必修4
Unit2
Working
the
land
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
statistic
n.数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
circulate
vt.
&
vi.
循环；流传
Vietnam
n.
越南(东南亚国家)
grain
n.
谷物；粮食；颗粒
nutrition
n.
营养；滋养；食物
chemical
adj.
化学的；关于化学的
fertilizer
n.
肥料；化肥
organic
adj.
有机的；器官的；组织的
production
n.
生产；制造
bacteria
n.(bacterium的复数形式)细菌
pest
n.
害虫；害兽；害鸟
mineral
n.
矿物；矿石
producer
n.
生产者；制片人
industrial
adj.
工业的；产业的
二星写作词汇
sunburnt
adj.
晒黑的
decade
n.
十年；十年期
super
adj.
特级的；超级的
crop
n.
庄稼；农作物；产量
expand
vt.
&
vi.
使变大；伸展
rid
vt.
摆脱；除去
(rid
/ridded
,
rid
/ridded
)
therefore
adj.
因此；所以；因而
soil
n.
土壤
root
n.
根；根源
skim
vt.
浏览；略读
underline
vt.
画底线标出；强调
summary
n.
总结；摘要；概要
comment
n.
评论；议论vi.
&
vt.
表达意见；作出评论
output
n.
产量；输出反义
input
n.
投入；输入
vt.
输入；将…输入电脑
hunger
n.
饥饿；欲望vt.
&
vi.
(使)饥饿
hungry
adj.
饥饿的；渴望的
disturbing
adj.
引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb
vt.&
vi
打扰;妨碍disturbed
adj.
扰乱的;受到干扰的
nationality
n.
国籍
national
adj.
国家的；国民的；民族的；国立的nation
n.
国家；民族；国民
personality
n.
性格；个性；人格personal
adj.
个人的；身体的；亲自的
person
n.
人；人称
personally
adv.
亲自地；当面；个别地；就自己而言
freedom
n.
自由；自主
free
adj.
免费的；自由的vt.
使自由，解放；释放
adv.
自由地；免费
export
vt.
&
vi.
输出；出口反义import
vt.
&
vi.
输入，进口n.
进口，进口货
occupation
n.
工作；职业；占领occupy
vt.
占据，占领；居住；使忙碌
discovery
n.
发现；发觉discover
vt.
发现；发觉
battle
n.
战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.
&
vi.
搏斗；奋斗
三星高频词汇
struggle
vt.
&
vi.
斗争；拼搏；努力
equip
vt.
&
vi.
配备；装备equipment
n.
设备，装备
regret
vt.
遗憾；惋惜n.
遗憾；懊悔
confuse
vt.
使迷惑；使为难confused
adj.
困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的
confusing
adj.
混乱的；混淆的；令人困惑的confusion
n.
混淆，混乱；困惑
focus
n.
焦点；中心点vt.
集中；聚集
reduce
vt.
减少；减缩
reduction
n.
减少；下降；缩小
【短语巧记】
thanks
to
幸亏；由于；因为
rid…
of
使......摆脱或除去
be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
would
rather
宁愿；宁可
build
up
逐渐增强；建立；开发
lead
to
导致；造成(后果)
focus
on
集中(注意力、精力等)于
with
the
hope
of
怀着……的希望
in
addition
另外
be
rich
in
盛产;富于
make
a
difference
有关系;有影响；有所作为
struggle
for
为……而斗争;努力争取……
equip…with…
用……装备……
care
about
关心;在乎
keep
…
free
from/of
使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
【联想法巧记短语】
1.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦
①be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
②be
content
with
对……满意
③be
pleased
with
对……满意
④be
familiar
with
对……熟悉
⑤be
bored
with
对……厌烦
⑥be
bothered
with
为……烦恼
2.
“因为”知多少
①thanks
to
幸亏;由于
②because
of
因为
③owing
to
由于,因为
④due
to
由于;
因为
⑤on
account
of
由于;
因为
⑥as
a
result
of
由于;作为...的结果
【典句仿写】
1.
if
so状语从句的省略形式
【课文原句】If
so,
what
did
you
do
to
grow
them?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
【仿写】
【2018全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】
I’m
Li
Hua,
I’m
wondering
if
you
are
available
at
the
weekend.
If
so,
let’s
have
a
face-to-face
talk
about
table
manners.我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。
2.
the＋序数词
(＋名词)＋to
do
sth
【课文原句】In
1973,
he
became
the
first
agricultural
pioneer
in
the
world
to
grow
rice
that
has
a
high
output.1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
【仿写】
【2018全国Ⅰ书面表达】Most
importantly,
the
elderly
are
the
first
to
taste
the
delicious
food
because
they
are
well
respected
in
China.
重要的是，老人是第一个品尝餐桌上美食的人，因为在中国老人受到尊重。
3.
“make
it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，it为形式宾语
【课文原句】This
special
strain
of
rice
makes
it
possible
to
produce
20%
more
of
the
crop
in
the
same
fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
【仿写】Your
smile
is
one
of
the
strongest
tools
that
make
it
possible
for
you
to
meet
new
people.
你的微笑是使你结识新人最强大的工具之一。
4.
“over/in/during
the
past/last+段时间
”
作状语时，谓语一般用现在完成时
【课文原句】Over
the
past
half
century,
using
chemical
fertilizers
has
become
very
common
in
farming.
