Module
4
Great
Scientists
【导读】 《鲁滨逊漂流记》是由丹尼尔·狄福于59岁时所著的第一部小说。首次出版于1719年4月25日。这本小说被认为是第一本用英文以日记形式写成的小说，享有英国第一部现实主义长篇小说的头衔。
【文化节选】
CHAPTER
5
Learning
to
live
alone
I
still
needed
a
lot
of
things.“Well，”I
said，“I'm
going
to
have
to
make
them.”So，every
day，I
worked.
First
of
all，I
wanted
to
make
my
cave
bigger.I
carried
out
stone
from
the
cave，and
after
many
days'
hard
work
I
had
a
large
cave
in
the
side
of
the
hill.Then
I
needed
a
table
and
a
chair，and
that
was
my
next
job.I
had
to
work
on
them
for
a
long
time.I
also
wanted
to
make
places
to
put
all
my
food，and
all
my
tools
and
guns.But
every
time
I
wanted
a
piece
of
wood，I
had
to
cut
down
a
tree.It
was
long，slow，difficult
work，and
during
the
next
months
I
learnt
to
be
very
clever
with
my
tools.There
was
no
hurry.I
had
all
the
time
in
the
world.
I
also
went
out
every
day，and
I
always
had
my
gun
with
me.Sometimes
I
killed
a
wild
animal，and
then
I
had
meat
to
eat.
But
when
it
got
dark，I
had
to
go
to
bed
because
I
had
no
light.I
couldn't
read
or
write
because
I
couldn't
see.For
a
long
time，I
didn't
know
what
to
do.But
in
the
end，I
learnt
how
to
use
the
fat
of
dead
animals
to
make
a
light.
The
weather
on
my
island
was
usually
very
hot，and
there
were
often
storms
and
heavy
rain.The
next
June，it
rained
all
the
time，and
I
couldn't
go
out
very
often.I
was
also
ill
for
some
weeks，but
slowly，I
got
better.When
I
was
stronger，I
began
to
go
out
again.The
first
time
I
killed
a
wild
animal，and
the
second
time
I
caught
a
big
turtle.
I
was
on
the
island
for
ten
months
before
I
visited
other
parts
of
it.During
those
months
I
worked
hard
on
my
cave
and
my
house
and
my
fence.Now
I
was
ready
to
find
out
more
about
the
rest
of
the
island.
First，I
walked
along
the
side
of
a
little
river.There，I
found
open
ground
without
trees.Later，I
came
to
more
trees
with
many
different
fruits.I
decided
to
take
a
lot
of
the
fruit，and
to
put
it
to
dry
in
the
sun
for
a
time.Then
I
could
keep
it
for
many
months.
That
night
I
went
to
sleep
in
a
tree
for
the
second
time，and
the
next
day
I
went
on
with
my
journey.Soon
I
came
to
an
opening
in
the
hills.In
front
of
me，everything
was
green，and
there
were
flowers
everywhere.There
were
also
a
lot
of
different
birds
and
animals.I
saw
that
my
house
was
on
the
worst
side
of
the
island.But
I
didn't
want
to
move
from
there.It
was
my
home
now.I
stayed
away
for
three
days，and
then
I
came
home.But
I
often
went
back
to
the
other，greener
side
of
the
island.
And
so
my
life
went
on.Every
month
I
learnt
to
do
or
to
make
something
new.But
I
had
troubles
and
accidents
too.Once
there
was
a
terrible
storm
with
very
heavy
rain.The
roof
of
my
cave
fell
in，and
nearly
killed
me！I
had
to
build
it
up
again
with
many
pieces
of
wood.
第五章 学会独自生活
我仍需要很多东西。“好吧，”我说，“我只能去做出来。”于是，每天，我都工作着。
首先，我把我的山洞扩大。我从洞里运出石头，经过许多天的艰苦劳动我在小山的一侧有了个大的山洞。然后，我需要一张桌子和一把椅子，这便是我接下来的工作。为此，我不得不长时间地干。我还想要找些地方存放我的食物，以及我全部的工具和枪支。每一次我需要一块木板时都不得不砍倒一棵树。这是一项漫长而艰难的工作，在随后的几个月里我学会熟练地使用工具了。无须焦急。我拥有世界上的全部时间。
我依然每天出去，而且总是随身带枪。有时我杀死一只野兽，然后，就可以有肉吃了。
但每到天黑，因为没有灯，我就只好睡觉。由于看不见我不能读书也没法写字，好长一段时间我不知道该怎么做。但最终我学会了如何使用死兽的脂肪来点灯。
岛上的天气通常很热，经常有暴风雨。第二年的六月一直在下雨，我不能够经常出去。我也病了几个星期，但慢慢地我好转了。当我强壮起来时，我又开始外出。第一次我杀了一只野兽，第二次我捕获了一只大海龟。
当我去参观岛的其他地方时，我在岛上已有10个月了，在这期间，我为我的洞穴、我的房子、我的篱笆忙活，现在我可以进一步了解该岛其他地方的情况了。
首先，我沿着一条小河岸前行。那儿，我发现一片没有树木的开阔地。随后，我到达了一片结着各种水果的树林。我决定多摘些果子把它们在太阳下放一阵晒干。然后就可以保存很多个月了。
那个晚上，我第二次睡在了树上，第二天便又继续我的旅行。不久，我到了这个小山的开阔地。在我面前，一片郁郁葱葱，鲜花遍野。还有很多各种各样的鸟类和动物。我明白我的房子是在这个岛的最糟的一侧。但我并不打算从那儿迁移，那是我的家。我在外待了三天，然后回了家。但我经常回到这岛的另外的绿色的一边。
我的生活继续着。每个月我学会干点或制造点新的东西。但也总有麻烦和灾祸。一次一场夹着大雨的风暴来临，我的山洞的顶层塌了下来，差点就要了我的命！我不得不用很多木材把它重新建好。
[知识积累]
1.make
places
腾出地方
2．cut
down
砍倒
3．turtle
n．
海龟
4．But
every
time
I
wanted
a
piece
of
wood，I
had
to
cut
down
a
tree.
