必修1
Unit4
Earthquakes
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
(写出下列单词的词性和意义)
quake
n.
地震；震动
earthquake
n.
地震
well
n.
井
smelly
adj.
发臭的；有臭味的
pipe
n.
管；导管
million
n.
百万
canal
n.
运河；水道
steam
n.
蒸汽；水汽
dirt
n.
污垢；泥土
suffering
n.
苦难；痛苦
brick
n.
砖；砖块
shelter
n.
掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
dam
n.
水坝；堰堤
track
n.
轨道；足迹；痕迹
mine
n.
矿；矿山；矿井
miner
n.
矿工
bar
n.
条；棒；条状物
outline
n.
要点；大纲；轮廓
headline
n.
报刊的大字标题
cyclist
n.
骑自行车的人
二星写作词汇
event
n.
事件；大事
trap
vt.
使陷入困境n.
陷阱；困境
rescue
n.
&
vt.
援救；营救
disaster
n.
灾难；灾祸
title
n.
标题；头衔；资格
damage
n.
&
vt.
损失；损害
congratulation
n.
祝贺；(复数)贺词
nation
n.
民族；国家；国民
national
adj.
国家的；国民的；民族的；
extreme
adj.
极度的
extremely
adv.
非常，极其；极端地
destroy
vt.
破坏；毁坏；消灭
destruction
n.
破坏，毁灭；摧毁
useless
adj.
无用的；无效的；无益的
useful
adj.
有用的，有益的；有帮助的
shock
vt.
&
vi.
(使)震惊；震动
n.
休克；震惊
shocked
adj.
震惊的；震憾的
shocking
adj.
令人震惊的；可怕的
electricity
n.
电；电流；电学
electric
adj.
电的；电动的；发电的；导电的
electrical
adj.
有关电的；电气科学的
reporter
n.
记者report
n.
报告；报道；vt.
报告；报导
frighten
vt.
使惊吓；吓唬
frightened
adj.
受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening
adj.
令人恐惧的
sincerely
adv.
真诚地；真挚地
sincere
adj.
真诚的；诚挚的；真实的
express
vt.
表示；表达n.
快车；速递
expression
n.
表达；表情，脸色
三星高频词汇
burst
vi.
(burst,
burst)
爆裂；爆发
n.
突然破裂；爆发
ruin
n.
废墟；毁灭vt.
毁灭；使破产
injure
vt.
损害；伤害
injured
adj.
受伤的；受损害的
injury
n.
伤害，损害；受伤处
judge
n.
裁判员；法官vt.
断定；判断；判决
bury
vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
【构词法巧记单词】
2
1.“-ing”结尾的形容词
①shocking
令人震惊的
②frightening
令人害怕的
③terrifying
令人恐惧的
④disappointing
令人失望的
⑤amazing
令人惊讶的
⑥disgusting
令人厌恶的
2.“-ed”结尾的形容词
①shocked
震惊的
②frightened
感到害怕的；受惊的
③terrified
感到害怕的
④disappointed
感到失望的
⑤amazed
感到惊讶的
⑥disgusted
厌恶的
【短语巧记】
right
away
立刻；
马上
as
if
仿佛；好像
at
an
end
结束；
终结
in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
dig
out
掘出；
发现
a
(great)
number
of
许多；
大量的
cut
off
切断
be
trapped
in
陷入；被困在……之中
be
buried
in
埋头于
judge
(…)
by/from
从……判断(……)
give
out
分发；用尽，用完
in
the
open
air
在户外
as
usual
照例;像往常一样
be
proud
of
以……自豪
think
little
of
轻视；不假思索；认为……没价值
express
one’s
thanks
to
sb向某人表达某人的谢意
【典句仿写】
1.
too...to...意为
“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义.
【课文原句】In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
农家庭院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
【仿写】【2018北京卷书面表达】
As
the
old
saying
goes,
“It’s
never
late
to
learn.”
正如谚语所说，活到老，学到老。
2.
It
seems
as
if
…
似乎/好像……
【课文原句】It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日!
【仿写】A
young
couple
in
a
boat
were
eating,
talking
and
laughing
loudly
as
if
they
were
the
only
people
in
the
world.
一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
3.
was/were
doing...+when
+…+
did…
正在做…突然…
【课文原句】
The
man
was
sleeping
downstairs
when
the
earthquake
happened.
那名男子正在楼下睡觉突然发地震了。
【仿写】
I
was
wandering
along
the
street
when
the
hotel
opposite
fell
down.
