Module
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
【导读】 双城记(A
Tale
of
Two
Cities)是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景所写成的长篇历史小说。故事将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市连接起来，围绕着曼马内特医生一家和以德法日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。
【文化节选】
Charles
Darnay
passed
his
last
night
alone
in
the
prison.
He
had
no
hope.He
knew
he
must
die，not
for
anything
he
had
done
wrong，but
for
the
crimes
of
his
father
and
his
uncle.He
sat
down
to
write
to
his
wife：
I
knew
nothing
about
the
time
your
father
spent
in
prison
until
he
told
me.Even
then
I
did
not
know
that
it
was
my
family
that
had
been
so
cruel
to
him.I
told
your
father
that
my
real
name
was
Evrémonde，and
he
made
me
promise
not
to
tell
you.I
am
sure
that
he
had
forgotten
the
paper
he
had
written，but
what
has
happened
now
is
not
his
fault.Take
care
of
him
and
our
child，and
one
day
we
shall
all
meet
again
in
the
happier
world
that
comes
after
death.
Darnay
did
not
sleep
peacefully
that
night
and
in
the
morning
he
walked
up
and
down
his
prison，waiting.He
counted
the
hours—nine，gone
for
ever，ten，eleven，twelve
gone
for
ever.At
one
o'clock
he
heard
someone
outside
the
door.The
door
opened
and
closed
and
there
stood
Sydney
Carton，holding
a
warning
finger
to
his
lips.
“Be
quiet！I
come
from
your
wife.She
begs
you
to
do
exactly
what
I
say，and
to
ask
no
questions.There
is
no
time.Take
off
your
boots
and
put
on
mine.”
“Carton，my
dear
friend，”said
Darnay，“it
is
impossible
to
escape
from
this
place.You
will
only
die
with
me.”
“I'm
not
asking
you
to
escape.Put
on
my
shirt，and
my
coat.”He
did
not
allow
Darnay
time
to
argue
or
refuse.“Now
sit
down
and
write
what
I
say，”he
said.“Quickly，my
friend，quickly！”
查尔斯·代尔那独自一人在监狱里过着他的最后一个夜晚。
他不抱什么希望了。他知道他必须得死，不是因为他做错了什么事，而是因为他父亲和叔叔所犯下的罪行。他坐下来给他的妻子写信：
在你父亲告诉我以前，我对他在监狱中度过的岁月一无所知。即便那时我也不知道是我的家庭曾那样残忍地对待过他。我当时告诉你父亲我的真实姓氏是埃弗蒙，但他让我发誓不要告诉你。我相信他那时已经忘了他曾在监狱里写的那份记录。但是现在发生的事不是他的过错。你要好好照顾他和我们的孩子。有一天我们将会重逢在一个更幸福的世界里的，人们死后就会到来的那个世界。
代尔那那天晚上没有安睡过，凌晨他在囚室里走来走去地等待着。他数着时间——9点，永远过去了，10点、11点、12点，都永远消逝了。一点钟时他听见有人在门外。门开了又关上。西得尼·卡登走了进来。他伸出一只手指按在嘴上。
“安静！我从你妻子那儿来。她求你完全按照我说的去做，什么也别问。没时间了。脱掉你的靴子换上我的。”
“卡登，我亲爱的朋友，”代尔那说道，“从这个地方逃跑是不可能的，你只会和我一起死的。”
“我没让你逃跑。穿上我的衬衫。还有我的大衣。”他没有给代尔那争辩或拒绝的时间。“现在坐下写下我说的话。”他说。“快点儿，我的朋友，快一点儿！”
[知识积累]
1.cruel
adj.
残酷的；残忍的
2．fault
n．
过失；过错
3．count
v．
计数；数数
4．The
door
opened
and
closed
and
there
stood
Sydney
Carton，holding
a
warning
finger
to
his
lips.
[分析] 本句是并列句。第一个并列分句的主语是the
door；第二个分句为完全倒装句，主语是Sydney
Carton，holding
a
warning
finger
to
his
lips为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[文化链接]
《双城记》创作于19世纪50年代，当时英国正处于资本主义经济快速发展时期。这种发展带来的种种罪恶和劳动人民生活的贫困化，导致下层群众中存在极端的愤懑与不满，英国社会处于爆发一场社会大革命的边缘。
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
邀请信
邀请信属于应用文，主要用来邀请某人参加宴会、庆祝活动或会议等。邀请信可分为正式的邀请信(请柬)和非正式的邀请信两种。
我们平时所写的通常是非正式的邀请信。它与普通信件的格式基本一样：
1．称呼；
2．开头语；
3．活动内容、时间及地点；
4．结束语；
5．落款。
1．I'm
writing
to
invite
you
to...
我写信是想邀请您……
2．I
wonder
if
you
can
come
...
我在想您是否能来参加……
3．My
family
and
I
would
feel
much
honored
if
you
could
come.
如果您能来，我们全家都将感到不胜荣幸。
4．We
are
looking
forward
to
your
coming
with
great
pleasure.
我们高兴地期待着您的到来。
5．It
is
my
pleasure
for
me
to
invite
you
to
...
非常荣幸邀请您参加……
6．I
hope
you're
not
too
busy
to
come.
我期望您在百忙之中光临。
7．Please
confirm
your
participation
at
your
earliest
convenience.
是否参加，请早日告之。
8．I
am
longing
to
see
you
soon.
我盼望您早点来。
假设你是美国的Ann，你的朋友Susan很想知道中国学校里常见的身势语。你应Susan的要求邀请中国的留学生李华于5月12日共进晚餐，并就以下问题做一些介绍；
1．学生如何向老师问好？
2．在学校里拥抱常见吗？
3．老师拍学生的头是不是无礼啊？
你们准备6点吃晚餐，这样就有较长的时间交谈。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
体裁
应用文
时态
一般现在时
主题
邀请共进晚餐
人称
第一和第三人称
结构
第一段：介绍邀请的原因；
第二段：具体介绍中国学校的一些身势语；
第三段：希望对方回应。
Ⅰ.对接模块词汇
1．request
n．
请求；要求
2．invite
vt.
邀请
3．vary
vi.
变化
4．hug
n.
拥抱
5．rude
adj.
粗鲁的；无礼的
6．prolong
vt.
延长
7．body
language
身势语
8．say
hello
to
向……问候
Ⅱ.巧用模块句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．应她的请求，我想邀请您在5月12日与我们共进晚餐。
At
her
request,
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
have
supper
with
us
on
May
12th.
2．众所周知，问候因地而异。
People
know
that
greeting
vary
from
place
to
place．
3．在学校学生怎样向老师表达问候？
How
do
students
in
China
say
hello
to
their
teachers
at
school?
4．无论是不是亲密朋友，在我们国家拥抱是很常见的。
Whether
they
are
close
friends
or
not,
hugs
are
common
in
our
country.
5．我们计划6点开始晚餐以便能延长我们的谈话。
We
plan
to
have
supper
at
six
to
prolong
our
talk.
(二)句式升级
6．用it作形式主语或as引导的定语从句改写2句
It's
known
that
greeting
vary
from
place
to
place.(it)
As
is
known
greeting
vary
from
place
to
place.(as)
7．用so
that引导的目的状语从句改写5句
We
are
planning
supper
at
six
so
that
we
can
prolong
our
talk.
