必修1
Unit5
Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
(写出下列单词的词性和意义)
mean
adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
republic
n.
共和国；共和政体
principle
n.
法则；原则；原理
mankind
n.
人类
lawyer
n.
律师
fee
n.
费（会费、学费等）；酬金
youth
n.
青年；青年时期
league
n.同盟；联盟；联合会
stage
n.
舞台；阶段；时期
quote
n.
引用语；语录
release
vt.
释放；发行
blanket
n.
毛毯；毯子
terror
n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
sentence
vt.
判决；宣判
anti-
[前缀]
反；抗；阻
anti-black
adj.
反黑人的
generous
adj.
慷慨的；大方的
guidance
指导；领导
guide
n.
向导；导游
vt.
引导；带领
二星写作词汇
quality
n.
质量；品质；性质
warm-hearted
adj.
热心肠的
active
adj.
积极的；活跃的
actively
adv.
积极地；活跃地
activity
n.
活动；行动
easy-going
adj.
随和的；温和宽容的
self
n.
自我；自身
selfish
adj.
自私的
selfless
adj.
无私的；忘我的
selflessly
adv.
无私地；忘我地
peaceful
adj.
和平的；平静的；安宁的
peace
n.
和平；平静；和睦；秩序
legal
adj.
法律的；依照法律的illegal
adj.
【法】
非法的；违法的
vote
vt.
&
vi.
投票；选举
n.
投票；选票；表决
violence
n.
暴力；暴行
violent
adj.
暴力的；猛烈的
willing
adj.
乐意的；自愿的unwilling
adj.
不愿意的；不情愿的；勉强的
unfair
adj.
不公正的；不公平的fair
adj.
公平的；美丽的，白皙的
educate
vt.
教育；训练educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的
education
n.
教育；培养；教育学
beg
vi.
请求；乞求
relative
n.
亲戚；亲属
adj.
相对的；有关系的relatively
adv.
相当地；相对地，比较地
relation
n.
关系；亲属关系
relationship
n.
关系；关联
cruelty
n.
残忍；残酷
cruel
adj.
残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的；无情的
president
n.
总统；会长；校长；行长
opinion
n.
意见；看法；主张
hopeful
adj.
怀有希望的；有希望的
hopeless
adj.
绝望的；不可救药的
hopefully
adv.
怀有希望地
三星高频词汇
attack
vt.
进攻；攻击；抨击
equal
adj.
相等的；平等的
vt.
等于；比得上n.
对手；匹敌；相等的事物
equally
adv.相等地，平等地；公平
equality
n.
平等；相等；【数】
等式
escape
vi.
逃脱；逃走；避开
devote
vt.
(与to连用)献身；专心于
devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
devotion
n.
献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱
found
vt.
建立；建设
【构词法巧记单词】
2
1.
“n.＋-ful
adj.”
荟萃
①peace
peaceful
和平的
②pain
painful
痛苦的
③harm
harmful
有害的
④power
powerful
强大的
⑤meaning
meaningful
有意义的
⑥cheer
cheerful
高兴的；欢乐的
2.
后缀-ance高频名词全接触
①guidance
指导；领导
②importance
重要；重要性
③ignorance
无知；愚昧
④significance
意义；重要性
⑤appearance
出现
⑥tolerance
宽容；容忍
【短语巧记】
of
high/poor
quality
质量高/低的
as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
out
of
work
失业
blow
up
使充气；爆炸
devote
oneself
to
献身于;致力于(=be
devoted
to)
in
trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等处境中
turn
to
求助于；致力于；转向；翻到
lose
heart
丧失勇气或信心
come
to
power
当权；上台
set
up
设立；建立
be
sentenced
to
被判处……（徒刑）
in
one’s
opinion
在某人看来
in
a
peaceful
way
用一种和平的方式
under
attack
遭到袭击；遭到抨击
be
equal
to
与……相等；胜任；能应付
be
grateful
to
sb
(for
sth)
(因某事)感激某人
escape
from
从……中逃脱
vote
for/against
投票支持/反对
be
willing/unwilling
to
do
愿意/不愿意做……
be
hopeful
about
对……满怀希望
【典句仿写】
1.
this
is/was
a
time
when...这是一个……的时期
【课文原句】However,
this
was
a
time
when
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg.
可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
【仿写】This
is
a
time
when
we
Chinese
have
both
a
great
many
challenges
and
opportunities.
