九年级英语中考复习定语从句专题复习学案

九年级英语中考复习定语从句专题复习学案
一、语法详解
?定义：定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导
【关键词】定语从句
先行词
关系代词
关系副词
1、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：
The
man
who
/
that
I
saw
at
the
school
gate
yesterday
is
my
English
teacher.
先行词??????????????
定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
2、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
1）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系
2）关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：
I
am
waiting
for
the
boy
who
/that
is
wearing
a
red
coat.
（主语）
????????
先行词
关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
The
dictionary
that
/
which
my
sister
gave
me
last
Sunday
is
very
expensive.（宾语）
先行词???
关系代词
我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。
The
woman
is
his
mother
whose
name
is
Linda
Brown.
（定语）
????
???
先行词??
关系代词
那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。
That
is
the
house
where
my
father
used
to
live.（状语）
先行词
关系副词
那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。
3、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1）
who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
Yesterday
I
helped
an
old
man
who
/
that
lost
his
way.
（主语）
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr
Wang
is
the
man
（who
/
that
/
whom
）you
met
in
the
zoo
this
morning.（宾语）
王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。
注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2）
whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。如：
The
boy
whose
mother
is
ill
is
staying
at
home
to
look
after
her
today.
其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
I
have
a
story
book
whose
cover
is
red.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3）
which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
Football
is
a
game
which
/
that
is
liked
by
most
boys.
（主语）
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I
don’t
believe
the
news
which
/
that
Tom
won
the
game.
（宾语）
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
4、关系代词whom,
which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：
That
is
the
place
in
which
I
lived
for
five
years.
=That
is
the
place
which
/
that
I
lived
in
for
five
years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr
Zhang
is
the
man
for
whom
I
am
looking.
=Mr
Zhang
is
the
man
who
/
whom
/
that
I
am
looking
for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
5、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1）
先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.
如：
The
school
that
/
which
I
used
to
study
in
is
becoming
better
and
better.
（the
school
作了介词in的宾语。）
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where.
如：
The
place
where
the
accident
happened
isn’t
far
from
our
school.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
（定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the
accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。）
2）
只用that，不用which的情况。
（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：
This
is
the
tenth
gift
that
I
received
for
my
birthday.
这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：
That
is
the
most
exciting
game
that
I
have
ever
watched.
那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
（3）先行词是all,
little,
few,
something,
anything,
everything等不定代词时。如：
All
that
he
told
me
is
true.
他告诉我的一切是真实的。
（4）先行词被the
only修饰时。如：
The
only
thing
that
I
can
get
is
a
pen.
我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。
（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：
We
talked
about
the
people
and
the
things
that
we
were
interested
in.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3）
只用which，不用that的情况。
（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词＋关系代词which”引导。如：
The
thing
about
which
the
teacher
is
talking
is
very
important.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
（2）先行词本身是that,
those时，如：
What’s
that
which
is
flying
in
the
sky?
在天空中飞的那是什么？
总之，我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚，帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句，帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达，为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。
二、正误辨析
【误】
I
won't
tell
you
the
name
of
the
person
who
teach
me
English
【正】
I
won't
tell
you
the
name
of
the
person
who
teaches
me
English
【析】
在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who
应由
the
person
单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：I
who
am
a
student
want
to
find
a
spare
time
job这里的
who
应与
I
是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。
【误】
We
talked
about
the
things
and
the
people
who
we
met
during
the
Second
World
War
【正】
We
talked
about
the
things
and
the
people
that
we
met
during
the
Second
World
War
【析】
这里的关系代词不要用
who，因为其先行词有两个一个是
things
（物），而另一个是people（人），这时既不可用
who，又不可用
which，因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用
that，
因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。
【误】
The
book，that
I
bought
yesterday，was
very
good
【正】
The
book，which
I
bought
yesterday，was
very
good
【析】
先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有
that
不易用于非限制性定语从句。
【误】
The
dictionary
which
I
lent
it
yesterday
is
a
very
useful
tool
【正】
The
dictionary
which
I
lent
yesterday
is
a
very
useful
tool
【析】
关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。
【误】
The
teacher
I
want
to
learn
English
from
is
the
one
which
comes
from
America
【正】
The
teacher
I
want
to
learn
English
from
is
the
one
who
comes
from
America
【析】
the
one，anyone，those作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用which应用who。
【误】
This
is
the
room
in
that
the
old
man
lives
【正】
This
is
the
room
in
which
the
old
man
lives
【正】
This
is
the
room
which
the
old
man
lives
in
【正】
This
is
the
room
that
the
old
man
lives
in
【析】
that
不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用
that
作引导词，而且可以省略。如：
This
is
the
room
the
old
man
lives
in
【误】
I
can
do
everything
which
is
good
for
you
【正】
I
can
do
everything
that
is
good
for
you
【析】
在先行词是
all，
much，
little，
something，
everything，
anything，
nothing，
none，
the
one
等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用
which
而用
that
作定语从句的引导词。
【误】
The
only
thing
which
the
students
can
do
is
studying
hard
【正】
The
only
thing
that
the
students
can
do
is
studying
hard
【析】
在先行词前有
only，
any，
few，
little，
no，
all，
one
of
等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用
which
作关系代词，而要用
that。
【误】
This
is
the
first
American
film
which
I've
ever
seen
【正】
This
is
the
first
American
film
that
I've
ever
seen
【析】
在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用
which
这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如：
This
is
the
best
book
that
I
have
ever
seen.