【参考范文】
Dear
Li
Hua，
My
friend,
Susan
is
interested
in
body
language
in
Chinese
schools.
At
her
request,
I'd
like
to
invite
you
to
have
supper
with
us
on
May
12th,
and
introduce
some
body
language
to
us.
It's
known
that
greeting
vary
from
place
to
place.
How
do
students
in
China
say
hello
to
their
teachers
at
school?
Whether
they
are
close
friends
or
not,
hugs
are
common
in
our
country.
What
about
the
students
in
your
country?
What's
more,
we
often
see
in
some
Chinese
films
that
teachers
pat
students
on
the
head.
Is
it
rude?
We
plan
to
have
supper
at
six
so
that
we
can
prolong
our
talk.
Looking
forward
to
your
early
reply.
Yours，
Ann
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
条件状语从句和让步状语从句
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①If
you
say
the
word
“communication”，
most
people
think
of
words
and
sentences.②In
case
there
is
a
fire，what
will
you
do
first？③You
won't
arrive
there
on
time
unless
you
take
a
plane.④Even
if
you
were
busy，you
should
take
care
of
your
family.⑤Clever
as
he
is，he
doesn't
make
great
efforts
in
his
lesson.⑥However
much
I
tried，I
couldn't
work
the
question
out.⑦He
keeps
taking
physical
training
in
winter
no
matter
how
cold
it
is.⑧Although/Though
she
works
very
hard，yet
(still)
she
makes
very
slow
progress.
1.①②③句中，黑体部分引导条件状语从句；④⑤⑥⑦⑧句中，黑体部分引导让步状语从句。2.由③句可知，在条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。3.⑧句中
although/though
引导让步状语从句不与
but
连用，但可以与
yet
或
still
连用。4.由⑤句可知，as
引导让步状语从句且置于句首时，从句用倒装语序。5.⑥⑦句中，however
和
no
matter
how
都引导让步状语从句，两者可以换用。
一、条件状语从句
1．条件状语从句的引导词
引导条件状语从句的词/短语有：
if
(假设，如果)，unless
(除非)，so/as
long
as
(只要)，suppose/supposing
(that)(倘若，假设);
only
if
(只有……才)，provided/providing
(that)(如果)，on
condition
that
(条件是)，in
case
(如果，万一)，when
(如果；既然，考虑到)。
If
Tom
passes
the
examination，his
father
is
going
to
buy
him
a
bicycle.
如果汤姆考试及格，他父亲将会给他买一辆自行车。
You
may
watch
TV
as
long
as
you
finish
your
homework.只要你做完作业，你就可以看电视。
Suppose/Supposing
the
plane
does
not
arrive
on
time，what
shall
I
do?
假定飞机不能准时到，我该怎么办？
How
can
they
learn
anything
when
they
spend
all
their
spare
time
watching
television？既然他们把所有空闲的时间都用来看电视了，还能学到什么东西呢？
Only
if
you
take
an
active
part
in
physical
activity
will
you
be
able
to
keep
fit
and
stay
healthy.
只有积极参加体育锻炼，你才能保持身体健康。
2．主将从现
条件状语从句如果主句表示将来的时间，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I
won't
wait
for
him
unless
he
calls
me.
除非他给我打电话，否则我不会等他。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①It
is
so
cold
that
you
can't
go
outside
unless
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
②I
believe
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time
here
once
you
get
to
know
everyone
else.
③I
told
him
he
would
succeed
only
if
he
tried
hard.
二、让步状语从句
让步状语从句常由以下从属连词引导：
though/although
(尽管，虽然)，as，even
if/even
though
(即使)，疑问词?ever/no
matter＋疑问词(不管，无论)等。
1．though，although;
even
if，even
though“虽然，尽管”。
though，although这两者意思大致相同，一般可互换，都可与yet，still，nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。
Although
the
job
takes
a
significant
amount
of
time，most
students
agree
that
the
experience
is
worth
it.
虽然这份工作要花大量的时间，但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。
Even
though
the
forest
park
is
far
away，a
lot
of
tourists
visit
it
every
year.
尽管森林公园很远，每年仍有很多游客前去游览。
2．as，though“虽然……但是，尽管”。
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though有时也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。
Tired
as/though
he
was，he
continued
working
in
the
field.
＝Though/Although
he
was
tired，he
continued
working
in
the
field.
尽管他很累，他还继续在田里工作。
3．whether
...or
...表示“不论是否；不管是……还是……”之意。
I
have
decided
to
take
the
job
offer，whether
it
is
good
or
bad.无论好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
4．“no
matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词?ever”的含义为“不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
However/No
matter
how
hard
you
try，it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.无论你多么努力，如果不减少饮食量，那么减肥是很难做到的。
Whichever/No
matter
which
country
you
travel
to，you
should
obey
the
law
of
the
land.不论你到哪个国家去旅行，你都应该遵守这个国家的法律。
No
matter
what/Whatever
I
do，I
will
try
my
best
to
do
it
well.无论我做什么，我都会尽力做好。
[名师点津]
“no
matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词?ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
Whatever(＝No
matter
what)
you
say，I
won't
believe
you.(whatever引导让步状语从句)
I'll
eat
whatever(≠no
matter
what)
you
give
me.(whatever引导宾语从句)
5．有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。
While
some
people
are
motivated
by
a
need
for
success，others
are
motivated
by
a
fear
of
failure.
尽管有人被成功的需求所激励，但也有人被失败的恐惧所激发。
While
the
students
came
from
different
countries，they
got
along
quite
well
in
the
summer
camp.
尽管学生们来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营相处得非常好。
[即时训练2] 单句改错
①Although
my
uncle
is
old，but
he
looks
very
strong
and
healthy.
去掉but
②Child
although
he
was，he
knew
what
was
the
right
thing
to
do.
although→as/though
③How
busy
we
are，it's
necessary
for
us
students
to
spare
some
time
to
do
exercise.
How→However
三、状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是
it，从句的谓语部分含有be动词时，可以将从句中的主语与be动词一起省略。
If
(it
is)
possible，this
machine
can
be
changed
for
a
new
one.
如果可能的话，这台机器会换成一台新的。
While
(she
was)
listening
to
the
radio，she
fell
asleep.她在听收音机时睡着了。
Though(it
is)
not
very
big，the
restaurant
is
popular
in
our
area.
尽管不是很大，但这家餐馆在我们这个地区很受欢迎。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①Video
games
can
be
a
poor
influence
if
left
(leave)
in
the
wrong
hands.
②He
picked
up
a
wallet
while
walking
(walk)
home.
③Although
built(build)
ten
years
ago，the
house
still
looks
new.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
will
not
leave
unless
it
is
fine
tomorrow.
2．If
it
rains(rain)
tomorrow,
we
will
have
the
PE
lesson
in
the
classroom.
3．One
can
always
manage
to
do
more
things,
no
matter
how
full
one's
schedule
is
in
life.
4．Provided/Providing
that
there
is
money
on
you,
you
may
buy
whatever
you
like.
5．Try
as/though
he
might,
he
couldn't
get
the
door
open.
