2020年度七宝中学高二第一学期英语期末测试
I.
Listening
Comprehension
(25分)
Section
A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
a
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversations
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s
the
man’s
feeling
?
A.
Impatient.
B.
Confused.
C.
Sincere.
D.
Comfortable.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M:
The
train
should
have
been
here
two
hours
ago.
How
much
longer
are
we
going
to
wait
?
W:
Until
it
comes,
Jimmy.
We
don’t
have
much
choice
.
2.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where
does
this
conversation
most
probably
take
place?
A.
In
a
restaurant.
B.
In
a
hotel.
C.
In
a
café.
D.
In
a
snack
bar.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M:
What
time
do
you
start
serving
breakfast,
please
?
W:
At
seven
in
the
dining-room.
But
you
can
get
it
earlier
in
your
room
if
you
wish.
3.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What
is
the
major
field
of
the
two
speakers?
A.
American
literature.
B.
Elementary
education.
C.
Children’s
literature.
D.
Art
history.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M:
Hi,
Helen,
what
do
you
think
of
this
class
in
children’s
literature
?
W:
It
is
pretty
good.
I
didn’t
know
that
you
also
major
in
elementary
education.
4.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What
does
the
woman
imply?
A.
She
will
continue
her
work
on
vacation.
B.
Papers
piled
while
she
was
on
vacation.
C.
She
has
too
much
work
to
do.
D.
She
has
made
her
vacation
plans.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M:
I’m
afraid
you’ve
been
working
too
hard.
You
should
take
a
vacation.
W:
Tell
that
to
the
pile
of
papers
on
my
desk!
5.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What
does
the
woman
mean
?
A.
The
man
can
only
make
a
local
call.
B.
The
man
can’t
use
her
telephone.
C.
The
man
can
call
any
person
in
the
world.
D.
The
man
can
be
her
guest
at
any
time.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M:
Hi,
Mag.
May
I
use
your
telephone?
W:
Yes.
Be
my
guest
as
long
as
it’s
a
local
call.
6.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why
did
Mark
refuse
to
take
the
job?
A.
Because
the
working
hours
were
not
suitable.
B.
Because
the
job
was
quite
difficult.
C.
Because
he
had
to
do
a
lot
of
travelling.
D.
Because
the
job
was
not
well
paid.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W:
Do
you
know
that
Mark
turned
down
that
job
offered
by
a
travel
agency?
M:
Yeah,
the
hours
were
convenient
but
he
wouldn’t
have
been
able
to
make
ends
meet.
7.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What
does
the
man
have
to
do
now?
A.
Finish
checking
his
reference.
B.
Complete
the
research.
C.
Put
the
material
in
order.
D.
Finish
typing
the
paper.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W:
How
are
you
getting
along
with
your
research
paper?
M:
I’ve
finished
all
my
research,
but
I
haven’t
been
able
to
organize
it,
so
I
haven’t
begun
the
paper
yet.
8.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What
does
the
man
mean?
A.
He’ll
ask
Steve
to
go
to
the
beach
with
them.
B.
He
wants
to
make
sure
the
weather
is
clear.
C.
He
doesn’t
know
if
they
can
have
a
room.
D.
He
isn’t
sure
whether
there
will
be
space
for
Steve.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W:
Steve
asked
if
he
could
take
a
ride
with
us
to
the
beach.
M:
Well,
I
will
see
whether
or
not
we’ll
have
room.
It’s
still
not
clear.
9.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What
are
the
speakers’
family
probably
going
to
do?
A.
Go
on
a
trip.
B.
Take
a
long
sail.
C.
Run
a
restaurant.
D.
Prepare
a
meal.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M:
Our
children
are
waiting
downstairs.
Let’s
hurry.
W:
Wait
a
minute.
We’ll
take
some
food
with
us.
They
don’t
like
the
meal
served
on
the
train.
10.
【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How
did
the
woman
read
the
book?
A.
She
only
read
the
contents
of
the
book.
B.
She
didn’t
omit
a
single
detail.
C.
She
scanned
the
whole
book.
D.
She
read
only
some
chapters
of
the
book.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M:
Have
you
finished
reading
the
book
you
borrowed
from
the
library
?
W:
Oh,
I
didn’t
read
exactly
the
way
you
did.
I
just
read
some
chapters
which
interested
me
most.
Section
B
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
two
passages
and
a
longer
conversation,
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
passages
and
the
conversation.
The
passages
and
the
conversation
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
question
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
What
do
we
know
about
the
U.S.
according
to
the
2016
survey?
A.
The
U.S.
is
not
one
of
the
happiest
countries
in
the
world.
B.
The
U.
S
experienced
a
decline
in
happiness
only
from
2005
to
2007.
C.
The
U.
S.
is
not
included
in
the
top
10
happiest
countries.
D.
The
U.
S.
is
among
the
47
countries
experiencing
a
decline
in
happiness.
12.
Which
country
has
the
largest
drop
in
happiness?
A.
Greece.
B.
Burundi.
C.
Denmark.
D.
Australia.
13.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
least
important
factor
driving
happiness?
A.
Quality
education.
B.
Safety
from
crime.
C.
Good
health.
D.
Wealth.
【答案】11.
C
12.
A
13.
D
【解析】
【原文】The
United
States
has
experienced
a
decline
in
happiness
during
the
past
ten
years
although
it
remains
among
the
world’s
happiest
countries.
That
finding
comes
from
the
Sustainable
Development
Solutions
Network
survey
on
March
26,
2016.
The
World
Happiness
Report
found
that
Americans
showed
“significant
decreases”
in
happiness
from
2005-2007
and
again
from
2013-2015.
The
U.S.
ranked
as
the
13th
happiest
country
in
the
2016
survey.
The
report
showed
that
45
nations
showed
a
decline
in
happiness
during
the
past
10
years.
Burundi
was
at
the
lowest
spot
in
the
rankings
of
more
than
150
nations.
The
happiest
country
in
the
world
was
Denmark,
according
to
the
report.
The
top
10
countries
also
included
Switzerland,
Iceland,
Norway,
Finland,
Canada,
Netherlands,
New
Zealand,
Australia
and
Sweden.
Greece
had
the
largest
drop
in
the
survey.
Researchers
blamed
the
drop
on
the
debt
crisis
in
the
country.
In
2014,
the
Pew
Research
Center
carried
out
a
life
satisfaction
survey.
In
that
survey,
a
top
conclusion
was
that
richer
countries
were
happier
than
poor
countries.
The
Pew
research
said
Asians
and
Africans
are
the
most
optimistic
people
about
their
futures.
Money
was
a
big
factordriving
happiness,
but
it
was
not
the
most
important
according
to
the
Pew
organization.
The
majority
of
those
asked
thought
good
health,
quality
education
for
their
children
and
safety
from
crime
were
more
important
than
wealth.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
What
was
the
weather
like
in
the
north
of
China
the
day
before
yesterday?
A.
Snowy.
B.
Cloudy.
C.
Smoggy.
D.
Rainy.
15.
What
was
yesterday’s
weather
warning
level
in
the
north
of
China?
A.
Red.
B.
Orange.
C.
Yellow.
D.
Blue.
16.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Snow
and
rain
have
already
brought
an
end
to
the
heavy
smog.
B.
Beijing
has
gone
through
two
red
alerts
for
smog.
C.
Beijing’s
PM2.5
levels
became
worse
in
2015.
D.
Winter
months
are
the
most
polluted
because
of
the
increased
use
of
cars.
【答案】14.
C
15.
C
16.
B
【解析】
【原文】Snow
and
rain
forecast
for
Monday
morning
is
expected
to
bring
to
an
end
to
the
heavy
smog
that
has
blanketed
much
of
the
north
for
the
past
two
days.
Many
cities
in
China
were
all
hit
by
smog
on
Sunday,
according
to
the
National
Meteorological
Center,
leaving
much
of
the
north
of
China
under
a
yellow
alert
for
pollution
for
the
second
day
in
a
row.
The
mainland
has
a
four-level,
color-coded,
weather
warning
system.
Red
represents
the
most
severe
weather,
followed
by
orange,
yellow
and
blue.
Beijing
has
twice
issued
a
red
alert
when
air
quality
reached
dangerous
levels,
ordering
schools
to
postpone
classes
and
carrying
out
traffic
restrictions.
Many
local
residents
have
complained
of
inconveniences
caused
by
the
restrictions,
and
are
growing
more
impatient
with
authorities’
failure
to
improve
the
air
quality.
Official
data
showed
Beijing’s
PM2.5
levels
had
improved
from
January
2015
to
October
2015,
compared
to
the
same
period
in
2014,
but
pollution
had
bounced
back
significantly
in
November
and
December.
Winter
months
are
usually
the
most
polluted
in
northern
China,
due
to
the
increased
use
of
central
heating
in
downtown
areas
and
the
burning
coal.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
Where
will
the
couple
get
married?
A.
In
the
woman’s
hometown.
B.
In
the
man’s
hometown.
C.
Outside
their
hometown.
D.
In
a
small
town.
18.
How
will
the
man
probably
choose
his
best
man?
A.
Choose
whichever
friend
can
give
the
best
toast.
B.
Choose
whichever
friend
can
plan
the
reception.
C.
Choose
whichever
friend
knows
all
their
in-laws.
D.
Choose
whichever
friend
can
plan
the
rehearsal
dinner.
19.
Who
is
supposed
to
plan
the
rehearsal
dinner?
A.
The
bride’s
family.
B.
A
wedding
planner.
C.
The
groom’s
family.
D.
The
new
couple.
20.
Why
doesn’t
the
woman
want
to
get
a
wedding
planner?
A.
She
doesn’t
think
it
is
a
tradition.
B.
She
thinks
it
will
cost
too
much
to
have
a
wedding
planner.
C.
She
thinks
her
mother-in-law
can
plan
the
wedding
well.
D.
She
doesn’t
want
a
stranger
to
plan
their
wedding.
【答案】17.
A
18.
A
19.
C
20.
D
【解析】
【原文】W:
Gosh,
John,
I
just
love
being
back
in
my
hometown.
It’s
the
perfect
place
to
get
married.
M:
Yeah,
I
guess
it’s
pretty
good.
I
can’t
wait
for
the
wedding.
It’s
going
to
be
a
great
party!
W:
A
party
?
John,
this
wedding
is
supposed
to
be
a
romantic
event
for
you
and
me.
M:
Yeah,
that’s
fine.
But
I’m
also
definitely
going
to
party
with
the
groomsmen
at
the
wedding
reception!
W:
That’s
right.
We
have
to
plan
the
reception
too.
How
many
people
do
you
think
will
come
?
M:
I
don’t
know…but
we
have
a
pretty
big
wedding
party,
and
I
have
a
really
big
family.
W:
That’s
true!
I
don’t
think
I
will
be
able
to
remember
the
names
of
all
my
in-laws
M:
Don’t
worry.
I
often
forget
some
of
their
names
too
!
W:
Say,
John,
do
you
know
who
your
best
man
is
going
to
be
?
M:
No,
I
haven’t
decided
yet.
I’ll
probably
choose
whichever
friend
can
give
the
best
toast.
What
about
your
maid
of
honor
?
W:
I
haven’t
had
time
to
decide
because
I’ve
been
so
busy
thinking
about
all
the
other
planning.
We
haven’t
even
talked
about
the
rehearsal
dinner
yet!
M:
Don’t
worry.
The
groom’s
family
is
supposed
to
plan
the
rehearsal
dinner.
It’s
the
tradition.
Let’s
just
get
a
wedding
planner
to
do
all
the
work
for
us.
W:
A
wedding
planner?
No
way!
I
don’t
want
a
stranger
to
plan
our
wedding.
M:
Well,
if
you
don’t
want
to
get
a
wedding
planner,
my
mother
said
she
would
be
happy
to
help
you
plan
the
wedding.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Grammar
(1
20=20)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,?use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
(A)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Deep
diving
exploration
While
most
photographers
put
their
cameras
away
when
the
night’s
dark
curtain
falls,
Zhang
Fan
gathers
his
equipment
and
starts
his
blackwater
diving
adventure.
Blackwater
diving
involves
photographing
small,
free-floating
(自由浮动的)
ocean
creatures
that
move
up
to
the
ocean’s
surface
(表面)after
dark
or
in
any
area
_____21_____
there
is
seemingly
no
bottom.
Still
quite
new
in
China,
blackwater
diving
_____22_____
(date)
back
to
1984
in
Hawaii,
US.
From
small
eel
larva
(幼龄鳗鱼)
to
big,
fierce
great
white
sharks,
each
of
Zhang’s
underwater
photographs
has
a
“wow”
factor.
But
the
story
behind
each
photo
adds
more
emotional
value
to
the
work
_____23_____
.
“It
is
like
meeting
an
old
neighbor,”
the
35-year-old
photographer
recalled,
speaking
of
the
touching
moment
when
he
returned
to
a
location
after
a
long
time
only
_____24_____
(see)
the
fish
he
previously
photographed
still
there.
While
the
underwater
world
_____25_____
seem
fascinating,
it’s
not
always
a
fairy
tale.
Zhang
said
that
he
encountered
many
dangerous
moments
underwater,
including
_____26_____
(hit)
as
a
sperm
whale
(抹香鲸)
went
by.
But
what
fascinated
him
most
is
that
he
can
witness
big
and
small
changes
in
the
ocean
and
_____27_____these
changes
can
tell
him
about
nature.
“Corals
(珊瑚)
are
_____28_____
the
first
indicators
of
climate
change.