[分析] every
time在此用作连词，引导时间状语从句。I
had
to
cut
down
a
tree为主句。
[文化链接]
丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel
Defoe
1660—1731)，英国作家，新闻记者。英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“小说之父”。其作品主要以个人通过努力，靠自己的智慧和勇敢战胜困难为构架，采用自述方式，情节曲折，可读性强，并表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
人物传记
人物传记是记载人物生平事迹的一种文体。主要是写名人或伟人的生平以及事迹。因此，写人物传记时，要抓住其出生年月、主要事迹、人们的评论等进行叙述，一般按时间顺序来写。
基本结构
1．开头
(1)直接开头法：这是最常见的一种开头方法。一般从人物的出生开始，按照时间先后顺序安排人物的典型事迹。
(2)倒叙开头法：这种方法常用于介绍在世的人物，通常截取最近发生在人物身上的一个典型的镜头进行切入，接着提及人物的过去。
(3)重要事件开头法：先点出人物生平最重要的事迹，或者他身上最显著的特点。接着展开介绍人物；可以继续按照从重要到次要排列介绍人物的其他事迹，也可以接着用第一种方法，即按照时间顺序继续展开。
2．正文
(1)直叙法：按照人物生卒年月的顺序，依次列举人物较有代表性的事迹。
(2)倒叙法：采用由近到远的时间顺序，叙述人物的生平。
(3)事迹法：按照事件对人物重要性的大小依次叙述。
3．结尾
(1)直接结束法：以人物的卒年或者距离现在最近的一个事件直接结束文章。
(2)评论结束法：根据上文叙述，加入作者对人物的看法和评价。
(3)引用：引用其他人对该人物的评价来结束文章。
1．As
for
my
favorite
figure
in
Chinese
history，it
must
be
Wei
Yuan，a
great
thinker
in
late
Qing
Dynasty.
关于我最喜欢的一位中国历史人物，一定是魏源，晚清时期一位伟大的思想家。
2．I
would
really
like
to
interview
Yang
Liwei
because
he
is
not
only
the
first
Chinese
to
go
to
space
but
also
one
of
the
greatest
astronauts
in
the
world.
我十分愿意采访杨利伟，因为他不仅仅是第一个到太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
3．It
is
even
more
difficult
for
a
woman
to
win
the
Nobel
Prize
twice
in
life.
一位女性一生荣获两次诺贝尔奖更加困难。
4．Madame
Curie
devoted
her
whole
life
to
the
study
of
science.居里夫人一生致力于科学研究。
5．As
a
boy，it
was
once
thought
that
he
was
not
worth
educating.
小时候他被认为不值得受教育。
6．However，educated
by
his
mother，he
took
an
interest
in
reading.
然而，由于母亲的教育，他对读书产生了浓厚的兴趣。
请根据下表的内容提示，以Thomas
Edison为题写一篇著名科学家爱迪生的生平介绍。词数100左右。
姓名
托马斯·爱迪生
简介
美国历史上主要的科学家和发明家之一。1．出生于1847年2月11日，并在美国长大。2．小时候被认为不值得受教育，因此只受过三个月的学校教育，可是，在妈妈的教育下，他对读书产生了兴趣。3．10岁时，有了自己的实验室；12岁时，通过在火车上卖报纸谋生。4．在他的一生中，他有很多发明，为世人做出了巨大贡献。5．1931年10月18日去世，全美国熄灯一分钟以示哀悼。
体裁
记叙文
时态
一般过去时
主题
爱迪生传记
人称
第三人称
结构
第一段：简要介绍爱迪生的出生、成长及贡献；
第二段：具体介绍爱迪生的成长经历及对社会的贡献。
第三段：介绍爱迪生的去世以及在人们心中的地位。
Ⅰ.对接模块词汇
1．leading
adj.
主要的
2．educate
vt.
教育
3．education
n.
教育
4．quantity
n.
数量
5．figure
n.
人物
6．bring
up
培养；养育
7．as
a
result
结果
8．earn
one's
living
谋生
Ⅱ.巧用模块句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．爱迪生出生于1847年2月11日，并在美国长大。
Thomas
Edison
was
born
on
February
11th,
1847
and
he
was
brought
up
in
the
United
States.
2．他被认为是美国历史上主要的科学家和发明家。
He
is
considered
as/to
be
one
of
the
leading
scientists
and
inventors
in
American
history.
3．可是，在妈妈的教育下，他对读书产生了兴趣。
However,
educated
by
his
mother,
he
took
an
interest
in
reading.
4．在12岁时，他通过在火车上卖报纸谋生。
And
at
12,
he
earned
his
living
by
selling
newspapers
on
trains.
5．在他的一生中，他有很多发明，为世人做出了巨大贡献。
In
all
his
life,
he
had
a
quantity
of
inventions,
and
made
great
contributions
to
the
world.
(二)句式升级
6．用形容词短语作定语改写1句
Thomas
Edison,
born
on
February
11th,
1847,
was
brought
up
in
the
United
States.
7．用现在分词短语作状语改写5句
In
all
his
life,
he
had
a
quantity
of
inventions,
making
great
contributions
to
the
world.
【参考范文】
Thomas
Edison
Thomas
Edison,
born
on
February
11th,
1847,
was
brought
up
in
the
United
States.
He
is
considered
as
one
of
the
leading
scientists
and
inventors
in
American
history.
As
a
boy,
he
was
once
thought
not
worth
educating.
As
a
result,
he
got
only
three
months'
education
in
school.
However,
educated
by
his
mother,
he
took
an
interest
in
reading.
At
the
age
of
ten,
he
had
his
own
laboratory.
And
at
12,
he
earned
his
living
by
selling
newspapers
on
trains.
In
all
his
life,
he
had
a
quantity
of
inventions,
making
great
contributions
to
the
world.
Thomas
Edison
died
on
October
18th,
1931.
In
honor
of
the
important
figure,
electric
lights
in
the
United
States
were
out
for
one
minute.
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
复习被动语态和by＋v.?ing形式
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①Rice
is
also
grown
in
many
other
Asian
countries.②Researchers
were
brought
in
from
all
over
China
to
develop
the
new
system.③The
research
was
supported
by
the
government.④In
Pakistan
rice
will
be
grown
in
many
parts
of
the
country.⑤The
new
hybrid
rice
has
been
developed
by
the
Yuan
Longping
High?tech
Agricultural
Company
of
China.⑥The
shop
closes
at
6：00
pm
every
day.⑦The
apple
tastes
good.⑧The
new
product
by
the
company
sells
well.⑨Open
the
door
by
winding
the
handle.⑩People
usually
greet
each
other
by
shaking
hands.
1.①句采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am/is/are＋done。2.②③句采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：was/were＋done。3.④⑤句分别用了一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。4.⑥⑦⑧句中谓语动词以主动形式表示被动意义。5.⑨⑩句中，by＋v.?ing形式表示通过……方式。
1．各种时态的被动语态的构成
被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are＋done
Before
you
leave
the
lab，make
sure
the
electricity
is
turned
off
and
the
windows
are
shut.
在你离开实验室之前，要确保电源被切断，窗户被关好。
(2)一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/were＋done
The
foreign
guests
were
given
a
warm
welcome
by
the
children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
(3)一般将来时被动语态的构成：shall/will＋be＋done
More
space
explorations
will
be
made
in
the
future
by
the
Chinese
people.
中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。
(4)现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/are＋being＋done
They
are
living
with
their
parents
for
the
moment
because
their
own
house
is
being
rebuilt.