6．No
matter
which
dictionary
you
want
to
buy，I'll
pay
for
it.
7．Film
has
a
much
shorter
history，especially
when
compared(compare)
to
such
art
forms
as
music
and
painting.
8．There
are
so
many
cars
that
you
should
be
careful
while
crossing
(cross)
the
road.
9．Whether
it
is
right
or
wrong，his
opinion
should
be
paid
attention
to.
10．Lessons
can
be
learned
to
face
the
future，though/although
history
cannot
be
changed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If
I
was
only
a
child
when
I
studied
in
that
classroom，I
will
never
forget
it.
If→Although/Though
2．Although
I
was
quite
unwilling
to
say
“Goodbye”
to
my
father,
but
he
had
to
leave
for
my
hometown
in
the
evening.
去掉but
3．Parents
today
do
their
best
to
leave
possessions
for
their
kids,
if
they
are
rich
or
poor.
if→whether
4．The
notice
says
who
you
are,
you
must
show
your
tickets
to
enter
the
exhibition.
who→whoever
5．If
you
want
to
come
here,
and
you
can
take
the
bus
from
the
sixth
station.
去掉and
6．Unless
asking
to
speak,
you
should
remain
silent
at
the
meeting.
asking→asked
7．Unless
I
have
a
large
amount
of
money,
I
would
travel
to
the
world
with
my
family.
Unless→If
8．Hot
although
the
night
air
was,
we
slept
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.
although→though/as
9．What
difficulty
you
may
face,
we
will
always
fight
along
with
you.
What→Whatever
10．Supposed
you
fail
a
second
time,
don't
get
disappointed.
Supposed→Suppose/Supposing
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．A
foreign
language
is
a
weapon(武器)
in
the
struggle
of
life.
2．Gestures(姿势)
vary
slightly
from
country
to
country.
3．The
fight
was
started
by
some
youths(年轻人)
who
had
been
drunk.
4．If
they
wanted
a
deal(协议)
at
any
price,
they
would
have
to
face
the
consequences(后果)．
5．Teachers
apparently
expect
a
certain
amount
of
aggressive(攻击的)
behaviour
from
boys.
6．Housework
involves
cooking,
washing
dishes,
sweeping
and
cleaning.
7．In
some
countries,
such
as
Japan,
people
bow
to
each
other
when
they
say
hello.
8．Luckily,
she
was
only
hurt
slightly
in
the
car
accident.
9．I
spread
my
palm
to
hit
the
fly
on
the
table
but
failed.
10.
It
is
necessary
that
young
and
old
people
should
communicate
more
with
each
other.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．communicate
vi.
(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→communication
n.
交流；沟通
2．vary
vi.
变化→variety
n.
变化；多样性→various
adj.
多种多样的
3．formal
adj.
正式的→informal
adj.
非正式的
4．tradition
n.
传统→traditional
adj.
传统的→traditionally
adv.
传统地
5．threat
n.
恐吓；威胁→threaten
v.
恐吓；威胁→threatening
adj.
恐吓的；具有威胁的
6．conscious
adj.
意识到的；自觉的→unconscious
adj.
无意识的；不知不觉的
否定前缀un?
否定前缀in?
unconscious
adj.无意识的；不知不觉的uncomfortable
adj.不舒服的unfit
adj.不合适的unfortunate
adj.不幸的
informal
adj.非正式的incorrect
adj.不正确的independent
adj.独立的inconvenient
adj.不方便的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．on
guard
(保持)警惕
2．make
a
deal
达成协议；做成交易
3．hold
up
举起
4．give
away
暴露(自己的情况)
5．up
and
down
一上一下地
6．vary
from
...
to...
从……到……变化
7．in
the
distance
在远处
8．shake
hands
with
和某人握手
9．get
involved
in
被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于
10．more
than
超过；不仅仅
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Danger
drawing
near，we
must
all
be
on
guard．
2．The
film
has
made
a
deal
with
the
government
for
six
of
its
fighter
planes.
3．He
kindly
shook
hands
with
me
as
usual
when
greeting
me.
4．If
you
have
any
questions，please
hold
up
your
hands
before
asking
them.
5．The
boss
felt
like
someone
was
giving
away
company
secrets.
“on＋n.”构成的介词短语一览
由up
and
down想到的
on
guard
(保持)警惕on
duty
值日，值班on
show/display
展出on
purpose
故意
back
and
forth
来来回回day
and
night
日日夜夜here
and
there
到处now
and
then
时而，不时
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Indeed,
body
positions
are
part
of
what
we
call
“body
language”.实际上，身体的姿态是我们所称的“肢体语言”的一部分。
what引导的宾语从句。
他的话让我想起了我们在过去的假日中所做的事情。His
words
remind
me
of
what
we
did
together
during
the
past
holidays.
2.One
person
then
holds
up
his
hand,
palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread.然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。
“名词＋副词/过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。
他坐在那里，双眼闭着，嘴巴张着，睡着了。He
sat
there,
eyes
closed
and
mouth
open,
sleeping.
3.Body
language
is
fascinating
for
anyone
to
study.肢体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。
Sb./Sth.
be＋形容词＋(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.。
这个房间我们住着很舒适。The
room
is
pleasant
for
us
to
live
in.
more
than不仅仅是；多于；很，非常；超出了……之所能
(教材P21)Perhaps
more
than
I
think.
或许不仅仅是我所认为的那样。
写出下列句中more
than的含义
①China
Daily
is
more
than
a
newspaper.
It
helps
to
improve
our
English.
不仅仅是
②I
am
more
than
delighted
to
know
you
are
interested
in
Tang
poems.
很，非常
③Paper?cutting
has
a
history
of
more
than
1，500
years.
多于
④The
beauty
of
the
mountainous
country
is
more
than
I
can
describe.
超出了……之所能
more
...than
...
比……更；与其说……不如说……
no
more
than
不过；仅仅；只有(侧重数量少)
not
more
than
至多，不超过
⑤I
have
no
more
than
a
nodding
acquaintance
with
her.
我与她只是点头之交。
communicate
vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流vt.
表达(思想)；传递(信息等)
(教材P22)Although
these
are
very
important，we
communicate
with
more
than
just
spoken
and
written
words.尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言交流。
(1)communicate
with
sb.
与某人交流
communicate
sth.to
sb.
把……传达给某人
(2)be
in
communication
with
sb.
与某人互通信息
make
communication
with
sb.
与某人交流
①She
seldom
communicates
with
others
so
she
doesn't
fit
in
with
the
class.
＝She
seldom
makes
communication
with
others
so
she
doesn't
fit
in
with
the
class.
她很少与班上的其他人交流，因此她很难融入班级中去。
②He
won
the
first
prize
in
the
mid?term
examination.He
was
eager
to
communicate
the
good
news
to
his
parents.
他在期中考试中获得了第一名。他急于把这个好消息传达给自己的父母。
③I'll
be
in
communication
with
my
lawyer
about
this
matter.关于这件事情我将会和我的律师商议。
vary
vi.变化
(教材P22)We
see
examples
of
unconscious
body
language
very
often，yet
there
is
also
“learned”
body
language，which
varies
from
culture
to
culture.我们经常看到无意识的肢体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”肢体语言，“习得的”肢体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。
vary
in...