这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。
2.
where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词
【课文原句】The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【仿写】We
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
must
start
taking
effective
measures
to
protect
the
environment
so
as
to
save
ourselves.
我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。
3.
only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装
【课文原句】
…,
only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到了那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
【仿写】【2018全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】
Only
when
you
come
to
China
can
you
experience
Chinese
food
culture.只有你来中国的时候你才能体验中国的饮食文化。
4.
the
first
time引导时间状语从句，类似的还有
each
time
/every
time/
the
last
time/(the)
next
time/the
moment
/
the
minute
/
the
second
/the
instant
等引导时间状语从句。
【课文原句】I
felt
bad
the
first
time
I
talked
to
a
group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
【仿写】The
first
time
they
visited
the
Science
Museum,
they
showed
great
interest
in
everything
they
saw.
他们第一次参观科技馆的时候，就对他们看到的所有事物产生了很大的兴趣。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
devote
vt.
(to
give
entirely
to
an
activity,
or
cause)专心于;献身
(1)
devote
oneself
to
sth/doing
sth
献身于……,致力于……
(2)
devoted
adj.
忠诚的;挚爱的
be
devoted
to
sth/doing
sth
忠诚于;专心于
(3)
devotion
n.
挚爱;奉献
devotion
to…
对……的忠诚/关爱
【名师点拨】
(1)devote作为及物动词,后面的宾语可以是time,
life,
money,
energy,也可以是oneself,也可以用于系表结构be
devoted
to。
(2)devote…to…中的to为介词,后跟名词或动名词等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We
have
learned
a
great
deal
from
her
devotion
(devote)
to
her
work
and
her
readiness
to
help
others.
②Devoted
(devote)
to
scientific
research
wholeheartedly,
he
spends
little
time
with
his
family.
③He
continued
to
work
there
for
almost
50
years,
devoting
(devote)
his
life
to
his
research
work.
④I
will
make
every
effort
to
take
good
care
of
my
aged
grandfather
because
he
has
devoted
most
of
his
life
to
bringing
(bring)
up
two
generations.
(2)一句多译
他致力于社区活动，获得了周围人的赞扬。(devote)
①He
devoted
himself
to
community
activities
and
was
praised
by
the
people
around.
②Devoting
himself
to
community
activities,
he
was
praised
by
the
people
around.
(现在分词作状语)
③Devoted
to
community
activities,
he
was
praised
by
the
people
around.
(形容词作状语)
2.
equal
v．等于；抵得上
adj.
相等的；胜任的；平等的n．同等的人；相等物；对手
(1)
be
equal
to
sth
等于；比得上；胜任
be
equal
to
doing
sth
胜任做某事
A
equals
B
in...
A在……方面与B相匹敌
(2)
equality
n.
平等，相等；【数】等式
equally
adv.
相等地；同等地
【名师点拨】表示“胜任……”的表达还有：①be
fit
for
②be
qualified
for
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
写出下列句中equal的词性及含义
①Any
man
will
be
equal
to
the
task,
as
long
as
he
is
careful.
You
should
give
it
a
try.
adj.
胜任的
②We
need
to
be
active
in
all
kinds
of
sports,
and
pay
attention
to
mental
health
which
is
equal
to
physical
health.
adj.
同等的
③Little
joy
can
equal
that
of
a
surprising
ending
when
you
read
stories.
vt.
等于；抵得上
④Beethoven
was
a
world-famous
musician,
who
had
no
equal
in
music.
n.
地位相等的人
(2)一句多译
【2019全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】尽管年轻，我胜任这个志愿者工作。
①Although
I
am
young,
I
am
fit
for
the
volunteer
work.
(fit)
②Young
as
I
am,
I
am
equal
to
the
volunteer
work.
(equal)
③Though
I
am
young,
I
am
qualified
for
the
volunteer
work_.
(qualify)
3.
escape
n.
逃跑;渗出;漏出
vi.
逃脱;避开
vt.
逃避;摆脱;被遗忘;未被注意
(1)
escape
(doing)
sth
逃避(做)
某事
escape
from...
从……逃脱；逃避
(2)
a
narrow
escape
九死一生；惊险逃脱
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①With
the
capture
of
the
escaped
(escape)
tiger,
everyone
felt
relieved.
②He
escaped
being
killed
(kill)
when
the
factory
exploded
because
he
had
not
gone
to
work.