With
the
rise
in
temperature,
corals
have
experienced
a
process
called
‘bleaching
(漂白)’,
____29____
they
lose
their
color
and
are
dying.
It
is
heartbreaking,”
he
explained.
This
risky
______30______
charming
art
has
helped
Zhang
attract
loads
of
fans.
His
Sina
Weibo
account
has
more
than
430,000
follower）.
He
hopes
that
his
photos
and
videos
can
act
as
a
wake-up
call
to
protect
our
oceans.
【答案】21.
where
22.
dates
23.
itself
24.
to
see
25.
may/might
26.
being
hit
27.
what
28.
among
29.
during/in
which
30.
but
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黑水潜水者张帆拍摄海洋生物的初衷和过程。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：黑水潜水包括拍摄小的、自由漂浮的海洋生物，它们在天黑后或在任何看起来没有底部的地方移动到海洋表面。此处为定语从句修饰先行词area，先行词在从句中地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：黑水潜水在中国还是个新鲜事物，它可以追溯到1984年美国夏威夷。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为blackwater
diving，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填dates。
【23题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：但每张照片背后的故事却为作品本身增添了更多的情感价值。结合句意表示“作品本身”可知应用反身代词itself。故填itself。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这位35岁的摄影师回忆道：“这就像遇到了一个老邻居。”他说到他在很久之后回到一个地方，却看到他之前拍摄的那条鱼还在那里的感人时刻。此处为“only
to
do
sth.”结构，为不定式作结果状语。故填to
see。
【25题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：虽然海底世界可能看起来很迷人，但它并不总是一个童话。后文seem为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，表示“可能”应用may/might。故填may/might。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：张说，他在水下遇到了很多危险的时刻，包括在一头抹香鲸经过时被击中。空处为动名词作宾语，且hit与he构成被动关系，应用being
done形式。故填being
hit。
【27题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：但最令他着迷的是，他能目睹海洋大大小小的变化，以及这些变化能告诉他关于大自然的一些事情。此处为and连接的两个表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事情，应用what。故填what。
【28题详解】
考查介词。句意：珊瑚是气候变化的首批指示器之一。根据后文“the
first
indicators”表示“在三者或三者以上中”应用介词among。故填among。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：随着温度的升高，珊瑚经历了一个被称为“漂白”的过程，在这个过程中，它们失去颜色，死亡。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词process，指物，根据短语“在……过程中”短语为in/during
a
process，可知应用介词during或in，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用关系代词which。故填during/in
which。
【30题详解】
考查连词。句意：这种冒险但富有魅力的艺术吸引了大批粉丝。结合前后文语境，可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
(B)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,?use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Space
exploration
has
always
been
the
province
of
dreamers:
The
human
imagination
readily
soars
_____31_____
human
ingenuity
struggles
to
follow.
A
Voyage
to
the
Moon,
often
cited
as
the
first
science
fiction
story,
was
written
by
Cyrano
de
Bergerac
in
1649.Cyrano
was
dead
and
buried
for
_____32_____
good
three
centuries
before
the
first
manned
rockets
started
to
fly.
In
1961,
when
Kennedy
declared
that
America
_____33_____
(send)
a
man
to
the
moon
by
the
decade's
end,
those
words,
too,
had
a
dreamlike
quality.
They
resonated
with
optimism
and
ambition
in
much
the
same
way
as
the
most
famous
dream
speech
_____34_____,
delivered
by
Martin
Luther
King
two
years
later.
By
the
end
of
the
decade,
both
visions
_____35_____
(yield)
concrete
results
and
transformed
American
society.
And
yet
in
many
ways
the
two
dreams
ended
up
_____36_____
odds
with
each
other.
The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite.
It
is
figuratively
and
literally
otherworldly
in
its
aims.
When
the
dust
settled,
the
space
dreamers
lost
out.
There
was
no
grand
follow-up
to
the
Apollo
missions.
The
technologically
compromised-space
shuttle
program
has
just
come
to
an
end,
with
no
successor.
The
argument
is
that
funds
are
tight,
and
_____37_____
we
have
more
pressing
problems
here
on
Earth.
Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit,
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury—_____38_____
saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year's
budget
would
solve
our
problems.
But
human
ingenuity
struggles
on
NASA
is
developing
a
series
of
robotic
probes
that
will
get
the
most
bang
from
a
buck.
They
will
serve
as
modern
Magellans,
mapping
out
the
solar
"system
for
_____39_____
explorers
follow,
whether
man
or
machine.
On
the
flip
side,
companies
like
Virgin
Galactic
are
plotting
a
bottom-up
attack
on
the
space
dream
by
making
it
a
reality
to
the
public.
Private
space-flight
______40______
lie
within
reach
of
rich
civilians
in
a
few
years.
Another
decade
or
two
and
it
could
go
mainstream.
【答案】31.
where
32.
a
33.
would
send
34.
of
all
35.
had
yielded
36.
at
37.
that
38.
as
if/as
though
39.
whatever
40.
could/can/may/might
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。宇宙探索一直是梦想家们的领域，文章主要说明了人们关于探索宇宙梦想的影响以及人类对宇宙探索付出的行动。
【31题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：宇宙探索一直是梦想家们的领域：人类的想象力十足，人类的创造力紧随其后努力将其变为现实。引导地点状语从句，意为“在……的地方”应用where。故填where。
【32题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在第一批载人火箭开始飞行之前，西拉诺已经死去，长眠了整整三个世纪。后文three
centuries视为一个整体，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且good是发音以辅音音素开头单词，应用a，a
good
three
centuries整整三个世纪，故填a。
【33题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪宣布美国将在六十年代结束前将人类送上月球时，这句话也带有一种梦幻般的意味。此处主句为一般过去时，从句也应用过去的对应时态，结合后文“by
the
decade's
end”可知从句应用过去将来时。故填would
send。
【34题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他们的乐观主义和雄心壮志在很大程度上与马丁·路德·金两年后发表的最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。结合语境表示“……中最……”短语为“最高级+of
all”。故填of
all。
【35题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：到本世纪末，这两种愿景都产生了具体成果，改变了美国社会。根据上文“By
the
end
of
the
decade”可知，到过去某一时间动作已经完成并且产生影响，应用过去完成时。故填had
yielded。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，在许多方面，这两个梦想最终却出现了分歧。结合句意表示“意见不一致；有分歧”短语为at
odds
with。故填at。
【37题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：理由是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。此处为and连接的两个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导，金起连接作用，无实义。故填that。
【38题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中，去探索星球似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈——似乎节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。根据后文saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year's
budget
would
solve
our
problems可知，表示与将来事实相反的假设，表从句谓语动词用would+动词原形，示“似乎”应用as
if/as
though。故填as
if/as
though。
【39题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们将扮演现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者绘制出太阳系的蓝图，无论他们追随的是人还是机器。此处为宾语从句，从句中的follow缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”应用whatever。故填whatever。
【40题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：几年后，私人太空飞行对富裕家庭可能唾手可得。后文lie为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，表示“可能”应用could/can/may/might。故填could/can/may/might。
Section
B
Vocabulary
(1
20=20)
(A)
Directions:
Complete
the
passage
with
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
Most
people
get
sweaty
palms
just
staring
at
EI
Capitan,
a
breathtaking
rock
formation
i
Yosemite
National
Park,
California.
Alex
Honnold’s
stayed
dry.
And
this
June,
he
managed
to
climb
the
900-meter
vertical
wall,
pulling
on
edges
barely
big
enough
for
___41___.
Honnold
could
not
___42___
any
slips.
That’s
because
he
carried
nothing
other
than
a
bag
of
gymnasts’
chalk,
to
keep
his
fingers
free
of
moisture.
There
was
no
rope
to
___43___him
if
he
fell.
After
a
four-hour
___44___
of
power
and
precision,
the
31-year-old
safely
challenged
himself.
EI
Capitan
had
been
climbed
___45___
before,
including
by
Honnold,
but
never
in
the
way
he
has.
In
2011,
an
American
TV
show
about
his
earlier
“free
solos”
drew
seventeen
million
viewers.
In
climbing,
“free”
means
using
nothing
but
rocks
for
support.
“
Solo”
means
free
of
protection.
It
is
the
sport
at
its
___46___.
In
Yosemite,
the
birthplace
of
American
climbing,
Hannold
has
reached
its
peak.
Praise
from
fellow
climbers
was
___47___
only
by
relief
at
his
safe
return.
The
achievement
marks
the
latest
in
a
series
of
milestones
for
sport
climbing
(竞技攀岩).
In
2015,
two
other
American
Tommy
Caldwell
and
Kevin
Jorgeson,
established
a
route
up
the
Dawn
Wall,
EI
Capitan’s
___48___part,
after
years
of
attempts.
They
made
the
front
page
of
the
New
York
Times
and
got
congratulations
from
Barack
Obama
for
the
achievement.
Last
year,
sport
climbing
was
___49___
accepted
into
the
Olympic
program
for
Tokyo
2020.
These
have
strengthened
climbing’s
position
in
the
sporting
circle
in
America
and
elsewhere.
Google
has
invited
Jorgeson
to
give
a
motivational
talk
to
its
employees.
Climbing
gyms
have
appeared
around
the
globe
over
the
past
decade,
making
the
event
safer
and
more
___50___to
ordinary
people.
The
gyms
have
been
popular
among
youngsters,
who
pay
more
attentions
to
exercises
than
to
belongings.
【答案】41.
C
42.
D
43.
F
44.
G
45.
H
46.
E
47.
I
48.
J
49.
A
50.
B
【解析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要描述了Yosemite优胜美地国家公园里的酋长岩上的黎明墙EI
Capitan远远地看着就能让人害怕的岩石，是世界上最难的攀岩路线，一直被认为是无法完成的攀岩路线。2015年，美国人汤米·考德威尔（Tommy
Caldwell）和凯文·乔格森（Kevin
Jorgeson）经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往黎明墙的路线。Alex
Honnold在今年的6月，通过自由攀登，第一次登上了近乎垂直的酋长岩上的黎明墙，被同行所称赞，成为体育攀岩里程碑中的最新成就。随着世界各地都出现了攀岩场，攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它了。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：今年6月，Alex
Honnold
成功地徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，这种岩石壁手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方。分析句子可知，本句是指攀爬的岩石非常难，手几乎没有地方可接触到，即只有手指尖(fingertips)大小的地方可接触，表明这次攀岩很危险。故填C项。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：Honnold不能有任何失误，那是因为他只带了一袋体操运动员用的吸湿粉，以保持手指不会湿。从后文That’s
because
he
carried
nothing
other
than
a
bag
of
gymnasts’
chalk,
to
keep
his
fingers
free
of
moisture.
说明Honnold
could
not
(2)______
any
slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所以对他来说承担不起即不能有任何闪失。“could
not
afford
sth..”意为”无法承担的起......”，故选择D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果他摔倒了，没有绳子来保护他的安全。to
do
sth,
可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子来保证他的安全(secure)。故选择F。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：四个小时他展示了他的力气和（计算上的）精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。分析句子结构可知，of前一般用名词，即名词+of...，可知此处要填名词，根据语境可知，此处要填display（展示，表现），G项意思符合。故选G。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：EI
Capitan以前也曾无伴攀爬过，包括Honnold，但从来没有以现在这样的方式攀爬过。EI
Capitan
had
been
climbed
(5)
______
before,
including
by
Honnold,
but
never
in
the
way
he
has.
In
2011,
an
American
TV
show
about
his
earlier
“free
solos”
drew
seventeen
million
viewers.
可以看出以前也有人过来独自（solo，意为“独奏，独舞，单人表演”）攀岩，solo即对应的是partnerless（无伴的），故选H。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一项最纯粹的运动。在美国攀岩运动的发源地约塞米蒂，汉诺德已经达到了顶峰。根据
In
climbing,
“free”
means
using
nothing
but
rocks
for
support.
“
Solo”
means
free
of
protection.
可知，这次攀岩运动没有任何保护措施，这正是这项运动最纯粹的(purest)部分。
at
its
purest，意为“最纯粹的”，符合题意，
故选E。
【47题详解】
考查分词。句意：欣慰的是他平安归来，配的上同伴们的称赞。根据上文可知，这次攀岩很危险，因此他能攀岩回来，配得上同伴们的称赞，故matched（与......相匹配，配的上......）
符合题意。故选I。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2015年，另两名美国人汤米·考德威尔(Tommy
Caldwell)和凯文·乔奇森(Kevin
Jorgeson)经过多年的尝试，建立了一条通往EI
Capitan最光滑，最光秃的黎明墙(Dawn
Wall)的路线。In
2015,
two
other
American
Tommy
Caldwell
and
Kevin
Jorgeson,
established
a
route
up
the
Dawn
Wall,
EI
Capitan’s
(8)______part,
after
years
of
attempts.
多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI
Capitan
以前未曾有人成功登上的地方，这是黎明墙最光秃秃的部分。
对应
blank意为“空白的，光秃秃的”，根据前面的“pulling
on
edges
barely
big
enough
for
___1___.”可知，几乎没有手可用力的地方。可为为最为光秃的地方，故选J。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：去年，运动攀岩正式被纳入2020年东京奥运会的比赛项目。根据“accepted
into
the
Olympic
program
for
Tokyo
2020”可知，在2020
年的奥林匹克运动会上climbing成为一个项目存在，即被正式的(officially)纳入比赛项目，故A项合适。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在过去的十年里，世界各地都出现了攀岩馆，这使得攀岩运动变得更加安全，普通人也更容易接触到它。
“accessible
to...”为固定搭配，意为“对......是可得到的/可使用的/可接触的”
ordinary
people.