我正在街上闲逛突然对面的酒店倒塌了。
4.
all
of
whom引导定语从句,
相当于
and
all
of
them，类似的还有
some/each/both/
neither/most/many/各种数词+
of
+which/whom
引导定语从句。
【课文原句】Your
speech
was
heard
by
five
judges,
all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year.
五位评委听了你的演讲,他们一致认为这是今年最好的演讲。
【仿写】【2016江苏卷】Many
young
people,
most
of
whom
were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
许多年轻人都出偏远地区追逐梦想，他们大多数都受过良好教育。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
burst
vi.
(使)破裂;爆发;突然出现
n.[C]突然破裂;迸发;爆发
burst
into
tears/laughter
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst
out
crying/laughing
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst
in
vi.
&
vt.闯入；突然破门而入
burst
in/
into…
vt.
闯入…；突然破门而入…
burst
with
anger/joy
勃然大怒/乐不可支
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
weather
turned
warm
unexpectedly,
making
the
trees
burst
into
leaves.
②He
is
always
bursting
with
curiosity
in
anything
and
wants
to
make
an
attempt
at
it.
③As
he
walked
into
the
classroom
with
that
funny-looking
hat,
everyone
burst
out
laughing
(laugh).
④Suddenly
the
door
opened
and
a
group
of
children
burst
in.
(2)一句多译
看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
①When
she
saw
her
classmates
burst
into
laughter
because
of
her
foolish
mistakes,
she
burst
into
tears.
(burst
into…)
②Seeing
her
classmates
burst
out
laughing
because
of
her
foolish
mistakes,
she
burst
out
crying.
(burst
out;
分词作状语)
2.
ruin
vt.
(使)毁灭;(使)破产
n.毁灭;
(常用复数)废墟;遗迹
(1)
(be/lie)
in
ruins
严重受损;破败不堪
be
reduced
to
ruins
沦为废墟
(2)
ruin
oneself
自取灭亡
ruin
one’s
health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Shortly
after
suffering
from
a
terrible
earthquake
and
being
reduced
to
ruins
(ruin),the
city
took
on
a
new
look.
②Many
a
famous
pop
star
has
been
ruined
(ruin)
by
drugs
in
the
past
few
years.
③It
has
rained
for
two
weeks
on
end,
completely
ruining
(ruin)
our
holiday.
④【2016全国III卷】When
they
returned
to
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins
(ruin).
(2)一句多译
他犯了个严重错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
①He
made
a
serious
mistake,
which
ruined
his
chance
of
going
abroad.
(定语从句)
②He
made
a
serious
mistake,
ruining
his
chance
of
going
abroad.
(分词作状语)
3.
injure
vt.
伤害
；损害
(1)
injured
adj.
受伤的
get
injured
受伤
the
injured
伤员
(2)
injury
n.
伤；伤口；伤害
do
sb
an
injury
伤害某人
do
an
injury
to
sb
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Believe
it
or
not,
what
you
said
just
now
injured
(injure)
her
pride.
②【2018北京卷】By
mile
17,
I
became
out
of
breath
and
the
once
injured
(injure)
ankle
hurt
badly.
③Dog’s
owners
should
be
responsible
if
their
pets
do
an
injury
(injure)
to
other
people
or
cause
damage
to
their
property.
(2)微写作
我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With
my
left
foot
seriously
injured,
I
can‘t
go
with
you
as
planned.
（with复合结构）
4.
bury
vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
bury
oneself
in
(doing)
sth
埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)
be
buried
in
(doing)
sth
埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
be
buried
in
thought
陷入沉思
【名师点拨】表达类似意义的结构短语还有：
①be
absorbed
in
专心于；全神贯注于
②be
lost
in
埋头于，迷失在……中
③be
engaged
in
参与；从事于；忙于
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
bench
in
the
park,
burying
(bury)
herself
in
the
book.
②He
stood
on
the
sidewalk
with
his
hands
buried
(bury)
in
the
pockets
of
his
dark
coat.
③She
sat
on
the
ground,
buried
(bury)
in
thought.
④He
sank
into
a
chair,
burying
(bury)
his
face
in
his
hands.
(2)一句多译
我父亲在专心看书，没注意到我走进了房间。（bury)
①My
father
was
buried
in
a
book
and
he
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
②My
father
buried
himself
in
a
book
and
he
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
③My
father,
who
was
buried
in
a
book,
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
(定语从句)
④My
father,
burying
himself
in
a
book,
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
(现在分词)
⑤My
father,
buried
in
a
book,
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
(过去分词作定语)
5.
judge
n.法官;裁判员
vt.