他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。
(5)过去进行时被动语态的构成：was/were＋
being＋done
After
school
we
went
to
the
reading?room
to
do
some
reading，only
to
be
told
that
it
was
being
decorated.放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。
(6)现在完成时被动语态的构成：has/have
been＋done
Li
Hua
has
been
elected
monitor
of
our
class
to
take
the
place
of
Ma
Li.
李华已取代马丽，被选为我班班长。
(7)过去完成时被动语态的构成：had
been＋done
When
we
got
on
the
spot
of
the
accident，we
were
told
that
the
injured
had
been
sent
to
the
nearest
hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。
(8)将来完成时被动语态的构成：will/shall＋have
been＋done
On
her
next
birthday，Ann
will
have
been
married
for
twenty
years.
到下一次过生日的时候，安结婚就要满二十年了。
(9)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋done
The
boy
feels
very
hot
on
the
forehead，so
he
must
be
sent
to
hospital
at
once.
这个男孩的额头摸起来很热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。
[即时训练1] 用所给词的被动语态填空
①More
efforts，as
reported，will
be
made
(make)
in
the
years
ahead
to
accelerate
the
supply?side
structure
reform.
②—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
—Yes，we
were
treated
(treat)
well
by
our
hosts.
③Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks，no
agreement
has
been
reached
(reach)
so
far
by
the
two
sides.
2．使用被动语态时应注意的情况
(1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(take
place，break
out，come
true，belong
to，date
from，happen等)。
A
fire
broke
out
in
his
house
yesterday.
昨天他家着火了。
(2)含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可省略(look
after，look
for，take
care
of，put
off，break
into等)。
The
children
are
taken
good
care
of
in
the
kindergarten.
孩子们在幼儿园里被照顾得很好。
(3)带复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作主语补足语)放在动词之后。
We
always
keep
the
classroom
clean
and
tidy.
→The
classroom
is
always
kept
clean
and
tidy
by
us.我们总是保持教室干净而且整洁。
[名师点津]
see，watch，hear，notice，listen
to，look
at，make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to，但这类动词(watch和notice除外)的主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须加上。
A
girl
saw
my
wallet
drop
when
she
passed
by.
→My
wallet
was
seen
to
drop
by
a
girl
when
she
passed
by.
一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了。
[即时训练2] 完成句子
①这项比赛每四年在不同的国家举行一次。
The
game
takes
place
every
four
years
in
a
different
country.
②我们在实验室做了许多有趣的实验。
Many
interesting
experiments
are
carried
out
in
our
laboratory.
③我们经常听到他弹吉他。
He
is
often
heard
to
play
the
guitar.
3．主动形式表示被动意义的用法
(1)某些连系动词，如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，prove等，可用主动形式表示被动意义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。
That
dog
looks
dangerous.
那只狗看起来很危险。
(2)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词，如：lock，shut，open，move，read，write，sell，wash，clean，catch，draw，cut，drink，eat等常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰，如well，easily等。
The
cloth
washes
well
and
is
comfortable
to
wear.
这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很舒服。
(3)need，require，want，deserve等词，当主语为物时，接动名词的主动形式，表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
flowers
need
watering
or
they
will
die.
＝The
flowers
need
to
be
watered
or
they
will
die.
这些花需要浇水，否则它们会死。
(4)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
The
picture?book
is
well
worth
reading.
这本图画书很值得一读。
(5)在“主语＋be＋形容词(＋for
sb.)＋to
do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，interesting，strange，impossible，comfortable，dangerous等。
This
article
is
difficult
to
read.I
need
someone
to
explain
it
to
me.
这篇文章很难读懂。我需要一个人给我解释一下。
(6)不定式作定语修饰名词，与前面的名词有动宾关系，且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
I
have
a
lot
of
homework
to
do
this
afternoon.
今天下午我有很多的家庭作业要做。
Please
give
me
something
to
eat.
请给我些东西吃。
(7)某些动词不定式如to
blame，to
let等，作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。
The
boy
was
to
blame
for
what
he
had
done.
这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了批评(责备)。
[即时训练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①A
Midsummer
Night's
Dream
opens
(open)
at
the
Theatre
Royal
on
19th
June，and
then
tours
throughout
Scotland.
②As
a
result
of
the
serious
flood，two?thirds
of
the
buildings
in
the
area
need
repairing
(repair)．
③The
stone
is
heavy
for
the
boy
to
lift
(lift)．
4．by＋v.?ing形式
(1)by
＋v.?ing形式，表示以某种方式来达到某种目的
He
passed
the
exam
by
working
hard.
通过努力学习，他通过了考试。
(2)by表示“方式”的其他用法
①by＋交通工具，如：by
car/bus/bike/plane等。
I
go
to
school
by
bike
every
day.
我每天骑自行车去上学。
②by＋the＋具体的时间或度量名词，如by
the
day/hour/year/kilo/metre/dozen
(按打)等。
He
is
paid
by
the
hour.
他按小时得到报酬。
[即时训练4] 用by
doing形式改写下列句子
①You
can
reach
there
if
you
take
a
bus.
→You
can
reach
there
by
taking
a
bus．
②Students
learn
things
when
they
do
exercises
after
school.
→Students
learn
things
by
doing
exercises
after
school．
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
hoped
that
he
would
be
given
(give)
a
more
suitable
job.
2．If
the
agreement
is
reached(reach),
the
war
will
come
to
an
end
soon.
3．Oh,
the
milk
tastes(taste)
strange.
Do
you
think
it's
OK
to
drink?
4．Don't
lose
heart!
The
problem
can
be
prevented
(prevent)
from
getting
worse.
5．What
was
given(give)
to
the
village
school
as
a
present
last
month?
6．Shakespeare's
play
Hamlet
has
been
made
(make)
into
at
least
ten
different
films
over
the
past
years.
7．The
hotel
succeeded
in
attracting
more
guests
by
improving(improve)
the
service.
8．We
are
confident
that
the
environment
will
be
improved
(improve)
by
our
further
efforts
to
reduce
pollution.
9．The
government
announced
that
six
highways
had
been
built
(build)
by
the
end
of
last
year.
10．A
dinner
party
was
being
held
(hold)
in
celebration
of
the
great
achievements
she
had
made
when
I
called
her
yesterday.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．We
encouraged
to
think
for
ourselves,
which
is
quite
different
from
what
I
have
experienced
before.
encouraged前加are
2．The
water
was
felt
cool
when
I
jumped
into
the
pool
for
morning
exercise.
去掉was
3．One
learns
a
language
by
making
mistakes
and
correct
them.
correct→correcting
4．I
have
offered
a
scholarship
at
a
university
in
Australia
for
my
further
education.
offered前加been
5．The
computer
needs
repaired
at
once.
repaired→repairing
6．The
children
are
taught
how
to
operate
the
machine
now.
are后加being
7．Every
day
he
makes
sure
that
fresh
vegetables
and
high
quality
oil
are
using
for
cooking.
using→used
8．Lots
of
studies
have
been
shown
that
global
warming
has
already
become
a
very
serious
problem.
