel
tomorrow，and
even
worse
at
36
what
will
bring
us
happiness.Gilbert
37
to
explain
why
we
are
so
terrible.In
making
his
case，Gilbert
walks
us
38
a
series
of
attracting
facts
about
the
way
our
minds
work.
I
suppose
I
really
sho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)uld
go
on
at
this
point.But
I
think
that
might
ruin
the
39
of
reading
Stumbling
on
Happiness.This
is
a
story
about
the
mysteries
of
our
lives.If
you
have
even
the
slightest
40
about
the
human
condition，you
ought
to
read
it.Trust
me.
语篇解读 本文介绍了心理学家Daniel
Gilbert及其著作《撞上幸福》。
21．A.attracted
B．shocked
C．excited
D．interested
答案 A
解析 他很幽默，我们谈了很多。我被彻底地吸引住了。
22．A.talked
about
B．thought
about
C．cared
about
D．worried
about
答案 C
解析 他对于我们都关心的问题很感兴趣，但是我
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)们没有机会深入探讨。talk
about谈论；think
about考虑；care
about在意，关心；worry
about担忧。www.21-cn-jy.com
23．A.find
B．explore
C．understand
D．answer
答案 B
解析 explore探索，探究。
24．A.reminds
B．informs
C．suggests
D．thinks
答案 A
解析 读这本书让我想起了那次乘坐飞机的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)经历。remind
sb.of
sth.使某人想起某事。inform
sb.of
sth.告知某人某事。21
cnjy
com
25．A.step
B．way
C．hobby
D．pleasure
答案 D
解析 读他的书是一种乐趣。pleasure有趣的事情。
26．A.intelligent
B．firm
C．funny
D．active
答案 C
解析 Gilbert富有魅力，且有趣。funny有趣的。
27．A.interest
B．gift
C．ability
D．power
答案 B
解析 Gilbert有使复杂的想法变得活灵活现的天赋。have
a
gift
for有……的天赋。
28．A.magic
B．serious
C．alive
D．good
答案 C
解析 come
alive活跃起来。
29．A.and
B．besides
C．or
D．but
答案 D
解析 《撞上幸福》是一本非常简单但又观点有力的书。
30．A.or
rather
B．in
all
C．in
addition
D．or
else
答案 A
解析 使我们区别于其他动物的是
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)我们预知未来的能力，更确切地说，是我们对预知未来的兴趣。or
rather更确切地说；in
all总计；in
addition此外；or
else否则。【版权所有：21教育】
31．A.telling
B．developing
C．imagining
D．guessing
答案 C
解析 我们花费许多时间想象未来会是什么样。
32．A.make
B．protect
C．thank
D．shape
答案 D
解析 shape
our
life塑造我们的人生。
33．A.when
B．that
C．where
D．what
答案 B
解析 本句是强调句，强调方式状语by
trying
to
apply
some
control
over
our
futures。
34．A.relaxed
B．peaceful
C．happy
D．perfect
答案 C
解析 我们尝试快乐是通过控制我们的未来实现的。
35．A.bad
B．angry
C．slow
D．disappointed
答案 A
解析 但是通过任何的客观手段，我们确实不善于那种预测功能。be
bad
at不善于。
36．A.predicting
B．knowing
C．realizing
D．feeling
答案 B
解析 在得知什么可以带给我们快乐的时候，我们会感觉更糟。
37．A.sets
about
B．sets
off
C．sets
out
D．sets
up
答案 C
解析 Gilbert开始解释为什
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)么我们会感到糟糕。set
out
to
do
sth.开始做某事；set
about
doing
sth.开始做某事；set
off出发；set
up建立。21世纪教育网版权所有
38．A.over
B．to
C．on
D．through
答案 D
解析 walk
sb.through
sth.逐步引导，(循序渐进地)教。
39．A.love
B．experience
C．scene
D．idea
答案 B
解析 这样做会破坏我读《撞上幸福》这本书的体会。experience经验，体会。
40．A.curiosity
B．hope
C．patience
D．knowledge
答案 A
解析 如果你对人类境况有点好奇，那么你就应该读一读这本书。
3
Tossing
and
turn
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
in
bed，can’t
get
to
sleep？It’s
a(n)
41
feeling
for
many
people.Here
are
three
things
that
could
42
us
from
getting
a
restful
night
we
need.21·世纪
教育网
A
busy
mind
Stress
is
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
enemy
of
43
.In
bed，our
mind
is
left
free
to
wander，and
feeling
44
about
getting
enough
sleep
will
only
make
it
worse.Sleep
experts
45
getting
up
and
doing
an
46
which
distracts(分散)
our
mind
from
worry—such
as
a
puzzle—
47
trying
to
sleep
again.