&
vi.判决;判断;断定
(1)
judging
from/by…
根据……来判断
(2)
judge
+
sb/sth
+
from/by…
以……来判断……
(3)
judgement
/judgment
n.
判断,审判;判断力
【名师点拨】judging
from/by…置于句首作状语。v.-ing形式不受主语的限制,
构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally
speaking一般来说；honestly
speaking
坦白地说；considering…考虑到……
【活学活用】
单句填空
①It
proved
to
be
difficult
to
make
a
judgement
(judge)
about
how
well
the
school
was
performing.
②You
have
no
right
to
judge
(judge)
other
people.
③As
students
differ
from
each
other
in
many
aspects,
they
should
never
be
judged
(judge)
by
their
scores.
④Judging
(judge)
from
the
above
story,
we
can
draw
the
conclusion
that
we
don’t
judge
a
man
from/by
his
looks.
【常考短语】
1.
at
an
end
结束；终结
(1)
at
the
end
of...
在……尽头，在……末端
by
the
end
of
到……结束时
(多用完成时态）
in
the
end
最后；终于
(2)
come
to
an
end
结束
put
an
end
to
sth
结束/终结某事
make
ends
meet
使收支相抵
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
meeting
came
to
an
end
and
he
set
down
a
number
of
key
words.
②At
first
he
refused
to
accept
any
responsibility
but
he
ended
up
apologizing
(apologize)．
③His
newly
written
novel
had
been
translated
(translate)
into
English
by
the
end
of
last
month.
④By
the
end
of
this
week,
I
will
have
finished
(finish)
most
of
the
work.
(2)用end短语的适当形式填空
①I
must
warn
you
that
my
patience
is
almost
at
an
end
(耗尽).
②We
were
thinking
about
going
to
Switzerland,
but
in
the
end
(最终)
we
went
to
Austria.
③【2019北京卷】By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
not
sooner,
the
world’s
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
2.
a
(great)
number
of
许多；大量的
【“许多”大家族】
a
large/great
number
of
+[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
large
/great
numbers
of
+[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
a
good/great
many
(=many)
+[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
a
large/great
amount
of
+[U]
作主语时，谓语用单数
large
/great
amounts
of
+[U]
作主语时，谓语用复数
a
good/great
deal
of
+[U]
作主语时，谓语用单数
a
lot
of/lots
of/a
large
quantity
of
+[U]/[C]
作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致
large
quantities
of
+[U]/[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
【名师点拨】与数量相关的常用写作短语
a
growing
number
of
起来越多的
an
increasing
number
of
起来越多的
the
number
of
......的数量（作主语时，谓语用单数）
【活学活用】
单句填空
①In
China,
the
number
of
cities
is
increasing
whose
development
is
recognized
across
the
world.
(a
number
of/the
number
of)
②As
China
develops
fast
and
steady,
a
number
of
foreigners
are
learning
Chinese
as
a
second
language.
(a
number
of/the
number
of)
③A
great
deal
of
money
was
donated
(donate)
to
a
university
by
an
ordinary
worker,
which
aroused
public
attention.
④With
more
and
more
forests
cut
down,
large
quantities
of
soil
were
(be)
being
washed
away.
【必备句型】
1.
In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
【名师点拨】
句型公式：too＋adj./adv.
(for
sb)
＋to
do
sth意为
“太…而不能…”，表示否定意义
(1)当too＋adj./adv.
(for
sb)
＋to
do
sth用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious,
eager,
glad,
happy,
pleased,
ready,
willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(2)can’t/can
never
too+
adj.
再怎么……也不过分,
相当于
“can’t
/can
never
be
+
adj.
+
enough
”
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空并翻译句子
①Little
John
is
too
young
to
take
(take)
up
the
difficult
job.
②He
was
too
eager
to
know
the
result
of
his
examination.
③You
can't
be
too
careful
when
you
do
your
homework.
(2)一句多译
人在做这样的实验时越仔细越好
①One
can
never
be
too
careful
when
doing
such
an
experiment.
②One
can
never
be
careful
enough
when
doing
such
an
experiment.
2.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
【名师点拨】
句型公式：It
seemed/seems
(to
sb)
as
if/though...
(对某人来说)似乎……
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极小可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were/was
与过去事实相反：had
done
与将来事实相反：would/could＋do
(3)如as
if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词
【活学活用】
单句填空
①When
a
pencil
is
partly
put
into
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
were/was
broken
(break).
②It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.
Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
had
done
(do)
it?