去掉been
9．I
told
that
there
would
be
someone
to
meet
me
at
the
station,
but
there
wasn't
any.
told前加was
10．He
lost
his
ability
to
speak,
so
he
had
to
communicate
with
others
by
used
sign
language.
used→using
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
科学家在我们每一个人的心中都是崇高的。古往今来，无数的科学家用他们的精神激励着我们。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦就是其中一位。
It
seemed
that
Albert
Einstein
had
changed
the
whole
business.In
fact，he
did
not
invent
the
“thought
experiment”，
but
he
raised
it
to
high
art.Imagine
twins，wearing
identical
watches;
one
stays
home，while
the
other
rides
in
a
spaceship
near
the
speed
of
light
...little
wonder
that
from
1919，Einstein
was，and
remains
today，the
world's
most
famous
scientist.
In
his
native
Germany
he
became
a
target
for
hatred
because
he
was
a
Jew，a
liberal，a
humanist，an
internationalist.His
powerful
voice
later
was
widely
heard，especially
after
he
moved
to
the
US.Meanwhile，like
any
famous
people，he
made
bits
of
legend:
that
he
failed
math
in
school
(not
true)．That
he
opened
a
book
and
found
an
uncashed
$1，500
check
he
had
left
as
a
bookmark
(maybe
he
was
absent?minded
about
everyday
affairs)．That
he
was
careless
about
socks，collars，slippers
...that
he
couldn't
even
remember
his
address:
112
Mercer
Street
in
Princeton，where
he
finally
settled
.He
died
there
in
1955.And
after
the
rest
of
Einstein
had
been
cremated，his
brain
remained
for
further
research.
Thanks
to
Einstein，we
said
goodbye
to
a
prior
universe
and
a
previous
God.Einstein's
God
was
not
clockmaker，but
the
embodiment
of
reason
in
nature.This
God
did
not
control
our
actions
or
even
sit
in
judgement
on
them.Physics
is
free，and
we
too
are
free，in
the
Einstein
universe
which
is
where
we
live.
[阅读障碍词]
1．identical
adj.
完全相同的
2．target
n.
目标；指标
3．hatred
n.
仇恨；厌恶
4．liberal
n.
自由主义者
5．settle
v.
定居
6．cremate
v.
火化
7．prior
adj.
优先的
8．embodiment
n.
化身
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Einstein
was
the
world's
most
famous
scientist
in
1919.
( )
2．Einstein
was
born
at
112
Mercer
Street
in
Princeton.
( )
3．We
have
made
up
a
lot
of
stories
about
Einstein.
( )
[答案] 1－3 FFT
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.figure
A．n.突破
( )2.educate
B．n.数量
( )3.original
C．n.产量
( )4.publish
D．n.人物
( )5.breakthrough
E．v.教育
( )6.support
F．v.出版
( )7.production
G．v.支持
( )8.export
H．v.出口
( )9.replace
I．v.取代；以……代替
( )10.quantity
J．adj.原来的；最初的
[答案] 1－5 DEJFA 6－10 GCHIB
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．培养；养育 B．……的关键 C．对……进行实验
D．引进 E．由于……的结果 F．涉及；提到
1．The
key
to
our
success
in
these
areas
was
the
team
and
the
culture.
2．He
never
referred
to
his
sisters
in
his
letters.
3．New
ideas
have
been
brought
in
since
China
was
opened
to
the
outside
world.
4．After
experimenting
with
different
types
of
wheat,
Dr
Lee
decided
to
popularize
the
new
species
in
the
countryside.
5．As
a
result
of
evolution,
it
seems
to
me
that
humans
should
have
no
more
value
than
any
other
creature.
6．The
woman
brought
up
five
children.
[答案] 1－6 BFDCEA
The
Student
Who
Asked
Questions
In
a
hungry
world
rice
is
a
staple(主要的)
food
and
China
is
the
world's
largest
producer(生产者).
Rice
is
also
grown
in
many
other
Asian
countries,
and
in
some
European
countries
like
Italy.
In
the
rice?growing
world,
the
Chinese
scientist,
Yuan
Longping,
is
a
leading(主要的)
figure.
Yuan
Longping
was
born
and
brought
up
in
China.
As
a
boy
he
was
educated
in
many
schools
and
was
given
the
nickname(绰号),
“the
student
who
asks
questions”①.
问问题的学生
在全球粮食短缺的情况下，稻米是主要粮食，而中国是世界上最大的稻米产地。亚洲其他许多国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利等也种植水稻。在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
袁隆平在中国出生并长大。小时候，他在很多学校接受教育，并且得到绰号“问问题的学生”。
[助读讲解] ①the
student
who
asks
questions是the
nickname的同位语，其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词the
student。
From
an
early
age
he
was
interested
in
plants.
He
studied
agriculture(农学)
in
college
and
as
a
young
teacher
he
began
experiments
in
crop
breeding(培育).
He
thought
that
the
key
to
feeding
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly.②
He
thought
there
was
only
one
way
to
do
this
—
by
crossing
different
species(动物或植物的种)
of
rice
plant,
and
then
he
could
produce
a
new
plant
which
could
give
a
higher
yield(产量)
than
either
of
the
original
plants③.
袁隆平从小就对植物感兴趣。他在大学里研究农学，作为一名年轻的教师，他开始了作物育种方面的实验。他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻，然后他可以培育出一种新的水稻，这种水稻可以比原先的任何一种产量更高。
[助读讲解] ②thought后that引导宾语从句，从句中was后为两个并列的不定式短语作表语。
③which
could
give...为which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，不能省略。
First
Yuan
Longping
experimented
with
different
types
of
rice.
The
results
of
his
experiments
were
published
in
China
in
1966.
Then
he
began
his
search
for
a
special
type
of
rice
plant.
It
had
to
be
male.
It
had
to
be
sterile(不孕育的).
Finally,
in
1970
a
naturally
sterile
male
rice
plant
was
discovered.
This
was
the
breakthrough.
Researchers
were
brought
in
from
all
over
China
to
develop
the
new
system④.
The
research
was
supported
by
the
government.
首先，袁隆平对不同品种的水稻进行实验。1966年，他的实验结果在中国发表了。接着，他开始寻找一种特殊的水稻。这种水稻必须是雄性且不结果的。终于在1970年，一株天然的雄性不育稻被发现。这是一个突破。中国各地的研究者们被召集在一起开发新的水稻品种。这项研究得到了政府的支持。
[助读讲解] ④to
develop
the
new
system为不定式短语作目的状语。
As
a
result
of
Yuan
Longping's
discoveries
Chinese
rice
production
rose
by
47.5
percent
in
the
1990's.
There
were
other
advantages
too.
50
thousand
square
kilometres
of
rice
fields
were
converted(改变；转换)
to
growing
vegetables
and
other
cash
crops.
Following
this⑤，
Yuan
Longping's
rice
was
exported
to
other
countries,
such
as
Pakistan
and
the
Philippines.