(2)微写作
我刚到家外面就开始下雨了。真是侥幸逃过“一劫”。
As
soon
as
I
got
home
it
started
to
rain
outside—it
was
a
narrow
escape!
【常考短语】
1.
in
trouble
处于不幸中;处于困难或苦恼中
out
of
trouble
摆脱麻烦;远离是非
get
into
trouble
陷入困境(表动作)
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth
不辞辛劳地做某事
have
trouble
with
sth
做某事有困难
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth
做某事有困难
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①They
are
taking
the
trouble
to
find
(find)
the
right
person
for
the
right
job.
②I
have
some
trouble
reading
(read)
the
letter
because
his
handwriting
is
very
bad.
③It
was
when
we
were
returning
home
that
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.
(2)微写作
①众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境.
As
is
known
to
us
all,
if
we
are
in
trouble,
it
is
not
our
phones
but
our
friends
that
can
really
help
us
out.
②劳拉一直是幸运的,因为每当她处在困境中时,总有人愿意伸出援手。
Laura
is
always
lucky,
for
whenever
(she
is)
in
trouble,
somebody
is
always
willing
to
lend
her
a
hand.
2.
turn
to
把(注意力,话题等)转到；转向；翻到(书的某页；求助于；致力于；开始从事；查阅；变成
turn
down
调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn
up
调大(音量等)；出现;露面
turn
in
上交
turn
out
结果是……；原来是……；被证明是
turn(…)
into…把(……)变成……
turn
on/off
打开/关掉
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义——写出下列句中turn
to的含义
①No
one
to
turn
to
in
such
a
frightening
situation,
she
felt
very
helpless.
求助于
②After
he
left
university
he
became
a
teacher,
but
later
turned
to
journalism.
开始从事
③You
shouldn’t
always
turn
to
the
dictionary
when
you
meet
new
words
in
reading.
查阅
④Follow
the
main
road
until
it
branches
and
then
turn
to
the
left.
转向
⑤Solids
turn
to
liquids
at
certain
temperatures.
变成
(2)单句填空——用turn短语的适当形式填空
①She
didn’t
turn
up
at
the
party
as
she
had
promised.
②It
turned
out
that
the
job
was
much
harder
than
we
had
thought.
③She’s
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
the
new
computer,
but
she
doesn’t
know
whom
to
turn
to.
④The
old
house
where
the
great
poet
once
lived
turned
into/to
a
museum.
3.
lose
heart
丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气
(1)
lose
one’s
heart
to
倾心于;爱上
put
one’s
heart
into...
一心扑在……上
learn
...
by
heart
背诵；记牢……
strike...
into
one’s
heart
…使某人刻骨铭心
(2)
heart
and
soul
全心全意地
【名师点拨】使用lose时要注意,有些短语没有物主代词而有些是有物主代词的。如:lose
weight减肥,体重减轻;lose
face丢面子;lose
one’s
temper发火;lose
one’s
head失控;lose
one’s
way迷路
【活学活用】
单句填空——用heart相关短语的适当形式填空
①Although
we
didn’t
win
the
match,
we
didn’t
lose
heart.
②It
is
a
good
practice
to
learn
by
heart
as
many
English
texts
as
possible.
③He
lost
his
heart
to
a
pretty
girl
who
turned
out
to
be
the
daughter
of
his
enemy.
④Tom
put
his
heart
into
the
wildlife
research,
and
finally,
his
efforts
earned
him
great
success
and
fame.
⑤Our
Party
was
founded
in
1921,
since
when
she
has
been
serving
the
people
heart
and
soul.
【必备句型】
1.
The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利,阻挡了我们的进步,直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【名师点拨】
(1)see,
witness常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历、见证”了某事。
(2)当先行词是stage,
point,
case,
situation,
position,
job,
business,
scene等表示抽象地点的名词,并且定语从句缺状语时,常用关系副词where来引导定语从句,相当于in
which。
【活学活用】
单句填空并翻译句子
①The
city
has
seen
(see)
many
changes
in
the
past
ten
years.
②These
ancient
buildings
have
witnessed
(witness)
the
rapid
growth
of
the
city
as
well
as
the
growth
of
this
country
over
the
years.
③Sales
director
is
a
position
where/in
which
communication
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sales
skills.
④Today,
we’ll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
where/in
which
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly
in
the
cases.
⑤Now
their
peace
talks
have
reached
a
key
stage
where/in
which
one
side
must
give
in
to
the
other.
2.