Three
ill?timed
stimulants
Caffeine
is
a
stimul
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ant(兴奋剂)
which
can
48
in
our
body
system
for
many
hours.Drinks
high
in
caffeine
make
it
harder
to
49
asleep
and
can
result
in
more
time
in
the
lighter
stages
of
sleep，with
50
deep
sleep.
Drinking
51
often
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
makes
us
snore
more，making
it
harder
to
breathe，and
so
making
us
more
restless.Although
it
originally
52
some
of
us
to
go
to
sleep，too
much
of
it
may
53
sleep，causing
us
to
wake
up
exhausted.
Eating
a
large，heavy
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
meal
too
close
to
bedtime
may
also
54
sleep.Spicy
or
fatty
foods
can
cause
heartburn，which
55
difficulty
in
sleeping
and
discomfort
throughout
the
night.
Wrong
body
temperature
Our
core
body
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)temperature
goes
down
when
we
sleep.It’s
56
by
our
body
clock，which
starts
to
open
up
the
blood
vessels(血管)
of
the
hands，face
and
feet，to
lose
heat，as
we
57
the
time
we
should
be
sleeping.But
if
our
bedrooms
are
too
58
，our
bodies
can’t
lose
heat.That
can
contribute
to
restlessness
and
59
.In
general，our
core
temperature
should
only
be
half
a
60
less
than
during
the
day.If
we
get
too
cold，we
get
restless.
41．A.popular
B．familiar
C．unforgettable
D．rare
答案 B
解析 在床上辗转难眠是很多
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)人熟悉的感受。popular受欢迎的，流行的；familiar熟悉的；unforgettable难忘的；rare稀有的，罕见的。
42．A.tear
B．differ
C．suffer
D．prevent
答案 D
解析 由下文内容可知，文
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)中提到的三种因素阻碍人们度过一个宁静的夜晚，D项符合文意。tear...from...从……撕下；differ
from...与……不同；suffer
from遭受，患(病)；prevent...from
doing
sth.阻止(某人)做某事。
43．A.sleep
B．feeling
C．mind
D．freedom
答案 A
解析 压力是睡眠的敌人。故A项正确。
44．A.excited
B．pleased
C．anxious
D．curious
答案 C
解析 躺在床上，我们思绪不断
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，对睡眠不足的担心只能使入睡更难。excited兴奋的；pleased高兴的，满意的；anxious忧虑的，担心的；curious好奇的。下文中的worry也是暗示。
45．A.deny
B．suggest
C．avoid
D．practice
答案 B
解析 结合下文的内容可知，这里是睡眠专家提出的“建议”。deny否认；suggest建议；avoid避免；practice实践，练习。
46．A.exam
B．excuse
C．event
D．activity
答案 D
解析 专家建议，起床做活动，比如拼图游戏，可以分散我们的忧虑，所以选D。event常指重大事件，用在此处不合适。
47．A.before
B．after
C．while
D．since
答案 A
解析 起来做活动应发生在再次入睡前，故选A。
48．A.drown
B．pain
C．stay
D．choke
答案 C
解析 咖啡因是一种能在我们的身体系统内停留数小时的兴奋剂。drown(使)淹没，(使)溺死；pain疼痛；stay停留；choke窒息。
49．A.come
B．go
C．feel
D．fall
答案 D
解析 fall
asleep为固定搭配，意为“入睡，睡着”，其中fall为系动词。go
to
sleep也表示“入睡”。
50．A.less
B．more
C．much
D．so
答案 A
解析 含有高浓度咖啡因的饮料使得入睡更难，在轻度睡眠阶段用时更多，也使深度睡眠更少。故A项符合逻辑。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
51．A.caffeine
B．alcohol
C．food
D．water
答案 B
解析 在服用的三种兴奋剂中，上文提到了caffeine，下文提到了spicy
or
fatty
foods，故这里只能是alcohol。
52．A.forbids
B．persuades
C．helps
D．encourages
答案 C
解析 后面说了睡前饮酒不利
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的一面，由although可知，此处表示“它起初有助于我们入睡”，故选C。forbid禁止，阻止；persuade说服；help帮助；encourage鼓励。