现在攀岩馆出现在全世界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩为一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒险家才敢尝试。现在对大众来说也可以接触到。故B项合适。故选B项。
(B)
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
exchanges
B.
unseen
C.
building
D.
initiatives
E.
jointly
F.
broadening
G.
predicted
H.
popularizing
I.
mainstream
J.
shouldering
K.
enters
SAO
PAULO,
Oct.
31
(Xinhua)—
Media
representatives
from
the
BRICS
countries
discussed
the
development
of
new
media
technologies
and
adopted
an
action
plan
to
promote
cooperation
at
the
fourth
BRICS
Media
Forum
here
on
Thursday.
The
forum,
which
was
held
on
Oct.
30-31,
gathered
nearly
100
representatives
from
55
____51____
media
organizations
of
the
group's
member
countries—Brazil,
Russia,
India,
China
and
South
Africa.
With
the
theme
of
"Strengthening
Media
Cooperation
in
Building
the
BRICS
Community
with
a
Shared
Future,"
the
forum,
jointly
organized
by
China's
Xinhua
News
Agency
and
Brazil's
CMA
Group,
is
aimed
at
deepening
media
____52____
and
pragmatic
cooperation
among
the
BRICS
countries.
Chen
Peijie,
China's
consul
general
in
Sao
Paulo,
said
in
her
opening
ceremony
speech
that
the
achievements
of
BRICS
cooperation
and
the
bloc's
international
influence
cannot
be
separated
from
the
media's
efforts.
As
the
BRICS
cooperation
___53___
its
second
"golden
decade,"
media
cooperation
will
be
crucial,
she
said.
He
Ping,
editor-in-chief
of
Xinhua
News
Agency,
said
in
a
keynote
speech
at
the
event
that
the
world
is
undergoing
profound
changes
____54____
in
a
century,
and
the
BRICS
countries
need
more
than
ever
to
take
on
global
responsibilities.
As
chroniclers
of
history,
the
BRICS
media
are
____55____
the
important
task
of
promoting
cooperation
and
face
a
rare
opportunity
to
work
hand
in
hand
for
progress,
He
said.
He
proposed
four
____56____
to
strengthen
the
cooperation
of
the
BRICS
media.
He
suggested
the
BRICS
media
____57____the
bloc's
development,
and
actively
reflecting
economic,
cultural,
social
and
environmental
achievements
made
by
the
BRICS
countries.
He
then
called
for
telling
stories
of
people-to-people
exchanges.
He
also
proposed
____58____a
digital
media
that
keeps
pace
with
the
times
and
jointly
promote
the
development
and
application
of
new
technologies.
Moreover,
He
called
for
____59____the
areas
of
exchanges
and
mutual
assistance.
He
said
the
BRICS
media
need
to
expand
cooperation
in
news
reporting,
professional
training,
personnel
training,
financial
information
services
and
think
tank
exchanges.
Jose
Sanchez,
co-chairman
of
the
forum
and
president
of
financial
information
provider
CMA
Group,
said
in
his
speech
that
the
media
of
the
BRICS
countries
should
____60____
raise
their
voices
to
promote
a
more
fair
international
public
opinion
landscape.
【答案】51.
I
52.
A
53.
K
54.
B
55.
J
56.
D
57.
H
58.
C
59.
F
60.
E
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。10月31日，新华社报道来自金砖国家的媒体代表在周四举行的第四届金砖国家媒体论坛上讨论了发展新媒体技术，并通过了促进合作的行动计划。文章介绍了此次论坛主题以及各个成员国主流媒体代表的意见看法。
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：论坛于10月30日至31日举行，有来自该组织55个成员国——巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非——的近100名主流媒体代表参加。结合句意表示“主流”可知应填名词mainstream，作定语。故填mainstream。故选I。
【52题详解】
考查名词。句意：论坛以“加强媒体合作，共建金砖命运共同体”为主题，由中国新华社和巴西报业集团共同主办，旨在深化金砖国家媒体交流和务实合作。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“交流”可知应填名词exchange，前文没有冠词故用复数。故填exchanges。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词。句意：她说，随着金砖国家合作进入第二个“黄金十年”，媒体合作至关重要。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“进入”可知用动词enter，此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且主语为the
BRICS
cooperation，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填enters。故选K。
54题详解】
考查形容词。句意：新华社总编辑何平在会上发表主旨演讲称，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，金砖国家比以往任何时候都更需要承担起全球责任。结合语境表示“未有的，未见过的”应用形容词unseen，作定语。故填unseen。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为历史的记录者，金砖国家媒体肩负着促进合作的重要任务，也面临着携手共进的难得机遇。空处作谓语，表示“肩负”应用动词shoulder，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填shouldering。故选J。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：他提出加强金砖国家媒体合作的“四项倡议”。空处作宾语，表示“倡议”应用名词initiative，且由four修饰应用复数。故填initiatives。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议金砖国家媒体宣传金砖国家发展，积极反映金砖国家在经济、文化、社会、环境等领域取得的成就。表示“建议某人做某事”短语为suggest
sb.
doing
sth.。故填popularizing。故选H。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他还建议要建设与时俱进的数字媒体，共同推动新技术的发展和应用。结合句意表示“建议做某事”短语为propose
doing
sth.。故填building。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，他呼吁扩大交流和互助领域。空处作介词for的宾语，表示“扩大”应用动名词broadening。故填broadening。故选F。
【60题详解】
考查副词。句意：论坛联合主席、金融信息提供商CMA集团总裁Jose
Sanchez在演讲中表示，金砖国家媒体应该共同发出声音，促进更加公平的国际舆论格局。修饰后文动词raise，表示“共同”应用副词jointly，作状语。故填jointly。故选E。
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Cloze:
(1
15=15)
Sometimes
modern
problems
require
ancient
solutions.
A
1,400-year-old
Peruvian
method
of
diverting
water
could
supply
up
to
40,000
Olympic-size
swimming
pool’s
worth
of
water
to
Lima
each
year.
It
is
one
___61___
of
how
ancient
methods
could
support
existing
modern
ones
in
countries
without
enough
water.
Man-made
reservoirs
store
rainwater
and
water
overflow
for
use
during
dries
times.
But
reservoirs
are
costly,
require
years
to
plan
and
can
still
____62____
to
meet
water
needs.
Peru’s
capital,
Lima,
depends
on
water
from
rivers
high
in
the
Andes
Mountains.
It
takes
only
a
few
days
for
water
to
flow
down
to
the
city.
So
when
the
dry
season
begins
in
the
mountains,
the
water
supply
quickly
disappears.
The
city
___63___
this
with
modern
structures
such
as
man-made
reservoirs.
These
reservoirs
are
not
the
only
solution,
____64____.
Over
a
thousand
years
ago,
indigenous
people
developed
another
way
to
solve
water
problems.
Water
diverted,
____65____.
The
1,400-year-old
system
is
designed
to
increase
the
water
supply
during
the
dry
season
by
diverting
and
slowing
water
as
it
travels
down
the
mountains.
This
____66____-based
method
is
made
of
special
canals
that
guide
water
from
its
source
to
a
series
of
water
bodies
and
hillsides.
The
water
goes
____67____
into
the
ground,
then
flows
downhill
through
the
soil
and
___68___
in
water
bodies
near
the
community.
Its
aim
was
to
increase
the
water’s
travel
time
from
days
to
months
in
order
to
provide
water
throughout
the
day
season.
The
researchers
____69____
how
much
the
system
slowed
the
flow
of
water
by
injecting
special
dye
in
the
highlands
and
noting
when
it
reappeared
in
water
bodies.
The
dyed
water
started
to
______70______
two
weeks
later
and
continued
flowing
for
eight
months
—
a
huge
______71______
over
the
hours
or
days
it
would
normally
take.
______72______
increase
in
supply.
The
researchers
next
considered
how
using
a
larger
version
of
the
system
could
help
Lima.
They
combined
what
they
learned
in
Huamantanga
with
the
knowledge
of
physical
______73______
of
Lima’s
surroundings.
The
resulting
estimates
say
the
system
could
increase
Lima’s
dry-season
water
supply
by
7.5
percent
overall
and
up
to
33
percent
at
the
start
of
the
dry
season.
The
system
is
also
______74______
sound.
Ochoa-Tocachi,
a
researcher,
estimated
that
building
canals
similar
to
those
in
Huamantanga
would
cost
10
times
less
than
building
a
reservoir
of
the
same
size.
He
also
said
former
highland
societies
in
other
parts
of
the
world
had
methods
for
diverting
and
slowing
water
flow.
And,
they
could
use
these
methods
today
to
support
their
______75______
modern
methods.
61.
A.
sign
B.
example
C.
explanation
D.
theory
62.
A.
manage
B.
fail
C.
operate
D.
work
63.
A.
equips
B.
finances
C.
resolves
D.
constructs
64.
A.
furthermore
B.
however
C.
therefore
D.
moreover
65.
A.
promoted
B.
distributed
C.
dried
D.
delayed
66.
A.
nature
B.
economy
C.
welfare
D.
technology
67.
A.
swiftly
B.
deeply
C.
slowly
D.
rightly
68.
A.
reappears
B.
reserves
C.
reverses
D.
resumes
69.
A.
foretold
B.
measured
C.
estimated
D.
assumed
70.
A.
freeze
B.
fade
C.
surface
D.
flow
71.
A.
priority
B.
decline
C.
concern
D.
improvement
72.
A.
Considerate
B.
Slight
C.
Predictable
D.
Sizable
73.
A.
personalities
B.
qualities
C.
altitudes
D.
populations
74.
A.
geologically
B.
socially
C.
geographically
D.
economically
75.
A.
simpler
B.
costlier
C.
better
D.
safer
【答案】61.
B
62.
B
63.
C
64.
B
65.
D
66.
A
67.
C
68.
A
69.
B
70.
C
71.
D
72.
D
73.
B
74.
D
75.
B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种具有1400年历史的基于自然方法的水系统，它缓解了秘鲁地区旱季缺水的问题，并介绍了它的运行原理，以及现实意义。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个例子，说明古代的方法如何能够为那些没有足够水的国家现有的方法提供帮助。A.
sign标记，符号；B.
example例子，榜样；C.
explanation解释；D.
theory理论。根据前文“A
1,400-year-old
Peruvian
method
of
diverting
water
could
supply
up
to
40,000
Olympic-size
swimming
pool’s
worth
of
water
to
Lima
each
year.”可知，这是古代用水方法的一个实际例子，本句是对这个例子的进一步说明。故选B项。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是水库耗资巨大，需要数年时间进行规划，而且仍然不能满足用水需求。A.
manage设法完成；B.
fail失败；C.
operate操作，手术；D.
work工作，有效。根据前文“Man-made
reservoirs
store
rainwater
and
water
overflow
for
use
during
dries
times.”和本句句首连词But语义转折可知，此处应是否定含义，人造水库“不能”满足水需求。故选B项。
【63题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这座城市通过人造水库等现代建筑来解决这个问题。A.
equips装备；B.
finances提供资金；C.
resolves解决；D.
constructs建设。根据前文“So
when
the
dry
season
begins
in
the
mountains,
the
water
supply
quickly
disappears.”可知，干旱季节，水很快就消失，是个用水难题，本句中代词this即指此难题，所以此处指“解决”这个难题。下文“These
reservoirs
are
not
the
only
solution”也可验证，此处指“解决”问题。故选C项。
【64题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些水库并不是唯一的解决办法。A.
furthermore此外；B.
however然而；C.
therefore因此；D.
moreover而且。上文“The
city
___3___
this
with
modern
structures
such
as
man-made
reservoirs.”和下文“These
reservoirs
are
not
the
only
solution”之间是转折关系，故用转折副词。故选B项。
【65题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：水被转移了，延迟了。A.
promoted提升；B.
distributed分配；C.
dried变干；D.
delayed滞留，延迟，推迟。和前文“the
water
supply
quickly
disappears”相对应，根据后文“Its
aim
was
to
increase
the
water’s
travel
time
from
days
to
months
in
order
to
provide
water
throughout
the
day
season.”以及“The
dyed
water
started
to
___10___
two
weeks
later
and
continued
flowing
for
eight
months
—
a
huge
___11___
over
the
hours
or
days
it
would
normally
take.