在过去的半个世纪中，农业中使用化肥是非常普遍的。
【仿写】Over
the
past
half
year,
students
have
experienced
the
most
unusual
study
style.
在过去的半年里，学生们体验了最不同寻常的学习方式。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
struggle
vi.
&
n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
struggle
to
do
sth
努力做某事；挣扎着做某事
struggle
for...
为……而斗争；与……作斗争
struggle
with/against...
同……搏斗
struggle
to
one’s
feet
挣扎着站起来
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We
have
to
struggle
with/against
all
kinds
of
difficulties
from
home
and
abroad.
②【2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】In
the
short
film,
you
can
learn
that
my
school
has
been
struggling
for
a
better
future.
③Mary
had
struggled
to
find
(find)
a
job
for
months,
and
finally
took
a
position
at
a
local
advertising
agency.
④The
lion
made
a
sudden
angry
noise
and
struggled
to
its
feet.
2.
equip
vt.
&
vi.(to
supply
sb/sth
with
what
is
needed
for
a
particular
purpose)
装备;配备
(1)
equip...
with...
用……装备……
be
equipped
with
装备着……
(2)
equipment
n.
装备；设备(不可数名词)
a
piece
of
equipment
一件设备
【活学活用】
(1)
单句填空
①A
new
school
building
with
each
room
equip
with
computers
is
under
construction
in
the
university.
②It
is
often
said
that
human
beings
are
naturally
equipped
to
speak
(speak)．
③Equipping
(equip)
schools
with
computers
and
teaching
information
technology
is
one
of
the
priorities
of
education.
(2)句式升级
He
is
equipped
with
much
experience
in
teaching,
so
he
is
well
respected
by
all
his
students.
Equipped
with
much
experience
in
teaching,
he
is
well
respected
by
all
his
students.
(过去分词作状语)
Equipping
himself
with
much
experience
in
teaching,
he
is
well
respected
by
all
his
students.
(现在分词作状语)
3.
confuse
vt.使迷惑;使为难;使混乱;混淆
(1)
confuse
A
with/and
B
把A与B混淆
(2)
confused
adj.
(人)不知所措的;困惑的
be/get
confused
with/about
对……感到困惑
(3)
confusing
adj.
(事/物)令人困惑的;难懂的
(4)
confusion
n.困惑
【活学活用】
单句填空
①There
was
a
confused
look
on
his
face
when
he
met
with
a
confusing
problem.
(confuse)
②I
always
confuse
John
with/and
his
brother;
they
are
so
much
alike.
③His
answers
to
my
questions
have
only
added
to
my
confusion
(confuse).
④Since
the
author
did
not
stick
to
the
topic,
I
found
his
article
very
confusing
(confuse)
and
hard
to
follow.
⑤All
your
changes
of
plan
have
made
me
totally
confused
(confuse).
4.
regret
vt.
为……感到遗憾,惋惜
n.
遗憾,
懊悔
(1)
regret
doing/having
done
sth
后悔做了某事
regret
to
do
sth
遗憾将要做某事
(2)
much
to
one’s
regret
让某人深感/非常遗憾的是
to
one’s
great
regret
with
regret
遗憾地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It
is
with
great
regret
that
I
say
goodbye
to
you,
but
I
never
regret
spending/having
spent
(spend)
such
a
good
time
with
you.
②We
regret
to
inform
(inform)
you
that
your
application
has
not
been
successful.
(2)一句多译
很遗憾地告诉你，我不能在约定的时间陪你去北京了。
①I
regret
to
tell
you
that
I
can’t
accompany
you
to
Beijing
at
the
appointed
time.
(regret
vt.)
②Much
to
my
regret/To
my
great
regret,
I
can’t
accompany
you
to
Beijing
at
the
appointed
time.
(regret
n．)
5.
focus
vt.
集中；聚集
n.
焦点；中心点
(1)
focus
on/upon
集中于……
focus
one’s
attention/eyes
on…
集中注意力/目光于……
(2)
the
focus
of
......的焦点
【名师点拨】表达
“集中注意力于……”的短语还有：
①centre
one’s
attention
on…
②concentrate
one’s
attention
on…
③fix
one’s
attention
on…
④pay
attention
to
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①To
lead
a
happy
life
in
the
future,
you
should
focus
more
on/upon
your
career
while
you
are
young.
②With
his
attention
focused
(focus)
on
his
homework,
he
forgot
all
about
what
I
had
told
him.
③With
so
many
people
focusing
(focus)
their
eyes
on
him,
he
felt
very
nervous.
④The
proper
Western
dinner
at
a
fine
restaurant
is
one
of
manners,
focusing
(focus)
on
conversation.
(2)微写作
这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
It
shows
a
common
phenomenon
nowadays
that
children
are
the
focus
of
families,
shouldering
the
hope
of
their
parents.
6.
reduce
vt.减少；减缩
reduce...
by...
把……减少了……
reduce...
to...
把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态
be
reduced
to
陷入某种境地(to为介词)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
government
calls
on
the
public
to
go
to
work
by
bicycle
instead
of
by
car
to
reduce
(reduce)
air
pollution.
②With
great
effort,
she
has
reduced
her
weight
by
five
kilograms
in
the
past
7
days.
