Module
4
Great
Scientists
课时分层作业(八)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．New
York
City
is
known
for
its
tall
buildings
and
busy
lifestyle.
2．The
government
has
been
in
power
for
ten
years.
3．Mike
often
attempts
to
escape
being
fined
(fine)
whenever
he
breaks
traffic
rules.
4．You'll
surely
see
your
improvement
if
you
keep
your
attention
paid
(pay)
to
the
study.
5．She
threw
the
toy
on
the
ground，breaking
(break)
it
into
pieces.
6．There
is
not
enough
time，so
we
can
touch
on
it
only
briefly
(brief)
here.
7．It
is
reported
that
a
new
shopping
mall
is
being
built
(build)
in
the
city
at
present.
8．I'd
like
to
speak
to
Mr.Davis
about
a
personal
(person)
matter，but
he
is
so
busy
now.
9．The
fire
caused
by
the
explosion
(explode)
has
burned
for
five
hours.
10．The
railway
had
been
built
(build)
by
the
end
of
last
year.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He
is
known
by
everyone
as
a
fair
judge.by→to
2．She
graduated
in
Wuhan
University
this
year.in→from
3．To
my
surprise，he
could
escape
that
big
fire.escape后加from
4．The
plane
is
believed
to
flying
higher
than
a
bird.flying→fly
5．It
rained
heavily，caused
severe
flooding
in
that
country.caused→causing
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
John
von
Neumann
was
the
oldest
of
3
children
of
a
banker，and
his
speed
of
learning
new
ideas
and
of
solving
problems
stood
out
early.At
17，his
father
tried
to
persuade
him
not
to
become
a
mathematician
because
he
may
lead
a
poor
life
being
a
mathematician，and
so
von
Neumann
agreed
to
study
chemistry
as
well.In
1926，at
23，he
received
a
degree
in
chemical
engineering
and
a
Ph.D.in
mathematics.From
then
on，mathematics
provided
well
enough
for
him，and
he
never
had
to
turn
to
chemistry.
In
1930，von
Neumann
visited
Princeton
University
for
a
year
and
then
became
a
professor
there.His
first
book
was
published
in
1932.In
1933，the
Institute
for
Advanced
Study
was
formed，and
he
became
one
of
the
6
full?time
people
in
the
School
of
Mathematics(Einstein
was
one
of
the
others)．
World
War
Ⅱ
hugely
changed
von
Neumann's
areas
of
interest.Until
1940
he
had
been
a
great
pure(纯粹的)
mathematician.During
and
after
the
war，he
became
one
of
the
best
mathematicians
who
put
mathematics
theories
into
practice.During
the
last
part
of
the
war
he
became
interested
in
computing
machines
and
made
several
fundamental
contributions.After
the
war，von
Neumann
continued
his
work
with
computers，and
was
generally
very
active
in
government
service.He
received
many
awards，was
president
of
the
American
Mathematical
Society
and
was
a
member
of
the
Atomic
Energy
Commission.He
died
in
1957
of
cancer.
Von
Neumann
made
several
great
contributions
and
any
one
of
them
would
have
been
enough
to
earn
him
a
firm
place
in
history.He
will
be
remembered
as
one
of
the
greatest
minds
of
the
20th
century.
Von
Neumann
really
was
a
legend(传奇)
in
his
own
time，and
there
are
a
number
of
stories
about
him.His
driving
ability
is
a
part
of
this
legend.He
reported
one
accident
this
way：“I
was
driving
down
the
road.The
trees
on
the
right
were
passing
me
in
an
orderly
fashion
at
60
miles
per
hour.Suddenly
one
of
them
stepped
in
my
path.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了伟大的数学家John
von
Neumann(约翰·冯·诺依曼)的生平事迹。
1．According
to
the
text，von
Neumann's
father
believed
that
．
A．a
mathematician
couldn't
earn
a
lot
of
money
B．a
mathematician
needed
a
good
memory
C．von
Neumann
had
the
ability
to
learn
two
subjects
at
the
same
time
D．von
Neumann
had
a
gift
for
solving
problems
at
a
high
speed
A [细节理解题。根据第一段“his
father
tried
to
persuade
him
not
to
become
a
mathematician
because
he
may
lead
a
poor
life
being
a
mathematician”可知，他的父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫。]
2．Von
Neumann
published
his
first
book
at
the
age
of
．
A．23
B．26
C．29
D．32
C [推理判断题。根据第一段“In
1926，at
23...”和第二段“His
first
book
was
published
in
1932”不难得出，他29岁时出版了第一本书。]
3．How
did
World
War
Ⅱ
affect
John
von
Neumann?