”可知，为了解决水供应很快消失的问题，想办法使水流缓慢、延迟，从数天到数月。此处作为小标题概括下文，指水流延迟了。故选D项。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以自然为基础的方法是由特殊的渠道，引导水从它的源头到一系列的水体和山坡。A.
nature自然；B.
economy经济；C.
welfare幸福；D.
technology技术。根据后文“is
made
of
special
canals
that
guide
water
from
its
source
to
a
series
of
water
bodies
and
hillsides.”可知，这种引水方法是以自然山坡和水体为基础的。故选A项。
【67题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：水缓慢地进入地下，然后沿着土壤向下流，再重新出现在社区附近的水体中。A.
swiftly迅速地；B.
deeply深深地；C.
slowly慢慢地；D.
rightly正确地。根据后文“Its
aim
was
to
increase
the
water’s
travel
time
from
days
to
months
in
order
to
provide
water
throughout
the
day
season.”可知，水流的时间增长了，所以是水流缓慢地进入地下。故选C项。
【68题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：水缓慢地进入地下，然后沿着土壤向下流，再重新出现在社区附近的水体中。A.
reappears再次出现；B.
reserves储备；C.
reverses颠倒，反转；D.
resumes重新开始。根据后文“The
researchers
____9____
how
much
the
system
slowed
the
flow
of
water
by
injecting
special
dye
in
the
highlands
and
noting
when
it
reappeared
in
water
bodies.”中reappeared提示可知，水流多了几道程序，最后又重新出现在水体中，达到延缓水流的目的。故选A项。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过向高地注射特殊的染料来测量这个系统在多大程度上减缓了水的流动，并记录它何时再次出现在水体中。A.
foretold预言；B.
measured测量；C.
estimated估计，评价；D.
assumed假定。根据后文“The
dyed
water
started
to
___10___
two
weeks
later
and
continued
flowing
for
eight
months
—
a
huge
___11___
over
the
hours
or
days
it
would
normally
take.”可知，得出这个数据结论，是用上述方法测量出来的。故选B项。
【70题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个星期后，染色的水开始浮出水面，并且持续流动了八个月——比起通常需要的几个小时或几天，这是一个巨大的进步。A.
freeze冻结；B.
fade褪色，逐渐消失；C.
surface升到水面；D.
flow流动。染色的水升到水面上，才能观测到，所以此处应指“升到水面”。故选C项。
【71题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个星期后，染色的水开始升到水面，并且持续流动了八个月——比起通常需要的几个小时或几天，这是一个巨大的进步。A.
priority优先权；B.
decline衰退；C.
concern关心；D.
improvement改善，进步。根据前文“continued
flowing
for
eight
months”和后文“the
hours
or
days
it
would
normally
take”的比较可知，是一个巨大的进步。故选D项。
【72题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：供应量大幅增加。A.
Considerate考虑周到的；B.
Slight轻微的；C.
Predictable可预测的；D.
Sizable相当大的。根据后文“The
resulting
estimates
say
the
system
could
increase
Lima’s
dry-season
water
supply
by
7.5
percent
overall
and
up
to
33
percent
at
the
start
of
the
dry
season.”可知，水供应量大幅增加了。这里作为小标题概括下文，是指水供应量大幅增加。故选D项。
【73题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们把在
Huamantanga
学到的知识和Lima周围环境的物理特性结合起来。A.
personalities个性，人格；B.
qualities品质，特征；C.
altitudes高度，海拔；D.
populations人口。根据前文“This
____6____-based
method
is
made
of
special
canals
that
guide
water
from
its
source
to
a
series
of
water
bodies
and
hillsides.”可知，这种引水方法是以山坡和水体为基础的，所以说他们把知识和环境的物理特性结合起来。故选B项。
【74题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个系统在经济上也是明智的。A.
geologically地质学上；B.
socially社会上，社交上；C.
geographically地理上；D.
economically经济上，经济地。根据后文“Ochoa-Tocachi,
a
researcher,
estimated
that
building
canals
similar
to
those
in
Huamantanga
would
cost
10
times
less
than
building
a
reservoir
of
the
same
size.”可知，修建这样的引水系统成本要低很多，所以是经济上很明智的。故选D项。
【75题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，他们今天可以使用这些方法来为他们成本更高的现代方法提供帮助。A.
simpler更简单；B.
costlier代价更高的，昂贵的；C.
better更好的；D.
safer更安全的。根据上文“Ochoa-Tocachi,
a
researcher,
estimated
that
building
canals
similar
to
those
in
Huamantanga
would
cost
10
times
less
than
building
a
reservoir
of
the
same
size.”可知，用古代这种方法修建的水利用系统成本低很多，所以这里指成本更高的现代方法。故选B项。
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
A
We
Buy
Houses
-
Sell
Houses
Fast
Do
you
want
to
sell
a
house
fast?
Have
you
recently
been
relocated
and
need
a
fast
home
sale?
Are
you
tired
of
the
time
consuming
For
Sale
By
Owner
process?
Do
you
want
to
get
Top
Dollar
for
you
Home?
We
Buy
and
Sell
Houses
and
Homes
Fast
-
Any
Condition
We
will
Call
you
today
for
a
Fast,
Free,
No
Obligation
Consultation
We
are
a
national
group
of
real
estate
professionals
http://www./www/localoffices.htm
that
specializes
in
helping
home
owners
sell
their
home
as
quickly
and
easily
as
possible.
There
is
no
upfront
cost
and
no
obligation
because
we
are
devoted
to
providing
you
with
the
best
option
for
a
fast
home
sale.
We
routinely
buy
and
sell
all
types
of
property,
in
any
condition,
and
in
most
locations.
In
many
cases
we
can
close
on
your
house
quickly,
often
in
9
days
or
less,
with
all
cash
and
at
no
cost
to
you.
We
are
experienced
professionals
that
can
sell
just
about
any
house,
no
matter
what
type,
size,
location,
or
condition.
In
fact,
depending
on
the
situation,
we
can
often
make
you
an
offer
today
and
buy
your
house
within
24
hours!
We
know
that
selling
your
home
can
be
an
intimidating
process,
but
we
can
help
make
it
a
much
easier,
faster,
and
less
stressful
experience.
We
want
to
help
you
sell
your
house
as
quickly
as
possible.
Our
nationwide
network
of
knowledgeable
real
estate
specialists
are
available
to
discuss
in
detail
all
available
options,
from
quick
cash
closings
to
a
more
traditional
listing
arrangements.
We
understand
that
every
situation
is
unique;
therefore
we
do
not
provide
a
one-size-fits-all
solution.
We
want
to
work
with
you,
understand
your
needs,
and
help.
you
find
the
best
solution
for
your
specific
circumstances.
The
best
part
is
that
our
services
are
absolutely
Free
to
you,
the
home
owner.
We
want
to
help
you
sell
your
house
fast,
and
we
want
to
help
you
today.
There
is
No
Obligation,
No
Risk,
and
No
Cost
for
our
services!
76.
Who
are
supposed
to
be
interested
in
this
advertisement?
A.
Those
who
want
to
buy
a
new
house.
B.
Those
who
need
to
rent
an
apartment.
C.
Those
who
have
extra
houses
for
sale.
D.
Those
who
want
to
have
free
houses.
77
Which
is
the
probable
explanation
for
the
underlined
word
"relocated"?
A.
Borrowing
money,
from
banks.
B.
Moving
to
a
new
place.
C.
Promoted.
D.
Tired.
78.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
advertisement?
A.
It
usually
takes
two
weeks
to
sell
a
house.
B.
They
can
sell
all
kinds
of
houses
everywhere
in
the
world.
C.
They
have
free
consultants
to
answer
your
questions.
D.
They
can
buy
you
a
new
house
within
24
hours.
【答案】76.
C
77.
B
78.
C
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则帮助房主卖房子的广告，介绍了其具体服务流程和特色等信息。
【76题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We
want
to
help
you
sell
your
house
as
quickly
as
possible.
(我们想帮您尽快卖掉房子)”以及最后一段中“The
best
part
is
that
our
services
are
absolutely
Free
to
you,
the
home
owner.(最重要的是，我们的服务对您——房主是绝对免费的)”可推知，那些有多余房屋待售的人会对这个广告感兴趣。故选C。
【77题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“and
need
a
fast
home
sale”可知，本句设定的情景是：你最近搬家了，需要快速出售房子，故画线词意思为“搬到一个新地方”。故选B。
【78题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“We
will
Call
you
today
for
a
Fast,
Free,
No
Obligation
Consultation(今天我们将给您打电话，进行一次快速、免费的咨询)”可推知，他们有免费的顾问来回答你的问题。故选C。
B
Open
data-sharers
are
still
in
the
minority
in
many
fields.
Although
many
researchers
broadly
agree
that
public
access
to
raw
data
would
accelerate
science,
because
other
scientists
might
be
able
to
make
advances
not
foreseen
by
the
data's
producers,
most
are
reluctant
to
post
the
results
of
their
own
labours
online
(see
Nature
461,
160-163;
2009).
When
Wolkovich,
for
instance,
went
hunting
for
the
data
from
the
50
studies
in
her
meta-analysis,
only
8
data
sets
were
available
online,
and
many
of
the
researchers
whom
she
e-mailed
refused
to
share
their
work.
Forced
to
extract
data
from
tables
or
figures
in
publications,
Wolkovich's
team
could
conduct
only
limited
analyses
Some
communities
have
agreed
to
share
online
-
geneticists,
for
example,
post
DNA
sequences
at
the
GenBank
repository,
and
astronomers
are
accustomed
to
accessing
images
of
galaxies
and
stars
from,
say,
the
Sloan
Digital
Sky
Survey,
a
telescope
that
has
observed
some
500
million
objects
-
but
these
remain
the
exception,
not
the
rule.
Historically,
scientists
have
objected
to
sharing
for
many
reasons:
it
is
a
lot
of
work;
until
recently,
good
databases
did
not
exist;
grant
funders
were
not
pushing
for
sharing;
it
has
been
difficult
to
agree
on
standards
for
formatting
data
and
the
contextual
information
called
metadata;
and
there
is
no
agreed
way
to
assign
credit
for
data.
But
the
barriers
are
disappearing
in
part
because
journals
and
funding
agencies
worldwide
are
encouraging
scientists
to
make
their
data
public.
Last
year,
the
Royal
Society
in
London
said
in
its
report
Science
as
an
Open
Enterprise
that
scientists
need
to
shift
away
from
a
research
culture
where
data
is
viewed
as
private
preserve.
Funding
agencies
note
that
data
paid
for
with
public
money
should
be
public
information,
and
the
scientific
community
is
recognizing
that
data
can
now
be
shared
digitally
in
ways
that
were
not
possible
before.
To
match
the
growing
demand,
services
are
springing
up
to
make
it
easier
to
publish
research
products
online
and
enable
other
researchers
to
discover
and
cite
them.
Although
exhortations
to
share
data
often
concentrate
on
the
moral
advantages
of
sharing,
the
practice
is
not
purely
altruistic.
Researchers
who
share
get
plenty
of
personal
benefits,
including
more
connections
with
colleagues,
improved
visibility
and
increased
citations.
The
most
successful
sharers
-
those
whose
data
are
downloaded
and
cited
the
most
often
-
get
noticed,
and
their
work
gets
used.
For
example,
one
of
the
most
popular
data
sets
on
multidisciplinary
repository
Dryad
is
about
wood
density
around
the
world;
it
has
been
downloaded
5,700
times.
Co-author
Amy
Zanne,
a
biologist
at
George
Washington
University
in
Washington
DC,
thinks
that
users
probably
range
from
climate-change
researchers
wanting
to
estimate
how
much
carbon
is
stored
in
biomass,
to
foresters
looking
for
information
on
different
grades
of'
timber.
"I
would
much
prefer
to
have
my
data
used
by
the
maximum
number
of
people
to
ask
their
own
questions,"
she
says
"It's
important
to
allow
readers
and
reviewers
to
see
exactly
how
you
arrive
at
your
results.
Publishing
data
and
code
allows
your
science
to
be
reproducible
".
79.
What
do
many
researchers
generally
accept?
A.
It
is
imperative
to
protest
scientist'
patents
B.
Repositories
are
essential
to
scientific
research
C.
Open
data
sharing
is
most
important
to
medical
science
D.
Open
data
sharing
is
conducive
to
scientific
advancement
80.
What
is
the
attitude
of
most
researchers
towards
making
their
own
data
public?
A.
Opposed
B.
Ambiguous
C.
Liberal
D.
Neutral
81.
According
to
the
passage,
what
might
hinder
open
data
sharing？
A.
The
fear
of
massive
copying
B.
The
lack
of
a
research
culture
C.
The
belief
that
research
is
private
intellectual
property
D.
The
concern
that
certain
agencies
may
make
a
profit
out
of
it
82.
Dryad
serves
as
an
example
to
show
how
open
data
sharing
___
A.
is
becoming
increasingly
popular
B.
benefits
sharers
and
users
alike
C.
makes
researchers
successful
D.
saves
both
money
and
labor
【答案】79.
D
80.
A
81.
C
82.
B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学术界数据共享的好处以及对科技的推进作用。
【79题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although
many
researchers
broadly
agree
that
public
access
to
raw
data
would
accelerate
science,
because
other
scientists
might
be
able
to
make
advances
not
foreseen
by
the
data's
producers,
most
are
reluctant
to
post
the
results
of
their
own
labours
online.”（尽管许多研究人员普遍认为，公众获取原始数据将加速科学进步，因为其他科学家可能能够取得数据制作者无法预见的进步，但大多数研究人员不愿将自己的研究结果公布在网上。）可知，研究人员普遍认为开放数据共享有利于科学进步。故选D项。
【80题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“…most
are
reluctant
to
post
the
results
of
their
own
labours
online.”（但大多数研究人员不愿将自己的研究结果公布在网上。）以及第二段中“Historically,
scientists
have
objected
to
sharing
for
many
reasons…”（从历史上看，科学家反对共享的原因有很多……）可知，大多数研究人员不情愿公开自己的数据，所以他们对共享持反对态度。故选A项。
【81题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Historically,
scientists
have
objected
to
sharing
for
many
reasons:
it
is
a
lot
of
work…”（从历史上看，科学家反对共享的原因有很多：
这是一项繁重的工作……）和第三段中“Last
year,
the
Royal
Society
in
London
said
in
its
report
Science
as
an
Open
Enterprise
that
scientists
need
to
shift
away
from
a
research
culture
where
data
is
viewed
as
private
preserve.”（去年，伦敦皇家学会在其报告《科学作为一个开放的企业》中表示，科学家需要摆脱研究文化，即数据被视为私人保护。）可以推断，阻碍开放数据共享的原因可能是研究人员认为大量工作得到的研究成果是私人的知识产权。故选C项。
【82题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Researchers
who
share
get
plenty
of
personal
benefits,
including
more
connections
with
colleagues,
improved
visibility
and
increased
citations.