③She
walked
here
and
there
on
the
playground
as
if
looking
(look)
for
something.
④From
time
to
time,
when
I
looked
up
from
my
page,
I
saw
the
master
looking
about
him
as
if
to
impress
(impress)
upon
his
mind
everything
in
the
room.
⑤Live
as
if
you
were
to
die
tomorrow.
Learn
as
if
you
were
(be)
to
live
forever.
3.
All
hope
was
not
lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
【名师点拨】
句型公式：all...
not...＝not
all...，意为
“并非所有的……都……”，部分否定。
(1)当not与含“全部/所有/任何”
等意义的词与not连用，如：all,
both,
everything,
everyone,
everything,
everywhere,
always等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”。
(2)当not与any,
anyone,
anywhere,
anything等词连用或出现no,
nothing,
nobody,
nowhere,
none时是完全否定。
【活学活用】
补全句子/单句填空
①He
told
me
all
pieces
of
the
news,
but
none
(of
them)
is
interesting
(没有一个有趣的).
②Our
English
teacher
is
excellent,
but
he
can’t
help
everyone
(不能帮助每一个人)
in
the
class
in
50
minutes.
③【2018浙江卷写作】Dad
proposed
that
we
should
walk
along
the
river
which
may
lead
us
to
the
farm
house
and
nothing
(没有什么)
seemed
better
than
that.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2018北京卷】A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
②【2019北京卷】They
are
extremely
(extreme)
important
in
the
safe
and
effective
running
of
our
programmes.
③【2018北京卷】
A
month
before
my
first
marathon,
one
of
my
ankles
was
injured
(injure),
leaving
me
only
two
weeks
to
train.
④【2018江苏卷】The
economic
impact
of
the
arts
is
often
overlooked
and
badly
judged
(judge)．
⑤【2016北京卷书面表达】
We
are
proud
of
ourselves
(为自己感到骄傲)
and
believe
we
can
do
more
for
a
better
world.
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2017天津卷书面表达】Though
I’m
busy
in
reading
books
these
days,
I
have
still
joined
several
student
clubs
in
order
to
improve
myself.
Though
buried
in
books
these
days,
I
have
still
joined
several
student
clubs
in
order
to
improve
myself.
(状语从句省略；升级蓝色字体词汇)
②【2017全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】Besides,
there
are
many
artists
whose
masterpieces
will
be
on
exhibition.
In
addition,
there
are
a
great
number
of
artists
whose
masterpieces
will
be
on
exhibition.
(升级蓝色字体词汇)
【主题写作】
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
【分化步骤，先句后篇】
1.
列提纲，补全要点句。
①我写信衷心地感激你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不会恢复正常。
I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
because
without
it
my
life
couldn’t
have
returned
to
normal.
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A
few
days
ago,
an
extremely
frightening
earthquake
struck
my
hometown,
which
left
a
great
number
of
houses
in
ruins
and
completely
destroyed
my
house.
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。
I
was
shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
so
I
burst
into
tears.
④仿佛到了世界末日！
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end.
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力的帮助让我有了避难之处，有了赖以存活的足够的食物和水。
Strangers
as
you
are,
you
have
done
everything
you
can
to
help
us
have
a
shelter
to
live
in
and
enough
food
and
water
to
survive
on.
⑥我再怎么表达我的衷心感激也不为过。
I
can’t
express
my
heartfelt
appreciation
too
much.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级1中句①
I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
without
which
my
life
couldn’t
have
returned
to
normal.
②利用分词作状语升级1中句③
Shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
I
burst
into
tears.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Dear
sir/madam,
I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
without
which
my
life
couldn’t
have
returned
to
normal.
A
few
days
ago,
an
extremely
frightening
earthquake
struck
my
hometown,
which
left
a
great
number
of
houses
in
ruins
and
completely
destroyed
my
house.
Shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
I
burst
into
tears.
As
far
as
I
can
judge,
it
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end.
Thankfully,
strangers
as
you
are,
you
have
done
everything
you
can
to
help
me
have
a
shelter
to
live
in
and
enough
food
and
water
to
survive
on.
Therefore,
I
can’t
express
my
heartfelt
gratitude
too
much.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
10必修1
Unit4
Earthquakes
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
(写出下列单词的词性和意义)
quake
n.
地震；震动
earthquake
n.
地震
well
n.
井
smelly
adj.
发臭的；有臭味的
pipe
n.
管；导管
million
n.
百万
canal
n.
运河；水道
steam
n.
蒸汽；水汽
dirt
n.