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。这一发现还带来了其他的好处。5万平方千米的稻田被改种蔬菜和其他经济作物。在这之后，袁隆平研制的水稻还出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等其他国家。
[助读讲解] ⑤Following
this为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
In
Pakistan
rice
is
the
second
most
important
crop
after
wheat
and
will
be
grown
in
many
parts
of
the
country.
The
new
hybrid(杂交种)
rice
has
been
developed
by
the
Yuan
Longping
High?tech
Agricultural
Company
of
China.
Its
yield
is
much
greater
than
the
yield
of
other
types
of
rice
grown
in
Pakistan⑥.
在巴基斯坦，水稻是继小麦之后第二重要的作物并将在这个国家的许多地方种植。中国袁隆平高科技农业公司已培育出新的杂交水稻。它的产量比巴基斯坦种植的其他类型的水稻要高很多。
[助读讲解] ⑥grown
in
Pakistan为过去分词短语作定语修饰other
types
of
rice。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P32教材课文，匹配段落大意
( )1.Para.1
A．The
advantages
and
positive
effects
of
Yuan
Longping's
discoveries.
( )2.Para.2
B．How
Yuan
Longping
succeeded
in
producing
a
new
plant
giving
a
higher
yield.
( )3.Paras.3－4
C．As
a
boy，Yuan
Longping
liked
asking
questions
when
he
was
at
school.
( )4.Paras.5－6
D．Yuan
Longping
is
a
leading
figure
in
the
rice?growing
world.
[答案] 1—4 DCBA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P32教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Yuan
Longping
．
A．is
a
leading
scientist
in
industry
B．was
born
and
brought
up
in
China
C．was
educated
in
a
famous
school
for
many
years
D．was
given
a
nickname
because
he
was
very
naughty
2．Why
was
Yuan
given
the
nickname
“the
student
who
asks
questions”？
A．Because
he
was
stupid.
B．Because
he
did
not
learn
well
in
the
class.
C．Because
he
was
curious
about
the
lessons
and
wanted
to
learn
more.
D．Because
he
learned
more
questions.
3．The
only
way
that
Yuan
Longping
thought
to
produce
more
rice
quickly
was
．
A．to
be
interested
in
plants
B．to
study
agriculture
in
college
C．to
begin
experiments
in
crop
breeding
D．to
cross
different
species
of
rice
plant
4．As
a
result
of
Yuan
Longping's
discoveries，
．
A．Chinese
rice
production
doubled
B．more
cash
crops
and
more
vegetables
are
planted
C．few
foreign
countries
like
to
plant
the
rice
any
more
D．rice
becomes
the
most
important
crop
in
Pakistan
[答案] 1—4 BCDB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P32教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The
Chinese
scientist，Yuan
Longping，is
a
1.leading
(lead)
figure
in
the
rice?growing
world.He
was
born
and
brought
2.up
in
China.As
a
boy
he
3.was
educated
(educate)
in
many
schools.He
studied
agriculture
in
college.After
4.graduating(graduate)
from
Southwest
Agriculture
College，he
has
devoted
5.himself(he)
to
agriculture
education
and
research
ever
since.He
thought
that
the
key
to
6.feeding
(feed)
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
7.more(much)
quickly.
After
many
years'
hard
work，he
produced
8.a
new
plant
by
crossing
different
species
of
rice
plant，9.which
could
give
a
higher
yield
than
either
of
the
original
plants.This
breakthrough
in
rice
breeding
has
made
great
10.contributions
(contribution)
to
the
world.
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Your
work
has
improved
in
quantity(数量)
and
quality(质量)
this
term.
2．Local
people
have
given
us
a
lot
of
support(支持)
in
our
campaign.
3．You
should
educate(教育)
your
children
to
mind
their
manners.
4．Scientific
farming
is
the
key
to
the
further
development
of
agriculture(农业)．
5．His
original(原来的)
idea
was
to
build
a
house
in
the
country,
but
at
last
he
bought
a
flat
in
the
town.
6．His
second
novel
was
published
in
July
last
year.
7．He
was
one
of
the
greatest
figures
in
history.
8．India
exported
tea
and
cotton
to
many
different
countries.
9．I'm
short
of
money,
and
can't
afford
a
new
car
to
replace
my
old
one.
10．To
their
delight,
they
have
made
a
great
breakthrough
in
their
scientific
research.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．produce
v.
生产→producer
n.
生产者→production
n.
产量
2．lead
v.
带领；通往→leader
n.
领袖→leading
adj.
主要的
3．educate
vt.
教育→education
n.
教育→educator
n.
教育工作者
4．agriculture
n.
农业→agricultural
adj.
农业的
5．origin
n.
起源→original
adj.
原来的；最初的→originally
adv.
最初；原先
?al结尾的形容词
v.?ing结尾的形容词
original
adj.原来的；最初的agricultural
adj.农业的central
adj.中央的；中心的
leading
adj.主要的challenging
adj.困难的；有挑战性的promising
adj.有希望的；有前途的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．bring
up
培养；养育
2．make
a
breakthrough
取得突破
3．be
interested
in
对……感兴趣
4．the
key
to
……的关键
5．experiment
with
对……进行实验
6．bring
in
引进
7．as
a
result
of
由于……的结果
8．rise
by
上升了
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Born
into
a
family
with
three
brothers,
David
was
brought
up
to
value
the
sense
of
sharing.
2．The
driver
of
the
car
probably
holds
the
key
to
solving
the
crime.
3．They
kept
experimenting
with
new
methods.
4．Mary
is
a
good
student，but
she
failed
in
the
final
exam
as
a
result
of
her
illness.
5．Unfortunately，fewer
and
fewer
people
are
interestedin
reading.
“make
a＋n.”短语一览
“v.＋up”短语集锦
make
a
breakthrough
取得突破make
a
face
做鬼脸make
a
difference
有影响；有重要作用make
a
fortune
发大财
bring
up
培养；养育make
up组成；编造break
up
打碎；分解；分手take
up
开始从事；占据；拿起
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.He
thought
that
the
key
to
feeding
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly.他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。
n.＋be＋to
do
sth.
我认为学好英语的关键是多加练习。I
think
that
the
key
to
learning
English
well
is
to
practice
more.
2.He
thought
there
was
only
one
way
to
do
this
—
by
crossing
different
species
of
rice
plant
...他想只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过杂交不同品种的水稻
……
way
to
do
sth.
不能那样跟你母亲说话！That's
no
way
to
speak
to
your
mother.
3.Its
yield
is
much
greater
than
the
yield
of
other
types
of
rice
grown
in
Pakistan.它的产量比巴基斯坦种植的其他类型的水稻要高很多。
过去分词(短语)作后置定语。
吉姆已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
spent
with
his
students.
figure
n．人物；数字；体形；图形
vt.计算；认为
(教材P32)In
the
rice?growing
world，the
Chinese
scientist，Yuan
Longping，is
a
leading
figure.在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
写出下列句中figure的含义
①He
is
an
important
political
figure
in
Indian
history.