在……方面不同
vary
with...
随着……而变化
vary
from...to...
在……与……之间变化
①The
two
sweaters
are
of
the
same
style，but
they
vary
in
price
because
of
different
materials.
这两件毛衣款式相同，但由于布料不同，价格也不同。
②Generally
speaking，prices
of
fruit
and
vegetables
vary
with
the
season.
一般来说，水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节而变化。
③The
research
team
is
made
up
of
the
pupils，whose
age
vary
from
10
to
15.
这个研究小组是由年龄从十岁到十五岁不等的学生组成的。
deal
n．协议；交易；很多，大量
vi.处理
(教材P22)We
shake
hands
when
we
make
a
deal.It
means，“We
agree
and
we
trust
each
other.”
当我们达成协议时，我们握手。意思就是：“我们达成了协议，相互信任。”
(1)make
a
deal
达成协议；做成交易
That's/It's
a
deal.
(口语)成交；就这么办吧
a
great/good
deal
of
大量，许多(后接不可数名词)
(2)deal
with
处理；对付；与……做生意，
打交道；涉及
deal
in
经营，做……生意
①The
factory
has
made
a
new
deal
with
a
buyer
in
Canada.这家工厂已经和加拿大的一位买家达成了一项新协议。
②There
is
a
great
deal
of
evidence
indicating
that
listening
to
soft
music
can
reduce
stress.
有大量的证据表明听轻音乐能减轻压力。
③The
store
deals
in
silk，and
we
have
dealt
with
it
for
many
years.
这家商店经营丝绸，我们和它做了多年的生意了。
involve
vt.包括；涉及；使参与
(教材P22)Greetings
in
Asian
countries
do
not
involve
touching
the
other
person，but
they
always
involve
the
hands.
亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。
(1)involve
sb.
in
sth.
使某人参与某事
involve
doing
sth.
需要做某事；包括做某事
(2)involved
adj.
复杂的；有关的，涉及的
be/get
involved
in
参加；被卷入……之中
①Since
this
meeting
doesn't
involve
me，I
think
I'd
better
leave
now.
既然这场会议不牵涉到我，我想我现在最好离开。
②I
ask
you
not
to
get
involved
in
this
kind
of
matter.It's
none
of
your
business.
我要求你不要卷入这种事，它与你无关。
③He
found
a
job
as
a
high
school
teacher
which
involves
spending(spend)
quite
a
lot
of
time
with
students.他找到了一份高中老师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生长时间待在一起。
hold
up
举起；支撑；耽搁；推迟，延迟
(教材P22)One
person
then
holds
up
his
hand，palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread.
然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。
写出下列句中
hold
up
的含义
①It's
a
pity
that
the
building
of
the
new
road
has
been
held
up
by
the
bad
weather.
耽搁
②They
stood
there，holding
up
their
hands
to
beg
for
food.
举起
③Women
are
playing
a
more
and
more
important
part
in
society
—
they
hold
up
half
the
sky.
支撑
④I
decided
to
hold
up
the
news
until
he
was
sure
of
it.
推迟，延迟
hold
on
(打电话)稍候，别挂断；(在困难
中)坚持下去
hold
on
to
紧紧抓住；守住，保住
hold
out
维持，持续，伸出
hold
back
阻止；抑制(情感、情绪)；隐瞒
⑤I
have
something
important
to
say.Please
hold
on
for
a
moment.
我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。
⑥No
one
can
hold
back
the
development
of
technology.
没有人能阻止科技的发展。
give
away暴露(自己的情况)，泄露(秘密等)；赠送，捐赠；分发，颁发
(教材P22)People
give
away
much
more
by
their
gestures
than
by
their
words.人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达的多得多。
写出下列句中give
away的含义
①We
have
invited
a
famous
former
student
to
give
away
the
school
prizes.
颁发
②I
was
afraid
the
kids
would
give
the
whole
thing
away.
泄露(秘密等)
③The
expression
on
her
face
gave
her
away
when
she
told
a
lie.
暴露
④He
gave
away
part
of
his
income
to
his
needy
friends.
捐赠
give
back
归还，送回；恢复
give
in
屈服，让步；投降
give
off
发出(光、电、热)
give
up
(doing)
sth.
放弃/停止/戒除(做)某事
give
out
公布，发表；用完，耗尽
⑤If
we
expect
people
to
give
up
the
habit
of
driving，we
must
give
them
an
alternative
they
can
rely
on.如果我们期望人们戒掉开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的替代品。
⑥The
apples
give
off
a
very
sweet
smell.
这些苹果散发出非常香甜的味道。
(教材P22)Indeed，body
positions
are
part
of
what
we
call“body
language”．实际上，身体的姿态是我们所称的“肢体语言”的一部分。
【要点提炼】 what
引导的宾语从句。what
we
call
“body
language”是what引导的从句作介词of
的宾语，what在从句中作call的宾语。此外what还可以引导主语从句、表语从句等。
(1)what
引导的名词性从句是高考中考查的一个重点，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语及宾语补足语等，表示“……的事/话/地方等”。
(2)which在从句中所作的成分与what一样，但是它表示“哪一个”，特指某一范围内的哪一个，而what没有范围限制。
(3)that
引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。
①I'm
not
interested
in
what
is
happening
in
that
field.我对那个领域里发生的事情不感兴趣。
②This
is
what
they
have
done.这就是他们所做的。
③I
believe
that
they
will
finish
the
task
on
time.
我相信他们将会按时完成任务。
④I
don't
know
which
bike
belongs
to
my
father.
我不知道哪一辆自行车是我爸爸的。
(教材P22)One
person
then
holds
up
his
hand，palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread．
然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。
【要点提炼】 本句是一个简单句，palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread为独立主格结构，结构为“名词＋副词/过去分词”。
独立主格结构一般在句子中作定语或状语。它不是一个完整的句子，其构成常有以下几种结构：
(1)名词(代词)＋形容词/副词
(2)名词(代词)＋现在分词/过去分词
(3)名词(代词)＋不定式
(4)名词(代词)＋介词短语
①He
sat
there，his
face
pale.
他坐在那里，脸色苍白。
②The
meeting
over，our
headmaster
soon
left
the
meeting
room.
散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。
③The
girl
staring
(stare)
at
him，he
didn't
know
what
to
say.
这个女孩两眼盯着他，他不知道说什么好。
④All
things
considered
(consider)，her
suggestion
is
of
greater
value
than
yours.
若全面考虑，她的建议比你的建议更有价值。
(教材P22)Body
language
is
fascinating
for
anyone
to
study.肢体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。
【要点提炼】 Sb./Sth.＋be＋adj.(for
sb./sth.)
to
do句型。
(1)在该句型中句子主语sb./sth.是不定式短语的逻辑宾语，若构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，通常要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
(2)在该句型中形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy，difficult，hard，important，impossible，
comfortable，pleasant，dangerous
等。
(3)有时为了表达更清楚可用for引出不定式动作的执行者，即不定式的逻辑主语。
(4)在该句型中不定式作状语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“China
is
impossible
to
over
look”，says
Hill.