The
most
successful
sharers
-
those
whose
data
are
downloaded
and
cited
the
most
often
-
get
noticed,
and
their
work
gets
used.
For
example,
one
of
the
most
popular
data
sets
on
multidisciplinary
repository
Dryad
is
about
wood
density
around
the
world;
it
has
been
downloaded
5,700
times.”（
共享研究人员可以获得很多个人利益，包括与同事更多的联系，更高的可见度和更多的引用。最成功的分享者——那些数据被下载和引用最频繁的人——会得到关注，他们的工作也会被使用。例如，多学科知识库
Dryad中最流行的数据集之一是关于世界各地木材密度的数据；
它已经被下载了5,700次。）可知，Dryad作为一个例子，是来说明开放数据共享对分享者和使用者都有好处。故选B项。
C
Economically
speaking,
are
we
better
off
than
we
were
ten
years
ago?
Twenty
years
ago?
In
their
thirst
for
evidence
on
this
issue,
commentators
seized
on
the
recent
report
by
the
Census
Bureau,
which
found
that
average
household
income
rose
by
5.2%
in
2015.
Unfortunately,
that
conclusion
puts
too
much
weight
on
a
useful,
but
flawed
and
incomplete,
statistic.
Among
the
more
significant
problems
with
the
Census's
measure
are
that:
1)
it
excludes
taxes,
transfers,
and
compensation
like
employer-provided
health
insurance;
and
2)
it
is
based
on
surveys
rather
than
data.
Even
if
precisely
measured,
income
data
exclude
important
determinants
of
economic
wellbeing,
such
as
the
hours
of
work
needed
to
earn
that
income.
While
thinking
about
the
question,
we
came
across
a
recently
published
article
by
Charles
Jones
and
Peter
Klenow,
which
proposes
an
interesting
new
measure
of
economic
welfare.
While
by
no
means
perfect,
it
is
considerably
more
comprehensive
than
average
income,
taking
into
account
not
only
growth
in
consumption
per
person
but
also
changes
in
working
time,
life
expectancy,
and
inequality.
Moreover,
it
can
be
used
to
assess
economic
performance
both
across
countries
and
over
time.
The
Jones-Klenow
method
can
be
illustrated
by
a
cross-country
example.
Suppose
we
want
to
compare
the
economic
welfare
of
citizens
of
the
U.S.
and
France
in
2005.
In
2005,
as
the
authors
observe:
real
consumption
per
person
in
France
was
only
60%
as
high
as
the
U.S.,
making
it
appear
that
Americans
were
economically
much
better
off
than
the
French
on
average.
However,
that
comparison
omits
other
relevant
factors:
leisure
time,
life
expectancy,
and
economic
inequality.
The
French
take
longer
vacations
and
retire
earlier,
so
typically
work
fewer
hours;
they
enjoy
a
higher
life
expectancy,
presumably
reflecting
advantages
with
respect
to
health
care,
diet,
lifestyle,
and
the
like;
and
income
and
consumption
are
somewhat
more
equally
distributed
there
than
in
the
U.S.
Because
of
these
differences,
comparing
France's
consumption
with
the
U.S.'s
overstates
the
gap
in
economic
welfare.
Similar
calculations
can
be
used
to
compare
the
U.S.
and
other
countries.
For
example,
this
calculation
puts
economic
welfare
in
the
United
Kingdom
at
97
%
of
U.S.
levels,
but
estimates
Mexican
well-being
at
22%.
The
Jones-Klenow
measure
can
also
assess
an
economy's
performance
over
time.
According
to
this
measure,
as
of
the
early-to-mid-2000s,
the
U.S.
had
the
highest
economic
welfare
of
any
large
country.
Since
2007,
economic
welfare
in
the
U.S.
has
continued
to
improve.
However,
the
pace
of
improvement
has
slowed
markedly.
Methodologically,
the
lesson
from
the
Jones-Klenow
research
is
that
economic
welfare
is
multi-dimensional.
Their
approach
is
flexible
enough
that
in
principle
other
important
quality-of-life
changes
could
be
incorporated—for
example,
decreases
in
total
emissions
of
pollutants
and
declines
in
crime
rates.
83.
What
does
the
author
say
about
the
Jones-Klenow
method?
A.
It
is
widely
used
to
compare
the
economic
growth
across
countries.
B.
It
revolutionizes
the
way
of
measuring
ordinary
people's
livelihood.
C.
It
focuses
on
people's
consumption
rather
than
their
average
income.
D.
It
is
a
more
comprehensive
measure
of
people's
economic
well-being.
84.
What
do
Jones
and
Klenow
think
of
the
comparison
between
France
and
the
U.
S.
in
terms
of
real
consumption
per
person?
A.
It
reflected
the
existing
big
gap
between
the
two
economies.
B.
It
neglected
many
important
indicators
of
people's
welfare.
C.
It
covered
up
the
differences
between
individual
citizens.
D.
It
failed
to
count
in
their
difference
in
natural
resources.
85.
What
is
an
advantage
of
the
Jones-Klenow
method?
A.
It
can
accurately
pinpoint
a
country's
current
economic
problems.
B.
It
can
help
to
raise
people's
awareness
of
their
economic
well-being.
C.
It
can
diagnose
the
causes
of
a
country's
slowing
pace
of
economic
improvement.
D.
It
can
compare
a
country's
economic
conditions
between
different
periods
of
time.
86.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage
about
American
people's
economic
well-being?
A.
It
is
much
better
than
that
of
their
European
counterparts.
B.
It
has
been
on
the
decline
ever
since
the
turn
of
the
century.
C.
It
has
not
improved
as
much
as
reported
by
the
Census
Bureau.
D.
It
has
not
been
accurately
assessed
and
reported
since
mid-2000s.
【答案】83.
D
84.
B
85.
D
86.
C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Jones-Klenow方法，该方法是衡量人们经济福祉的更全面的衡量标准。
【83题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“While
thinking
about
the
question,
we
came
across
a
recently
published
article
by
Charles
Jones
and
Peter
Klenow,
which
proposes
an
interesting
new
measure
of
economic
welfare.
While
by
no
means
perfect,
it
is
considerably
more
comprehensive
than
average
income,
taking
into
account
not
only
growth
in
consumption
per
person
but
also
changes
in
working
time,
life
expectancy,
and
inequality.
Moreover,
it
can
be
used
to
assess
economic
performance
both
across
countries
and
over
time.(在思考这个问题时，我们看到了Charles
Jones和Peter
Klenow最近发表的一篇文章，其中提出了一种有趣的衡量经济福利的新方法。虽然它不是完美的，但它比平均收入要全面得多，不仅考虑了人均消费的增长，而且考虑了工作时间、预期寿命和不平等的变化。此外，它可以用来评估不同国家和不同时期的经济表现)”可知，作者认为Jones-Klenow方法是一个更全面的衡量人民经济福祉的方法。故选D。
【84题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“In
2005,
as
the
authors
observe:
real
consumption
per
person
in
France
was
only
60%
as
high
as
the
U.S.,
making
it
appear
that
Americans
were
economically
much
better
off
than
the
French
on
average.
However,
that
comparison
omits
other
relevant
factors:
leisure
time,
life
expectancy,
and
economic
inequality.(2005年，正如作者观察到的那样:法国的人均实际消费量仅为美国的60%，这似乎表明美国人的平均经济水平要比法国人好得多。然而，这种比较忽略了其他相关因素：闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等)”可知，Jones
和Klenow认为法国和美国之间就人均实际消费而言的比较，它忽略了许多关于人民福利的重要指标。故选B。
【85题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The
Jones-Klenow
measure
can
also
assess
an
economy's
performance
over
time.
According
to
this
measure,
as
of
the
early-to-mid-2000s,
the
U.S.
had
the
highest
economic
welfare
of
any
large
country.
Since
2007,
economic
welfare
in
the
U.S.
has
continued
to
improve.
However,
the
pace
of
improvement
has
slowed
markedly.(Jones-Klenow方法还可以评估一个经济体的长期表现。根据这一指标，到本世纪初至中期，美国的经济福利是所有大国中最高的。自2007年以来，美国的经济福利持续改善。然而，改善的步伐已明显放缓)”可知，Jones-Klenow方法的优点是它可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况。故选D。
【86题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In
their
thirst
for
evidence
on
this
issue,
commentators
seized
on
the
recent
report
by
the
Census
Bureau,
which
found
that
average
household
income
rose
by
5.2%
in
2015.
Unfortunately,
that
conclusion
puts
too
much
weight
on
a
useful,
but
flawed
and
incomplete,
statistic.(在这个问题上，评论家们急切地寻找证据，他们抓住了人口普查局最近的一份报告，该报告发现2015年平均家庭收入增长了5.2%。不幸的是，这个结论过于看重一个有用但有缺陷和不完整的统计数据)”可推知，美国人民的经济福祉没有像人口普查局报告的那样有很大的改善。故选C。
Section
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
Protecting
our
delicate
environment
seems
to
be
on
the
agenda
of
politicians,
government
leaders,
and
citizens
in
many
parts
of
the
world
to
show
support
for
mother-nature.
The
concept
of
green
consumerism
has
gained
momentum
more
and
more
over
the
last
decade,
and
the
public
feels
moved
to
pitch
in
and
help.
_____87_____.
Let's
use
paper
as
an
example.
The
first
step
is
to
raise
public
awareness
about
the
recycling
process,
to
explain
the
kinds
of
materials
that
can
be
recycled,
and
provide
ways
on
how
to
properly
dispose
of
them.
Local
governments
should
educate
the
public
on
how
to
properly
sort
reusable
materials
from
those,
like
waxed
paper,
carbon
paper,
plastic
material
such
as
fast
food
wrappers,
that
can't
be
recycled
very
easily.
_____88_____.
Second,
technological
progress
has
been
made
on
many
fronts,
but
governmental
agencies
need
to
step
up
technological
support
for
companies
involved
in
recycling
to
upgrade
equipment
and
to
encourage
further
research.
One
breakthrough
has
been
the
development
of
a
new
manufacturing
process
that
uses
enzymes
to
help
remove
ink
from
paper
in
more
energy
efficient
and
environmentally
safe
methods.
_____89_____.
The
difficulty
in
removing
print
from
paper,
the
amount
of
energy
expended
during
the
process,
and
caustic
waste
that
is
sometimes
produced
are
costs
that
companies
incur
that
are
then
passed
on
to
the
consumer.
The
final
key
is
to
increase
demand
for
the
growing
surplus
of
resources
waiting
to
be
recycled.
This
problem
has
appeared
in
various
regions
of
the
world
where
the
technology
to
process
the
used
materials
lags
far
behind
the
amount
being
collected
for
recycling.
_____90_____
;
yet
the
great
stumbling
block
to
implementing
the
second
stage
of
this
plan
could
be
impeded
by
the
corporate
sector's
inability
to
find
commercial
enterprises
interested
in
using
recycled
goods
especially
when
the
cost
exceeds
those
of
virgin
materials.
A.
Recycling
paper
materials
can
be
expensive
in
both
monetary
and
environmental
terms.
B.
However
tough
the
challenge
may
be,
supports
of
paper
recycling
never
step
back.
C.
Give
the
public
information
they
can
grasp,
and
then
you
will
increase
your
chances
of
gaining
followers.
D.
There
may
be
a
great
outpouring
of
support.
E.
So
we
are
actually
in
a
time
when
green
has
been
a
trend.
F.
However,
certain
essential
keys
are
needed
to
power
this
movement.
【答案】87.
E
88.
C
89.
A
90.
D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。保护我们脆弱的环境似乎已经被世界上许多地方的政治家、政府领导人和公民提上了议事日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。在过去的十年里，绿色消费主义的概念获得了越来越多的动力，公众感到被打动了，想要参与和帮助。文章以回收纸张为例，介绍了回收利用的具体过程。
【87题详解】
根据上文“Protecting
our
delicate
environment
seems
to
be
on
the
agenda
of
politicians,
government
leaders,
and
citizens
in
many
parts
of
the
world
to
show
support
for
mother-nature.
The
concept
of
green
consumerism
has
gained
momentum
more
and
more
over
the
last
decade,
and
the
public
feels
moved
to
pitch
in
and
help.(保护我们脆弱的环境似乎已经被世界上许多地方的政治家、政府领导人和公民提上了议事日程，以表达对大自然母亲的支持。在过去的十年里，绿色消费主义的概念获得了越来越多的动力，公众感到被打动了，想要参与和帮助)”可知，上文提到绿色消费主义获得了越来越多的动力，故本句总结上文说明：绿色已经成为一种趋势，E选项中green对应上文中green
consumerism。故E选项“所以我们实际上处在一个绿色已经成为一种趋势的时代”符合语境，故选E。
【88题详解】
根据上文“Let's
use
paper
as
an
example.
The
first
step
is
to
raise
public
awareness
about
the
recycling
process,
to
explain
the
kinds
of
materials
that
can
be
recycled,
and
provide
ways
on
how
to
properly
dispose
of
them.