53．A.increase
B．interrupt
C．speed
D．improve
答案 B
解析 根据后文的“causing
us
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
wake
up
exhausted”可知，睡前饮酒“妨碍”了睡眠，应选B。increase增加；interrupt打断，妨碍；speed加速；improve改善。
54．A.delay
B．cause
C．result
D．affect
答案 D
解析 要睡觉时，吃大餐也会影响睡眠。affect影响，符合语境。
55．A.leads
to
B．adapts
to
C．approves
of
D．depends
on
答案 A
解析 辛辣的或者油腻的食物会引起胃
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)灼热，导致入睡困难、通宵不适。lead
to导致；adapt
to适应；approve
of赞成；depend
on依赖，依靠。
56．A.harmed
B．selected
C．controlled
D．reserved
答案 C
解析 我们的体温是由生物钟来控制的。harm伤害；select选择；control控制；reserve储备，预订。根据常识可知选C。
57．A.waste
B．approach
C．limit
D．kill
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示当我们接近(approach)我们应该入睡的时间。故选B。
58．A.warm
B．cold
C．dark
D．bright
答案 A
解析 但是如果卧室内的温度过高的话，身体就不能散发热量。根据语境可知，此处应表示卧室内的温度“过热”，故选A。【出处：21教育名师】
59．A.benefit
B．happiness
C．calmness
D．discomfort
答案 D
解析 由“restlessness”可知，应
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)选择表示贬义色彩的D项。benefit益处；happiness愉快，快乐；calmness平静；discomfort不适，不安。
60．A.prize
B．price
C．degree
D．point
答案 C
解析 通常，我们身体的核心温度应该仅仅比身体白天的温度少0.5度。四个选项中只有C项可与temperature搭配。
高考完形填空分类指导之说明文
第6讲
知识点睛
经典精讲
实战演练
巩固练习
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一、说明文完形填空导读
说明文一般语言简练，按照一定的规律介
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系等。常见的说明文有人物介绍、产品说明、解说词、实验报告、习俗介绍、节日介绍等。21cnjy.com
说明文的文章多用现在时态，语言平实、准确；常采用客观描述；文章主题明确，层次分明。在解答说明类完形填空时注意下面的解题技巧：21·cn·jy·com
1．明确说明对象，理清段落联系
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2．弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度：在说明的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。2-1-c-n-j-y
二、完形填空解题策略指导
Skill
1:
context(上下文、语境)
Skill
2：
logic（逻辑推理）
Skill
3：
words
analysis（词义辨析）
Skill4:
grammar
analysis(语法分析)
Skill4:
background
knowledge（背景知识）
完形填空解题步骤
1.速览全文，把握大意。
2.细读首句，摸清文路。
3.瞻前顾后，准确选择。
4.复核全文，调整答案。
难度：
中
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。【出处：21教育名师】
(2015·重庆，B)
Imagine
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)first
days
in
a
new
time
zone.Slow
to
respond
to
the
28
，your
body
clock
is
confused.You’re
sleepy
all
day，but
when
it’s
time
for
bed，you
can
hardly
fall
asleep.Obviously
you’re
29
jet
lag(时差反应)．21世纪教育网版权所有
Travelers
have
tradit
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ionally
fought
this
30
with
sleeping
pills
or
alcohol.There
are
actually
healthier
ways
that
can
work
just
as
31
.21教育名师原创作品
For
example，the
momen
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t
you
get
on
the
airplane，start
32
your
biological
block
to
the
destination’s
time.If
it’s
daytime
in
your
destination，try
to
stay
33
.Walking
around
the
cabin(客舱)
can
be
of
help.When
it’s
nighttime，try
to
sleep.In
that
case，eat
before
the
flight，
34
an
empty
stomach
will
prevent
you
from
sleeping.These
tips
will
help
you
start
a
new
35
of
sleep
and
wakefulness.