…only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到那个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
【名师点拨】句型公式：only+状语/状语从句+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其余部分+…
当“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,即把助动词、系动词be或情态动词提到主语的前面。但如果only放在句首修饰的是句子的主语,句子则不需要倒装。如:Only
I
know
him
here.
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Only
after
we’d
had
the
car
for
a
few
days
did
we
realize
we’d
been
taken
in
by
the
dealer.
②Only
after
we’ve
lost
everything
are
(be)
we
free
to
do
anything.
③Only
if
people
of
all
the
countries
are
united
will
we
be
able
to
solve
the
existing
problems
in
the
world
(2)完成句子
①Only
in
this
way
can
we
live
in
a
more
comfortable
and
beautiful
surroundings
(我们才能在更舒适和美丽的环境中生活)．
②Only
then
did
I
realize
(我才意识到)
that
it
was
foolish
of
me
to
break
away
from
all
of
my
friends
and
never
contact
them.
③Only
when
I
had
another
failure
in
my
job
seeking
was
I
aware
of
the
value
of
knowledge
(我才认识到知识的价值)
(aware)
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2019全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】We
are
confident
that
we
can
win
this
competition.
But
we
sincerely
hope
you
will
give
us
your
guidance
(guide)
and
encouragement.
②【2017天津卷】
He
is
a
devoted
(devote)
father
because
he
was
strict
with
his
daughter
and
encouraged
her
when
she
was
in
trouble.
③【2018北京卷】Travelling
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
(reward)
experience.
④【2019全国卷Ⅱ】Your
personal
circumstances
are
equally
(equal)
important.
⑤【2018北京卷书面表达】The
tea
house
witnessed
(witness)
a
really
enjoyable
time.
⑥【2019天津卷】Their
child
is
at
the
stage
where
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
⑦【2017北京卷书面表达】Much
to
our
surprise,
the
video
turned
out(结果)
to
be
well
received.
⑧【2018北京卷】Now
Mr.
Anderson
has
set
up
an
online
campaign
to
raise
money
for
Mr.
Smith
and
other
homeless
people
in
the
area.
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
school
in
the
last
few
years.
Our
school
has
witnessed
great
changes
in
the
last
few
years.
(用witness
表达某地经历了某事)
②【2016浙江卷书面表达】I
could
make
rapid
progress
with
bravery
and
perseverance.
Only
with
bravery
and
perseverance
could
I
make
rapid
progress.
(用only+状语置于句首的部分倒装升级)
【主题写作】
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jack回信，内容包括：①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；③该人物对你的影响。【分化步骤，先句后篇】
①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被他感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)
The
first
time
I
read
about
Zhang
Heng,
who
was
a
great
astronomer
and
inventor
in
ancient
China,
I
was
touched.
②他的一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。
During
his
life
time,
he
was
devoted
to
science
research
and
inventions,
including
the
famous
seismograph.
③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。
As
a
matter
of
fact,
he
got
laughed
at
when
he
first
introduced
his
seismograph.
④从未失去信心并继续研究。
He
never
lost
heart
but
went
on
his
research.
⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。
He
was
convinced
that
he
was
equal
to
doing
anything
only
when
he
believed
in
himself.
⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。
Nothing
could
reward
his
contributions
to
science.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用分词作状语升级第③句
As
a
matter
of
fact,
he
got
laughed
at
when
first
introducing
his
seismograph.
②利用倒装句升级1中句⑤
He
was
convinced
that
only
when
he
believed
in
himself
was
he
equal
to
doing
anything.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Dear
Jack,
Knowing
that
you’re
interested
in
ancient
Chinese
people,
I’m
more
than
delighted
to
share
with
you
my
idol
Zhang
Heng.
The
first
time
I
read
about
Zhang
Heng,
who
was
a
great
astronomer
and
inventor
in
ancient
China,
I
was
touched.
During
his
life
time,
he
was
devoted
to
scientific
research
and
inventions,
including
the
famous
seismograph.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
he
got
laughed
at
when
first
introducing
his
seismograph.
However,
he
never
lost
heart
but
went
on
with
his
research.
Above
all,
he
was
convinced
that
only
when
he
believed
in
himself
was
he
equal
to
doing
anything.
From
my
perspective,
nothing
could
reward
his
contributions
to
science.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
8必修1
Unit5
Nelson
Mandela—a
modern
hero
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
(写出下列单词的词性和意义)
mean
adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
republic
n.
共和国；共和政体
principle
n.
