中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Section
4 单元素养升格
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro,
the
highest
mountain
in
Africa.
They
__1__
with
them
lots
of
waste.
The
__2__
might
damage
the
beauty
of
the
place.
The
glaciers(冰川)
are
disappearing,
changing
the
__3__
of
Kilimanjaro.
Hearing
these
stories,
I'm
__4__
about
the
place—other
destinations
are
described
as
“purer”
natural
experiences.
However,
I
soon
__5__
that
much
has
changed
since
the
days
of
disturbing
reports
of
__6__
among
tons
of
rubbish.
I
find
a
__7__
mountain,
with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths.
The
environmental
challenges
are
__8__
but
the
efforts
made
by
the
Tanzania
National
Park
Authority
seem
to
be
__9__.
The
best
of
a
Kilimanjaro
__10__，
in
my
opinion,
isn't
reaching
the
top.
Mountains
are
__11__
as
spiritual
places
by
many
cultures.
This
__12__is
especially
evident
on
Kilimanjaro
as
__13__
go
through
five
ecosystems(生态系统)
in
the
space
of
a
few
kilometers.
At
the
base
is
a
rainforest.
It
ends
abruptly
at
3,000
meters,
__14__
lands
of
low
growing
plants.
Further
up,
the
weather
__15__—low
clouds
envelop
the
mountainsides,
which
are
covered
with
thick
grass.
I
__16__
twelve
shades
of
green
from
where
I
stand.
Above
4,000
meters
is
the
highland
__17__：gravel(砾石),
stones
and
rocks.
__18__
you
climb
into
an
arctic?like
zone
with
__19__
snow
and
the
glaciers
that
may
soon
disappear.
Does
Kilimanjaro
__20__
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace?
I
found
the
opposite
to
be
true.
语篇解读：作者通过自己的亲身经历，描述了非洲的乞力马扎罗山的环境污染情况以及在当地机构的努力治理之后，其环境得到改观的情况。
1．A.keep
B．mix
C．connect
D．bring
D 解析：考查动词辨析。keep意为“保持”；mix意为“混合”；connect意为“连接”；bring意为“带来”。将选项代入语境中理解可知，登山者们带来了许多垃圾。bring
sth.
with
sb.表示“某人带着某物”。故选D。
2．A.stories
B．buildings
C．crowds
D．reporters
C 解析：考查名词辨析。story意为“故事”；building意为“建筑”；crowd意为“人群”；reporter意为“记者”。句意：人群可能破坏这个地方的美丽。故选C。
3．A.position
B．age
C．face
D．name
C 解析：考查名词辨析。position意为“位置”；age意为“年龄”；face意为“面部；面貌”；name意为“名字”。句意：冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌。故选C。
4．A.silent
B．skeptical
C．serious
D．crazy
B 解析：考查形容词辨析。silent意为“安静的”；skeptical意为“怀疑的”；serious意为“严肃的”；crazy意为“疯狂的”。由破折号后面的“other
destinations
are
described
as
‘purer’
natural
experiences(其他的目的地被描述为‘更纯粹的’自然体验)”可知，听到这些故事，作者对这个地方产生了怀疑。故选B。
5．A.discover
B．argue
C．decide
D．advocate
A 解析：考查动词辨析。discover意为“发现”；argue意为“争论”；decide意为“决定”；advocate意为“提倡”。结合语境可知，然而作者很快发现自从那些令人不安的报道以来，(情况)已经发生了很大的改变。故选A。
6．A.equipment
B．grass
C．camps
D．stones
C 解析：考查名词辨析。equipment意为“设备”；grass意为“草”；camp意为“宿营地”；stone意为“石头”。那些报道都是关于乞力马扎罗山的污染的，而登山者必然是在满是垃圾的山上搭帐篷露营。故选C。
7．A.remote
B．quiet
C．tall
D．clean