③It
was
foggy,
so
the
driver
had
to
reduce
speed
to
forty
kilometres
an
hour.
(2)微写作
【2019全国卷Ⅰ】结果是看绿色可以减少压力，降低血压，使人们的心情好。
It
turns
out
that
looking
at
green
can
reduce
stress,
lower
blood
pressure,
and
put
people
into
a
better
mood.
【常考短语】
1.
build
up
逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；创办；开发；聚集；积累
put
up
张贴;举起;建造;提供
set
up
建立;开办
give
up
放弃
add
up
把……加起来
pick
up
捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载
take
up
拿起；开始；从事；占据
make
up
虚构；弥补；组成
break
up
关系破裂；分手；放假
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义——写出下列句中build
up的含义
①To
learn
a
language
well
you
must
build
up
a
useful
vocabulary.积累
②His
confidence
built
up
gradually
as
he
gained
more
and
more
experience
in
teaching.
逐渐增强
③You
ought
to
take
more
sports
after
school
so
as
to
build
up
your
strength.
增强
④Therefore,
let’s
take
the
responsibility
to
build
up
a
low?carbon
city
by
riding
bicycles.建立；创办
(2)用up相关短语的适当形式填空
①The
cafe
owner
has
put
up
the
required
“no
smoking”
signs,
but
thinks
his
responsibility
stops
there.
②He
has
just
set
up
his
own
business
but
it
will
take
him
a
while
to
get
established.
③I
know
how
busy
you
must
be
and
naturally
I
wouldn't
want
to
take
up
too
much
of
your
time.
④That
day
when
we
picked
her
up
at
the
school
gate,
her
face
was
red
with
tears,
her
eyes
hollow
and
exhausted.
2.
be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
(1)
satisfy
vt.使满意
(2)
satisfying
adj.令人满意的
satisfactory
adj.令人满意的;
符合要求的
(3)
satisfaction
n.
满意
to
one’s
satisfaction
令某人满意的是
【名师点拨】表达
“对……感到满意”的短语还有：
①be
content
with
②be
pleased
with
【活学活用】
单句填空
①It
was
a
great
satisfaction
(satisfy)
to
have
revisited
our
native
village.
②As
a
matter
of
experience,
he
thought
the
interviewer
was
satisfied
(satisfy)
with
him.
③From
the
satisfied
smile
on
her
face,
we
can
see
the
performance
was
satisfactory.
(satisfy)
④The
policeman
put
down
the
phone,
satisfied
(satisfy)
with
a
smile
on
his
face.
3.
lead
to
导致;造成(后果)
lead
sb
to
do
sth.
导致做某事
lead/live
a．..
life
过……样的生活
lead
the
way
引路；带路
【名师点拨】表达
“导致;造成”的还有：
①result
in
②contribute
to
③cause
【活学活用】
(1)
单句填空
①The
discovery
of
new
evidence
led
to
the
thief’s
being
caught
(catch)．
②In
class
I
will
divide
the
students
into
small
groups
and
lead
them
to
practice
(practice)
speaking
English
in
an
interesting
way.
(2)一句多译
众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。
①As
we
all
know,
success
lies
in
hard
work
while
laziness
leads
to
failure.
(lead)
②As
we
all
know,
success
lies
in
hard
work
while
laziness
results
in
failure.
(result)
【必备句型】
1.
If
so,
what
did
you
do
to
grow
them?
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
【名师点拨】句型公式：if条件状语从句的省略形式
if
ever
如果有过/发生过的话
if
any
如果有的话
if
possible
如果有可能
if
necessary
如果有必要
【活学活用】
(1)完成句子
①If
possible
(如果可能的话),
try
to
go
to
bed
and
wake
up
at
the
same
time
every
day.
②If
we
can
do
that,
we
can
keep
up
with
the
times.
But
if
not
(如果不的话),
we
would
always
fall
behind.
(2)微写作
趁着年轻我们应该努力学习，如果不这样的话，迟早我们会后悔的。
We
should
study
hard
while
we
are
young.
If
not,
we
will
regret
sooner
or
later.
(省略)
2.
He
would
much
rather
keep
time
for
his
hobbies.
他更愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
句型公式：would
rather
do
sth
“宁愿做……”
(1)
would
rather
do…than
do…
宁愿做……而不愿做……
would
do…rather
than
do…
prefer
to
do…rather
than
do…
prefer
doing…
to
doing…
(2)
would
rather
从句
(did…表现在或将来的愿望)
would
rather
从句
(had
done…表过去的愿望)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I
would
rather
stay
(stay)
at
home
at
the
weekend,
reading
some
English
novels.
②I
stayed
at
home
last
night,
but
I’d
rather
I
had
gone
(go)
to
the
theatre
with
my
friends.
(2)一句多译
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。
①To
live
a
low?carbon
life,
some
people
would
rather
take
the
bus
than
drive
a
car
to
work.
②In
order
to
live
a
low?carbon
life,
some
people
would
take
the
bus
rather
than
drive
a
car
to
work.
③Some
people
prefer
to
take
the
bus
rather
than
drive
a
car
to
work
so
that
they
can
live
a
low?carbon
life.
3.