法则；原则；原理
mankind
n.
人类
lawyer
n.
律师
fee
n.
费（会费、学费等）；酬金
youth
n.
青年；青年时期
league
n.同盟；联盟；联合会
stage
n.
舞台；阶段；时期
quote
n.
引用语；语录
release
vt.
释放；发行
blanket
n.
毛毯；毯子
terror
n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
sentence
vt.
判决；宣判
anti-
[前缀]
反；抗；阻
anti-black
adj.
反黑人的
generous
adj.
慷慨的；大方的
guidance
指导；领导
guide
n.
向导；导游
vt.
引导；带领
二星写作词汇
quality
n.
质量；品质；性质
warm-hearted
adj.
热心肠的
active
adj.
积极的；活跃的
actively
adv.
积极地；活跃地
activity
n.
活动；行动
easy-going
adj.
随和的；温和宽容的
self
n.
自我；自身
selfish
adj.
自私的
selfless
adj.
无私的；忘我的
selflessly
adv.
无私地；忘我地
peaceful
adj.
和平的；平静的；安宁的
peace
n.
和平；平静；和睦；秩序
legal
adj.
法律的；依照法律的illegal
adj.
【法】
非法的；违法的
vote
vt.
&
vi.
投票；选举
n.
投票；选票；表决
violence
n.
暴力；暴行
violent
adj.
暴力的；猛烈的
willing
adj.
乐意的；自愿的unwilling
adj.
不愿意的；不情愿的；勉强的
unfair
adj.
不公正的；不公平的fair
adj.
公平的；美丽的，白皙的
educate
vt.
教育；训练educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的
education
n.
教育；培养；教育学
beg
vi.
请求；乞求
relative
n.
亲戚；亲属
adj.
相对的；有关系的relatively
adv.
相当地；相对地，比较地
relation
n.
关系；亲属关系
relationship
n.
关系；关联
cruelty
n.
残忍；残酷
cruel
adj.
残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的；无情的
president
n.
总统；会长；校长；行长
opinion
n.
意见；看法；主张
hopeful
adj.
怀有希望的；有希望的
hopeless
adj.
绝望的；不可救药的
hopefully
adv.
怀有希望地
三星高频词汇
attack
vt.
进攻；攻击；抨击
equal
adj.
相等的；平等的
vt.
等于；比得上n.
对手；匹敌；相等的事物
equally
adv.相等地，平等地；公平
equality
n.
平等；相等；【数】
等式
escape
vi.
逃脱；逃走；避开
devote
vt.
(与to连用)献身；专心于
devoted
adj.
忠实的；深爱的
devotion
n.
献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱
found
vt.
建立；建设
【构词法巧记单词】
2
1.
“n.＋-ful
adj.”
荟萃
①peace
peaceful
和平的
②pain
painful
痛苦的
③harm
harmful
有害的
④power
powerful
强大的
⑤meaning
meaningful
有意义的
⑥cheer
cheerful
高兴的；欢乐的
2.
后缀-ance高频名词全接触
①guidance
指导；领导
②importance
重要；重要性
③ignorance
无知；愚昧
④significance
意义；重要性
⑤appearance
出现
⑥tolerance
宽容；容忍
【短语巧记】
of
high/poor
quality
质量高/低的
as
a
matter
of
fact
事实上
out
of
work
失业
blow
up
使充气；爆炸
devote
oneself
to
献身于;致力于(=be
devoted
to)
in
trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等处境中
turn
to
求助于；致力于；转向；翻到
lose
heart
丧失勇气或信心
come
to
power
当权；上台
set
up
设立；建立
be
sentenced
to
被判处……（徒刑）
in
one’s
opinion
在某人看来
in
a
peaceful
way
用一种和平的方式
under
attack
遭到袭击；遭到抨击
be
equal
to
与……相等；胜任；能应付
be
grateful
to
sb
(for
sth)
(因某事)感激某人
escape
from
从……中逃脱
vote
for/against
投票支持/反对
be
willing/unwilling
to
do
愿意/不愿意做……
be
hopeful
about
对……满怀希望
【典句仿写】
1.
this
is/was
a
time
when...这是一个……的时期
【课文原句】However,
this
was
a
time
when
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg.
可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
【仿写】This
is
a
time
when
we
Chinese
have
both
a
great
many
challenges
and
opportunities.