A．He
realized
the
importance
of
engineering.
B．He
began
to
research
how
to
put
mathematics
into
practice.
C．He
left
college
and
served
at
the
government
department.
D．He
lost
interest
in
chemistry.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，二战使他的兴趣从纯粹数学领域转到了应用数学领域。]
4．From
the
last
paragraph，we
can
infer
John
von
Neumann
was
．
A．calm
B．brave
C．intelligent
D．humorous
D [推理判断题。他在描述自己的事故时，将自己与树木之间的动与静的状态颠倒，让人忍俊不禁，由此可见他很幽默。]
B
Alzheimer's
disease(老年痴呆症)
affects
millions
of
people
around
the
world.American
researchers
say
the
disease
will
affect
more
than
one
hundred
million
people
worldwide
by
the
year
2050.That
would
be
four
times
the
current
number.Researchers
and
doctors
have
been
studying
Alzheimer's
patients
for
a
century.Yet
the
cause
and
the
cure
for
the
mental
sickness
are
still
unknown.However，some
researchers
have
made
important
steps
towards
understanding
it．
Several
early
signs
of
the
disease
involve
memory
and
thought
processes.At
first，patients
have
trouble
remembering
little
things.Later，they
have
trouble
remembering
more
important
things，such
as
the
names
of
their
children.
There
are
also
some
physical
tests
that
might
show
who
is
at
risk
of
developing
Alzheimer's
disease.The
tests
look
for
proteins
in
brain
and
spinal
cord(脊髓)
fluid.The
proteins
appear
to
be
found
only
in
people
with
the
disease.The
protein
tests
correctly
identify
the
presence
of
the
disease
in
about
ninety
percent
of
patients.
Now，a
much
simpler
physical
test
to
predict
Alzheimer's
risk
has
been
developed.Researchers
found
that
trouble
with
the
sense
of
smell
can
be
one
of
the
first
signs
of
Alzheimer's.Using
this
information，they
developed
a
test
in
which
people
were
asked
to
identify
twelve
familiar
smells.These
smells
included
cinnamon，black
pepper，chocolate，paint
thinner，and
smoke.
The
study
continued
for
five
years.During
this
period，the
same
people
were
asked
to
take
several
tests
measuring
their
memory
and
thought
abilities.Fifty
percent
of
those
who
could
not
identify
at
least
four
of
the
smells
in
the
first
test
had
trouble
with
their
memory
and
thinking
in
the
next
five
years.
Another
study
has
shown
a
possible
way
to
reduce
a
person's
chances
of
developing
Alzheimer's
disease
in
old
age.Researchers
in
Chicago
found
that
people
who
use
their
brains
more
often
are
less
likely
to
develop
Alzheimer's
disease.Those
who
read
a
newspaper，or
play
chess
or
word
games
are
about
three
times
less
likely
to
develop
the
condition.
Researchers
say
they
still
do
not
know
what
causes
Alzheimer's
disease.But
they
say
these
findings
might
help
prevent
the
disease
in
the
future.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述的是关于老年痴呆的调查。
5．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．Some
early
signs
of
the
Alzheimer's
disease.
B．Some
physical
tests
about
Alzheimer's
disease.
C．The
research
about
Alzheimer's
disease.
D．The
patients
of
Alzheimer's
disease.
C [主旨大意题。根据短文第一段最后一句可知本文主要讨论的是关于老年痴呆的调查，故选C。]
6．What's
the
current
number
of
Alzheimer's
patients?
A．100
million.
B．25
million.
C．400
million.
D．2，050
million.
B [细节理解题。由第一段第二句到2050年老人痴呆症病人的人数会达到100
million，也就是现在的4倍，现在的人数就是25
million，故选B。]
7．What
is
not
the
early
signs
of
the
Alzheimer's
disease
according
to
the
passage?
A．Poor
memory.
B．Proteins
exist
in
the
brain.
C．Trouble
with
the
sense
of
smell.
D．Less
use
of
the
brain.