语篇解读 本文为说明文，讲述了应对倒时差的小诀窍。
28．A.flight
B．change
C．demand
D．climate
答案
解析 根据空前面的a
new
time
zone和下文黑白颠倒的细节可知，到新的时区环境等都发生了变化。
29．A.suffering
from
B．working
on
C．looking
into
D．leading
to
答案
解析 suffer
from遭受；wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rk
on从事；look
into调查；lead
to导致。很明显，上文提到的不良反应是因为遭受到时差反应。
30．A.danger
B．problem
C．waste
D．fear
答案
解析 旅客传统上会用安眠药和酒精对付这个问题。
31．A.briefly
B．slowly
C．suddenly
D．effectively
答案
解析 除了用安眠药和酒精，还有一些更健康
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)和有效的方法。briefly简要地；slowly慢慢地；suddenly
突然地；effectively
有效地。
32．A.checking
B．sending
C．adjusting
D．stopping
答案
解析 句意为：当你登上飞机的时候，你就要把生物钟调整到目的地的时间。adjust
调整，符合句意。
33．A.awake
B．alone
C．hungry
D．calm
答案
解析 句意为：你的目的地的时间是白天，你就应该保持醒着。
34．A.though
B．so
C．while
D．or
答案
解析 句意为：上飞机前应吃饭，否则空着肚子会让你睡不着。or否则，符合句意。
35．A.understanding
B．cycle
C．research
D．trend
答案
解析 这些方法能够帮你建立一个新的睡眠和
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)清醒的循环。understanding理解；cycle循环；research研究；trend倾向。故选
B项。
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Getting
to
wor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)k
before
it
is
light
and
leaving
after
it
is
dark
during
winter
months
can
lead
to
serious
mental
health
problems，a
charity(慈善机构)
has
warned.Working
without
daily
1
can
result
in
feelings
of
depressions
which
may
finally
2
into
seasonal
affective
disorder
(SAD)，Mental
Health
Research
UK(MHRUK)
said.
The
warning
found
th
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)at
three
in
ten
adults
3
before
sunrise
during
the
winter
months
and
return
home
from
work
after
4
.The
charity’s
survey
of
2,000
British
adults
also
found
that
half
were
5
that
their
workplace
had
little
natural
light.And
almost
one
in
ten
said
they
had
no
6
to
natural
light
at
all
while
at
work.
Dr
Laura
Davidson
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，mental
health
lawyer
and
agent
of
MHRUK，said，“It
is
7
that
one
million
working
hours
are
lost
each
year
8
SAD.”
Employers
need
to
have
a
better
understanding
of
9
important
natural
light
is
to
good
mental
health.They
have
the
10
to
ensure
that
work
and
study
environments
have
11
windows
to
flood
the
buildings
with
as
12
natural
light
as
possible.Darker
areas
must
be
well
13
daylight
bulbs(灯泡)
to
reduce
the
bad
14
of
less
light.
The
charity
ho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)pes
to
raise
15
for
SAD
and
depression
during
its
annual
campaign.On
the
third
Monday
of
the
month，workers
are
called
upon
to
dress
16
in
order
to
fight
against
“blue
Monday”．Researchers
say
17
the
third
Monday
of
January
is
the
most
18
day
of
the
year.The
charity
is
19
people
to
dress
in
colorful
clothing
to
show
the
dilemma
of
those
who
20
from
the
condition
and
to
raise
money
for
research
into
treatments.