Local
governments
should
educate
the
public
on
how
to
properly
sort
reusable
materials
from
those,
like
waxed
paper,
carbon
paper,
plastic
material
such
as
fast
food
wrappers,
that
can't
be
recycled
very
easily.(让我们以纸张为例。第一步是提高公众对回收过程的认识，解释可以回收的材料种类，并提供如何正确处理它们的方法。地方政府应该教育公众如何正确地将可重复使用的材料与那些不容易回收的材料，如蜡纸、碳纸、快餐包装纸等塑料材料进行分类)”可知，上文提到了政府教育公众如何正确回收利用材料，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文解释说明：给公众可以掌握的公众信息，他们就会追随环保的做法，C选项中they指代上文中the
public。故C选项“给他们可以掌握的公众信息，这样你就会增加你获得追随者的机会”符合语境，故选C。
【89题详解】
根据上文“One
breakthrough
has
been
the
development
of
a
new
manufacturing
process
that
uses
enzymes
to
help
remove
ink
from
paper
in
more
energy
efficient
and
environmentally
safe
methods.(其中一项突破是开发了一种新的制造工艺，使用酶以更节能和环保的方式帮助去除纸张上的墨水)”以及后文“The
difficulty
in
removing
print
from
paper,
the
amount
of
energy
expended
during
the
process,
and
caustic
waste
that
is
sometimes
produced
are
costs
that
companies
incur
that
are
then
passed
on
to
the
consumer.(从纸上去除印刷物的困难，过程中消耗的能量，以及有时产生的腐蚀性废物，都是公司产生的成本，然后转嫁给消费者)”可知，后文提到回收纸质材料公司需要耗费大量的成本，而这种成本都转嫁给了消费者，造成回收纸质材料非常昂贵。故A选项“从经济和环境的角度来看，回收纸质材料是很昂贵的”符合语境，故选A。
【90题详解】
根据后文“yet
the
great
stumbling
block
to
implementing
the
second
stage
of
this
plan
could
be
impeded
by
the
corporate
sector's
inability
to
find
commercial
enterprises
interested
in
using
recycled
goods
especially
when
the
cost
exceeds
those
of
virgin
materials.(然而，执行该计划第二阶段的巨大障碍可能因公司部门无法找到有兴趣使用回收物品的商业企业而受到阻碍，特别是当回收物品的成本超过原始材料时)”可知，yet表示转折，后文提到了遇到的障碍，说明本句是在说明好的方面，即获得支持。故D选项“可能会有大量的支持”符合语境，故选D。
IV.
Summary
Writing
91.
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Much
time
and
effort
has
been
devoted
to
researching
the
mental
health
benefits
of
flexible
work
environments,
but
can
the
ability
to
leave
work
early
to
watch
your
son’s
soccer
game,
or
arrive
at
the
office
a
bit
later
in
the
morning
in
order
to
see
to
some
personal
matters,
have
physical
health
benefits
besides
making
you
feel
a
bit
relaxed?
According
to
new
research
published
in
the
Cochrane
Library
Database
of
Systematic
Reviews,
it
seems
so.
In
a
review
of
10
previous
studies
examining
the
health
effects
of
unfixed
work
conditions
for
more
than
16,000
people,
researchers
from
the
U.K..
Durham
University
and
University
of
Newcastle,
as
well
as
the
University
of
Montreal,
found
that
flexible
work
schedules,
for
instance,
when
employees
can
shift
their
starting
times,
were
associated
with
improvements
in
a
person’s
overall
health.
In
addition,
perhaps,
unsurprisingly,
in
all
of
the
studies
included
in
the
review,
researchers
found
no
evidence
for
negative
effects
of
more
flexible
work
schedules.
This
initial
analysis
was
intended
to
throw
light
on
the
potential
health
benefits
of
flexible
work
options,
which
are
increasingly
popular
throughout
Scandinavia2020年度七宝中学高二第一学期英语期末测试
I.
Listening
Comprehension
(25分)
Section
A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
a
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversations
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
What’s
the
man’s
feeling
?
A.
Impatient.
B.
Confused.
C.
Sincere.
D.
Comfortable.
2.
Where
does
this
conversation
most
probably
take
place?
A.
In
a
restaurant.
B.
In
a
hotel.
C.
In
a
café.
D.
In
a
snack
bar.
3What
is
the
major
field
of
the
two
speakers?
A.
American
literature.
B.
Elementary
education.
C.
Children’s
literature.
D.
Art
history.
4.
What
does
the
woman
imply?
A.
She
will
continue
her
work
on
vacation.
B.
Papers
piled
while
she
was
on
vacation.
C.
She
has
too
much
work
to
do.
D.
She
has
made
her
vacation
plans.
5.
What
does
the
woman
mean
?
A.
The
man
can
only
make
a
local
call.
B.
The
man
can’t
use
her
telephone.
C.
The
man
can
call
any
person
in
the
world.
D.
The
man
can
be
her
guest
at
any
time.
6.
Why
did
Mark
refuse
to
take
the
job?
A.
Because
the
working
hours
were
not
suitable.
B.
Because
the
job
was
quite
difficult.
C.
Because
he
had
to
do
a
lot
of
travelling.
D.
Because
the
job
was
not
well
paid.
7.
What
does
the
man
have
to
do
now?
A.
Finish
checking
his
reference.
B.
Complete
the
research.
C.
Put
the
material
in
order.
D.
Finish
typing
the
paper.
8.What
does
the
man
mean?
A.
He’ll
ask
Steve
to
go
to
the
beach
with
them.
B.
He
wants
to
make
sure
the
weather
is
clear.
C.
He
doesn’t
know
if
they
can
have
a
room.
D.
He
isn’t
sure
whether
there
will
be
space
for
Steve.
9.
What
are
the
speakers’
family
probably
going
to
do?
A.
Go
on
a
trip.
B.
Take
a
long
sail.
C.
Run
a
restaurant.
D.
Prepare
a
meal.
10.
How
did
the
woman
read
the
book?
A.
She
only
read
the
contents
of
the
book.
B.
She
didn’t
omit
a
single
detail.
C.
She
scanned
the
whole
book.
D.
She
read
only
some
chapters
of
the
book.
Section
B
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
two
passages
and
a
longer
conversation,
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
passages
and
the
conversation.
The
passages
and
the
conversation
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
question
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
11.
What
do
we
know
about
the
U.S.
according
to
the
2016
survey?
A.
The
U.S.
is
not
one
of
the
happiest
countries
in
the
world.
B.
The
U.
S
experienced
a
decline
in
happiness
only
from
2005
to
2007.
C.
The
U.
S.
is
not
included
in
the
top
10
happiest
countries.
D.
The
U.
S.
is
among
the
47
countries
experiencing
a
decline
in
happiness.
12.
Which
country
has
the
largest
drop
in
happiness?
A.
Greece.
B.
Burundi.
C.
Denmark.
D.
Australia.
13.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
least
important
factor
driving
happiness?
A.
Quality
education.
B.
Safety
from
crime.
C.
Good
health.
D.
Wealth.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
14.
What
was
the
weather
like
in
the
north
of
China
the
day
before
yesterday?
A.
Snowy.
B.
Cloudy.
C.
Smoggy.
D.
Rainy.
15.
What
was
yesterday’s
weather
warning
level
in
the
north
of
China?
A.
Red.
B.
Orange.
C.
Yellow.
D.
Blue.
16.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Snow
and
rain
have
already
brought
an
end
to
the
heavy
smog.
B.
Beijing
has
gone
through
two
red
alerts
for
smog.
C.
Beijing’s
PM2.5
levels
became
worse
in
2015.
D.
Winter
months
are
the
most
polluted
because
of
the
increased
use
of
cars.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17.
Where
will
the
couple
get
married?
A.
In
the
woman’s
hometown.
B.
In
the
man’s
hometown.
C.
Outside
their
hometown.
D.
In
a
small
town.
18.
How
will
the
man
probably
choose
his
best
man?
A.
Choose
whichever
friend
can
give
the
best
toast.
B.
Choose
whichever
friend
can
plan
the
reception.
C.
Choose
whichever
friend
knows
all
their
in-laws.
D.
Choose
whichever
friend
can
plan
the
rehearsal
dinner.
19.
Who
is
supposed
to
plan
the
rehearsal
dinner?
A.
The
bride’s
family.
B.
A
wedding
planner.
C.
The
groom’s
family.
D.
The
new
couple.
20.
Why
doesn’t
the
woman
want
to
get
a
wedding
planner?
A.
She
doesn’t
think
it
is
a
tradition.
B.
She
thinks
it
will
cost
too
much
to
have
a
wedding
planner.
C.
She
thinks
her
mother-in-law
can
plan
the
wedding
well.
D.
She
doesn’t
want
a
stranger
to
plan
their
wedding.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Grammar
(1
20=20)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,?use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
(A)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Deep
diving
exploration
While
most
photographers
put
their
cameras
away
when
the
night’s
dark
curtain
falls,
Zhang
Fan
gathers
his
equipment
and
starts
his
blackwater
diving
adventure.
Blackwater
diving
involves
photographing
small,
free-floating
(自由浮动的)
ocean
creatures
that
move
up
to
the
ocean’s
surface
(表面)after
dark
or
in
any
area
_____21_____
there
is
seemingly
no
bottom.
Still
quite
new
in
China,
blackwater
diving
_____22_____
(date)
back
to
1984
in
Hawaii,
US.
From
small
eel
larva
(幼龄鳗鱼)
to
big,
fierce
great
white
sharks,
each
of
Zhang’s
underwater
photographs
has
a
“wow”
factor.
But
the
story
behind
each
photo
adds
more
emotional
value
to
the
work
_____23_____
.
“It
is
like
meeting
an
old
neighbor,”
the
35-year-old
photographer
recalled,
speaking
of
the
touching
moment
when
he
returned
to
a
location
after
a
long
time
only
_____24_____
(see)
the
fish
he
previously
photographed
still
there.
While
the
underwater
world
_____25_____
seem
fascinating,
it’s
not
always
a
fairy
tale.
Zhang
said
that
he
encountered
many
dangerous
moments
underwater,
including
_____26_____
(hit)
as
a
sperm
whale
(抹香鲸)
went
by.
But
what
fascinated
him
most
is
that
he
can
witness
big
and
small
changes
in
the
ocean
and
_____27_____these
changes
can
tell
him
about
nature.
“Corals
(珊瑚)
are
_____28_____
the
first
indicators
of
climate
change.
With
the
rise
in
temperature,
corals
have
experienced
a
process
called
‘bleaching
(漂白)’,
____29____
they
lose
their
color
and
are
dying.
It
is
heartbreaking,”
he
explained.
This
risky
______30______
charming
art
has
helped
Zhang
attract
loads
of
fans.
His
Sina
Weibo
account
has
more
than
430,000
follower）.
He
hopes
that
his
photos
and
videos
can
act
as
a
wake-up
call
to
protect
our
oceans.
(B)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,?use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Space
exploration
has
always
been
the
province
of
dreamers:
The
human
imagination
readily
soars
_____31_____
human
ingenuity
struggles
to
follow.
A
Voyage
to
the
Moon,
often
cited
as
the
first
science
fiction
story,
was
written
by
Cyrano
de
Bergerac
in
1649.Cyrano
was
dead
and
buried
for
_____32_____
good
three
centuries
before
the
first
manned
rockets
started
to
fly.
In
1961,
when
Kennedy
declared
that
America
_____33_____
(send)
a
man
to
the
moon
by
the
decade's
end,
those
words,
too,
had
a
dreamlike
quality.
They
resonated
with
optimism
and
ambition
in
much
the
same
way
as
the
most
famous
dream
speech
_____34_____,
delivered
by
Martin
Luther
King
two
years
later.
By
the
end
of
the
decade,
both
visions
_____35_____
(yield)
concrete
results
and
transformed
American
society.
And
yet
in
many
ways
the
two
dreams
ended
up
_____36_____
odds
with
each
other.
The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite.
It
is
figuratively
and
literally
otherworldly
in
its
aims.
When
the
dust
settled,
the
space
dreamers
lost
out.
There
was
no
grand
follow-up
to
the
Apollo
missions.
The
technologically
compromised-space
shuttle
program
has
just
come
to
an
end,
with
no
successor.
The
argument
is
that
funds
are
tight,
and
_____37_____
we
have
more
pressing
problems
here
on
Earth.
Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit,
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury—_____38_____
saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year's
budget
would
solve
our
problems.
But
human
ingenuity
struggles
on
NASA
is
developing
a
series
of
robotic
probes
that
will
get
the
most
bang
from
a
buck.
They
will
serve
as
modern
Magellans,
mapping
out
the
solar
"system
for
_____39_____
explorers
follow,
whether
man
or
machine.
On
the
flip
side,
companies
like
Virgin
Galactic
are
plotting
a
bottom-up
attack
on
the
space
dream
by
making
it
a
reality
to
the
public.
Private
space-flight
______40______
lie
within
reach
of
rich
civilians
in
a
few
years.
Another
decade
or
two
and
it
could
go
mainstream.
Section
B
Vocabulary
(1
20=20)
(A)
Directions:
Complete
the
passage
with
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
Most
people
get
sweaty
palms
just
staring
at
EI
Capitan,
a
breathtaking
rock
formation
i
Yosemite
National
Park,
California.
Alex
Honnold’s
stayed
dry.
And
this
June,
he
managed
to
climb
the
900-meter
vertical
wall,
pulling
on
edges
barely
big
enough
for
___41___.
Honnold
could
not
___42___
any
slips.
That’s
because
he
carried
nothing
other
than
a
bag
of
gymnasts’
chalk,
to
keep
his
fingers
free
of
moisture.
There
was
no
rope
to
___43___him
if
he
fell.
After
a
four-hour
___44___
of
power
and
precision,
the
31-year-old
safely
challenged
himself.