In
1973,
he
became
the
first
agricultural
pioneer
in
the
world
to
grow
rice
that
has
a
high
output.1973年,他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
句型公式：the
first/last/best/right/only/very…+n.+to
do
sth第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适/唯一/恰好……做某事的……
(1)
当the
first,
the
last,
the
best,
the
only,
the
very,
the
right等修饰名词,且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时,常用不定式的主动形式作定语。
(2)
way,
time,
reason,
chance,
opportunity,
need,
wish,
effort,
right,
ambition等名词也常接不定式作定语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Two
thousand
workers
had
been
sacked
before
the
company
found
a
way
to
solve
(solve)
the
problem.
②In
an
effort
to
honour
(honour)
our
relationship,
I
need
to
tell
you
the
truth.
③The
police
fired
into
the
air
in
an
attempt
to
break
(break)
up
the
crowd.
④The
young
singer
has
been
burning
for
a
chance
to
hear
(hear)
the
cheers
of
the
crowd.
(2)微写作
他总是第一个来到教室,最后一个离开。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
to
the
classroom
and
the
last
to
leave.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2020浙江卷】By
about
6000
BC,
people
had
discovered
(discover)
the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
②【2019江苏卷】This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
equipment
(equip)
and
internet
facilities.
③【2018江苏卷书面表达】For
example,
there
are
huge
amounts
of
reference
books
which
I
am
often
confused
(confuse)
to
choose
from.
④【2018全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】As
our
new
stadium
is
equipped
with
advanced
facilities,
we
have
organized
a
variety
of
events
in
it.
⑤【2019天津卷】
Would
you
bet
on
the
future
of
this
man?
He
is
53
years
old.
Most
of
his
adult
life
has
been
a
losing
struggle
against/with
debt
and
misfortune.
⑥【2018北京卷】Anger
is
rarely
looked
upon
as
a
beneficial
character
trait,
and
is
usually
advised
to
reduce
(reduce)
it.
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2019全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】
I’m
Li
Hua.
I’m
wondering
if
you
are
available
at
the
weekend.
If
you’re
at
that
time,
let’s
attend
the
musical
festival
of
our
school.
I’m
Li
Hua.
I’m
wondering
if
you
are
available
at
the
weekend.
If
so,
let’s
attend
the
musical
festival
of
our
school.
(用省略句来升级)
【主题写作】
假设你是李华，最近从报刊上了解到袁隆平海水稻研究的成功后，写了一篇英语短文发表在校报上，要点如下：①袁隆平生于1930年，1953年大学毕业；②研发成功杂交水稻，在2017年研究海水稻；③你的感想。
【分化步骤，先句后篇】
1.
列提纲，补全要点句。
①被誉为“中国水稻之父”的袁隆平，一生致力于使世界摆脱饥饿。
Yuan
Longping,
known
as
China's
“father
of
hybrid
rice”,
devoted
all
his
life
to
ridding
the
world
of
hunger.
②他生于1930年，于1953年大学毕业，那时饥饿对于农村许多人而言是个令人苦恼的问题。
He
was
born
in
1930
and
graduated
from
college
in
1953.
At
that
time
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
for
many
people
in
the
countryside.
③自此以后，他努力研发高产水稻，这帮助农民比以前增收两倍。
Since
then,
he
has
struggled
to
develop
rice
that
has
a
high
output,
which
helps
farmers
produce
harvests
twice
as
large
as
before.
④2017年，他的超级水稻创下新纪录，而且他的海洋水稻研究证明是个极大的成功。
In
2017,
his
super
rice
set
a
new
record
and
his
research
on
sea
rice
proved
to
be
a
great
success.
⑤尽管袁隆平对自己的生活很满意，但他宁愿专注于自己的爱好而不在乎出名或金钱。
Though
Yuan
Longping
is
quite
satisfied
with
his
life,
he
would
rather
focus
on
his
hobbies
than
care
about
being
famous
or
money.
⑥从他身上，我意识到为我们的目标而努力，才能通向成功。(动名词做主语)
From
him,
I
realize
that
struggling
for
our
aims
can
lead
to
success.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用定语从句升级句②
He
was
born
in
1930
and
graduated
from
college
in
1953,
when
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
for
many
people
in
the
countryside.
②利用though倒装句式升级句⑤
Quite
satisfied
though
Yuan
Longping
is
with
his
life,
he
would
rather
focus
on
his
hobbies
than
care
about
being
famous
or
money.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Yuan
Longping,
known
as
China’s
“father
of
hybrid
rice”,
devotes
his
life
to
ridding
the
world
of
hunger.
He
was
born
in
1930
and
graduated
from
college
in
1953,
when
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
for
many
people
in
the
countryside.
Since
then,
he
has
struggled
to
develop
rice
that
has
a
high
output,
which
has
helped
farmers
produce
harvests
twice
as
large
as
before.
In
2017,
his
super
rice
set
a
new
record
and
his
research
on
sea
rice
proved
to
be
a
great
success.
Quite
satisfied
though
Yuan
Longping
is
with
his
life,
he
would
rather
focus
on
his
hobbies
than
care
about
being
famous
or
money.
From
him,
I
realize
that
struggling
for
our
aims
can
lead
to
success.必修4
Unit2
Working
the
land
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
statistic
n.数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
circulate
vt.
&
vi.