D [细节理解题。根据短文倒数第二段第二句“Researchers
in
Chicago...are
less
likely
to
develop
Alzheimer's
disease.”可知少用脑只会更容易得老年痴呆症，而不是它的早期特征，故选D。]
8．What
does
the
underlined
word“it”in
Paragraph
1
refer
to?
A．Alzheimer's
disease.
B．Alzheimer's
patients.
C．The
cause
and
the
cure.
D．The
research.
A [词义猜测题。根据短文第一段第四句“Researchers
and
doctors
have
been
studying
Alzheimer's
patients...understanding
it．”可知it指代上文的老年痴呆症，故选A。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear
Wang
Lin，
I'm
sorry
to
know
that
you
are
facing
some
problems.It's
naturally
for
someone
to
meet
with
different
kinds
of
problems
when
he
first
studied
abroad.The
language
problem
is
the
first
one.But
I'm
sure
you'll
soon
be
able
to
use
the
language
well，so
I
know
you're
a
quick
learner.Being
sure
to
take
every
possible
chance
to
practise
your
oral
English，that
will
do
good
to
you.The
second
problem
is
usually
the
change
of
eating
habit.Not
everyone
can
get
accustom
to
a
different
diet，so
why
not
to
cook
meals
by
yourself?
Studying
abroad
is
big
challenge
to
you，but
it's
really
interested.
Best
wishes!
Yours，
Li
Hua
【答案】
Dear
Wang
Lin，
I'm
sorry
to
know
that
you
are
facing
some
problems.It's
for
someone
to
meet
with
different
kinds
of
problems
when
he
first
abroad.The
language
problem
is
the
first
one.But
I'm
sure
you'll
soon
be
able
to
use
the
language
well，
I
know
you're
a
quick
learner.
sure
to
take
every
possible
chance
to
practise
your
oral
English，
will
do
good
to
you.The
second
problem
is
usually
the
change
of
eating
.Not
everyone
can
get
to
a
different
diet，so
why
not
cook
meals
by
yourself?
Studying
abroad
is
big
challenge
to
you，but
it's
really
.
Best
wishes!
Yours，
Li
Hua
PAGEModule
4
Great
Scientists
课时分层作业(七)
[语言知识练习固基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
never
studies
hard，resulting
(result)
in
his
failure.
2．Why
did
you
have
to
bring
up
the
subject
of
money?
3．The
old
man
came
in，supported
(support)by
his
son.
4．There
are
two
ways
to
work
(work)out
the
maths
problem.
5．In
face
of
increasing
energy
limits,
China
needs
a
major
breakthrough
in
mining
and
exploration.
6．There
are
large
quantities
(quantity)of
rain
in
this
area.
7．He
is
a
man
of
little
education(educate)．
8．Teachers
will
never
be
replaced(replace)
by
computers
in
the
classroom.
9．The
present
situation
is
very
complex，so
I
think
it
will
take
me
some
time
to
figure
out
its
reality.
10．The
key
to
keeping
(keep)
this
country
a
comfortable
and
clean
place
to
live
in
is
to
control
industrial
pollution.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．No
one
can
replace
her
father
in
her
heart.
→No
one
can
take
the
place
of
her
father
in
her
heart.
2．He
was
caught
drunk
driving.
As
a
result,
he
was
put
into
prison.
→He
was
put
into
prison
as
a
result
of
drunk
driving.
3．A
large
quantity
of
sand
has
been
washed
away
by
the
heavy
rain.
→Large
quantities
of
sand
have
been
washed
away
by
the
heavy
rain.
4．Most
people
in
the
town
support
the
plan
to
build
a
playground
for
children.
→Most
people
in
the
town
are
in
support
of
the
plan
to
build
a
playground
for
children.
5．We
plan
to
build
another
middle
school
for
the
peasants'
children.
→Our
plan
is
to
build
another
middle
school
for
the
peasants'
children.
[高考题型练习提能力]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It
might
be
difficult
to
accept，but
a
new
way
to
live
happily
with
teenagers
is
for
parents
to
look
at
their
own
behaviour.
“The
key
to
getting
teenagers
to
respect
you
is
to
respect
them
first，”
says
Penny
Palmano，who
has
written
a
best?selling
book
on
teenagers.“You
can't
continue
to
treat
them
the
same
way
that
you
have
been
treating
them
for
the
last
12
years：they
have
opinions
that
count.Imagine
if
you'd
spent
two
hours
getting
ready
to
go
out
for
the
evening
and
someone
said，‘You're
not
going
out
looking
like
that，are
you？’
You'd
be
very
upset
and
you'd
never
say
that
to
an
adult.”