D 解析：考查形容词辨析。remote意为“遥远的”；quiet意为“安静的”；tall意为“高的”；clean意为“干净的”。由本段首句中的however以及空处所在句后半句“with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths(宿营地里和途中都有厕所)”可知，作者发现了一座干净的山。故选D。
8．A.new
B．special
C．significant
D．necessary
C 解析：考查形容词辨析。new意为“新的”；special意为“特别的”；significant意为“显著的；重大的”；necessary意为“必要的”。结合语境可知，环境方面的挑战是巨大的，但是努力有了回报。故选C。
9．A.paying
off
B．spreading
out
C．blowing
up
D．fading
away
A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。pay
off意为“得到回报；还清欠款”；spread
out意为“展开；延伸”；blow
up意为“爆炸”；fade
away意为“逐渐消失”。句意：……但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所付出的努力似乎有了回报。故选A。
10．A.atmosphere
B．experience
C．experiment
D．sight
B 解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere意为“气氛；大气层”；experience意为“体验；经验；经历”；experiment意为“实验”；sight意为“视力；视野；景象”。句意：我认为最好的乞力马扎罗山体验并不是到达山顶。故选B。
11．A.studied
B．observed
C．explored
D．regarded
D 解析：考查动词辨析。study意为“学习；研究”；observe意为“观察”；explore意为“探索”；regard意为“看待；把……看作”。句意：在很多文化中高山被看作心灵圣地。be
regarded
as表示“被视为”。故选D。
12．A.view
B．quality
C．reason
D．purpose
A 解析：考查名词辨析。view意为“风景；景色”；quality意为“质量；品质”；reason意为“理由”；purpose意为“目的”。结合语境可知，在乞力马扎罗山，当登山者们在几千米的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，这种景色差异尤为明显。故选A。
13．A.scientists
B．climbers
C．locals
D．officials
B 解析：考查名词辨析。scientist意为“科学家”；climber意为“攀登者”；local意为“当地人”；official意为“行政官员”。句意：……当登山者们在几千米的空间内经历五个不同的生态系统时。故选B。
14．A.holding
on
to
B．going
back
to
C．living
up
to
D．giving
way
to
D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。hold
on
to意为“坚持；紧握；守住”；go
back
to意为“返回；追溯到”；live
up
to意为“履行；不辜负”；give
way
to意为“让步；让位”。句意：在海拔3
000米处，热带雨林突然消失，让位于大片的矮生植物。故选D。
15．A.changes
B．clears
C．improves
D．permits
A 解析：考查动词辨析。change意为“改变”；clear意为“清除；放晴”；improve意为“提高”；permit意为“允许”。句意：在海拔更高处，天气发生了变化，低云笼罩在覆盖着浓密草甸的山坡上。故选A。
16．A.match
B．imagine
C．count
D．add
C 解析：考查动词辨析。match意为“使相配”；imagine意为“想象”；count意为“数；计算”；add意为“增加；附带说明”。由空后的数词twelve可知，空处应是“数；计算”。故选C。
17．A.village
B．desert
C．road
D．lake
B 解析：考查名词辨析。village意为“村庄”；desert意为“沙漠；荒漠”；road意为“道路”；lake意为“湖泊”。由空后的“gravel(砾石)，stones
and
rocks”可知B项符合语境。句意：海拔4
000米以上是高原荒漠：砾石、石块和岩石。
18．A.Obviously
B．Easily
C．Consequently
D．Finally
D 解析：考查副词辨析。obviously意为“显然地”；easily意为“容易地”；consequently意为“因此”；finally意为“最终”。由上文介绍的几处不同的区域可知，此处表示“最终，你攀登到了类似北极的区域”。故选D。
19．A.permanent
B．little
C．fresh
D．artificial
A 解析：考查形容词辨析。permanent意为“永久的”；little意为“小的”；fresh意为“新鲜的”；artificial意为“人造的；人工的”。由空前的arctic?like
zone可知，这是一个类似北极的区域，所以有永久性的积雪。故选A。
20．A.enjoy
B．deserve
C．save
D．acquire
B 解析：考查动词辨析。enjoy意为“喜爱；欣赏”；deserve意为“应受；应得”；save意为“拯救；节省”；acquire意为“获利；得到”。句意：因游客众多而拥挤不堪，宁静的氛围遭到破坏，乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得这一名声吗？
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The
elephant
was
lying
heavily
on
its
side,
fast
asleep.