这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。
2.
where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词
【课文原句】The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【仿写】We
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
must
start
taking
effective
measures
to
protect
the
environment
so
as
to
save
ourselves.
我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。
3.
only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装
【课文原句】
…,
only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到了那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
【仿写】【2018全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】
Only
when
you
come
to
China
can
you
experience
Chinese
food
culture.只有你来中国的时候你才能体验中国的饮食文化。
4.
the
first
time引导时间状语从句，类似的还有
each
time
/every
time/
the
last
time/(the)
next
time/the
moment
/
the
minute
/
the
second
/the
instant
等引导时间状语从句。
【课文原句】I
felt
bad
the
first
time
I
talked
to
a
group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
【仿写】The
first
time
they
visited
the
Science
Museum,
they
showed
great
interest
in
everything
they
saw.
他们第一次参观科技馆的时候，就对他们看到的所有事物产生了很大的兴趣。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
devote
vt.
(to
give
entirely
to
an
activity,
or
cause)专心于;献身
(1)
devote
oneself
to
sth/doing
sth
献身于……,致力于……
(2)
devoted
adj.
忠诚的;挚爱的
be
devoted
to
sth/doing
sth
忠诚于;专心于
(3)
devotion
n.
挚爱;奉献
devotion
to…
对……的忠诚/关爱
【名师点拨】
(1)devote作为及物动词,后面的宾语可以是time,
life,
money,
energy,也可以是oneself,也可以用于系表结构be
devoted
to。
(2)devote…to…中的to为介词,后跟名词或动名词等。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We
have
learned
a
great
deal
from
her
devotion
(devote)
to
her
work
and
her
readiness
to
help
others.
②Devoted
(devote)
to
scientific
research
wholeheartedly,
he
spends
little
time
with
his
family.
③He
continued
to
work
there
for
almost
50
years,
devoting
(devote)
his
life
to
his
research
work.
④I
will
make
every
effort
to
take
good
care
of
my
aged
grandfather
because
he
has
devoted
most
of
his
life
to
bringing
(bring)
up
two
generations.
(2)一句多译
他致力于社区活动，获得了周围人的赞扬。(devote)
①He
devoted
himself
to
community
activities
and
was
praised
by
the
people
around.
②Devoting
himself
to
community
activities,
he
was
praised
by
the
people
around.
(现在分词作状语)
③Devoted
to
community
activities,
he
was
praised
by
the
people
around.
(形容词作状语)
2.
equal
v．等于；抵得上
adj.
相等的；胜任的；平等的n．同等的人；相等物；对手
(1)
be
equal
to
sth
等于；比得上；胜任
be
equal
to
doing
sth
胜任做某事
A
equals
B
in...
A在……方面与B相匹敌
(2)
equality
n.
平等，相等；【数】等式
equally
adv.
相等地；同等地
【名师点拨】表示“胜任……”的表达还有：①be
fit
for
②be
qualified
for
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义
写出下列句中equal的词性及含义
①Any
man
will
be
equal
to
the
task,
as
long
as
he
is
careful.
You
should
give
it
a
try.
adj.
胜任的
②We
need
to
be
active
in
all
kinds
of
sports,
and
pay
attention
to
mental
health
which
is
equal
to
physical
health.
adj.
同等的
③Little
joy
can
equal
that
of
a
surprising
ending
when
you
read
stories.
vt.
等于；抵得上
④Beethoven
was
a
world-famous
musician,
who
had
no
equal
in
music.
n.
地位相等的人
(2)一句多译
【2019全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】尽管年轻，我胜任这个志愿者工作。
①Although
I
am
young,
I
am
fit
for
the
volunteer
work.
(fit)
②Young
as
I
am,
I
am
equal
to
the
volunteer
work.
(equal)
③Though
I
am
young,
I
am
qualified
for
the
volunteer
work_.
(qualify)
3.
escape
n.
逃跑;渗出;漏出
vi.
逃脱;避开
vt.
逃避;摆脱;被遗忘;未被注意
(1)
escape
(doing)
sth
逃避(做)
某事
escape
from...
从……逃脱；逃避
(2)
a
narrow
escape
九死一生；惊险逃脱
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①With
the
capture
of
the
escaped
(escape)
tiger,
everyone
felt
relieved.
②He
escaped
being
killed
(kill)
when
the
factory
exploded
because
he
had
not
gone
to
work.
(2)微写作
我刚到家外面就开始下雨了。真是侥幸逃过“一劫”。
As
soon
as
I
got
home
it
started
to
rain
outside—it
was
a
narrow
escape!