循环；流传
Vietnam
n.
越南(东南亚国家)
grain
n.
谷物；粮食；颗粒
nutrition
n.
营养；滋养；食物
chemical
adj.
化学的；关于化学的
fertilizer
n.
肥料；化肥
organic
adj.
有机的；器官的；组织的
production
n.
生产；制造
bacteria
n.(bacterium的复数形式)细菌
pest
n.
害虫；害兽；害鸟
mineral
n.
矿物；矿石
producer
n.
生产者；制片人
industrial
adj.
工业的；产业的
二星写作词汇
sunburnt
adj.
晒黑的
decade
n.
十年；十年期
super
adj.
特级的；超级的
crop
n.
庄稼；农作物；产量
expand
vt.
&
vi.
使变大；伸展
rid
vt.
摆脱；除去
(rid
/ridded
,
rid
/ridded
)
therefore
adj.
因此；所以；因而
soil
n.
土壤
root
n.
根；根源
skim
vt.
浏览；略读
underline
vt.
画底线标出；强调
summary
n.
总结；摘要；概要
comment
n.
评论；议论vi.
&
vt.
表达意见；作出评论
output
n.
产量；输出反义
input
n.
投入；输入
vt.
输入；将…输入电脑
hunger
n.
饥饿；欲望vt.
&
vi.
(使)饥饿
hungry
adj.
饥饿的；渴望的
disturbing
adj.
引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturb
vt.&
vi
打扰;妨碍disturbed
adj.
扰乱的;受到干扰的
nationality
n.
国籍
national
adj.
国家的；国民的；民族的；国立的nation
n.
国家；民族；国民
personality
n.
性格；个性；人格personal
adj.
个人的；身体的；亲自的
person
n.
人；人称
personally
adv.
亲自地；当面；个别地；就自己而言
freedom
n.
自由；自主
free
adj.
免费的；自由的vt.
使自由，解放；释放
adv.
自由地；免费
export
vt.
&
vi.
输出；出口反义import
vt.
&
vi.
输入，进口n.
进口，进口货
occupation
n.
工作；职业；占领occupy
vt.
占据，占领；居住；使忙碌
discovery
n.
发现；发觉discover
vt.
发现；发觉
battle
n.
战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.
&
vi.
搏斗；奋斗
三星高频词汇
struggle
vt.
&
vi.
斗争；拼搏；努力
equip
vt.
&
vi.
配备；装备equipment
n.
设备，装备
regret
vt.
遗憾；惋惜n.
遗憾；懊悔
confuse
vt.
使迷惑；使为难confused
adj.
困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的
confusing
adj.
混乱的；混淆的；令人困惑的confusion
n.
混淆，混乱；困惑
focus
n.
焦点；中心点vt.
集中；聚集
reduce
vt.
减少；减缩
reduction
n.
减少；下降；缩小
【短语巧记】
thanks
to
幸亏；由于；因为
rid…
of
使......摆脱或除去
be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
would
rather
宁愿；宁可
build
up
逐渐增强；建立；开发
lead
to
导致；造成(后果)
focus
on
集中(注意力、精力等)于
with
the
hope
of
怀着……的希望
in
addition
另外
be
rich
in
盛产;富于
make
a
difference
有关系;有影响；有所作为
struggle
for
为……而斗争;努力争取……
equip…with…
用……装备……
care
about
关心;在乎
keep
…
free
from/of
使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
【联想法巧记短语】
1.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦
①be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
②be
content
with
对……满意
③be
pleased
with
对……满意
④be
familiar
with
对……熟悉
⑤be
bored
with
对……厌烦
⑥be
bothered
with
为……烦恼
2.
“因为”知多少
①thanks
to
幸亏;由于
②because
of
因为
③owing
to
由于,因为
④due
to
由于;
因为
⑤on
account
of
由于;
因为
⑥as
a
result
of
由于;作为...的结果
【典句仿写】
1.
if
so状语从句的省略形式
【课文原句】If
so,
what
did
you
do
to
grow
them?如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
【仿写】
【2018全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】
I’m
Li
Hua,
I’m
wondering
if
you
are
available
at
the
weekend.
If
so,
let’s
have
a
face-to-face
talk
about
table
manners.我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。
2.
the＋序数词
(＋名词)＋to
do
sth
【课文原句】In
1973,
he
became
the
first
agricultural
pioneer
in
the
world
to
grow
rice
that
has
a
high
output.1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
【仿写】
【2018全国Ⅰ书面表达】Most
importantly,
the
elderly
are
the
first
to
taste
the
delicious
food
because
they
are
well
respected
in
China.
重要的是，老人是第一个品尝餐桌上美食的人，因为在中国老人受到尊重。
3.
“make
it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，it为形式宾语
【课文原句】This
special
strain
of
rice
makes
it
possible
to
produce
20%
more
of
the
crop
in
the
same
fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
【仿写】Your
smile
is
one
of
the
strongest
tools
that
make
it
possible
for
you
to
meet
new
people.
你的微笑是使你结识新人最强大的工具之一。
4.
“over/in/during
the
past/last+段时间
”
作状语时，谓语一般用现在完成时
【课文原句】Over
the
past
half
century,
using
chemical
fertilizers
has
become
very
common
in
farming.