EI
Capitan
had
been
climbed
___45___
before,
including
by
Honnold,
but
never
in
the
way
he
has.
In
2011,
an
American
TV
show
about
his
earlier
“free
solos”
drew
seventeen
million
viewers.
In
climbing,
“free”
means
using
nothing
but
rocks
for
support.
“
Solo”
means
free
of
protection.
It
is
the
sport
at
its
___46___.
In
Yosemite,
the
birthplace
of
American
climbing,
Hannold
has
reached
its
peak.
Praise
from
fellow
climbers
was
___47___
only
by
relief
at
his
safe
return.
The
achievement
marks
the
latest
in
a
series
of
milestones
for
sport
climbing
(竞技攀岩).
In
2015,
two
other
American
Tommy
Caldwell
and
Kevin
Jorgeson,
established
a
route
up
the
Dawn
Wall,
EI
Capitan’s
___48___part,
after
years
of
attempts.
They
made
the
front
page
of
the
New
York
Times
and
got
congratulations
from
Barack
Obama
for
the
achievement.
Last
year,
sport
climbing
was
___49___
accepted
into
the
Olympic
program
for
Tokyo
2020.
These
have
strengthened
climbing’s
position
in
the
sporting
circle
in
America
and
elsewhere.
Google
has
invited
Jorgeson
to
give
a
motivational
talk
to
its
employees.
Climbing
gyms
have
appeared
around
the
globe
over
the
past
decade,
making
the
event
safer
and
more
___50___to
ordinary
people.
The
gyms
have
been
popular
among
youngsters,
who
pay
more
attentions
to
exercises
than
to
belongings.
(B)
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
exchanges
B.
unseen
C.
building
D.
initiatives
E.
jointly
F.
broadening
G.
predicted
H.
popularizing
I.
mainstream
J.
shouldering
K.
enters
SAO
PAULO,
Oct.
31
(Xinhua)—
Media
representatives
from
the
BRICS
countries
discussed
the
development
of
new
media
technologies
and
adopted
an
action
plan
to
promote
cooperation
at
the
fourth
BRICS
Media
Forum
here
on
Thursday.
The
forum,
which
was
held
on
Oct.
30-31,
gathered
nearly
100
representatives
from
55
____51____
media
organizations
of
the
group's
member
countries—Brazil,
Russia,
India,
China
and
South
Africa.
With
the
theme
of
"Strengthening
Media
Cooperation
in
Building
the
BRICS
Community
with
a
Shared
Future,"
the
forum,
jointly
organized
by
China's
Xinhua
News
Agency
and
Brazil's
CMA
Group,
is
aimed
at
deepening
media
____52____
and
pragmatic
cooperation
among
the
BRICS
countries.
Chen
Peijie,
China's
consul
general
in
Sao
Paulo,
said
in
her
opening
ceremony
speech
that
the
achievements
of
BRICS
cooperation
and
the
bloc's
international
influence
cannot
be
separated
from
the
media's
efforts.
As
the
BRICS
cooperation
___53___
its
second
"golden
decade,"
media
cooperation
will
be
crucial,
she
said.
He
Ping,
editor-in-chief
of
Xinhua
News
Agency,
said
in
a
keynote
speech
at
the
event
that
the
world
is
undergoing
profound
changes
____54____
in
a
century,
and
the
BRICS
countries
need
more
than
ever
to
take
on
global
responsibilities.
As
chroniclers
of
history,
the
BRICS
media
are
____55____
the
important
task
of
promoting
cooperation
and
face
a
rare
opportunity
to
work
hand
in
hand
for
progress,
He
said.
He
proposed
four
____56____
to
strengthen
the
cooperation
of
the
BRICS
media.
He
suggested
the
BRICS
media
____57____the
bloc's
development,
and
actively
reflecting
economic,
cultural,
social
and
environmental
achievements
made
by
the
BRICS
countries.
He
then
called
for
telling
stories
of
people-to-people
exchanges.
He
also
proposed
____58____a
digital
media
that
keeps
pace
with
the
times
and
jointly
promote
the
development
and
application
of
new
technologies.
Moreover,
He
called
for
____59____the
areas
of
exchanges
and
mutual
assistance.
He
said
the
BRICS
media
need
to
expand
cooperation
in
news
reporting,
professional
training,
personnel
training,
financial
information
services
and
think
tank
exchanges.
Jose
Sanchez,
co-chairman
of
the
forum
and
president
of
financial
information
provider
CMA
Group,
said
in
his
speech
that
the
media
of
the
BRICS
countries
should
____60____
raise
their
voices
to
promote
a
more
fair
international
public
opinion
landscape.
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Cloze:
(1
15=15)
Sometimes
modern
problems
require
ancient
solutions.
A
1,400-year-old
Peruvian
method
of
diverting
water
could
supply
up
to
40,000
Olympic-size
swimming
pool’s
worth
of
water
to
Lima
each
year.
It
is
one
___61___
of
how
ancient
methods
could
support
existing
modern
ones
in
countries
without
enough
water.
Man-made
reservoirs
store
rainwater
and
water
overflow
for
use
during
dries
times.
But
reservoirs
are
costly,
require
years
to
plan
and
can
still
____62____
to
meet
water
needs.
Peru’s
capital,
Lima,
depends
on
water
from
rivers
high
in
the
Andes
Mountains.
It
takes
only
a
few
days
for
water
to
flow
down
to
the
city.
So
when
the
dry
season
begins
in
the
mountains,
the
water
supply
quickly
disappears.
The
city
___63___
this
with
modern
structures
such
as
man-made
reservoirs.
These
reservoirs
are
not
the
only
solution,
____64____.
Over
a
thousand
years
ago,
indigenous
people
developed
another
way
to
solve
water
problems.
Water
diverted
____65____.
The
1,400-year-old
system
is
designed
to
increase
the
water
supply
during
the
dry
season
by
diverting
and
slowing
water
as
it
travels
down
the
mountains.
This
____66____-based
method
is
made
of
special
canals
that
guide
water
from
its
source
to
a
series
of
water
bodies
and
hillsides.
The
water
goes
____67____
into
the
ground,
then
flows
downhill
through
the
soil
and
___68___
in
water
bodies
near
the
community.
Its
aim
was
to
increase
the
water’s
travel
time
from
days
to
months
in
order
to
provide
water
throughout
the
day
season.
The
researchers
____69____
how
much
the
system
slowed
the
flow
of
water
by
injecting
special
dye
in
the
highlands
and
noting
when
it
reappeared
in
water
bodies.
The
dyed
water
started
to
______70______
two
weeks
later
and
continued
flowing
for
eight
months
—
a
huge
______71______
over
the
hours
or
days
it
would
normally
take.
______72______
increase
in
supply
The
researchers
next
considered
how
using
a
larger
version
of
the
system
could
help
Lima.
They
combined
what
they
learned
in
Huamantanga
with
the
knowledge
of
physical
______73______
of
Lima’s
surroundings.
The
resulting
estimates
say
the
system
could
increase
Lima’s
dry-season
water
supply
by
7.5
percent
overall
and
up
to
33
percent
at
the
start
of
the
dry
season.
The
system
is
also
______74______
sound.
Ochoa-Tocachi,
a
researcher,
estimated
that
building
canals
similar
to
those
in
Huamantanga
would
cost
10
times
less
than
building
a
reservoir
of
the
same
size.
He
also
said
former
highland
societies
in
other
parts
of
the
world
had
methods
for
diverting
and
slowing
water
flow.
And,
they
could
use
these
methods
today
to
support
their
______75______
modern
methods.
61.
A.
sign
B.
example
C.
explanation
D.
theory
62.
A.
manage
B.
fail
C.
operate
D.
work
63.
A.
equips
B.
finances
C.
resolves
D.
constructs
64.
A.
furthermore
B.
however
C.
therefore
D.
moreover
65.
A.
promoted
B.
distributed
C.
dried
D.
delayed
66.
A.
nature
B.
economy
C.
welfare
D.
technology
67.
A.
swiftly
B.
deeply
C.
slowly
D.
rightly
68.
A.
reappears
B.
reserves
C.
reverses
D.
resumes
69.
A.
foretold
B.
measured
C.
estimated
D.
assumed
70.
A.
freeze
B.
fade
C.
surface
D.
flow
71.
A.
priority
B.
decline
C.
concern
D.
improvement
72.
A.
Considerate
B.
Slight
C.
Predictable
D.
Sizable
73.
A.
personalities
B.
qualities
C.
altitudes
D.
populations
74.
A.
geologically
B.
socially
C.
geographically
D.
economically
75.
A.
simpler
B.
costlier
C.
better
D.
safer
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
A
We
Buy
Houses
-
Sell
Houses
Fast
Do
you
want
to
sell
a
house
fast?
Have
you
recently
been
relocated
and
need
a
fast
home
sale?
Are
you
tired
of
the
time
consuming
For
Sale
By
Owner
process?
Do
you
want
to
get
Top
Dollar
for
you
Home?
We
Buy
and
Sell
Houses
and
Homes
Fast
-
Any
Condition
We
will
Call
you
today
for
a
Fast,
Free,
No
Obligation
Consultation
We
are
a
national
group
of
real
estate
professionals
http://www./www/localoffices.htm
that
specializes
in
helping
home
owners
sell
their
home
as
quickly
and
easily
as
possible.
There
is
no
upfront
cost
and
no
obligation
because
we
are
devoted
to
providing
you
with
the
best
option
for
a
fast
home
sale.
We
routinely
buy
and
sell
all
types
of
property,
in
any
condition,
and
in
most
locations.
In
many
cases
we
can
close
on
your
house
quickly,
often
in
9
days
or
less,
with
all
cash
and
at
no
cost
to
you.
We
are
experienced
professionals
that
can
sell
just
about
any
house,
no
matter
what
type,
size,
location,
or
condition.
In
fact,
depending
on
the
situation,
we
can
often
make
you
an
offer
today
and
buy
your
house
within
24
hours!
We
know
that
selling
your
home
can
be
an
intimidating
process,
but
we
can
help
make
it
a
much
easier,
faster,
and
less
stressful
experience.
We
want
to
help
you
sell
your
house
as
quickly
as
possible.
Our
nationwide
network
of
knowledgeable
real
estate
specialists
are
available
to
discuss
in
detail
all
available
options,
from
quick
cash
closings
to
a
more
traditional
listing
arrangements.
We
understand
that
every
situation
is
unique;
therefore
we
do
not
provide
a
one-size-fits-all
solution.
We
want
to
work
with
you,
understand
your
needs,
and
help.
you
find
the
best
solution
for
your
specific
circumstances.
The
best
part
is
that
our
services
are
absolutely
Free
to
you,
the
home
owner.
We
want
to
help
you
sell
your
house
fast,
and
we
want
to
help
you
today.
There
is
No
Obligation,
No
Risk,
and
No
Cost
for
our
services!
76.
Who
are
supposed
to
be
interested
in
this
advertisement?
A.
Those
who
want
to
buy
a
new
house.
B.
Those
who
need
to
rent
an
apartment.
C.
Those
who
have
extra
houses
for
sale.
D.
Those
who
want
to
have
free
houses.
77.
Which
is
the
probable
explanation
for
the
underlined
word
"relocated"?
A.
Borrowing
money,
from
banks.
B.
Moving
to
a
new
place.
C.
Promoted.
D.
Tired.
78.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
advertisement?
A.
It
usually
takes
two
weeks
to
sell
a
house.
B.
They
can
sell
all
kinds
of
houses
everywhere
in
the
world.
C.
They
have
free
consultants
to
answer
your
questions.
D.
They
can
buy
you
a
new
house
within
24
hours.
B
Open
data-sharers
are
still
in
the
minority
in
many
fields.
Although
many
researchers
broadly
agree
that
public
access
to
raw
data
would
accelerate
science,
because
other
scientists
might
be
able
to
make
advances
not
foreseen
by
the
data's
producers,
most
are
reluctant
to
post
the
results
of
their
own
labours
online
(see
Nature
461,
160-163;
2009).
When
Wolkovich,
for
instance,
went
hunting
for
the
data
from
the
50
studies
in
her
meta-analysis,
only
8
data
sets
were
available
online,
and
many
of
the
researchers
whom
she
e-mailed
refused
to
share
their
work.
Forced
to
extract
data
from
tables
or
figures
in
publications,
Wolkovich's
team
could
conduct
only
limited
analyses
Some
communities
have
agreed
to
share
online
-
geneticists,
for
example,
post
DNA
sequences
at
the
GenBank
repository,
and
astronomers
are
accustomed
to
accessing
images
of
galaxies
and
stars
from,
say,
the
Sloan
Digital
Sky
Survey,
a
telescope
that
has
observed
some
500
million
objects
-
but
these
remain
the
exception,
not
the
rule.
Historically,
scientists
have
objected
to
sharing
for
many
reasons:
it
is
a
lot
of
work;
until
recently,
good
databases
did
not
exist;
grant
funders
were
not
pushing
for
sharing;
it
has
been
difficult
to
agree
on
standards
for
formatting
data
and
the
contextual
information
called
metadata;
and
there
is
no
agreed
way
to
assign
credit
for
data.
But
the
barriers
are
disappearing
in
part
because
journals
and
funding
agencies
worldwide
are
encouraging
scientists
to
make
their
data
public.
Last
year,
the
Royal
Society
in
London
said
in
its
report
Science
as
an
Open
Enterprise
that
scientists
need
to
shift
away
from
a
research
culture
where
data
is
viewed
as
private
preserve.