“中国是不可能被忽略的。”希尔说。
②As
far
as
I'm
concerned，this
problem
is
very
difficult
to
work
out.
就我个人而言，这道题很难算出来。
③The
question
is
difficult
for
me
to
answer.
这个问题对我来说很难回答。
④This
machine
is
very
easy
to
operate(operate)．Anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
这台机器很容易操作，任何人在几分钟之内都可以学会。
(教材P22)We
see
examples
of
unconscious
body
language
very
often，yet
there
is
also
“learned”
body
language，which
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
【分析】 本句是个并列句，由yet连接。第一个并列分句是主谓宾结构；第二个分句是there
be
句型，其中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词body
language。
【翻译】 我们经常看到无意识的肢体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”肢体语言，“习得的”肢体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
like
getting
up
very
early
in
summer.The
morning
air
is
so
good
to
breathe
(breathe)．
2．I
am
told
that
the
test
will
involve
answering
(answer)
questions
about
a
photograph.
3．For
most
informal(formal)
dinners,
you
should
wear
comfortable
and
casual
clothes.
4．All
the
problems
solved(solve),
the
quality
has
been
improved.
5．There
is
no
doubt
that
air
pollution
is
an
extremely
serious
problem，so
strong
measures
should
be
taken
to
deal
with
it.
6．Nowadays
WeChat
has
played
an
important
part
in
the
communication(communicate)
between
people.
7．The
price
of
this
type
of
computer
varies(vary)
in
different
shops.
8．When
we
go
shopping,
we
should
be
on
guard
against
pickpockets.
9．The
man
was
sentenced
to
prison
for
five
years
because
he
had
given
away
some
national
military
secrets
to
the
enemy.
10．He
has
been
receiving
threatening(threaten)
phone
calls
since
she
returned
from
America.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He
gave
out
most
of
his
money
to
the
homeless
in
the
earthquake?stricken
area.
out→away
2．Traditional
in
China,
children
must
respect
and
obey
their
parents
and
teachers.
Traditional→Traditionally
3．In
recent
years,
this
kind
of
disease
has
been
spread
to
most
African
countries.
去掉been
4．They
finally
arrived
at
where
we
call
“Fairy
Land”.
where→what
5．The
manager
interviewed
everyone
involving
in
the
accident
to
find
out
what
had
actually
happened.
involving→involved
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．房价各个地方不同，在有名校的地方房价通常是很高的。
House
prices
vary
from
place
to
place
and
are
usually
high
where
there
are
famous
schools.
2．向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
The
guide
leading
the
way,
we
had
no
trouble
getting
out
of
the
forest.
3．他为自己在过去的二十年中所取得的成就感到自豪。
He
feels
proud
of
what
he
has
achieved
in
the
past
twenty
years.
4．尽管安迪并不是一个健谈的人，但他并不难相处。
Although
Andy
is
not
a
talkative
man,
he
is
not
difficult
to
get
along
with．
5．上下班高峰期，我们在回家的路上遇到了交通拥堵。
During
the
rush
hour,
we
got
held
up
in
the
traffic
jam
on
our
way
back
home.
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
身势语会在不经意间表露一个人的心理。解读身势语，请看下文……
Body
language
is
the
quiet，secret
and
most
powerful
language
of
all！It
is
said
that
our
body
movements
communicate
about
50
percent
of
what
we
really
mean
while
words
only
express
7
percent.So，while
your
mouth
is
closed，your
body
is
just
saying
...
Arms.How
you
hold
your
arms
shows
how
open
and
receptive
you
are
to
people
you
meet.If
you
keep
your
arms
to
the
sides
of
your
body
or
behind
your
back，this
suggests
you
are
not
afraid
of
taking
on
whatever
comes
your
way.Outgoing
people
generally
use
their
arms
with
big
movements，while
quieter
people
keep
them
close
to
their
bodies.If
someone
upsets
you，just
cross
your
arms
to
show
you're
unhappy!
Head.When
you
want
to
appear
confident，keep
your
head
level.If
you
are
a
monitor
in
class，you
can
also
take
on
this
position
when
you
want
your
words
to
be
taken
seriously.
However，to
be
friendly
in
listening
or
speaking，you
must
move
your
head
a
little.
Legs.Your
legs
tend
to
move
around
a
lot
more
than
normal
when
you
are
nervous
or
telling
lies.If
you
are
at
interviews，try
to
keep
them
still!
Posture.A
good
posture
makes
you
feel
better
about
yourself.If
you
are
feeling
down，you
normally
don't
sit
straight，with
your
shoulders
inwards.
This
makes
breathing
more
difficult，which
can
make
you
feel
nervous
or
uncomfortable.
Mouth.When
you
are
thinking，you
often
purse
your
lips.You
might
also
use
this
position
to
hold
back
an
angry
comment
you
don't
wish
to
show.However，it
will
probably
still
be
noticed，and
people
will
know
you're
not
pleased.
Face.When
you
lie，you
might
put
on
a
false
face.But
that
expression
would
crack
briefly，allowing
displays
of
true
emotions
such
as
happiness，sadness，disgust
and
fear
to
come
through.
[阅读障碍词]
1．posture
n．
姿势
2．purse
v.
撅起(嘴唇)
3．crack
v.
使破裂
4．disgust
n.
厌恶
[诱思导读]
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)
1．It's
said
that
our
body
movements
communicate
more
than
our
words.
( )
2．As
a
monitor，when
you
want
your
words
to
be
taken
seriously，you
should
keep
your
head
upwards.
( )
3．Not
sitting
straight
can
make
breathing
easier
than
ever.
( )
[答案] 1－3 TFF
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.communication
A．n.
武器
( )2.unconscious
B．n.
协议；交易
( )3.vary
C．n.
交流；沟通
( )4.aggressive
D．n.
姿势；姿态
( )5.weapon
E．v.
变化
( )6.gesture
F．v.
包括
( )7.threatening
G．v.
张开
( )8.deal
H．adj.
无意的；不知不觉的
( )9.involve
I．adj.
恐吓的；具有威胁的
( )10.spread
J．adj.
攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的
[答案] 1－5 CHEJA 6－10 DIBFG
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
A．举起
B．赠送；捐赠；暴露(自己的情况)
C．与……握手
D．(保持)警惕；站岗
E．达成协议；做成交易
F．不仅仅是
1．When
we
spend
the
Spring
Festival
happily
every
year，our
soldiers
are
still
on
guard
for
our
motherland.
2．I
think
we
could
undertake
to
make
a
deal
with
the
firm.
3．—Have
you
got
any
good
plans，Jack?
—Let's
go
to
the
charity
to
give
away
some
money
and
old
clothes.
4．When
asked
to
make
an
apology，he
held
up
his
head
and
said，“Apology?
Why？”
5．They
shook
hands
with
each
other
and
then
sat
down.
6．It
takes
more
than
money
to
help
those
in
need;
it
also
takes
love.
【答案】 1－6 DEBACF
If
you
say
the
word
“communication”，
most
people
think
of
words
and
sentences.
Although
these
are
very
important,
we
communicate
with
more
than
just
spoken
and
written
words.
Indeed,
body
positions
are
part
of
what
we
call
“body
language”．①
We
see
examples
of
unconscious
body
language
very
often,
yet
there
is
also
“learned”
body
language,
which
varies
from
culture
to
culture②.