人物
②The
wall
is
covered
with
figures
of
birds
and
flowers.
图形
③I
will
exercise
more
to
keep
my
figure.
体形
④Add
all
the
figures，and
you'll
get
a
larger
one.
数字
figure
out
计算出；想出；弄明白，理解
keep
one's
figure
保持体形
⑤Sam
couldn't
figure
out
how
to
print
out
the
document
until
the
teacher
showed
it
to
him.
直到老师给萨姆做了演示之后，他才明白怎样把文档打印出来。
bring
up培养；养育；提出；呕吐
(教材P32)Yuan
Longping
was
born
and
brought
up
in
China.袁隆平在中国出生并长大。
写出下列句中bring
up的含义
①He
brought
up
a
practical
plan
in
the
meeting，which
brought
down
the
cost
of
production.
提出
②He
was
drunk
and
brought
up
what
he
had
eaten
at
midnight.
呕吐
③Her
parents
died
when
she
was
a
baby
and
she
was
brought
up
by
her
aunt.
养育
bring
about
引起；导致
bring
back
归还；使想起
bring
down
降低；减少
bring
in
引进；赚得，挣得
④The
government
has
taken
measures
to
bring
down
the
high
prices
of
daily
goods
to
keep
the
market
stable.为了使市场稳定，政府已采取措施降低日用品的高价格。
the
key
to...……的关键
(教材P32)He
thought
that
the
key
to
feeding
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly.
他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。
the
answer
to
the
question
问题的答案
the
entrance
to
the
building
大楼的入口
the
note
to
the
text
课文的注释
the
change
to
the
plan
计划的变动
the
solution
to
the
problem
问题的解决方案
①No
one
knows
the
answer
to
the
question.
没有一个人知道这个问题的答案。
②Scientists
are
doing
their
best
to
find
out
the
solution
to
this
environmental
problem.
科学家们正在尽力找到这个环境问题的解决方法。
③The
key
to
solving
(solve)
the
problem
between
the
company
and
the
consumers
is
to
meet
the
demands
made
by
the
consumers.
解决公司和客户之间的问题的关键是满足客户们提出的要求。
support
vt.支持，拥护；供养，抚养；支撑，托住
n．支撑物；支持
(教材P32)The
research
was
supported
by
the
government.这项研究得到了政府的支持。
写出下列句中support的词性及意思
①The
majority
of
people
in
the
town
strongly
support
the
plan
to
build
a
playground
for
children.
v.支持，拥护
②We
couldn't
win
the
match
without
their
support.
n.支持
③The
middle
part
of
the
bridge
is
supported
by
two
huge
towers.
v.支撑，托住
④He
needs
a
higher
income
to
support
such
a
big
family.
v.供养
support
sb.
in
sth.
在……方面支持某人
in
support
of
支持，拥护
with
the
support
of
在……的支持下
⑤In
support
of
his
sister，he
sold
his
only
house
to
pay
the
school
fee.
为了支持他的妹妹，他卖掉了他唯一的房子为妹妹支付学费。
as
a
result
of因为，由于(表示原因)；由于……的结果
(教材P32)As
a
result
of
Yuan
Longping's
discoveries
Chinese
rice
production
rose
by
47.5
percent
in
the
1990's.
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
(1)as
a
result 结果，因此
without
result
(＝in
vain)
徒劳地，无结果地
(2)result
in(＝lead
to/bring
about)
导致，造成(后接结果)
result
from
起因于，因……而造成(后接原因)
①He
studied
hard
last
term
and，as
a
result，he
passed
the
examination.
上学期他学习很用功，结果考试及格了。
②The
terrible
accident
resulted
from
his
carelessness.
那起可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。
③His
careless
speech
resulted
in
much
argument.
他发言过于草率，导致了过多争议。
replace
vt.取代；以……代替；放回原处
(教材P32)The
new
rice
replaced
vegetables
in
50
thousand
square
kilometres.在5万平方千米的田地中，这种新型水稻种植取代了蔬菜种植。
replace
sth.
with/by
sth.
用/以……代替/替换……
take
the
place
of＝take
one's
place
代替
in
place
of
代替
①You
have
to
replace
the
books
on
the
shelves
before
you
leave.
你离开之前必须把书放回书架上。
②It
is
still
under
discussion
whether
the
old
bus
station
should
be
replaced
with/by
a
modern
hotel
or
not.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。
③John
is
ill
and
I
want
to
know
who
is
going
to
take
the
place
of
him/take
his
place.
约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。
quantity
n．数量
(教材P33)A
yield
refers
to
quantity.
产量指的是数量。
(1)a
large
quantity
of
大量的(后跟名词作主语时，谓语
动词的单复数取决于名词)
large
quantities
of
大量的(后跟名词作主语时，谓语
动词用复数)
(2)in
quantity
大量地
in
quantity
and
quality
在数量和质量上
①We
can
offer
you
a
better
price
if
you
can
buy
it
in
quantity.
如果你能大量购买，我们能给你一个更好的价格。
②With
more
and
more
forests
cut
down,
large
quantities
of
soil
are
being
washed
(wash)
away.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量土壤正在被冲走。
③Your
work
has
improved
in
quantity
and
quality
this
term.
本学期你的工作在数量和质量上都有所提高。
(教材P32)He
thought
that
the
key
to
feeding
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly．他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米，并且能更快地生产出来。
【要点提炼】 句中to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly是不定式短语作表语，表示对主语的解释说明。
(1)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
(2)动词?ing形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。
①Our
duty
is
to
help
the
young
children
to
grow
better.我们的职责是帮助孩子们更好地成长。
②My
dream
is
to
be
(be)
an
expert
in
education.
我的梦想是当一个教育方面的专家。
③What
she
likes
is
watching(watch)
children
play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
[名师点津]
不定式短语作表语时，若主语部分含有动词do的某种形式，在不定式中的to可以省略。
④The
only
thing
that
she
wants
to
do
now
is
(to)
go
for
a
holiday.现在她唯一想做的事就是去度假。
(教材P32)As
a
boy
he
was
educated
in
many
schools
and
was
given
the
nickname，“the
student
who
asks
questions”．
【分析】 本句为复合句。其中and连接两个并列的被动结构的谓语动词。the
student
who
asks
questions是the
nickname的同位语，是对the
nickname的解释和说明。who
asks
questions
是定语从句，修饰先行词the
student。
【翻译】 小时候，他在很多学校接受教育，并且得到绰号“问问题的学生”。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Up
to
now，large
quantities
of
food
have
been
sent
(send)
to
Africa
to
save
the
starving
people.
2．More
and
more
people
realize
that
the
key
to
solving
(solve)
the
problem
is
to
reduce
(reduce)
pollution.