在过去的半个世纪中，农业中使用化肥是非常普遍的。
【仿写】Over
the
past
half
year,
students
have
experienced
the
most
unusual
study
style.
在过去的半年里，学生们体验了最不同寻常的学习方式。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
struggle
vi.
&
n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
struggle
to
do
sth
努力做某事；挣扎着做某事
struggle
for...
为……而斗争；与……作斗争
struggle
with/against...
同……搏斗
struggle
to
one’s
feet
挣扎着站起来
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①We
have
to
struggle
with/against
all
kinds
of
difficulties
from
home
and
abroad.
②【2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】In
the
short
film,
you
can
learn
that
my
school
has
been
struggling
for
a
better
future.
③Mary
had
struggled
to
find
(find)
a
job
for
months,
and
finally
took
a
position
at
a
local
advertising
agency.
④The
lion
made
a
sudden
angry
noise
and
struggled
to
its
feet.
2.
equip
vt.
&
vi.(to
supply
sb/sth
with
what
is
needed
for
a
particular
purpose)
装备;配备
(1)
equip...
with...
用……装备……
be
equipped
with
装备着……
(2)
equipment
n.
装备；设备(不可数名词)
a
piece
of
equipment
一件设备
【活学活用】
(1)
单句填空
①A
new
school
building
with
each
room
equip
with
computers
is
under
construction
in
the
university.
②It
is
often
said
that
human
beings
are
naturally
equipped
to
speak
(speak)．
③Equipping
(equip)
schools
with
computers
and
teaching
information
technology
is
one
of
the
priorities
of
education.
(2)句式升级
He
is
equipped
with
much
experience
in
teaching,
so
he
is
well
respected
by
all
his
students.
Equipped
with
much
experience
in
teaching,
he
is
well
respected
by
all
his
students.
(过去分词作状语)
Equipping
himself
with
much
experience
in
teaching,
he
is
well
respected
by
all
his
students.
(现在分词作状语)
3.
confuse
vt.使迷惑;使为难;使混乱;混淆
(1)
confuse
A
with/and
B
把A与B混淆
(2)
confused
adj.
(人)不知所措的;困惑的
be/get
confused
with/about
对……感到困惑
(3)
confusing
adj.
(事/物)令人困惑的;难懂的
(4)
confusion
n.困惑
【活学活用】
单句填空
①There
was
a
confused
look
on
his
face
when
he
met
with
a
confusing
problem.
(confuse)
②I
always
confuse
John
with/and
his
brother;
they
are
so
much
alike.
③His
answers
to
my
questions
have
only
added
to
my
confusion
(confuse).
④Since
the
author
did
not
stick
to
the
topic,
I
found
his
article
very
confusing
(confuse)
and
hard
to
follow.
⑤All
your
changes
of
plan
have
made
me
totally
confused
(confuse).
4.
regret
vt.
为……感到遗憾,惋惜
n.
遗憾,
懊悔
(1)
regret
doing/having
done
sth
后悔做了某事
regret
to
do
sth
遗憾将要做某事
(2)
much
to
one’s
regret
让某人深感/非常遗憾的是
to
one’s
great
regret
with
regret
遗憾地
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①It
is
with
great
regret
that
I
say
goodbye
to
you,
but
I
never
regret
spending/having
spent
(spend)
such
a
good
time
with
you.
②We
regret
to
inform
(inform)
you
that
your
application
has
not
been
successful.
(2)一句多译
很遗憾地告诉你，我不能在约定的时间陪你去北京了。
①I
regret
to
tell
you
that
I
can’t
accompany
you
to
Beijing
at
the
appointed
time.
(regret
vt.)
②Much
to
my
regret/To
my
great
regret,
I
can’t
accompany
you
to
Beijing
at
the
appointed
time.
(regret
n．)
5.
focus
vt.
集中；聚集
n.
焦点；中心点
(1)
focus
on/upon
集中于……
focus
one’s
attention/eyes
on…
集中注意力/目光于……
(2)
the
focus
of
......的焦点
【名师点拨】表达
“集中注意力于……”的短语还有：
①centre
one’s
attention
on…
②concentrate
one’s
attention
on…
③fix
one’s
attention
on…
④pay
attention
to
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①To
lead
a
happy
life
in
the
future,
you
should
focus
more
on/upon
your
career
while
you
are
young.
②With
his
attention
focused
(focus)
on
his
homework,
he
forgot
all
about
what
I
had
told
him.
③With
so
many
people
focusing
(focus)
their
eyes
on
him,
he
felt
very
nervous.
④The
proper
Western
dinner
at
a
fine
restaurant
is
one
of
manners,
focusing
(focus)
on
conversation.
(2)微写作
这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
It
shows
a
common
phenomenon
nowadays
that
children
are
the
focus
of
families,
shouldering
the
hope
of
their
parents.
6.
reduce
vt.减少；减缩
reduce...
by...
把……减少了……
reduce...
to...
把……减少到……；把……变为某种状态
be
reduced
to
陷入某种境地(to为介词)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
government
calls
on
the
public
to
go
to
work
by
bicycle
instead
of
by
car
to
reduce
(reduce)
air
pollution.
②With
great
effort,
she
has
reduced
her
weight
by
five
kilograms
in
the
past
7
days.