语篇解读 科学研究发现，在没有阳光的地方工作可能会导致情感上的压抑，出现心理健康问题。
1．A.meals
B．sunlight
C．efforts
D．motivation
答案
解析 在没有太阳光的地方工作可能会导致情感上的压抑。
2．A.search
B．bring
C．look
D．develop
答案
解析 根据上下文的语境，可推断此处的意思为：可能发展成SAD。
3．A.exercise
B．practice
C．rise
D．raise
答案
解析 根据下文的return
home
from
work，可知此处与上述的句子形成对比，应该是“起来，起床”的意思，
4．A.dawn
B．permission
C．sunset
D．performance
答案
解析 从上文的before
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sunrise可推断此空格的词要与sunrise相对。并且第一段中的leaving
after
it
is
dark也是提示。2·1·c·n·j·y
5．A.amused
B．surprised
C．inspired
D．concerned
答案
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知半数人担心他们的工作场所有很少的自然光
6．A.wish
B．access
C．approach
D．entrance
答案
解析 have
access
to是固定搭配，意思是“可以达到，可以使用”。根据文意
7．A.evaluated
B．hoped
C．accepted
D．suggested
答案
解析 evaluate评估，评价；hope希望；accept接受；suggest建议，暗示。根据句意，知选A。
8．A.as
a
result
of
B．regardless
of
C．instead
of
D．for
lack
of
答案
解析 as
a
resu
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lt
of由于；regardless
of不管，不顾；instead
of而不是，代替；for
lack
of缺乏。根据对上下文的理解，可知本句的意思是：据估计，由于SAD，每年失去一百万小时的工作时间。
9．A.when
B．where
C．why
D．how
答案
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知此处所说的是：天然的日光对于精神的健康有多么(how)重要。故选D。
10．A.opportunity
B．responsibility
C．ability
D．power
答案
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知此句所说的是：雇主有责任(responsibility)保证工作和学习环境……
11．A.abnormal
B．wooden
C．plastic
D．abundant
答案
解析 根据对上下文意思的理解，可知作者一
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)直都强调接触自然的光对个人精神健康的重要性，因此雇主要保证员工所工作的地方要有足够的(abundant)窗子www.21-cn-jy.com
12．A.much
B．far
C．long
D．many
答案
解析 根据对上下文的理解，可知有足够的窗子就能保证有尽可能多(much)的自然光线
13．A.based
on
B．faced
with
C．equipped
with
D．focused
on
答案
解析 be
based
on以……为
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)基础；be
faced
with面对；be
equipped
with配备；be
focused
on集中。根据对文意的理解并结合各个选项的意思，可知本句的意思是：较黑暗的区域必须要配备好日光灯。
14．A.consequence
B．reflection
C．reason
D．influence
答案
解析 consequence后果；refl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ection反映；reason原因；influence影响。本句的意思是：较黑暗的区域必须要配备好日光灯以减少缺乏光造成的影响。21教育网
15．A.level
B．awareness
C．agreement
D．collection
答案
解析 level水平；awareness意
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)识；agreement同意，一致；collection收藏。根据对上文的理解，可知此处的意思是“提高这种意识”。21·世纪
教育网
16．A.brightly
B．formally
C．vividly
D．naturally
答案
解析 根据下文中出现的colorful
clothing
17．A.what
B．that
C．who
D．which
答案
解析 分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，在从句中不缺少主干成分，根据句意，要用引导词that
18．A.exciting
B．shocking
C．depressing
D．demanding
答案
解析 文章多处提到depression一词，结合文意
19．A.waiting
for
B．searching
for
C．calling
on
D．counting
on
答案
解析 根据上文中出现的“workers
are
called
upon
to
dress”，可推断此空格中的词与call
upon意思一致
20．A.escape
B．recover
C．depart
D．suffer
答案
解析 escape
from从……逃跑；re
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)cover
from从……中恢复；depart
from离开；suffer
from遭受。结合上下文的意思21
cnjy
com
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】21
cnjy
com
When
was
the
last
tim
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
you
picked
something
up
to
read？You
can
21
your
answer
on
your
lack
of
time
if
you
must，but
you
are
missing
a
lot
of
wonderful
22
of
reading.
Reading
can
23
pe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ople’s
lives
in
some
of
the
following
ways：
24
and
spiritually.Also，you
can
acquire
25
information
and
enrich
your
knowledge.
Firstly，the
act
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ivity
of
reading
helps
exercise
your
mind，
26
your
mind
begins
to
bend
and
flex(伸缩)
mentally
when
reading.Just
like
taking
physical
exercise
helps
you
keep
slim，
27
reading
routine
ensures
that
the
reading
muscle
stays
in
good
28
.Keep
on
reading，and
what
you
need
is
a
29
to
make
reading
a
part
of
your
life.
Secondly，reading
can
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)also
improve
your
30
to
focus.Burying
your
head
in
a
book
can
free
you
from
your
everyday
troubles
and
31
for
a
while.When
the
mind
is
trained，it
begins
to
focus
on
what
you
are
doing
32
you
can
forget
those
unpleasant
things.That’s
why
reading
keeps
you
in
good
spirits.