3．Most
people
hold
the
belief
that
education(educate)
can
change
one's
fate.
4．Since
then
finding
ways
to
grow
(grow)
more
peanuts
has
been
his
life
goal.
5．The
professor
thought
that
the
idea
the
young
engineer
brought
up
was
worth
considering.
6．This
is
a
copy
of
the
famous
picture,
and
the
original(origin)
work
is
now
in
the
British
Museum.
7．He
published(publish)
his
first
song
when
he
was
eighteen
years
old.
8．It's
said
that
increased
oil
production(produce)
can
account
for
the
drop
in
oil
prices.
9．We
are
planning
to
replace
the
old
machines
with/by
some
new
ones.
10．We
can't
figure
out
why
quite
a
number
of
insects，birds，and
animals
are
dying
out.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A
quantity
of
food
are
being
carried
to
the
poor
village.
are→is
2．Nothing
can
take
place
of
a
mother's
love.
take后加the
3．It's
reported
that
the
accident
resulted
from
the
death
of
two
people.
from→in
4．The
key
to
protect
wild
animals
is
to
punish
hunters
seriously.
protect→protecting
5．It's
reported
that
the
population
of
the
city
has
increased
to
20
percent.
to→by
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．政府正在努力寻找提高食品安全的方法。
The
government
is
trying
to
find
a
way
to
improve/of
improving
food
safety．
2．他感觉很不舒服，把吃的东西全吐了出来。
He
felt
so
sick
that
he
brought
up
what
he
ate．
3．由于学习努力，她获得了奖学金。
She
won
the
scholarship
as
a
result
of
her
hard
work．
4．问题是如何提高我们的英语口语水平。
The
question
is
how
to
improve
our
spoken
English．
5．据说科学家们在癌症的治疗方面已取得突破性进展。
It's
said
that
scientists
have
made
a
big
breakthrough
in
the
cancer
treatment.
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P39教材课文，从下面四个选项中选出文章的主题
The
main
idea
of
the
passage
is
．
A．the
dangers
of
rockets
B．the
development
of
rockets
C．the
advantages
of
rockets
D．the
invention
of
rockets
[答案] B
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P39教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．When
were
rockets
probably
invented?
A．About
2，000
years
ago.
B．In
1232.
C．Between
the
13th
and
15th
centuries.
D．During
the
Song
Dynasty.
2．It
is
possible
that
introduced
rockets
to
Europe.
A．the
Song
army
B．the
Mongols
C．Wan
Hu
D．one
Italian
scientist
3．Which
country
did
not
do
rockets
experiment
between
the
13th
and
15th
centuries?
A．Italy.
B．England.
C．France.
D．America.
4．One
Italian
scientist
invented
a
rocket
which
．
A．could
fly
into
the
sky
B．could
hit
the
enemy's
horse
C．could
fly
over
the
surface
of
water
D．could
clear
the
cloud
in
the
air
[答案] 1－4 ABDC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P39教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The
first
military
use
of
rockets
was
in
1232.
The
Song
Dynasty
was
1.at
war
with
the
Mongols.
During
the
battle
of
Kaifeng,
the
Song
army
2.shot(shoot)
“arrows
of
flying
fire”.
The
tubes
3.were
attached(attach)
to
a
long
stick
which
helped
keep
the
rocket
4.moving(move)
in
a
straight
direction.
Soon
the
Mongols
learned
how
5.to
make(make)
rockets
themselves
and
it
is
possible
6.that
they
introduced
them
to
Europe.
Between
the
13th
and
15th
centuries
there
7.were(be)
many
rocket
experiments
in
England,
France
and
Italy.
They
were
used
for
military
8.purposes(purpose).
One
Italian
9.scientist(science)
even
invented
a
rocket
which
could
travel
over
the
surface
of
water
and
hit
10.an
enemy
ship.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．To
keep
fit,
we
often
take
part
in
physical(身体的)
exercise.
2．There
is
no
greater
happiness
than
that
of
succeeding
in
one's
career(生涯)．
3．If
you
look
straight(直接)
ahead,
you
will
see
the
church
in
the
distance.
4．The
solider
escaped
from
the
enemy's
prison
on
a
snowy
night.
5．The
cloud
slowly
cleared
and
the
sun
came
out.
6．We
volunteered
to
collect
money
to
help
the
victims
of
the
earthquake.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．brief
adj.
简短的；简洁的→briefly
adv.
简要地；扼要地
2．graduate
vi.
毕业→graduation
n.
毕业
3．personal
adj.
个人的→personally
adv.
就个人而言→personality
n.
个性；性格
4．explode
vi.
爆炸→explosion
n.
爆炸；爆炸声
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
known
for
因……而出名/闻名
2．be
diagnosed
with
被诊断出；患有
3．earn
one's/a
living
谋生
4．in
the
area
of
...
在……领域
5．by
accident
偶然地
6．be
attached
to
被绑在……上
7．be
at
war
with
与……交战
8．send
...into
...
把……发送到……中
9．jump
out
of
从……中跳出来
10．come
to
power
掌权
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Many
graduates
don't
earn
their
living
by
themselves
but
depending
on
their
parents.
2．President
Xi
Jinping
began
to
reform
after
he
came
to
power．
3．The
country
has
been
at
war
with
its
neighbor
for
two
years.
4．The
house
caught
fire
by
design
rather
than
by
accident．
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.In
Stephen
Hawking's
case
it
was
discovered
that
he
was
a
brilliant
scientist.在斯蒂芬·霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。
“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”句型。
据说吃得最多的人身体最差。It
is
said
that
those
who
eat
the
most
are
the
least
healthy.
2.The
tubes
were
attached
to
a
long
stick
which
helped
keep
the
rocket
moving
in
a
straight
direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。
“keep＋宾语＋宾补(现在分词)”
很抱歉让你等了三个小时。I
am
sorry
for
having
kept
you
waiting
for
three
hours.
3.Soon
the
Mongols
learned
how
to
make
rockets
themselves
and
it
is
possible
that
they
introduced
them
to
Europe.不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。
“疑问词＋to
do”结构
对一些父母来说，很难决定是否要二孩。It
is
very
difficult
for
some
parents
to
decide
whether
to
have
a
second
child
or
not.
be
known
for因……而出名/闻名
(教材P36)What
is
Einstein
known
for?
爱因斯坦因什么而出名？
be
known
as
作为……而出名
be
known
to
被……熟知
①This
city
is
known
as
a
green
tea
production
place.
这个城市作为绿茶的生产地而出名。
②The
young
man
is
known
as
a
singer
and
he
is
most
known
for
singing
popular
songs
which
are
known
to
many
teenagers.这个年轻人是位知名歌手，他尤其以唱青少年耳熟能详的流行歌曲而出名。
brief
adj.简短的；简洁的
(教材P37)His
book
A
Brief
History
of
Time
was
published
in
1988
and
is
still
a
best?seller.