A
few
dogs
started
barking
at
it.
The
elephant
woke
up
in
a
terrible
anger.
It
chased
the
dogs
into
the
village
where
they
ran
for
safety.
That
didn't
stop
the
elephant.
It
destroyed
a
dozen
houses
and
injured
several
people.
The
villagers
were
scared
and
angry.
Then
someone
suggested
calling
Parbati,
the
elephant
princess.
Parbati
Barua's
father
was
a
hunter
of
tigers
and
an
elephant
tamer(驯养者).
He
taught
Parbati
to
ride
an
elephant
before
she
could
even
walk.
He
also
taught
her
the
dangerous
art
of
the
elephant
round?up—how
to
catch
wild
elephants.
Parbati
hasn't
always
lived
in
the
jungle.
After
a
happy
childhood
hunting
with
her
father,
she
was
sent
to
the
boarding
school
in
the
city.
But
Parbati
never
got
used
to
being
there
and
many
years
later
she
went
back
to
her
old
life.“Life
in
the
city
is
too
dull.
Catching
elephants
is
an
adventure
and
the
excitement
lasts
for
days
after
the
chase，”
she
says.
But
Parbati
doesn't
catch
elephants
just
for
fun.“My
work，”
she
says，“is
to
rescue
man
from
the
elephants,
and
to
keep
the
elephants
safe
from
man.”
And
this
is
exactly
what
Parbati
has
been
doing
for
many
years.
Increasingly,
the
Indian
elephant
is
angry：For
many
years,
illegal
hunters
have
attacked
it
and
its
home
in
the
jungle
has
been
reduced
to
small
pieces
of
land.
It
is
now
fighting
back.
Whenever
wild
elephants
enter
a
tea
garden
or
a
village,
Parbati
is
called
to
guide
the
animals
back
to
the
jungle
before
they
can
kill.
The
work
of
an
elephant
tamer
also
involves
love
and
devotion.
A
good
elephant
tamer
will
spend
hours
a
day
singing
love
songs
to
a
newly
captured
elephant.“Eventually
they
grow
to
love
their
tamers
and
never
forget
them.
They
are
also
more
loyal
than
humans，”
she
said,
as
she
climbed
up
one
of
her
elephants
and
sat
on
the
giant,
happy
animal.
An
elephant
princess
indeed!
语篇解读：Parbati
Barua被人称为“大象公主”。她总是有办法让发怒的大象平静下来，并将它带回丛林。她是一名成功的大象驯服手，在她看来捕捉大象非常惊险、刺激。
1．For
Parbati,
catching
elephants
is
mainly
to
________.
A．get
long?lasting
excitement
B．keep
both
man
and
elephants
safe
C．send
them
back
to
the
jungle
D．make
the
angry
elephants
tame
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，对Parbati来说，捕捉大象并不仅仅是为了取乐，更是为了保障大象及人类的安全。
2．Indian
elephants
are
getting
increasingly
angry
and
they
fight
back
because
________.
A．they
are
caught
and
sent
for
heavy
work
B．illegal
hunters
capture
them
and
kill
them
C．they
are
attacked
and
their
land
gets
limited
D．dogs
often
bark
at
them
and
chase
them
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句可知，印度象变得越来越恼火并对人类反击的原因是：不法捕猎者袭击大象及大象的栖息地变得越来越小。B项说法过于片面绝对。
3．The
passage
starts
with
an
elephant
story
to
explain
that
in
India________.
A．people
easily
fall
victim
to
elephants'
attacks
B．the
man?elephant
relationship
is
getting
worse
C．elephant
tamers
are
in
short
supply
D．dogs
are
as
powerful
as
elephants
B 解析：推理判断题。文章以一头大象被激怒并破坏房屋、伤人的事例开始，是为了说明人类的不当行为导致大象与人类的关系恶化，人类与大象的矛盾越来越突出。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
如今，低碳生活已经成为一种责任、习惯和时尚。请你根据下面内容提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈如何从身边的小事做起，实践低碳生活。
内容提示：
1．节约水、电、粮食等；
2．废物再利用；
3．出行方式；
4．植树……
注意：
1．短文需要包括上面的内容提示，可用适当的例子加以说明；
2．词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：低碳生活low?carbon
life；二氧化碳的排放the
emission
of
carbon
dioxide
Nowadays,
low?carbon
life
has
been
a
responsibility,
habit
and
fashion.