污垢；泥土
suffering
n.
苦难；痛苦
brick
n.
砖；砖块
shelter
n.
掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
dam
n.
水坝；堰堤
track
n.
轨道；足迹；痕迹
mine
n.
矿；矿山；矿井
miner
n.
矿工
bar
n.
条；棒；条状物
outline
n.
要点；大纲；轮廓
headline
n.
报刊的大字标题
cyclist
n.
骑自行车的人
二星写作词汇
event
n.
事件；大事
trap
vt.
使陷入困境n.
陷阱；困境
rescue
n.
&
vt.
援救；营救
disaster
n.
灾难；灾祸
title
n.
标题；头衔；资格
damage
n.
&
vt.
损失；损害
congratulation
n.
祝贺；(复数)贺词
nation
n.
民族；国家；国民
national
adj.
国家的；国民的；民族的；
extreme
adj.
极度的
extremely
adv.
非常，极其；极端地
destroy
vt.
破坏；毁坏；消灭
destruction
n.
破坏，毁灭；摧毁
useless
adj.
无用的；无效的；无益的
useful
adj.
有用的，有益的；有帮助的
shock
vt.
&
vi.
(使)震惊；震动
n.
休克；震惊
shocked
adj.
震惊的；震憾的
shocking
adj.
令人震惊的；可怕的
electricity
n.
电；电流；电学
electric
adj.
电的；电动的；发电的；导电的
electrical
adj.
有关电的；电气科学的
reporter
n.
记者report
n.
报告；报道；vt.
报告；报导
frighten
vt.
使惊吓；吓唬
frightened
adj.
受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening
adj.
令人恐惧的
sincerely
adv.
真诚地；真挚地
sincere
adj.
真诚的；诚挚的；真实的
express
vt.
表示；表达n.
快车；速递
expression
n.
表达；表情，脸色
三星高频词汇
burst
vi.
(burst,
burst)
爆裂；爆发
n.
突然破裂；爆发
ruin
n.
废墟；毁灭vt.
毁灭；使破产
injure
vt.
损害；伤害
injured
adj.
受伤的；受损害的
injury
n.
伤害，损害；受伤处
judge
n.
裁判员；法官vt.
断定；判断；判决
bury
vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
【构词法巧记单词】
2
1.“-ing”结尾的形容词
①shocking
令人震惊的
②frightening
令人害怕的
③terrifying
令人恐惧的
④disappointing
令人失望的
⑤amazing
令人惊讶的
⑥disgusting
令人厌恶的
2.“-ed”结尾的形容词
①shocked
震惊的
②frightened
感到害怕的；受惊的
③terrified
感到害怕的
④disappointed
感到失望的
⑤amazed
感到惊讶的
⑥disgusted
厌恶的
【短语巧记】
right
away
立刻；
马上
as
if
仿佛；好像
at
an
end
结束；
终结
in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
dig
out
掘出；
发现
a
(great)
number
of
许多；
大量的
cut
off
切断
be
trapped
in
陷入；被困在……之中
be
buried
in
埋头于
judge
(…)
by/from
从……判断(……)
give
out
分发；用尽，用完
in
the
open
air
在户外
as
usual
照例;像往常一样
be
proud
of
以……自豪
think
little
of
轻视；不假思索；认为……没价值
express
one’s
thanks
to
sb向某人表达某人的谢意
【典句仿写】
1.
too...to...意为
“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义.
【课文原句】In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
农家庭院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西。
【仿写】【2018北京卷书面表达】
As
the
old
saying
goes,
“It’s
never
late
to
learn.”
正如谚语所说，活到老，学到老。
2.
It
seemed
as
if
…
似乎/好像……
【课文原句】It
seems
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日!
【仿写】A
young
couple
in
a
boat
were
eating,
talking
and
laughing
loudly
as
if
they
were
the
only
people
in
the
world.
一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
3.
was/were
doing...+when
+…+
did…
正在做…突然…
【课文原句】
The
man
was
sleeping
downstairs
when
the
earthquake
happened.
那名男子正在楼下睡觉突然发地震了。
【仿写】
I
was
wandering
along
the
street
when
the
hotel
opposite
fell
down.
我正在街上闲逛突然对面的酒店倒塌了。
4.
all
of
whom引导定语从句,
相当于
and
all
of
them，类似的还有
some/each/both/
neither/most/many/各种数词+
of
+which/whom
引导定语从句。
【课文原句】Your
speech
was
heard
by
five
judges,
all
of
whom
agreed
that
it
was
the
best
one
this
year.