说起“交流”这个词，大多数人会想到词语和句子。尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言交流。实际上，身体的姿态是我们所称的“肢体语言”的一部分。我们经常看到无意识的肢体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”肢体语言，“习得的”肢体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。
[助读讲解] ①本句中what
we
call
“body
language”为what引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
②which
varies
from
culture
to
culture是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“learned”
body
language。
We
use
“learned”
body
language
when
we
are
introduced
to
strangers.
Like
other
animals,
we
are
on
guard
until
we
know
it
is
safe
to
relax③.
So
every
culture
has
developed
a
formal
way
to
greet
strangers,
to
show
them
we
are
not
aggressive.④Traditionally,
Europeans
and
Americans
shake
hands.
They
do
this
with
the
right
hand
—
the
strongest
hand
for
most
people.
If
our
right
hand
is
busy
greeting
someone,
it
cannot
be
holding
a
weapon.
So
the
gesture
is
saying,
“I
trust
you.
Look,
I'm
not
carrying
a
threatening
weapon.
”
If
you
shake
hands
with
someone,
you
show
you
trust
them.
We
shake
hands
when
we
make
a
deal.
It
means,
“We
agree
and
we
trust
each
other.”
当我们被介绍给陌生人时，我们使用“习得的”肢体语言。和别的动物一样，除非我们感觉到很安全才会放松，否则将一直处于戒备状态。所以，每一种文化都形成了一种正规的方式来问候陌生人，以向他们表明我们并没有敌意。欧美人的传统是握手。他们握右手——右手对大多数人来说最有力。如果我们的右手忙着和别人打招呼，就不可能握有武器了。因此，这种手势的意思是：“我信任你。瞧，我没带威胁性的武器。”假如你和别人握手，就表明你信任他们。当我们达成协议时，我们握手。意思就是：“我们达成了协议，相互信任。”
[助读讲解] ③本句中until引导时间状语从句，其中it
is
safe
to
relax是宾语从句，作动词know的宾语；宾语从句中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
④本句中to
greet
strangers为不定式短语作定语修饰a
formal
way，to
show
them
we
are
not
aggressive为不定式短语作目的状语。
Greetings
in
Asian
countries
do
not
involve
touching
the
other
person,
but
they
always
involve
the
hands.
Traditionally
in
China,
when
we
greet
someone,
we
put
the
right
hand
over
the
left
and
bow
slightly.
Muslims
give
a
“salaam”，
where
they
touch
their
heart,
mouth
and
forehead⑤.
Hindus
join
their
hands
and
bow
their
heads
in
respect.
In
all
of
these
examples,
the
hands
are
busy
with
the
greeting
and
cannot
hold
a
weapon.
亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式是将右手放在左手上，稍稍躬身而行礼。穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触心、嘴和前额。印度人双手交合，恭敬地行合十礼。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。
[助读讲解] ⑤where
they
touch
...是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a
“salaam”。
Even
today,
when
some
people
have
very
informal
styles
of
greeting,
they
still
use
their
hands
as
a
gesture
of
trust.
American
youths
often
greet
each
other
with
the
expression,
“Give
me
five！”
One
person
then
holds
up
his
hand,
palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread⑥.
The
other
person
raises
his
hand
and
slaps
the
others'
open
hand
above
the
head
in
a
“high
five”.
Nowadays,
it
is
quite
a
common
greeting.
即使是现在，有些人在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。美国年轻人常常会用“来击个掌吧！”的表达打招呼。然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。现在，它是一种很常见的打招呼方式。
[助读讲解] ⑥palm
outwards
and
five
fingers
spread为两个并列的独立主格结构作状语。
Body
language
is
fascinating
for
anyone
to
study.⑦
People
give
away
much
more
by
their
gestures
than
by
their
words.
Look
at
your
friends
and
family
and
see
if
you
are
a
mind
reader⑧！
肢体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达的多得多。看看你的朋友和家人，试试你能否读懂他们的心事！
[助读讲解] ⑦本句为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋adj.＋(for
sb.)
to
do”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑧本句中if
you
are
a
mind
reader是if引导的宾语从句，作动词see的宾语，if意为“是否”，可用whether替换。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P22教材课文，匹配段落大意
( )1.Para.1
A．Greetings
in
Asian
countries.
( )2.Para.2
B．Ways
of
communication.
( )3.Para.3
C．Fascinating
body
language.
( )4.Para.4
D．Greetings
in
western
countries.
( )5.Para.5
E．American
youths'
greeting
today.
[答案] 1—5 BDAEC
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P22教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
does
the
word
“communication”
mean
in
the
passage?
A．Words
and
sentences.
B．Unconscious
body
language.
C．“Learned”
body
language.
D．All
of
the
above.
2．“Shaking
hands”
means
all
the
following
EXCEPT
“
”．
A．we
agree
and
we
trust
each
other
B．we
are
not
aggressive
C．we
respect
each
other
D．our
right
hands
are
the
strongest
3．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true?
A．Giving
a
“salaam”
is
a
kind
of
“learned”
body
language.
B．A
“high
five”
is
a
formal
style
of
greeting.
C．When
we
make
a
deal
we
shake
hands.
D．In
Asia，touching
each
other
when
they
meet
isn't
a
common
greeting.
4．Which
of
the
following
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
the
phrase
“give
away”
in
the
last
paragraph?
A．Give
sb.sth.for
free.
B．Throw
away.
C．Give
up.
D．Make
sth.known
to
sb.
5．According
to
the
text，if
you
want
to
be
a
mind
reader，what
will
you
do?
A．To
know
more
cultures.
B．Learn
more
body
language.
C．Learn
to
smile.
D．Communicate
with
others
by
words.
[答案] 1—5 DDBDB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P22教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
We
communicate
1.with
more
than
just
spoken
and
written
words.We
also
need
to
learn
body
language，which
2.varies(vary)
from
culture
to
culture.
3．Traditionally
(traditional)，Europeans
and
Americans
shake
4.hands(hand)
with
their
right
hand，which
means
“I
trust
you.Look，I
am
not
carrying
a
5.threatening
(threaten)
weapon.”
They
also
shake
hands
when
they
make
6.a
deal.In
China，we
put
the
right
hand
over
the
left
and
bow
7.slightly
(slight)
when
we
greet
someone
8.while
Muslims
give
a
“salaam”．Hindus
join
their
hands
and
bow
their
heads
in
respect.The
expression
“Give
me
five！”
is
also
a
gesture
for
American
youths
to
greet
one
another.Body
language
is
fascinating
for
anyone
9.to
study
(study)．You
can
give
10.away
much
more
by
gestures
than
by
words.So
look
at
your
friends
and
family
to
see
if
you
are
a
mind
reader.
PAGEModule
3
Body
Language
and
Non-Verbal
Communication
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P29教材课文，写出文章的主题
The
text
is
about
the
reason
why
we
clap
and
the
history
of
clapping,
the
features
of
applause．
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P29教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
did
applause
mean
in
classical
Athens?
A．Happiness
and
thanks.
B．Welcome
and
happiness.
C．Judgement
and
taking
part.
D．Competition
and
joy.