③It
was
foggy,
so
the
driver
had
to
reduce
speed
to
forty
kilometres
an
hour.
(2)微写作
【2019全国卷Ⅰ】结果是看绿色可以减少压力，降低血压，使人们的心情好。
It
turns
out
that
looking
at
green
can
reduce
stress,
lower
blood
pressure,
and
put
people
into
a
better
mood.
【常考短语】
1.
build
up
逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；创办；开发；聚集；积累
put
up
张贴;举起;建造;提供
set
up
建立;开办
give
up
放弃
add
up
把……加起来
pick
up
捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载
take
up
拿起；开始；从事；占据
make
up
虚构；弥补；组成
break
up
关系破裂；分手；放假
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义——写出下列句中build
up的含义
①To
learn
a
language
well
you
must
build
up
a
useful
vocabulary.积累
②His
confidence
built
up
gradually
as
he
gained
more
and
more
experience
in
teaching.
逐渐增强
③You
ought
to
take
more
sports
after
school
so
as
to
build
up
your
strength.
增强
④Therefore,
let’s
take
the
responsibility
to
build
up
a
low?carbon
city
by
riding
bicycles.建立；创办
(2)用up相关短语的适当形式填空
①The
cafe
owner
has
put
up
the
required
“no
smoking”
signs,
but
thinks
his
responsibility
stops
there.
②He
has
just
set
up
his
own
business
but
it
will
take
him
a
while
to
get
established.
③I
know
how
busy
you
must
be
and
naturally
I
wouldn't
want
to
take
up
too
much
of
your
time.
④That
day
when
we
picked
her
up
at
the
school
gate,
her
face
was
red
with
tears,
her
eyes
hollow
and
exhausted.
2.
be
satisfied
with
对……感到满意
(1)
satisfy
vt.使满意
(2)
satisfying
adj.令人满意的
satisfactory
adj.令人满意的;
符合要求的
(3)
satisfaction
n.
满意
to
one’s
satisfaction
令某人满意的是
【名师点拨】表达
“对……感到满意”的短语还有：
①be
content
with
②be
pleased
with
【活学活用】
单句填空
①It
was
a
great
satisfaction
(satisfy)
to
have
revisited
our
native
village.
②As
a
matter
of
experience,
he
thought
the
interviewer
was
satisfied
(satisfy)
with
him.
③From
the
satisfied
smile
on
her
face,
we
can
see
the
performance
was
satisfactory.
(satisfy)
④The
policeman
put
down
the
phone,
satisfied
(satisfy)
with
a
smile
on
his
face.
3.
lead
to
导致;造成(后果)
lead
sb
to
do
sth.
导致做某事
lead/live
a．..
life
过……样的生活
lead
the
way
引路；带路
【名师点拨】表达
“导致;造成”的还有：
①result
in
②contribute
to
③cause
【活学活用】
(1)
单句填空
①The
discovery
of
new
evidence
led
to
the
thief’s
being
caught
(catch)．
②In
class
I
will
divide
the
students
into
small
groups
and
lead
them
to
practice
(practice)
speaking
English
in
an
interesting
way.
(2)一句多译
众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。
①As
we
all
know,
success
lies
in
hard
work
while
laziness
leads
to
failure.
(lead)
②As
we
all
know,
success
lies
in
hard
work
while
laziness
results
in
failure.
(result)
【必备句型】
1.
If
so,
what
did
you
do
to
grow
them?
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
【名师点拨】句型公式：if条件状语从句的省略形式
if
ever
如果有过/发生过的话
if
any
如果有的话
if
possible
如果有可能
if
necessary
如果有必要
【活学活用】
(1)完成句子
①If
possible
(如果可能的话),
try
to
go
to
bed
and
wake
up
at
the
same
time
every
day.
②If
we
can
do
that,
we
can
keep
up
with
the
times.
But
if
not
(如果不的话),
we
would
always
fall
behind.
(2)微写作
趁着年轻我们应该努力学习，如果不这样的话，迟早我们会后悔的。
We
should
study
hard
while
we
are
young.
If
not,
we
will
regret
sooner
or
later.
(省略)
2.
He
would
much
rather
keep
time
for
his
hobbies.
他更愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
句型公式：would
rather
do
sth
“宁愿做……”
(1)
would
rather
do…than
do…
宁愿做……而不愿做……
would
do…rather
than
do…
prefer
to
do…rather
than
do…
prefer
doing…
to
doing…
(2)
would
rather
从句
(did…表现在或将来的愿望)
would
rather
从句
(had
done…表过去的愿望)
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I
would
rather
stay
(stay)
at
home
at
the
weekend,
reading
some
English
novels.
②I
stayed
at
home
last
night,
but
I’d
rather
I
had
gone
(go)
to
the
theatre
with
my
friends.
(2)一句多译
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。
①To
live
a
low?carbon
life,
some
people
would
rather
take
the
bus
than
drive
a
car
to
work.
②In
order
to
live
a
low?carbon
life,
some
people
would
take
the
bus
rather
than
drive
a
car
to
work.
③Some
people
prefer
to
take
the
bus
rather
than
drive
a
car
to
work
so
that
they
can
live
a
low?carbon
life.
3.