五位评委听了你的演讲,他们一致认为这是今年最好的演讲。
【仿写】【2016江苏卷】Many
young
people,
most
of
whom
were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
许多年轻人都出偏远地区追逐梦想，他们大多数都受过良好教育。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
burst
vi.
(使)破裂;爆发;突然出现
n.[C]突然破裂;迸发;爆发
burst
into
tears/laughter
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst
out
crying/laughing
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst
in
vi.
闯入；突然破门而入
burst
in/
into…
vt.
闯入…；突然破门而入…
burst
with
anger/joy
勃然大怒/乐不可支
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
weather
turned
warm
unexpectedly,
making
the
trees
burst
into
leaves.
②He
is
always
bursting
with
curiosity
in
anything
and
wants
to
make
an
attempt
at
it.
③As
he
walked
into
the
classroom
with
that
funny-looking
hat,
everyone
burst
out
laughing
(laugh).
④Suddenly
the
door
opened
and
a
group
of
children
burst
in
(2)一句多译
看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
①When
she
saw
her
classmates
burst
into
laughter
because
of
her
foolish
mistakes,
she
burst
into
tears.
(burst
into…)
②Seeing
her
classmates
burst
out
laughing
because
of
her
foolish
mistakes,
she
burst
out
crying.
(burst
out;
分词作状语)
2.
ruin
vt.
(使)毁灭;(使)破产
n.毁灭;
(常用复数)废墟;遗迹
(1)
(be/lie)
in
ruins
严重受损;破败不堪
be
reduced
to
ruins
沦为废墟
(2)
ruin
oneself
自取灭亡
ruin
one’s
health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Shortly
after
suffering
from
a
terrible
earthquake
and
being
reduced
to
ruins
(ruin),the
city
took
on
a
new
look.
②Many
a
famous
pop
star
has
been
ruined
(ruin)
by
drugs
in
the
past
few
years.
③It
has
rained
for
two
weeks
on
end,
completely
ruining
(ruin)
our
holiday.
④【2016全国III卷】When
they
returned
to
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins
(ruin).
(2)一句多译
他犯了个严重错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
①He
made
a
serious
mistake,
which
ruined
his
chance
of
going
abroad.
(定语从句)
②He
made
a
serious
mistake,
ruining
his
chance
of
going
abroad.
(分词作状语)
3.
injure
vt.
伤害
；损害
(1)
injured
adj.
受伤的
get
injured
受伤
the
injured
伤员
(2)
injury
n.
伤；伤口；伤害
do
sb
an
injury
伤害某人
do
an
injury
to
sb
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Believe
it
or
not,
what
you
said
just
now
injured
(injure)
her
pride.
②【2018北京卷】By
mile
17,
I
became
out
of
breath
and
the
once
injured
(injure)
ankle
hurt
badly.
③Dog’s
owners
should
be
responsible
if
their
pets
do
an
injury
(injure)
to
other
people
or
cause
damage
to
their
property.
(2)微写作
我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。
With
my
left
foot
seriously
injured,
I
can‘t
go
with
you
as
planned.
（with复合结构）
4.
bury
vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
bury
oneself
in
(doing)
sth
埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)
be
buried
in
(doing)
sth
埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
be
buried
in
thought
陷入沉思
【名师点拨】表达类似意义的结构短语还有：
①be
absorbed
in
专心于；全神贯注于
②be
lost
in
埋头于，迷失在……中
③be
engaged
in
参与；从事于；忙于
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
girl
was
sitting
on
the
bench
in
the
park,
burying
(bury)
herself
in
the
book.
②He
stood
on
the
sidewalk
with
his
hands
buried
(bury)
in
the
pockets
of
his
dark
coat.
③She
sat
on
the
ground,
buried
(bury)
in
thought.
④He
sank
into
a
chair,
burying
(bury)
his
face
in
his
hands.
(2)一句多译
我父亲在专心看书，没注意到我走进了房间。（bury)
①My
father
was
buried
in
a
book
and
he
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
②My
father
buried
himself
in
a
book
and
he
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
③My
father,
who
was
buried
in
a
book,
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
(定语从句)
④My
father,
burying
himself
in
a
book,
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
(现在分词)
⑤My
father,
buried
in
a
book,
didn’t
notice
me
walk
into
the
room.
(过去分词作定语)
5.
judge
n.法官;裁判员
vt.
&
vi.判决;判断;断定
(1)
judging
from/by…
根据……来判断
(2)
judge
+
sb/sth
+
from/by…
以……来判断……
(3)
judgement
/judgment
n.