2．Which
word
can
replace
the
word
“hold”
in
Paragraph
2?
A．Take. B．Seat. C．Bring. D．Use.
3．Which
is
NOT
true
about
clapping?
A．We
clap
to
show
we
like
something.
B．Clapping
has
a
long
history.
C．Clapping
is
infectious.
D．British
people
clap
at
a
funeral.
4．In
this
passage，the
writer
intends
to
．
A．encourage
us
to
clap
at
the
end
of
a
live
performance
B．tell
us
what
clapping
and
applause
mean
in
different
cultures
C．introduce
to
us
about
the
history
of
clapping
D．warn
us
to
be
careful
about
the
occasions
when
we
can
clap
[答案] 1—4 CBDB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P29教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Applause
was
1.a
sign
of
being
part
of
the
community,
and
of
2.equality(equal)
between
actors
and
audience.
The
important
thing
was
3.to
make(make)
the
noise
together,
to
add
one's
own
small
handclap
4.to
others.
Clapping
is
5.social(society),
like
laughter:
you
don't
very
often
clap
or
laugh
out
loud
alone.
It
is
like
laughter
in
another
way,
too:
it
is
infectious,
and
6.spreads(spread)
very
quickly.
7.Clapping(clap)
at
concerts
and
theatres
is
a
universal
habit.
But
some
8.occasions(occasion)
on
which
people
clap
change
from
one
country
to
9.another.
For
example,
in
Britain
people
clap
at
a
wedding,
10.but/while
in
Italy
they
sometimes
clap
at
a
funeral.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．We
need
to
learn
how
to
be
polite
when
we
make
requests(请求)．
2．The
crowd
panicked(恐慌)
at
the
sound
of
the
guns.
3．There
was
a
blank(茫然的)
look
on
his
face
because
he
did
not
know
the
answer.
4．At
the
end
of
the
party,
we
thanked
our
host(主人)
and
went
away.
5．It's
bad
manners
to
stare
at
people
in
the
face
for
a
long
time.
6．Do
you
prefer
to
watch
football
matches
on
TV
or
watch
a
live
one?
7．The
young
man
is
so
tall
that
he
has
to
bend
in
order
to
get
into
the
room.
8．Let's
toast
the
friendship
between
the
two
countries.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．religion
n.
宗教→religious
adj.
宗教的
2．rude
adj.
粗鲁的；无礼的→rudeness
n.
粗鲁；无礼
3．invite
v.
邀请→invitation
n.
邀请
4．favour
n.
恩惠；善意的行为→favourite
adj.
特别喜爱的
5．perform
v.
表演→performer
n.
表演者→performance
n.
表演
6．judge
v.
判断→judgement
n.
判断；意见
7．equal
adj.
平等的；相等的→equally
adv.
平等地；相等地→equality
n.
平等
8．social
adj.
社会的→society
n.
社会
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．lift
up
举起
2．up
and
down
一上一下地，上上下下
3．by
accident
偶然地
4．say
hello
to
向……问好
5．switch
on
打开(灯、无线电等)
6．stare
at
注视，盯着
7．touch
sb.on
the
head
摸某人的头
8．be
rude
to
对……粗鲁
9．on
earth
究竟，到底
10．in
competition
with
与……竞争
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He
paced
up
and
down
restlessly，trying
to
put
his
thoughts
in
order.
2．I
don't
know
whether
he
did
it
by
accident
or
by
design.
3．The
girl
didn't
have
the
strength
to
lift
up
the
box
filled
with
fruit.
4．We
are
in
competition
with
several
other
companies
for
the
contract.
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.In
France
you
should
shake
hands
every
time
you
say
hello
and
goodbye.在法国，每当你问好和说再见时，都应该握手。
every
time引导的时间状语从句。
每次看到老师站在我旁边，我都会紧张。Every
time
I
saw
the
teacher
standing
near
me,
I
felt
nervous.
2.Without
us
—
the
audience
—
the
performance
would
not
be
complete.如果没有我们——观众——演出就是不完整的。
包含“without＋名词”的含蓄条件句。
没有空气的话，人类将不能在地球上生存。Without
air,
man
couldn't
exist
on
the
earth.
3.But
some
occasions
on
which
people
clap
change
from
one
country
to
another.但是人们鼓掌的一些场合因国家的不同而有所不同。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
我和孩子们待在一起过一天的时候很少。Occasions
are
quite
rare
on
which
I
have
the
time
to
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.
stare
vi.凝视，盯着看(常与at搭配)
(教材P24)If
you
stare
at
someone
you
look
at
them
for
a
long
time.
如果你盯着某个人，你长时间看着他们。
stare
at
sb./sth.
盯着某人/某物
stare
sb.
in
the
face
盯着某人的脸看
stare
sb.
up
and
down
上下打量某人
①I
screamed
and
everyone
stared.
我尖叫一声，众人都盯着我看。
②The
old
man
stared
the
uninvited
guest
up
and
down.
老人把不速之客上下打量了一番。
③Then
you
usually
lay
there
just
staring
at
the
ceiling，thinking
about
everything
that
could
go
wrong.那时你经常躺在那儿眼睛盯着天花板，思考任何可能出错的事情。
lift
up举起；提高
(教材P24)If
you
raise
your
hand
you
lift
it
up.
如果你举起手，你就举起它。
lift
off
(火箭、导弹等)发射；(飞机等)升空
give
sb.
a
lift
(让某人)搭便车
①Lift
up
your
voice
to
make
everyone
hear
you.
提高声音以便让每个人都能听见你说话。
②The
rocket
lifted
off
from
the
launching
pad.
那枚火箭从发射台腾空而起。
③I'll
give
you
a
lift
back
to
London.
我让你搭我的车回伦敦。
by
accident偶然地
(教材P25)In
Thailand
you
mustn't
touch
someone
on
the
head，even
by
accident.
在泰国，你不能碰别人的头，即使偶然也不行。
on
purpose＝by
design＝deliberately 故意地，有意地
by
accident＝by
chance＝accidentally
偶然
①In
fact，whether
by
accident
or
design,
your
words
hurt
me
terribly.事实上，无论是偶然还是刻意为之，你说的话深深地伤害了我。
②The
crowd
clapped.I
think
they
believed
I'd
done
it
on
purpose.
观众鼓起掌来，我想他们以为我是故意这样做的。
③My
father
accidentally(accident)
locked
me
out
of
the
house.
我爸爸不小心把我锁在了门外。
panic
v．&n.恐慌，惊慌
(教材P26)If
your
mind
goes
blank，try
not
to
panic.
如果你的脑子里一片空白，尽量不要惊慌。
(1)in
(a)
panic
处于惊慌中
get
into
a
panic
陷入惊慌中
(2)panic
sb.
into
doing
sth.
使某人惊慌地做某事
①There's
no
point
getting
into
a
panic
about
the
exam.It's
not
as
difficult
as
you
imagine.对考试惊慌失措是没有用的，它并不像你想象的那样难。
②Shoppers
fled
the
street
in
panic
after
two
bombs
exploded
in
central
London.
两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。
③The
war
broke
out
and
many
people
were
panicked
into
leaving(leave)
the
country.