Palmano，who
has
two
daughters
aged
19
and
16，has
even
allowed
the
children
to
hold
several
teenage
parties
at
her
home.“I've
found
that
if
you
have
brought
them
up
to
do
the
right
thing，and
then
believe
in
them，usually
they'll
behave
well，”
she
says.“I
make
them
sandwiches
and
leave
them
alone.But
I
make
it
clear
that
they
have
to
clean
up.I've
never
had
a
problem；in
fact，the
kitchen
was
sometimes
cleaner
than
I'd
left
it.”
She
agrees
that
teenagers
can
be
annoying：enjoying
a
world
that
is
free
of
responsibility，yet
in
great
need
of
independence.She
doesn't
think，however，that
they
are
trying
to
annoy
you.Until
recently，scientists
discovered
that
the
part
of
the
brain
that
controls
common
sense
and
feelings
is
not
fully
developed
until
the
early
twenties.
“This
would
explain
why
many
teenagers
can't
make
good
decisions，control
their
feelings，or
focus
on
several
different
things
at
the
same
time，”
says
Palmano.
She
suggests
showing
a
bit
of
consideration
when
it
comes
to
other
things，too.“Don't
criticise(批评)
teenagers
for
having
an
untidy
room，then
suddenly
criticise
them
for
other
things.On
these
occasions(场合)，parents
are
likely
to
mention
all
the
other
things
that
they
may
or
may
not
have
done
wrong.”
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了父母如何与青少年友好相处。
1．With
children
growing
up
to
be
teenagers，parents
．
A．are
more
likely
to
treat
them
like
adults
B．are
more
willing
to
accept
their
opinions
C．should
show
more
consideration
for
them
D．become
more
worried
about
their
relationship
C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The
key
to
getting
teenagers
to
respect
you
is
to
respect
them
first”和“You
can't
continue
to
treat
them
the
same
way
that
you
have
been
treating
them
for
the
last
12
years”可知，当孩子处于青少年阶段时，家长应该多顾及孩子的情绪等需要。]
2．Palmano
mentions
her
daughters'
holding
parties
at
home
to
show
the
importance
of
．
A．trust
B．care
C．listening
D．communication
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中的believe
in
them可知，Palmano举自己女儿在家举办派对的事例是想说明家长对孩子信任的重要性。]
3．In
Palmano's
opinion，teenagers
．
A．aren't
annoying
at
all
B．don't
cause
trouble
on
purpose
C．have
a
strong
sense
of
responsibility
D．have
problems
expressing
their
feelings
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She
doesn't
think，however，that
they
are
trying
to
annoy
you”以及下一段中Palmano说的“This
would
explain
why
many
teenagers...”可知，Palmano认为青少年并不是存心找茬。]
4．We
can
infer
from
the
last
paragraph
that
parents
．
A．should
learn
to
hide
their
feelings
B．expect
too
much
from
their
children
C．should
choose
their
arguments
carefully
D．usually
criticise
their
children
too
heavily
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Palmano想指出：家长应该慎重选择批评的内容，切忌劈头盖脸地胡乱批评。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
I
went
to
Frankfurt
for
a
conference
last
spring.It
was
just
a
one?day
1
，but
I
thought
I'd
2
for
a
night
so
I
could
do
a
bit
of
sightseeing.Anyway，I
3
early
on
a
Friday
morning
flight
and
got
there
a
couple
of
hours
later.It
was
4
that
a
friend
was
waiting
to
pick
me
up.We
took
a
taxi
to
the
5
and
she
showed
me
around.She
had
to
get
back
to
her
6
soon
after
that
since
it
was
a
workday，so
we
said
7
．
It
was
still
early，so
I
thought
I'd
look
around
a
bit
8
checking
into
the
hotel.Then
I
walked
through
the
city
centre
9
．Around
1
pm，I
had
a
sandwich
and
then
10
I
ought
to
get
over
to
the
hotel.I
followed
the
11
I'd
printed
off
to
where
the
hotel
should
have
been，but
when
I
12
there，there
was
a
sign
on
the
door
that
said
it
was
13
．I'd
booked
it
a
few
months
earlier，but
it
seemed
to
have
closed
down
since
then.