But
how
can
we
live
a
low?carbon
life?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version：
Nowadays,_low?carbon_life_has_been_a_responsibility,_habit_and_fashion._But_how_can_we_live_a_low?carbon_life？
I
think
we
can
do
some
practical
things
around
us.
For
example,
we
should
turn
off
the
tap
when
we
find
water
running
and
we
shouldn't
keep
water
running
while
washing
our
clothes.
We
should
turn
off
the
electricity
when
we
leave
the
classroom.
We
shouldn't
throw
away
the
food
we
can't
eat
out.
Besides,
we
can
recycle
waste
things
and
reuse
them.
When
we
travel,
we'd
better
take
a
bus
or
ride
a
bicycle
instead
of
taking
a
taxi
or
driving.
What's
more,
we
can
plant
more
trees
as
well.
In
a
word,
whatever
we
do
to
save
energy
or
reduce
the
emission
of
greenhouse
gases
like
carbon
dioxide
shows
we're
living
a
low?carbon
life
to
make
contributions
to
the
environmental
protection.
HYPERLINK
"http://www.21cnjy.com/"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Section
4 单元素养升格
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every
year
about
40,000
people
attempt
to
climb
Kilimanjaro,
the
highest
mountain
in
Africa.
They
__1__
with
them
lots
of
waste.
The
__2__
might
damage
the
beauty
of
the
place.
The
glaciers(冰川)
are
disappearing,
changing
the
__3__
of
Kilimanjaro.
Hearing
these
stories,
I'm
__4__
about
the
place—other
destinations
are
described
as
“purer”
natural
experiences.
However,
I
soon
__5__
that
much
has
changed
since
the
days
of
disturbing
reports
of
__6__
among
tons
of
rubbish.
I
find
a
__7__
mountain,
with
toilets
at
camps
and
along
the
paths.
The
environmental
challenges
are
__8__
but
the
efforts
made
by
the
Tanzania
National
Park
Authority
seem
to
be
__9__.
The
best
of
a
Kilimanjaro
__10__，
in
my
opinion,
isn't
reaching
the
top.
Mountains
are
__11__
as
spiritual
places
by
many
cultures.
This
__12__is
especially
evident
on
Kilimanjaro
as
__13__
go
through
five
ecosystems(生态系统)
in
the
space
of
a
few
kilometers.
At
the
base
is
a
rainforest.
It
ends
abruptly
at
3,000
meters,
__14__
lands
of
low
growing
plants.
Further
up,
the
weather
__15__—low
clouds
envelop
the
mountainsides,
which
are
covered
with
thick
grass.
I
__16__
twelve
shades
of
green
from
where
I
stand.
Above
4,000
meters
is
the
highland
__17__：gravel(砾石),
stones
and
rocks.
__18__
you
climb
into
an
arctic?like
zone
with
__19__
snow
and
the
glaciers
that
may
soon
disappear.
Does
Kilimanjaro
__20__
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace?
I
found
the
opposite
to
be
true.
1．A.keep
B．mix
C．connect
D．bring
2．A.stories
B．buildings
C．crowds
D．reporters
3．A.position
B．age
C．face
D．name
4．A.silent
B．skeptical
C．serious
D．crazy
5．A.discover
B．argue
C．decide
D．advocate
6．A.equipment
B．grass
C．camps
D．stones
7．A.remote
B．quiet
C．tall
D．clean
8．A.new
B．special
C．significant
D．necessary
9．A.paying
off
B．spreading
out
C．blowing
up
D．fading
away
10．A.atmosphere
B．experience
C．experiment
D．sight
11．A.studied
B．observed
C．explored
D．regarded
12．A.view
B．quality
C．reason
D．purpose
13．A.scientists
B．climbers
C．locals
D．officials
14．A.holding
on
to
B．going
back
to
C．living
up
to
D．giving
way
to
15．A.changes
B．clears
C．improves
D．permits
16．A.match
B．imagine
C．count
D．add
17．A.village
B．desert
C．road
D．lake
18．A.Obviously
B．Easily
C．Consequently
D．Finally
19．A.permanent
B．little
C．fresh
D．artificial
20．A.enjoy
B．deserve
C．save
D．acquire
Ⅱ.阅读理解
The
elephant
was
lying
heavily
on
its
side,
fast
asleep.