Thirdly，there
is
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
no
greater
33
to
getting
information
than
through
reading.You
can
34
your
mind
greatly
if
you
insist
on
reading.You
can
35
the
knowledge
left
by
those
who
came
before
you，which
has
36
changed
your
lives.Nearly
all
successful
people
will
tell
you
that
they
have
learned
37
things
by
reading
and
there
is
at
least
one
book
that
has
greatly
changed
their
lives.
In
short，reading
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
can
help
you
to
38
a
solid
basis
for
your
future，which
will
allow
you
to
39
many
goals
you
have
for
your
life.Reading
40
your
success
in
the
future.Start
reading
right
now
and
you’ll
make
it.
语篇解读 本文讲述阅读的好处，阅读能锻炼你的思维，提高你的注意力，获取更多的信息和知识并最终给你带来成功。
21．A.concentrate
B．put
C．blame
D．pass
22．A.aims
B．motivations
C．traditions
D．benefits
23．A.present
B．improve
C．assess
D．prove
24．A.socially
B．materially
C．physically
D．mentally
25．A.abundant
B．limited
26．A.as
B．so
C．or
D．but
27．A.usual
B．regular
C．common
D．normal
28．A.size
B．shape
C．height
D．weight
29．A.barrier
B．force
C．determination
D．process
30．A.ability
B．decision
C．strength
D．position
31．A.thrills
B．challenges
C．excitements
D．worries
32．A.in
case
B．as
if
C．so
that
D．only
if
33．A.answer
B．solution
C．attitude
D．approach
34．A.increase
B．explain
C．expand
D．express
35．A.take
in
B．work
out
C．give
up
D．show
off
36．A.secretly
B．bravely
C．purposely
D．positively
37．A.fewer
B．more
C．worse
D．easier
38．A.build
B．offer
C．apply
D．put
39．A.establish
B．achieve
C．imagine
D．miss
40．A.results
from
B．lies
in
C．contributes
to
D．makes
up
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
1
If
you
ever
have
a
ch
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ance
to
go
to
Finland，you’ll
probably
be
surprised
to
find
how
“foolish”
the
Finnish
people
are.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Take
the
taxi
dri
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)vers
for
example.You
can
go
1
on
a
journey，tell
the
driver
to
2
you
at
any
place，say
that
you
have
some
business
to
3
，and
that
you
will
pay
the
taxi
driver
later.He
will
agree
without
any
4
but
just
accept
your
words
in
good
5
.【版权所有：21教育】
The
dining
r
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ooms
in
all
big
hotels
not
only
serve
their
6
，but
also
provide
food
for
outside
7
.Hotel
guests
have
their
meals
free，so
they
8
go
to
the
free
dining
rooms
to
have
their
meals，and
the
9
they
would
do
to
show
their
good
faith
is
to
wave
their
registration
card
to
the
waiter.With
such
10
check，you
can
easily
use
any
old
registration
card
to
take
a
couple
of
friends
to
wine
and
dine
free
of
11
.
Finnish
workers
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)are
paid
by
the
hour.If
you
work
in
Finland
and
have
12
the
boss
on
the
hourly
rate，then
you
just
say
how
many
hours
you
have
worked
and
you’ll
be
paid
13
.
With
so
many
l
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)oopholes(漏洞)
in
everyday
life，surely
Finland
must
be
a
good
country
to
those
who
14
to
take
“petty
advantages”．But
the
15
thing
is，all
the
taxi
passengers
always
come
back
to
pay
their
16
after
they
have
attended
to
their
business;
not
a
17
outsider
has
ever
been
found
in
the
free
hotel
dining
rooms;
workers
always
give
the
exact
hours
they
have
18
.As
the
Finns
always
act
on
good
faith
and
always
have
a(n)
19
of
“right
is
right”
and
“wrong
is
wrong”
in
everything
they
do，so
to
live
in
such
a
society
has
turned
everyone
into
a
real
“gentleman”．
What
we
regarded
as
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)“foolish”
is
20
the
Finnish
people’s
way
of
life.