14
，I'd
already
paid
half
the
money
up
in
advance.I
15
to
get
into
another
hotel，but
16
all
the
other
hotels
in
the
area
were
full.After
about
three
hours
of
17
，I
decided
that
I'd
had
enough
so
I
18
my
friend
and
told
her
what
had
happened.She
was
very
19
and
agreed
to
put
me
up
for
the
night.I
slept
on
the
sofa，which
was
a
bit
20
，but
at
least
I
had
somewhere
to
stay!
I
was
very
thankful
for
her
offer!
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者去外地开会，住宿却出了意外。
1．A.camp
B．course
C．event
D．celebration
C [由上文的a
conference可知，去开会也就是一天的“事情(event)”。]
2．A.go
out
B．stop
over
C．dress
up
D．stay
up
B [由下文的I
could
do
a
bit
of
sightseeing可知，作者想在法兰克福“停留(stop
over)”一晚以便逛一逛。]
3．A.got
up
B．came
out
C．set
off
D．moved
away
C [由下文的got
there
a
couple
of
hours
later可知，作者周五一早就坐飞机“出发(set
off)”了。]
4．A.great
B．terrible
C．strange
D．important
A [由下文的a
friend
was
waiting
to
pick
me
up可知，作者的朋友在那里接她，所以这是一件“好(great)”事。]
5．A.school
B．library
C．company
D．downtown
D [由上文的sightseeing和下文的she
showed
me
around可知，作者和朋友坐出租车去了“市中心(downtown)”。]
6．A.bed
B．office
C．table
D．party
B [由下文的it
was
a
workday可知，作者的朋友必须得回去上班了，故填office。]
7．A.goodbye
B．thanks
C．hello
D．sorry
A [作者要和朋友告别了，故填goodbye。]
8．A.after
B．while
C．unless
D．before
D [由上文的It
was
still
early和下文的Around
1
pm，...I
ought
to
get
over
to
the
hotel可知，作者打算到宾馆办理住宿手续前先去逛一逛，故填before。]
9．A.quickly
B．secretly
C．slowly
D．hopelessly
C [然后，作者在市里面“慢悠悠地(slowly)”闲逛起来。]
10．A.forgot
B．decided
C．agreed
D．insisted
B [由下文的I
followed
the...I'd
printed
off
to
where
the
hotel
should
have
been可知，作者吃过三明治后“决定(decide)”去宾馆。]
11．A.map
B．letter
C．signs
D．rules
A [由下文的to
where
the
hotel
should
have
been可知，作者把“地图(map)”打印出来了。]
12．A.left
B．worked
C．waited
D．arrived
D [由下文的I'd
booked
it
a
few
months
earlier，but
it
seemed
to
have
closed
down
since
then可知，当作者“到达(arrive)”宾馆后发现它已经“关闭(shut)”了。]
13．A.noisy
B．expensive
C．shut
D．untidy
C [解析见下题。]
14．A.Luckily
B．Stupidly
C．Finally
D．Possibly
B [由下文的I'd
already
paid
half
the
money
up
in
advance可知，作者已经提前付了一半费用而这家宾馆现在却关闭了，所以她觉得自己很“傻(stupidly)”。]
15．A.tried
B．failed
C．refused
D．regretted
A [由后面的all
the
other
hotels
in
the
area
were
full可知，作者“试图(try)”去联系另一家宾馆，让她“吃惊的(surprisingly)”是其他所有宾馆都满了。]
16．A.interestingly
B．necessarily
C．encouragingly
D．surprisingly
D [解析见下题。]
17．A.training
B．performing
C．walking
around
D．showing
off
C [作者走了大约三个小时，到处找宾馆，故填walking
around。]
18．A.found
B．called
C．praised
D．believed
B [由下文的told
her
what
had
happened可知，作者给朋友打了电话，故填called。]
19．A.kind
B．brave
C．honest
D．clever
A [由下文的agreed
to
put
me
up
for
the
night可知，作者的朋友非常“友善(kind)”。]
20．A.boring
B．different
C．dangerous
D．uncomfortable
D [由上文的I
slept
on
the
sofa可知，睡在沙发上有点“不舒服(uncomfortable)”。]
PAGE