他的著作《时间简史》于1988年出版，直到现在还是一本畅销书。
(1)in
brief
简言之；总之
to
be
brief
简言之；简单地说
(2)briefly
adv.
简要地；扼要地
①To
be
brief,
we
can't
accept
such
terms.
简单地说，我们不能接受这样的条款。
②Give
your
reason
in
brief
or
I
won't
support
you.
简要说明你的理由，否则我不会支持你。
③Can
you
explain
the
rules
of
the
game
to
me
briefly(brief)?
你能简单地给我解释一下游戏规则吗？
graduate
vi.毕业n.[C]大学毕业生
(教材P37)He
was
born
in
1942
in
Oxford
and
graduated
from
Oxford
University.
他于1942年出生在牛津，后又从牛津大学毕业。
(1)graduate
from
毕业于(大学)
graduate
in
毕业于(专业)
(2)graduation
n.
毕业
①Johnson
is
a
new
graduate.He
has
difficulty
in
dealing
with
whatever
problems
arise.约翰逊是刚毕业的大学生。他很难应付出现的任何问题。
②After
graduating
from
Harvard
University，he
returned
to
his
motherland
and
set
up
his
own
business.
从哈佛大学毕业后，他回到祖国创办了自己的企业。
③Mary
graduated
in
medicine
from
Yale
University
last
year.玛丽去年毕业于耶鲁大学医学专业。
[名师点津]
graduate是一个短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
come
to/into
power开始执政，掌权，上台
(教材P37)Albert
Einstein
left
Germany
when
Hitler
came
to
power
and
went
to
work
in
the
US.希特勒掌权时，爱因斯坦离开德国去美国工作。
beyond
one's
power
力所不及，不能胜任
in/within
one's
power
在某人能力范围内
in
power
当权
have/hold
power
over
sth./sb.
对某事/某人有控制权
①The
government
in
power
is
devoted
to
the
improvement
of
education.
这一届政府致力于提高教育水平。
②I
will
do
everything
in/within
my
power
to
help
you.
我将尽我所能来帮助你。
③I'm
afraid
it
is
beyond
my
power
to
do
what
your're
asking.
我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。
[名师点津]
in
power
“当权，执政”表状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用；come
to
power“开始执政，掌权”表动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。
escape
vi.逃跑；逃避；漏出，泄露
n．逃跑；逃脱；逃避
(教材P39)The
Chinese
discovered
that
the
gas
escaping
from
the
tube
could
lift
it
into
the
air.中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。
(1)escape
from/out
of
...
从……逃走
(2)escape＋n./doing
sth.
逃脱某事/做某事
(常用被动语态)
(3)have
a
narrow
escape
九死一生
①You
were
very
lucky
to
have
escaped
from
the
big
fire
last
night.
昨晚你非常幸运逃离了那场大火。
②Whoever
breaks
the
law
won't
escape
punishment/being
punished
(punish)．
不管是谁违反了法律都不会逃脱惩罚。
③Last
year
I
had
a
narrow
escape，and
I
don't
want
to
risk
my
life
a
second
time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
clear
vi.(烟雾)消散；清理
adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的；明白的
(教材P39)When
the
smoke
cleared
Wan
Hu
and
his
chair
had
disappeared.
当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。
写出下列句中clear的含义
①The
cloud
slowly
cleared
and
the
sun
came
out.
消散
②I
hope
I
made
it
clear
to
him
that
he
was
no
longer
welcome
here.
清楚；明白
③You
can
see
most
of
the
city
on
a
clear
day.
晴朗的
clear
away
收拾；清除；整理
clear
up
(天气)放晴；整理，收拾；澄清
④I
want
the
rubbish
cleared
away
now!
把这些垃圾立即给我弄走！
⑤It
is
raining
now，but
I
think
it
will
clear
up
soon.
现在还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。
(教材P37)In
Stephen
Hawking's
case
it
was
discovered
that
he
was
a
brilliant
scientist.
在斯蒂芬·霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。
【要点提炼】 “It＋be＋过去分词＋that”句型。句中it
was
discovered
that
he
was
a
brilliant
scientist属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”句型。其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于该句型的过去分词有：said，thought，reported，believed，supposed，considered，hoped等。
该句型可以转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”句型或“People
say/think
...＋that
...”。
①It
is
reported
that
the
scientists
are
trying
to
invent
a
new
medicine
for
curing
cancer.
据报道，科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。
②It
is
hoped
that
the
terrible
disease
will
soon
be
controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
③It
is
said
that
greenhouse
gases
are
the
main
cause
of
global
warming.
→People
say
that
greenhouse
gases
are
the
main
cause
of
global
warming.
→Greenhouse
gases
are
said
to
be
(be)
the
main
cause
of
global
warming.
有人说，温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。
(教材P39)The
tubes
were
attached
to
a
long
stick
which
helped
keep
the
rocket
moving
in
a
straight
direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。
【要点提炼】 句中keep
the
rocket
moving
in
a
straight
direction属于“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the
rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。
①We
should
keep
our
classroom
clean
and
tidy.
我们应当保持教室干净和整洁。
②We
should
keep
ourselves
informed
(inform)
of
the
latest
information.
我们应该了解最新的信息。
③Short
of
financial
support，I
found
it
hard
to
keep
the
company
going
smoothly.
由于缺少资金支持，我发现很难使公司正常运行。
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1．Michael
Jackson
is
well?known
for
his
songs
as
a
popular
singer.
2．It
is
said
that
he
narrowly
escaped
being
killed
(kill)
in
the
traffic
accident
on
the
other
day.
3．If
the
weather
clears
up，we
can
go
out
for
a
walk.
4．He
hurried
to
the
theatre，only
to
be
told
(tell)
that
the
tickets
had
been
sold
out.
5．After
graduation(graduate),
he
went
to
work,
first
as
a
teacher,
then
government
officer.
6．Don't
keep
them
working
(work)
day
and
night.They
are
too
tired.
7．It
is
said(say)
that
he
has
written
a
new
book
about
workers.
8．The
government
came
to/into
power
in
2016，that
is，it
has
been
in
power
for
over
five
years.
9．The
force
of
the
explosion(explode)
broke
all
the
windows
in
the
building.
10．When
to
go
(go)
for
a
picnic
hasn't
been
decided.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这大大超出了我的能力，我决定放弃。
It
is
quite
beyond
my
power.
I'm
determined
to
give
it
up.
2．当汽车冲向他时，这个小孩死里逃生。
The
little
boy
had
a
narrow
escape
when
a
car
ran
towards
him.
3．大火持续了近一个月，没有留下有价值的东西。
The
fire
lasted
nearly
a
month,
leaving
nothing
valuable．
4．如果你愿意教我如何使用这台电脑我将不胜感激。
I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
the
computer．
5．建议你与不同性格、不同背景的人交朋友。
It
is
suggested
that
you
should
make
friends
with
people
having
different
characteristics
or
backgrounds.
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