A
few
dogs
started
barking
at
it.
The
elephant
woke
up
in
a
terrible
anger.
It
chased
the
dogs
into
the
village
where
they
ran
for
safety.
That
didn't
stop
the
elephant.
It
destroyed
a
dozen
houses
and
injured
several
people.
The
villagers
were
scared
and
angry.
Then
someone
suggested
calling
Parbati,
the
elephant
princess.
Parbati
Barua's
father
was
a
hunter
of
tigers
and
an
elephant
tamer(驯养者).
He
taught
Parbati
to
ride
an
elephant
before
she
could
even
walk.
He
also
taught
her
the
dangerous
art
of
the
elephant
round?up—how
to
catch
wild
elephants.
Parbati
hasn't
always
lived
in
the
jungle.
After
a
happy
childhood
hunting
with
her
father,
she
was
sent
to
the
boarding
school
in
the
city.
But
Parbati
never
got
used
to
being
there
and
many
years
later
she
went
back
to
her
old
life.“Life
in
the
city
is
too
dull.
Catching
elephants
is
an
adventure
and
the
excitement
lasts
for
days
after
the
chase，”
she
says.
But
Parbati
doesn't
catch
elephants
just
for
fun.“My
work，”
she
says，“is
to
rescue
man
from
the
elephants,
and
to
keep
the
elephants
safe
from
man.”
And
this
is
exactly
what
Parbati
has
been
doing
for
many
years.
Increasingly,
the
Indian
elephant
is
angry：For
many
years,
illegal
hunters
have
attacked
it
and
its
home
in
the
jungle
has
been
reduced
to
small
pieces
of
land.
It
is
now
fighting
back.
Whenever
wild
elephants
enter
a
tea
garden
or
a
village,
Parbati
is
called
to
guide
the
animals
back
to
the
jungle
before
they
can
kill.
The
work
of
an
elephant
tamer
also
involves
love
and
devotion.
A
good
elephant
tamer
will
spend
hours
a
day
singing
love
songs
to
a
newly
captured
elephant.“Eventually
they
grow
to
love
their
tamers
and
never
forget
them.
They
are
also
more
loyal
than
humans，”
she
said,
as
she
climbed
up
one
of
her
elephants
and
sat
on
the
giant,
happy
animal.
An
elephant
princess
indeed!
1．For
Parbati,
catching
elephants
is
mainly
to
________.
A．get
long?lasting
excitement
B．keep
both
man
and
elephants
safe
C．send
them
back
to
the
jungle
D．make
the
angry
elephants
tame
2．Indian
elephants
are
getting
increasingly
angry
and
they
fight
back
because
________.
A．they
are
caught
and
sent
for
heavy
work
B．illegal
hunters
capture
them
and
kill
them
C．they
are
attacked
and
their
land
gets
limited
D．dogs
often
bark
at
them
and
chase
them
3．The
passage
starts
with
an
elephant
story
to
explain
that
in
India________.
A．people
easily
fall
victim
to
elephants'
attacks
B．the
man?elephant
relationship
is
getting
worse
C．elephant
tamers
are
in
short
supply
D．dogs
are
as
powerful
as
elephants
Ⅲ.应用文写作
如今，低碳生活已经成为一种责任、习惯和时尚。请你根据下面内容提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈如何从身边的小事做起，实践低碳生活。
内容提示：
1．节约水、电、粮食等；
2．废物再利用；
3．出行方式；
4．植树……
注意：
1．短文需要包括上面的内容提示，可用适当的例子加以说明；
2．词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：低碳生活low?carbon
life；二氧化碳的排放the
emission
of
carbon
dioxide
Nowadays,
low?carbon
life
has
been
a
responsibility,
habit
and
fashion.
But
how
can
we
live
a
low?carbon
life?
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