【常考短语】
1.
in
trouble
处于不幸中;处于困难或苦恼中
out
of
trouble
摆脱麻烦;远离是非
get
into
trouble
陷入困境(表动作)
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth
不辞辛劳地做某事
have
trouble
with
sth
做某事有困难
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth
做某事有困难
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①They
are
taking
the
trouble
to
find
(find)
the
right
person
for
the
right
job.
②I
have
some
trouble
reading
(read)
the
letter
because
his
handwriting
is
very
bad.
③It
was
when
we
were
returning
home
that
I
realized
what
a
good
feeling
it
was
to
have
helped
someone
in
trouble.
(2)微写作
①众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境.
As
is
known
to
us
all,
if
we
are
in
trouble,
it
is
not
our
phones
but
our
friends
that
can
really
help
us
out.
②劳拉一直是幸运的,因为每当她处在困境中时,总有人愿意伸出援手。
Laura
is
always
lucky,
for
whenever
(she
is)
in
trouble,
somebody
is
always
willing
to
lend
her
a
hand.
2.
turn
to
把(注意力,话题等)转到；转向；翻到(书的某页；求助于；致力于；开始从事；查阅；变成
turn
down
调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn
up
调大(音量等)；出现;露面
turn
in
上交
turn
out
结果是……；原来是……；被证明是
turn(…)
into…把(……)变成……
turn
on/off
打开/关掉
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义——写出下列句中turn
to的含义
①No
one
to
turn
to
in
such
a
frightening
situation,
she
felt
very
helpless.
求助于
②After
he
left
university
he
became
a
teacher,
but
later
turned
to
journalism.
开始从事
③You
shouldn’t
always
turn
to
the
dictionary
when
you
meet
new
words
in
reading.
查阅
④Follow
the
main
road
until
it
branches
and
then
turn
to
the
left.
转向
⑤Solids
turn
to
liquids
at
certain
temperatures.
变成
(2)单句填空——用turn短语的适当形式填空
①She
didn’t
turn
up
at
the
party
as
she
had
promised.
②It
turned
out
that
the
job
was
much
harder
than
we
had
thought.
③She’s
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
the
new
computer,
but
she
doesn’t
know
whom
to
turn
to.
④The
old
house
where
the
great
poet
once
lived
turned
into/to
a
museum.
3.
lose
heart
丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气
(1)
lose
one’s
heart
to
倾心于;爱上
put
one’s
heart
into...
一心扑在……上
learn
...
by
heart
背诵；记牢……
strike...
into
one’s
heart
…使某人刻骨铭心
(2)
heart
and
soul
全心全意地
【名师点拨】使用lose时要注意,有些短语没有物主代词而有些是有物主代词的。如:lose
weight减肥,体重减轻;lose
face丢面子;lose
one’s
temper发火;lose
one’s
head失控;lose
one’s
way迷路
【活学活用】
单句填空——用heart相关短语的适当形式填空
①Although
we
didn’t
win
the
match,
we
didn’t
lose
heart.
②It
is
a
good
practice
to
learn
by
heart
as
many
English
texts
as
possible.
③He
lost
his
heart
to
a
pretty
girl
who
turned
out
to
be
the
daughter
of
his
enemy.
④Tom
put
his
heart
into
the
wildlife
research,
and
finally,
his
efforts
earned
him
great
success
and
fame.
⑤Our
Party
was
founded
in
1921,
since
when
she
has
been
serving
the
people
heart
and
soul.
【必备句型】
1.
The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利,阻挡了我们的进步,直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【名师点拨】
(1)see,
witness常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历、见证”了某事。
(2)当先行词是stage,
point,
case,
situation,
position,
job,
business,
scene等表示抽象地点的名词,并且定语从句缺状语时,常用关系副词where来引导定语从句,相当于in
which。
【活学活用】
单句填空并翻译句子
①The
city
has
seen
(see)
many
changes
in
the
past
ten
years.
②These
ancient
buildings
have
witnessed
(witness)
the
rapid
growth
of
the
city
as
well
as
the
growth
of
this
country
over
the
years.
③Sales
director
is
a
position
where/in
which
communication
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sales
skills.
④Today,
we’ll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
where/in
which
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly
in
the
cases.
⑤Now
their
peace
talks
have
reached
a
key
stage
where/in
which
one
side
must
give
in
to
the
other.
2.