In
1973,
he
became
the
first
agricultural
pioneer
in
the
world
to
grow
rice
that
has
a
high
output.1973年,他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
句型公式：the
first/last/best/right/only/very…+n.+to
do
sth第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适/唯一/恰好……做某事的……
(1)
当the
first,
the
last,
the
best,
the
only,
the
very,
the
right等修饰名词,且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时,常用不定式的主动形式作定语。
(2)
way,
time,
reason,
chance,
opportunity,
need,
wish,
effort,
right,
ambition等名词也常接不定式作定语。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Two
thousand
workers
had
been
sacked
before
the
company
found
a
way
to
solve
(solve)
the
problem.
②In
an
effort
to
honour
(honour)
our
relationship,
I
need
to
tell
you
the
truth.
③The
police
fired
into
the
air
in
an
attempt
to
break
(break)
up
the
crowd.
④The
young
singer
has
been
burning
for
a
chance
to
hear
(hear)
the
cheers
of
the
crowd.
(2)微写作
他总是第一个来到教室,最后一个离开。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
to
the
classroom
and
the
last
to
leave.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2020浙江卷】By
about
6000
BC,
people
had
discovered
(discover)
the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
②【2019江苏卷】This
has
led
companies
and
individuals
to
donate
money
to
developing
countries
to
buy
computer
equipment
(equip)
and
internet
facilities.
③【2018江苏卷书面表达】For
example,
there
are
huge
amounts
of
reference
books
which
I
am
often
confused
(confuse)
to
choose
from.
④【2018全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】As
our
new
stadium
is
equipped
with
advanced
facilities,
we
have
organized
a
variety
of
events
in
it.
⑤【2019天津卷】
Would
you
bet
on
the
future
of
this
man?
He
is
53
years
old.
Most
of
his
adult
life
has
been
a
losing
struggle
against/with
debt
and
misfortune.
⑥【2018北京卷】Anger
is
rarely
looked
upon
as
a
beneficial
character
trait,
and
is
usually
advised
to
reduce
(reduce)
it.
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2019全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】
I’m
Li
Hua.
I’m
wondering
if
you
are
available
at
the
weekend.
If
you’re
at
that
time,
let’s
attend
the
musical
festival
of
our
school.
I’m
Li
Hua.
I’m
wondering
if
you
are
available
at
the
weekend.
If
so,
let’s
attend
the
musical
festival
of
our
school.
(用省略句来升级)
【主题写作】
假设你是李华，最近从报刊上了解到袁隆平海水稻研究的成功后，写了一篇英语短文发表在校报上，要点如下：①袁隆平生于1930年，1953年大学毕业；②研发成功杂交水稻，在2017年研究海水稻；③你的感想。
【分化步骤，先句后篇】
1.
列提纲，补全要点句。
①被誉为“中国水稻之父”的袁隆平，一生致力于使世界摆脱饥饿。
Yuan
Longping,
known
as
China's
“father
of
hybrid
rice”,
devoted
all
his
life
to
ridding
the
world
of
hunger.
②他生于1930年，于1953年大学毕业，那时饥饿对于农村许多人而言是个令人苦恼的问题。
He
was
born
in
1930
and
graduated
from
college
in
1953.
At
that
time
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
for
many
people
in
the
countryside.
③自此以后，他努力研发高产水稻，这帮助农民比以前增收两倍。
Since
then,
he
has
struggled
to
develop
rice
that
has
a
high
output,
which
helps
farmers
produce
harvests
twice
as
large
as
before.
④2017年，他的超级水稻创下新纪录，而且他的海洋水稻研究证明是个极大的成功。
In
2017,
his
super
rice
set
a
new
record
and
his
research
on
sea
rice
proved
to
be
a
great
success.
⑤尽管袁隆平对自己的生活很满意，但他宁愿专注于自己的爱好而不在乎出名或金钱。
Though
Yuan
Longping
is
quite
satisfied
with
his
life,
he
would
rather
focus
on
his
hobbies
than
care
about
being
famous
or
money.
⑥从他身上，我意识到为我们的目标而努力，才能通向成功。(动名词做主语)
From
him,
I
realize
that
struggling
for
our
aims
can
lead
to
success.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用定语从句升级句②
He
was
born
in
1930
and
graduated
from
college
in
1953,
when
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
for
many
people
in
the
countryside.
②利用though倒装句式升级句⑤
Quite
satisfied
though
Yuan
Longping
is
with
his
life,
he
would
rather
focus
on
his
hobbies
than
care
about
being
famous
or
money.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Yuan
Longping,
known
as
China’s
“father
of
hybrid
rice”,
devotes
his
life
to
ridding
the
world
of
hunger.
He
was
born
in
1930
and
graduated
from
college
in
1953,
when
hunger
was
a
disturbing
problem
for
many
people
in
the
countryside.
Since
then,
he
has
struggled
to
develop
rice
that
has
a
high
output,
which
has
helped
farmers
produce
harvests
twice
as
large
as
before.
In
2017,
his
super
rice
set
a
new
record
and
his
research
on
sea
rice
proved
to
be
a
great
success.
Quite
satisfied
though
Yuan
Longping
is
with
his
life,
he
would
rather
focus
on
his
hobbies
than
care
about
being
famous
or
money.
From
him,
I
realize
that
struggling
for
our
aims
can
lead
to
success.