判断,审判;判断力
【名师点拨】judging
from/by…置于句首作状语。v.-ing形式不受主语的限制,
构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally
speaking一般来说；honestly
speaking
坦白地说；considering…考虑到……
【活学活用】
单句填空
①It
proved
to
be
difficult
to
make
a
judgement
(judge)
about
how
well
the
school
was
performing.
②You
have
no
right
to
judge
(judge)
other
people.
③As
students
differ
from
each
other
in
many
aspects,
they
should
never
be
judged
(judge)
by
their
scores.
④Judging
(judge)
from
the
above
story,
we
can
draw
the
conclusion
that
we
don’t
judge
a
man
from/by
his
looks.
【常考短语】
1.
at
an
end
结束；终结
(1)
at
the
end
of...
在……尽头，在……末端
by
the
end
of
到……结束时
(多用完成时态）
in
the
end
最后；终于
(2)
come
to
an
end
结束
put
an
end
to
sth
结束/终结某事
make
ends
meet
使收支相抵
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
meeting
came
to
an
end
and
he
set
down
a
number
of
key
words.
②At
first
he
refused
to
accept
any
responsibility
but
he
ended
up
apologizing
(apologize)．
③His
newly
written
novel
had
been
translated
(translate)
into
English
by
the
end
of
last
month.
④By
the
end
of
this
week,
I
will
have
finished
(finish)
most
of
the
work.
(2)用end短语的适当形式填空
①I
must
warn
you
that
my
patience
is
almost
at
an
end
(耗尽).
②We
were
thinking
about
going
to
Switzerland,
but
in
the
end
(最终)
we
went
to
Austria.
③【2019北京卷】By
the
end
of
the
century,
if
not
sooner,
the
world’s
oceans
will
be
bluer
and
greener
thanks
to
a
warming
climate,
according
to
a
new
study.
2.
a
(great)
number
of
许多；大量的
【“许多”大家族】
a
large/great
number
of
+[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
large
/great
numbers
of
+[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
a
good/great
many
(=many)
+[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
a
large/great
amount
of
+[U]
作主语时，谓语用单数
large
/great
amounts
of
+[U]
作主语时，谓语用复数
a
good/great
deal
of
+[U]
作主语时，谓语用单数
a
lot
of/lots
of/a
large
quantity
of
+[U]/[C]
作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致
large
quantities
of
+[U]/[C]
作主语时，谓语用复数
【名师点拨】与数量相关的常用写作短语
a
growing
number
of
起来越多的
an
increasing
number
of
起来越多的
the
number
of
......的数量（作主语时，谓语用单数）
【活学活用】
单句填空
①In
China,
the
number
of
cities
is
increasing
whose
development
is
recognized
across
the
world.
(a
number
of/the
number
of)
②As
China
develops
fast
and
steady,
a
number
of
foreigners
are
learning
Chinese
as
a
second
language.
(a
number
of/the
number
of)
③A
great
deal
of
money
was
donated
(donate)
to
a
university
by
an
ordinary
worker,
which
aroused
public
attention.
④With
more
and
more
forests
cut
down,
large
quantities
of
soil
were
(be)
being
washed
away.
【必备句型】
1.
In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
【名师点拨】
句型公式：too＋adj./adv.
(for
sb)
＋to
do
sth意为
“太…而不能…”，表示否定意义
(1)当too＋adj./adv.
(for
sb)
＋to
do
sth用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious,
eager,
glad,
happy,
pleased,
ready,
willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(2)can’t/can
never
too+
adj.
再怎么……也不过分,
相当于
“can’t
/can
never
be
+
adj.
+
enough
”
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空并翻译句子
①Little
John
is
too
young
to
take
(take)
up
the
difficult
job.
②He
was
too
eager
to
know
the
result
of
his
examination.
③You
can't
be
too
careful
when
you
do
your
homework.
(2)一句多译
人在做这样的实验时越仔细越好
①One
can
never
be
too
careful
when
doing
such
an
experiment.
②One
can
never
be
careful
enough
when
doing
such
an
experiment.
2.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
【名师点拨】
句型公式：It
seemed/seems
(to
sb.)
as
if/though...
(对某人来说)似乎……
(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极小可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were
与过去事实相反：had
done
与将来事实相反：would/could＋do
(3)如as
if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词
【活学活用】
单句填空
①When
a
pencil
is
partly
put
into
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
were
broken
(break).
②It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.
Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
had
done
(do)
it?
③She
walked
here
and
there
on
the
playground
as
if
looking
(look)
for
something.