…only
then
did
we
decide
to
answer
violence
with
violence.
……只有到那个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
【名师点拨】句型公式：only+状语/状语从句+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语其余部分+…
当“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装,即把助动词、系动词be或情态动词提到主语的前面。但如果only放在句首修饰的是句子的主语,句子则不需要倒装。如:Only
I
know
him
here.
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Only
after
we’d
had
the
car
for
a
few
days
did
we
realize
we’d
been
taken
in
by
the
dealer.
②Only
after
we’ve
lost
everything
are
(be)
we
free
to
do
anything.
③Only
if
people
of
all
the
countries
are
united
will
we
be
able
to
solve
the
existing
problems
in
the
world
(2)完成句子
①Only
in
this
way
can
we
live
in
a
more
comfortable
and
beautiful
surroundings
(我们才能在更舒适和美丽的环境中生活)．
②Only
then
did
I
realize
(我才意识到)
that
it
was
foolish
of
me
to
break
away
from
all
of
my
friends
and
never
contact
them.
③Only
when
I
had
another
failure
in
my
job
seeking
was
I
aware
of
the
value
of
knowledge
(我才认识到知识的价值)
(aware)
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2019全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】We
are
confident
that
we
can
win
this
competition.
But
we
sincerely
hope
you
will
give
us
your
guidance
(guide)
and
encouragement.
②【2017天津卷】
He
is
a
devoted
(devote)
father
because
he
was
strict
with
his
daughter
and
encouraged
her
when
she
was
in
trouble.
③【2018北京卷】Travelling
along
the
old
Silk
Road
is
an
interesting
and
rewarding
(reward)
experience.
④【2019全国卷Ⅱ】Your
personal
circumstances
are
equally
(equal)
important.
⑤【2018北京卷书面表达】The
tea
house
witnessed
(witness)
a
really
enjoyable
time.
⑥【2019天津卷】Their
child
is
at
the
stage
where
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
⑦【2017北京卷书面表达】Much
to
our
surprise,
the
video
turned
out(结果)
to
be
well
received.
⑧【2018北京卷】Now
Mr.
Anderson
has
set
up
an
online
campaign
to
raise
money
for
Mr.
Smith
and
other
homeless
people
in
the
area.
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
our
school
in
the
last
few
years.
Our
school
has
witnessed
great
changes
in
the
last
few
years.
(用witness
表达某地经历了某事)
②【2016浙江卷书面表达】I
could
make
rapid
progress
with
bravery
and
perseverance.
Only
with
bravery
and
perseverance
could
I
make
rapid
progress.
(用only+状语置于句首的部分倒装升级)
【主题写作】
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jack回信，内容包括：①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；③该人物对你的影响。【分化步骤，先句后篇】
①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被他感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)
The
first
time
I
read
about
Zhang
Heng,
who
was
a
great
astronomer
and
inventor
in
ancient
China,
I
was
touched.
②他的一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。
During
his
life
time,
he
was
devoted
to
science
research
and
inventions,
including
the
famous
seismograph.
③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。
As
a
matter
of
fact,
he
got
laughed
at
when
he
first
introduced
his
seismograph.
④从未失去信心并继续研究。
He
never
lost
heart
but
went
on
his
research.
⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。
He
was
convinced
that
he
was
equal
to
doing
anything
only
when
he
believed
in
himself.
⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。
Nothing
could
reward
his
contributions
to
science.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用分词作状语升级第③句
As
a
matter
of
fact,
he
got
laughed
at
when
first
introducing
his
seismograph.
②利用倒装句升级1中句⑤
He
was
convinced
that
only
when
he
believed
in
himself
was
he
equal
to
doing
anything.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Dear
Jack,
Knowing
that
you’re
interested
in
ancient
Chinese
people,
I’m
more
than
delighted
to
share
with
you
my
idol
Zhang
Heng.
The
first
time
I
read
about
Zhang
Heng,
who
was
a
great
astronomer
and
inventor
in
ancient
China,
I
was
touched.
During
his
life
time,
he
was
devoted
to
scientific
research
and
inventions,
including
the
famous
seismograph.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
he
got
laughed
at
when
first
introducing
his
seismograph.
However,
he
never
lost
heart
but
went
on
with
his
research.
Above
all,
he
was
convinced
that
only
when
he
believed
in
himself
was
he
equal
to
doing
anything.
From
my
perspective,
nothing
could
reward
his
contributions
to
science.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
8