【误】
He
is
from
Africa,
that
we
can
see
from
the
color
of
the
skin
【正】
He
is
from
Africa,
as
we
can
see
from
the
color
of
the
skin
【析】
当
as
或
which
引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。
　
三、例题解析
1.
Don’t
talk
about
such
things
of
__________
you
are
not
sure.
?
?
?
A.
which?
?
B.
what?
C.
as?
?
?
D.
those?
2.
Is
this
the
factory
__________
you
visited
the
other
day?
?
?
A.
that?
?
?
B.
where?
?
?
?
C.
in
which?
?
?
D.
the
one?
3.
Is
this
factory
__________
some
foreign
friends
visited
last
Friday?
?
?
A.
that?
?
?
B.
where?
?
?
C.
which?
D.
the
one?
4.
Is
this
the
factory
__________
he
worked
ten
years
ago?
A.
that?
?
?
B.
where?
?
?
?
C.
which?
D.
the
one?
5.
The
wolves
hid
themselves
in
the
places
__________
couldn’t
be
found.
?
?
A.
that?
?
?
B.
where?
?
?
?
C.
in
which?
?
?
D.
in
that
6.
The
freezing
point
is
the
temperature
__________
water
changes
into
ice.
?
?
A.
at
which?
?
B.
on
that?
?
?
C.
in
which?
?
?
D.
of
what?
7.
This
book
will
show
you
__________
can
be
used
in
other
contexts.
?
?
A.
how
you
have
observed?
?
?
?
B.
what
you
have
observed
?
?
?
C.
that
you
have
observed?
?
?
?
D.
how
that
you
have
observed?
8.
The
reason
is
__________
he
is
unable
to
operate
the
machine.
?
?
A.
because?
?
B.
why?
?
?
?
C.
that?
?
?
D.
whether?
9.
I’ll
tell
you
__________
he
told
me
last
week.
?
?
A.
all
which?
?
B.
that?
C.
all
that?
?
?
D.
which?
10.
That
tree,
__________
branches
are
almost
bare,
is
very
old.
?
?
A.
whose?
?
B.
of
which?
?
?
C.
in
which?
?
?
D.
on
which?
11.
I
have
bought
the
same
dress
__________
she
is
wearing.
A.
as?
?
?
?
B.
that?
?
?
C.
which?
?
?
?
D.
what?
12.
He
failed
in
the
examination,
__________
made
his
father
very
angry.
?
?
A.
which?
?
B.
it?
?
?
?
C.
that?
?
D.
what
13.
We’re
talking
about
the
piano
and
the
pianist
_______were
in
the
concert
we
attended
last
night.
?
A.
which?
?
?
B.
whom?
C.
who?
?
D.
that?
14.
The
girl
________
an
English
song
in
the
next
room
is
Tom’s
sister.
?
A.
who
is
singing?
?
B.
is
singing?
?
?
C.
sang?
D.
was
singing?
15.
Those
_______
not
only
from
books
but
also
through
practice
will
succeed.
?
A.
learn?
?
?
B.
who?
?
C.
that
learns?
?
D.
who
learn?
16.
Anyone
________
this
opinion
may
speak
out.
A.
that?against?
?
?
B.
that?against?
?
C.
who
is
against?
?
D.
who
are
against?
17.
Didn’t
you
see
the
man
________?
?
?
?
A.
I
nodded
just
now?
?
B.
whom
I
nodded
just
now
?
?
?
?
C.
I
nodded
to
him
just
now?
?
?
D.
I
nodded
to
just
now?
18.
Can
you
lend
me
the
novel
______
the
other
day?
?
?
?
A.
that
you
talked?
?
?
B.
you
talked
about
it
?
?
?
?
C.
which
you
talked
with?
?
?
?
D.
you
talked
about?
19.
Is
there
anything
_______
to
you?
A.
that
is
belonged?
?
?
?
B.
that
belongs
??
?
C.
that
belong?
?
D.
which
belongs?
20.
-
“How
do
you
like
the
book?”
-
“It’s
quite
different
from
_______
I
read
last
month.”
?
?
A.
that?
?
?
?
B.
which?
?
?
C.
the
one?
?
D.
the
one
what?
21.
Mr.
Zhang
gave
the
textbook
to
all
the
pupils
except
_______
who
had
already
taken
them.
?
?
A.
the
ones?
?
B.
ones?
C.
some?
?
?
D.
the
others?
22.
The
train
_______
she
was
travelling
was
late.
?
?
A.
which?
?
B.
where?
C.
on
which?
?
?
?
D.
in
that?
23.
He
has
lost
the
key
to
the
drawer
_______
the
papers
are
kept.
?
?
A.
where?
?
?
?
B.
in
which?
?
?
C.
under
which?
?
D.
which?
24.
Antarctic
_______
we
know
very
little
is
covered
with
thick
ice
all
the
year
round.
?
?
A.
which?
?
?
?
B.
where?
C.
that?
?
D.
about
which?
25.
It’s
the
third
time
_______
late
this
month.
?
?
A.
that
you
arrived?
?
?
B.
when
you
arrived
?
?
?
C.
that
you’ve
arrived?
?
D.
when
you’ve
arrived?
参考答案
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