战争爆发了，吓得许多人离开了这个国家。
[名师点津]
panic的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要把c变成ck，再加?ed或?ing。相似的词还有：picnic—picnicked—picnicking。
request
n．&vt.请求，要求
(教材P28)Mr
and
Mrs
Harry
Blunkett
request
the
pleasure
of
your
company
at
the
wedding
of
their
daughter
...哈里·布伦基特夫妇非常荣幸地邀请您来参加他们女儿的婚礼……
(1)make
(a)
request
for...
请求；要求……
at
sb.'s
request＝at
the
request
of
sb.
应某人的要求
(2)request
sb.to
do
sth.
要求某人做某事
request
that
...(should)
do
sth.
要求……做某事
It
is
requested
that
...(should)
do
sth.
据要求……
①He
attended
the
meeting
at
the
request
of
his
boss.
在老板的要求下他参加了会议。
②My
parents
requested
that
I
(should)
learn
a
second
foreign
language.＝My
parents
requested
me
to
learn
a
second
foreign
language.
我父母要求我再学一门外语。
③They
have
made
an
urgent
request
for
international
aid.他们紧急要求国际援助。
[名师点津]
request后的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should)＋do形式。
favour
n．恩惠；善意的行为；帮忙；偏爱，支持
(教材P28)Can
I
ask
you
a
favour?
能请你帮我一个忙吗？
ask
sb.
a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb. 请某人帮忙
do
sb.
a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人一个忙
in
favour
of
赞成；支持
in
one's
favour
对某人有利
owe
sb.
a
favour
欠某人一个人情
①Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
turn
off
that
light?
劳您的驾，请把那盏灯关掉好吗？
②The
exchange
rate
is
not
in
our
favour
at
the
moment.目前汇率对我们不利。
③He
abandoned
teaching
in
favour
of
a
career
as
a
musician.他弃教从事音乐。
live
adj.现场的，现场直播的；活的
v．生活，生存；居住
(教材P29)We
clap
at
the
end
of
a
live
performance，such
as
a
play，or
a
concert，to
say
thank
you
to
the
performers.我们在现场表演，如戏剧或音乐会结束时鼓掌，以表示对演出者的感谢。
[图形助记]
①Many
people
are
against
doing
experiment
on
live
animals.
很多人反对在活体动物身上做实验。
[明辨异同] live，living，lively，alive
live
“活的；现场的”，多指物
living
“活着的，在世的”，既可指人也可指物
lively
“活泼的，有生气的”
alive
“活着的”，常作表语、补语、后置定语
live，living，lively，alive
②He
has
been
missing
for
a
long
time.No
one
knows
whether
he
is
dead
or
alive．
③The
living
are
more
important
to
us
than
the
dead.
④There
is
going
to
be
a
live
New
Year
Concert
on
TV
this
afternoon.
⑤Please
introduce
me
to
the
lively
girl.
(教材P25)In
France
you
should
shake
hands
every
time
you
say
hello
and
goodbye.
在法国，每当你问好和说再见时，都应该握手。
【要点提炼】 every
time是引导时间状语从句的连词。
(1)在英语中有许多含有
time
的短语都可作连词，引导时间状语从句，如
each
time，next
time，last
time，by
the
time，the
first
time
等。
(2)起连词作用，引导时间状语从句的名词短语和副词有：
一……就……
①Each/Every
time
he
did
an
experiment，he
made
a
lot
of
preparations.
每次做实验，他都做很多准备工作。
②The
first
time
I
interviewed
him，he
looked
a
bit
nervous.
我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。
③He
paid
back
the
money
he
owed
us
immediately(immediate)
he
returned
home.
他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。
(教材P29)Without
us—the
audience—the
performance
would
not
be
complete.
如果没有我们——观众——演出就是不完整的。
【要点提炼】 本句为含蓄条件句，without
引出介宾短语表示含蓄条件，此处without
us相当于if
it
were
not
for
us。
在含蓄条件句中，虚拟条件常由but
for，otherwise，or，but等引出，而句子的谓语形式与同等虚拟条件下虚拟条件句的主句的谓语形式相同：对现在的虚拟，用“should/could/would/might＋do”；对过去的虚拟，用“should/could/would/might＋have
done”。
①We
couldn't
have
finished
the
work
in
time
without
your
help
(＝
if
we
hadn't
got
your
help)．
没有你的帮助我们不会及时完成这项工作。
②She
wasn't
feeling
well.Otherwise
she
wouldn't
have
left
(leave)
the
meeting
so
early.
她那时感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场。
③I
would
have
gone(go)
to
my
cousin's
birthday
party
last
night，but
I
was
not
available.
我昨晚本来要参加表哥的生日宴会，但没抽出身来。
(教材P29)But
some
occasions
on
which
people
clap
change
from
one
country
to
another.但是人们鼓掌的一些场合因国家的不同而有所不同。
【要点提炼】 本句中on
which
people
clap是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词some
occasions，occasion为“场合；时机”；表示抽象的时间或地点。on
which在定语从句中作时间或地点状语，相当于关系副词when或where。
①I
often
think
of
those
occasions
on
which
we
had
a
happy
time
together.
＝I
often
think
of
those
occasions
when
we
had
a
happy
time
together.
我经常想起那些我们在一起度过的快乐时光。
②What're
the
occasions
on
which
the
word
can
be
used?
＝What're
the
occasions
where
the
word
can
be
used?
这个词可以被用到什么场合？
[名师点津]
situation，case表示“情形，情况”，其后接定语从句时要用in
which或where引导。
③You
could
get
into
a
situation
where/in
which
you
have
to
decide
immediately.
你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻做出决定。
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1．I
couldn't
have
gone
(go)
through
that
bitter
period
without
your
generous
help.
2．When
he
heard
his
name
called,
he
lifted(lift)
up
his
eyes
from
his
book.
3．He
came
to
see
me
immediately
(immediate)
he
came
back.
4．Everyone
in
the
building
panicked(panic)
when
the
fire
alarm
went
off.
5．Among
the
members
of
the
committee
those
who
are
in
favour
of
the
plan
are
in
the
majority.
6．He
got
a
wedding
invitation(invite)
from
his
friend
and
felt
very
happy.
7．I
don't
know
whether
they
did
it
by
accident
or
on
purpose.
8．Don't
respond
to
any
e?mails
requesting(request)
personal
information,
no
matter
how
official
they
look.
9．I
stared
at
the
door
and
wondered
why
she
didn't
turn
up.
10．Finally,
after
weeks
of
preparation,
I
would
show
off
all
my
hard
work
in
a
dance
performance(perform)．
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1．每当我看到这张照片时，我总想起在大学的美好时光。
Every
time
I
see
the
photo,
I
always
think
of
the
wonderful
time
in
university.
2．我与孩子们共度一天的时候十分罕见。
Occasions
are
quite
rare
when/on
which
I
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.
3．当她想起了忘了带护照时，陷入了恐慌。
She
got
into
a
panic
when
she
thought
of
she
had
forgotten
the
passport.
4．要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
Without
your
help,
I
couldn't
have
won
the
first
place
in
the
English
Speaking
Competition.
5．如果你能帮助我我将感激不尽。
I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
could
do
me
a
favour/do
a
favour
for
me．
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