④From
time
to
time,
when
I
looked
up
from
my
page,
I
saw
the
master
looking
about
him
as
if
to
impress
(impress)
upon
his
mind
everything
in
the
room.
⑤Live
as
if
you
were
to
die
tomorrow.
Learn
as
if
you
were
(be)
to
live
forever.
3.
All
hope
was
not
lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
【名师点拨】
句型公式：all...not...＝not
all...，意为
“并非所有的……都……”，部分否定。
(1)当not与含“全部/所有/任何”
等意义的词与not连用，如：all,
both,
everything,
everyone,
everything,
everywhere,
always等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”。
(2)当not与any,
anyone,
anywhere,
anything等词连用或出现no,
nothing,
nobody,
nowhere,
none时是完全否定。
【活学活用】
补全句子/单句填空
①He
told
me
all
pieces
of
the
news,
but
none
(of
them)
is
interesting
(没有一个有趣的).
②Our
English
teacher
is
excellent,
but
he
can’t
help
everyone
(不能帮助每一个人)
in
the
class
in
50
minutes.
③【2018浙江卷写作】Dad
proposed
that
we
should
walk
along
the
river
which
may
lead
us
to
the
farm
house
and
nothing
(没有什么)
seemed
better
than
that.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2018北京卷】A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
②【2019北京卷】They
are
extremely
(extreme)
important
in
the
safe
and
effective
running
of
our
programmes.
③【2018北京卷】
A
month
before
my
first
marathon,
one
of
my
ankles
was
injured
(injure),
leaving
me
only
two
weeks
to
train.
④【2018江苏卷】The
economic
impact
of
the
arts
is
often
overlooked
and
badly
judged
(judge)．
⑤【2016北京卷书面表达】
We
are
proud
of
ourselves
(为自己感到骄傲)
and
believe
we
can
do
more
for
a
better
world.
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2017天津卷书面表达】Though
I’m
busy
in
reading
books
these
days,
I
have
still
joined
several
student
clubs
in
order
to
improve
myself.
Though
buried
in
books
these
days,
I
have
still
joined
several
student
clubs
in
order
to
improve
myself.
(状语从句省略；升级蓝色字体词汇)
②【2017全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】Besides,
there
are
many
artists
whose
masterpieces
will
be
on
exhibition.
In
addition,
there
are
a
great
number
of
artists
whose
masterpieces
will
be
on
exhibition.
(升级蓝色字体词汇)
【主题写作】
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
【分化步骤，先句后篇】
1.
列提纲，补全要点句。
①我写信衷心地感激你们及时的援助，因为没有你们的援助我的生活就不会恢复正常。
I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
because
without
it
my
life
couldn’t
have
returned
to
normal.
②几天前，一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡，使得许多房屋成为废墟并彻底毁坏了我的家。(定语从句)
A
few
days
ago,
an
extremely
frightening
earthquake
struck
my
hometown,
which
left
a
great
number
of
houses
in
ruins
and
completely
destroyed
my
house.
③我震惊地发现一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起来。
I
was
shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
so
I
burst
into
tears.
④仿佛到了世界末日！
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end.
⑤尽管你们是陌生人，但是你们竭尽全力的帮助让我有了避难之处，有了赖以存活的足够的食物和水。
Strangers
as
you
are,
you
have
done
everything
you
can
to
help
us
have
a
shelter
to
live
in
and
enough
food
and
water
to
survive
on.
⑥我再怎么表达我的衷心感激也不为过。
I
can’t
express
my
heartfelt
appreciation
too
much.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句升级1中句①
I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
without
which
my
life
couldn’t
have
returned
to
normal.
②利用分词作状语升级1中句③
Shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
I
burst
into
tears.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Dear
sir/madam,
I’m
writing
to
express
my
sincere
thanks
for
your
timely
rescue,
without
which
my
life
couldn’t
have
returned
to
normal.
A
few
days
ago,
an
extremely
frightening
earthquake
struck
my
hometown,
which
left
a
great
number
of
houses
in
ruins
and
completely
destroyed
my
house.
Shocked
to
find
everything
buried
under
the
fallen
house,
I
burst
into
tears.
As
far
as
I
can
judge,
it
seemed
as
if
the
world
was
at
an
end.
Thankfully,
strangers
as
you
are,
you
have
done
everything
you
can
to
help
me
have
a
shelter
to
live
in
and
enough
food
and
water
to
survive
on.
Therefore,
I
can’t
express
my
heartfelt
gratitude
too
much.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
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