Funding
agencies
note
that
data
paid
for
with
public
money
should
be
public
information,
and
the
scientific
community
is
recognizing
that
data
can
now
be
shared
digitally
in
ways
that
were
not
possible
before.
To
match
the
growing
demand,
services
are
springing
up
to
make
it
easier
to
publish
research
products
online
and
enable
other
researchers
to
discover
and
cite
them.
Although
exhortations
to
share
data
often
concentrate
on
the
moral
advantages
of
sharing,
the
practice
is
not
purely
altruistic.
Researchers
who
share
get
plenty
of
personal
benefits,
including
more
connections
with
colleagues,
improved
visibility
and
increased
citations.
The
most
successful
sharers
-
those
whose
data
are
downloaded
and
cited
the
most
often
-
get
noticed,
and
their
work
gets
used.
For
example,
one
of
the
most
popular
data
sets
on
multidisciplinary
repository
Dryad
is
about
wood
density
around
the
world;
it
has
been
downloaded
5,700
times.
Co-author
Amy
Zanne,
a
biologist
at
George
Washington
University
in
Washington
DC,
thinks
that
users
probably
range
from
climate-change
researchers
wanting
to
estimate
how
much
carbon
is
stored
in
biomass,
to
foresters
looking
for
information
on
different
grades
of'
timber.
"I
would
much
prefer
to
have
my
data
used
by
the
maximum
number
of
people
to
ask
their
own
questions,"
she
says
"It's
important
to
allow
readers
and
reviewers
to
see
exactly
how
you
arrive
at
your
results.
Publishing
data
and
code
allows
your
science
to
be
reproducible
".
79.
What
do
many
researchers
generally
accept?
A.
It
is
imperative
to
protest
scientist'
patents
B.
Repositories
are
essential
to
scientific
research
C.
Open
data
sharing
is
most
important
to
medical
science
D.
Open
data
sharing
is
conducive
to
scientific
advancement
80.
What
is
the
attitude
of
most
researchers
towards
making
their
own
data
public?
A.
Opposed
B.
Ambiguous
C.
Liberal
D.
Neutral
81.
According
to
the
passage,
what
might
hinder
open
data
sharing？
A.
The
fear
of
massive
copying
B.
The
lack
of
a
research
culture
C.
The
belief
that
research
is
private
intellectual
property
D.
The
concern
that
certain
agencies
may
make
a
profit
out
of
it
82.
Dryad
serves
as
an
example
to
show
how
open
data
sharing
___
A.
is
becoming
increasingly
popular
B.
benefits
sharers
and
users
alike
C.
makes
researchers
successful
D.
saves
both
money
and
labor
C
Economically
speaking,
are
we
better
off
than
we
were
ten
years
ago?
Twenty
years
ago?
In
their
thirst
for
evidence
on
this
issue,
commentators
seized
on
the
recent
report
by
the
Census
Bureau,
which
found
that
average
household
income
rose
by
5.2%
in
2015.
Unfortunately,
that
conclusion
puts
too
much
weight
on
a
useful,
but
flawed
and
incomplete,
statistic.
Among
the
more
significant
problems
with
the
Census's
measure
are
that:
1)
it
excludes
taxes,
transfers,
and
compensation
like
employer-provided
health
insurance;
and
2)
it
is
based
on
surveys
rather
than
data.
Even
if
precisely
measured,
income
data
exclude
important
determinants
of
economic
wellbeing,
such
as
the
hours
of
work
needed
to
earn
that
income.
While
thinking
about
the
question,
we
came
across
a
recently
published
article
by
Charles
Jones
and
Peter
Klenow,
which
proposes
an
interesting
new
measure
of
economic
welfare.
While
by
no
means
perfect,
it
is
considerably
more
comprehensive
than
average
income,
taking
into
account
not
only
growth
in
consumption
per
person
but
also
changes
in
working
time,
life
expectancy,
and
inequality.
Moreover,
it
can
be
used
to
assess
economic
performance
both
across
countries
and
over
time.
The
Jones-Klenow
method
can
be
illustrated
by
a
cross-country
example.
Suppose
we
want
to
compare
the
economic
welfare
of
citizens
of
the
U.S.
and
France
in
2005.
In
2005,
as
the
authors
observe:
real
consumption
per
person
in
France
was
only
60%
as
high
as
the
U.S.,
making
it
appear
that
Americans
were
economically
much
better
off
than
the
French
on
average.
However,
that
comparison
omits
other
relevant
factors:
leisure
time,
life
expectancy,
and
economic
inequality.
The
French
take
longer
vacations
and
retire
earlier,
so
typically
work
fewer
hours;
they
enjoy
a
higher
life
expectancy,
presumably
reflecting
advantages
with
respect
to
health
care,
diet,
lifestyle,
and
the
like;
and
income
and
consumption
are
somewhat
more
equally
distributed
there
than
in
the
U.S.
Because
of
these
differences,
comparing
France's
consumption
with
the
U.S.'s
overstates
the
gap
in
economic
welfare.
Similar
calculations
can
be
used
to
compare
the
U.S.
and
other
countries.
For
example,
this
calculation
puts
economic
welfare
in
the
United
Kingdom
at
97
%
of
U.S.
levels,
but
estimates
Mexican
well-being
at
22%.
The
Jones-Klenow
measure
can
also
assess
an
economy's
performance
over
time.
According
to
this
measure,
as
of
the
early-to-mid-2000s,
the
U.S.
had
the
highest
economic
welfare
of
any
large
country.
Since
2007,
economic
welfare
in
the
U.S.
has
continued
to
improve.
However,
the
pace
of
improvement
has
slowed
markedly.
Methodologically,
the
lesson
from
the
Jones-Klenow
research
is
that
economic
welfare
is
multi-dimensional.
Their
approach
is
flexible
enough
that
in
principle
other
important
quality-of-life
changes
could
be
incorporated—for
example,
decreases
in
total
emissions
of
pollutants
and
declines
in
crime
rates.
83.
What
does
the
author
say
about
the
Jones-Klenow
method?
A.
It
is
widely
used
to
compare
the
economic
growth
across
countries.
B.
It
revolutionizes
the
way
of
measuring
ordinary
people's
livelihood.
C.
It
focuses
on
people's
consumption
rather
than
their
average
income.
D.
It
is
a
more
comprehensive
measure
of
people's
economic
well-being.
84.
What
do
Jones
and
Klenow
think
of
the
comparison
between
France
and
the
U.
S.
in
terms
of
real
consumption
per
person?
A.
It
reflected
the
existing
big
gap
between
the
two
economies.
B.
It
neglected
many
important
indicators
of
people's
welfare.
C.
It
covered
up
the
differences
between
individual
citizens.
D.
It
failed
to
count
in
their
difference
in
natural
resources.
85.
What
is
an
advantage
of
the
Jones-Klenow
method?
A.
It
can
accurately
pinpoint
a
country's
current
economic
problems.
B.
It
can
help
to
raise
people's
awareness
of
their
economic
well-being.
C.
It
can
diagnose
the
causes
of
a
country's
slowing
pace
of
economic
improvement.
D.
It
can
compare
a
country's
economic
conditions
between
different
periods
of
time.
86.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
passage
about
American
people's
economic
well-being?
A.
It
is
much
better
than
that
of
their
European
counterparts.
B.
It
has
been
on
the
decline
ever
since
the
turn
of
the
century.
C.
It
has
not
improved
as
much
as
reported
by
the
Census
Bureau.
D.
It
has
not
been
accurately
assessed
and
reported
since
mid-2000s.
Section
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
Protecting
our
delicate
environment
seems
to
be
on
the
agenda
of
politicians,
government
leaders,
and
citizens
in
many
parts
of
the
world
to
show
support
for
mother-nature.
The
concept
of
green
consumerism
has
gained
momentum
more
and
more
over
the
last
decade,
and
the
public
feels
moved
to
pitch
in
and
help.
_____87_____.
Let's
use
paper
as
an
example.
The
first
step
is
to
raise
public
awareness
about
the
recycling
process,
to
explain
the
kinds
of
materials
that
can
be
recycled,
and
provide
ways
on
how
to
properly
dispose
of
them.
Local
governments
should
educate
the
public
on
how
to
properly
sort
reusable
materials
from
those,
like
waxed
paper,
carbon
paper,
plastic
material
such
as
fast
food
wrappers,
that
can't
be
recycled
very
easily.
_____88_____.
Second,
technological
progress
has
been
made
on
many
fronts,
but
governmental
agencies
need
to
step
up
technological
support
for
companies
involved
in
recycling
to
upgrade
equipment
and
to
encourage
further
research.
One
breakthrough
has
been
the
development
of
a
new
manufacturing
process
that
uses
enzymes
to
help
remove
ink
from
paper
in
more
energy
efficient
and
environmentally
safe
methods.
_____89_____.
The
difficulty
in
removing
print
from
paper,
the
amount
of
energy
expended
during
the
process,
and
caustic
waste
that
is
sometimes
produced
are
costs
that
companies
incur
that
are
then
passed
on
to
the
consumer.
The
final
key
is
to
increase
demand
for
the
growing
surplus
of
resources
waiting
to
be
recycled.
This
problem
has
appeared
in
various
regions
of
the
world
where
the
technology
to
process
the
used
materials
lags
far
behind
the
amount
being
collected
for
recycling.
_____90_____
;
yet
the
great
stumbling
block
to
implementing
the
second
stage
of
this
plan
could
be
impeded
by
the
corporate
sector's
inability
to
find
commercial
enterprises
interested
in
using
recycled
goods
especially
when
the
cost
exceeds
those
of
virgin
materials.
A.
Recycling
paper
materials
can
be
expensive
in
both
monetary
and
environmental
terms.
B.
However
tough
the
challenge
may
be
supports
of
paper
recycling
never
step
back.
C.
Give
the
public
information
they
can
grasp,
and
then
you
will
increase
your
chances
of
gaining
followers.
D.
There
may
be
a
great
outpouring
of
support.
E.
So
we
are
actually
in
a
time
when
green
has
been
a
trend.
F.
However,
certain
essential
keys
are
needed
to
power
this
movement.
IV.
Summary
Writing
91.
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Much
time
and
effort
has
been
devoted
to
researching
the
mental
health
benefits
of
flexible
work
environments,
but
can
the
ability
to
leave
work
early
to
watch
your
son’s
soccer
game,
or
arrive
at
the
office
a
bit
later
in
the
morning
in
order
to
see
to
some
personal
matters,
have
physical
health
benefits
besides
making
you
feel
a
bit
relaxed?
According
to
new
research
published
in
the
Cochrane
Library
Database
of
Systematic
Reviews,
it
seems
so.
In
a
review
of
10
previous
studies
examining
the
health
effects
of
unfixed
work
conditions
for
more
than
16,000
people,
researchers
from
the
U.K..
Durham
University
and
University
of
Newcastle,
as
well
as
the
University
of
Montreal,
found
that
flexible
work
schedules,
for
instance,
when
employees
can
shift
their
starting
times,
were
associated
with
improvements
in
a
person’s
overall
health.
In
addition,
perhaps,
unsurprisingly,
in
all
of
the
studies
included
in
the
review,
researchers
found
no
evidence
for
negative
effects
of
more
flexible
work
schedules.
This
initial
analysis
was
intended
to
throw
light
on
the
potential
health
benefits
of
flexible
work
options,
which
are
increasingly
popular
throughout
Scandinavia,
and
have
recently
gained
some
ground
in
the
U.K.
For
example,
last
April,
the
British
government
implemented
a
policy
that
allowed
parents
of
children
aged
six
and
under
to
request
flexible
work
arrangements
to
include
parents
of
children
aged
16
and
younger.
In
the
U.S.,
the
phenomenon
is
a
bit
slower
to
catch
on.
Yet,
the
economic
slowdown
of
recent
years
may
have
contributed
to
growth
in
workplace
flexibility—as
companies
unable
to
reward
employees
with
bonuses
or
raises
may
turn
to
other
forms
of
compensation,
Reuters
reported
early
last
year.
Original
analysis
too,
of
course,
indicated
the
benefits
of
flexible
work
environments
toward
positive
mental
health
outcomes.
And
while
these
latest
findings
are
promising,
the
researchers
stress
that
more
study
is
vital
to
understanding
the
detailed
relationship
between
flexible
work
and
improved
health
outcomes.
To
truly
grasp
the
benefits
of
flexible
working
conditions,
the
researchers
say,
additional
study
analyzing
health
outcomes
among
a
wide
range
of
workers—from
high-ranking
executives
to
hourly
employees
–
is
critical,
which
helps
to
gain
a
deeper
understanding
of
the
issue,
and
to
shape
future
workplace
policy.
V.
Translation
(3+4+4+4+5)
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
92.
在工程学等学科上你犯的错误越少，就越可能有资格做建筑师。（likely;qualify）(汉译英)
93.
无论你是打算自主创业还是拓展业务，都应该关心员工、设备等成本问题。（concern，range）(汉译英)
94.
委员会后知后觉，才意识到没啥比导致濒危物种灭绝更值得反思了（before）(汉译英)
95.
有别于那些整个职业生涯默默无闻的运动员，在20世纪80年代马拉多纳（Maradona）第一次为他的祖国捧回世界杯（the
World
Cup）冠军的时候，他就确立了自己传奇球星的地位。
(establish;
remain)
(汉译英)
96.
电子烟一上市,那些忧心忡忡的评论家就警告说因为人们没法抵挡要去抽烟的冲动，因此电子烟绝不可能替代香烟。（Hardly...;
alternative）(汉译英)