语篇解读 芬兰人的显得很“愚蠢”，他们总是选择相信他人，本文用三个例子说明，芬兰人的生活态度就是诚信，实事求是。
1．A.somewhere
B．anywhere
C．sometime
D．anytime
2．A.stop
B．pass
C．drop
D．pick
3．A.attend
to
B．take
care
C．take
up
D．appeal
to
4．A.guarantee
B．anxiety
C．passenger
D．money
5．A.smile
B．place
C．seat
D．faith
6．A.meals
B．visitors
C．guests
D．cards
7．A.waiters
B．diners
C．drivers
D．workers
8．A.naturally
B．respectively
C．secretly
D．contently
9．A.best
B．worst
C．most
D．least
10．A.strict
B．complete
C．troublesome
D．loose
11．A.registration
B．care
C．charge
D．noise
12．A.paid
for
B．debated
with
C．talked
about
D．agreed
with
13．A.accordingly
B．reluctantly
C．separately
D．automatically
14．A.hesitate
B．hate
15．A.strange
B．confusing
C．complex
D．imaginative
16．A.business
B．trip
17．A.single
B．faithful
C．familiar
D．usual
18．A.worked
on
B．put
in
C．spent
on
D．run
out
19．A.religion
B．law
C．idiom
D．attitude
20．A.eventually
B．accidentally
C．actually
D．temporarily
2
Tossing
and
turn
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
in
bed，can’t
get
to
sleep？It’s
a(n)
41
feeling
for
many
people.Here
are
three
things
that
could
42
us
from
getting
a
restful
night
we
need.
A
busy
mind
Stress
is
the
ene
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)my
of
43
.In
bed，our
mind
is
left
free
to
wander，and
feeling
44
about
getting
enough
sleep
will
only
make
it
worse.Sleep
experts
45
getting
up
and
doing
an
46
which
distracts(分散)
our
mind
from
worry—such
as
a
puzzle—
47
trying
to
sleep
again.
Three
ill?timed
stimulants
Caffeine
is
a
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
stimulant(兴奋剂)
which
can
48
in
our
body
system
for
many
hours.Drinks
high
in
caffeine
make
it
harder
to
49
asleep
and
can
result
in
more
time
in
the
lighter
stages
of
sleep，with
50
deep
sleep.
Drinking
51
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ten
makes
us
snore
more，making
it
harder
to
breathe，and
so
making
us
more
restless.Although
it
originally
52
some
of
us
to
go
to
sleep，too
much
of
it
may
53
sleep，causing
us
to
wake
up
exhausted.
Eating
a
large，hea
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)vy
meal
too
close
to
bedtime
may
also
54
sleep.Spicy
or
fatty
foods
can
cause
heartburn，which
55
difficulty
in
sleeping
and
discomfort
throughout
the
night.
Wrong
body
temperature
Our
core
body
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)temperature
goes
down
when
we
sleep.It’s
56
by
our
body
clock，which
starts
to
open
up
the
blood
vessels(血管)
of
the
hands，face
and
feet，to
lose
heat，as
we
57
the
time
we
should
be
sleeping.But
if
our
bedrooms
are
too
58
，our
bodies
can’t
lose
heat.That
can
contribute
to
restlessness
and
59
.In
general，our
core
temperature
should
only
be
half
a
60
less
than
during
the
day.If
we
get
too
cold，we
get
restless.
41．A.popular
B．familiar
C．unforgettable
D．rare
42．A.tear
B．differ
C．suffer
D．prevent
43．A.sleep
B．feeling
C．mind
D．freedom
44．A.excited
B．pleased
C．anxious
D．curious
45．A.deny
B．suggest
C．avoid
D．practice
46．A.exam
B．excuse
C．event
D．activity
47．A.before
B．after
C．while
D．since
48．A.drown
B．pain
C．stay
D．choke
49．A.come
B．go
C．feel
D．fall
50．A.less
B．more
C．much
D．so
51．A.caffeine
B．alcohol
C．food
D．water
52．A.forbids
B．persuades
C．helps
D．encourages
53．A.increase
B．interrupt
C．speed
D．improve
54．A.delay
B．cause
C．result
D．affect
55．A.leads
to
B．adapts
to
C．approves
of
D．depends
on
56．A.harmed
B．selected
C．controlled
D．reserved
57．A.waste
B．approach
C．limit
D．kill
58．A.warm
B．cold
C．dark
D．bright
59．A.benefit
B．happiness
C．calmness
D．discomfort
60．A.prize
B．price
C．degree
D．point
高考完形填空分类指导之说明文
第6讲
知识点睛
经典精讲
实战演练
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