选修6
Unit3
A
healthy
life
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
2
cigarette
n.
香烟；纸烟
alcohol
n.
酒；酒精
alcoholic
adj.
酒精的
obesity
n.(过度)肥胖；肥胖症
adolescent
n.
青少年adj.
青春期的
adolescence
n.
青春期
withdrawal
n.
收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
pregnant
adj.
怀孕的
abnormal
adj.
畸形的；异常的
relaxation
n.
放松；松弛
chemist
n.
药剂师；化学家
comprehension
n.
理解(力)
etc
(etcetera)
adv.
诸如此类的事物；等等
robbery
n.
抢劫；盗窃
immune
adj.
有免疫力的
sex
n.
性；性别
needle
n.
针；(注射器的)针头
spill(spilt,
spilt)vi.溢出;洒落vt.
使溢出;使洒落
male
adj.
男性的;雄性的n.
男人;雄性动(植)物
female
adj.
女性的;雌性的n.
雌性；女人
abortion
n.
流产；中途失败
cigar
n.
雪茄烟
二星写作词汇
abuse
n.
&
vt.
滥用；虐待
ban
vt.
禁止；取缔n.
禁令；谴责
due
adj.
欠款的；预定的；到期的
tough
adj.
困难的；强硬的
quit
vt.
停止(做某事)；离开
lung
n.
肺
desperate
adj.
绝望的；拼命的
packet
n.
小包；小盒
pill
n.
药丸；药片
prejudice
n.
偏见；成见
awkward
adj.
局促不安的；笨拙的
automatic
adj.
无意识的；自动的automatically
adv.
无意识地；
自动地
mental
adj.
精神的；智力的mentally
adv.
精神上；智力上
breathless
adj.
气喘吁吁的；屏息的breath
n.
呼吸，气息
breathe
vt.
&
vi.
呼吸；(使)喘息
unfit
adj.
不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
fit
vi.
适合；合身
adj.
健康的；合适的；恰当的
strengthen
vt.
加强；巩固；使坚强vi.
变强
strength
n.
力量；力气；长处
strong
adj.
坚强的；强壮的；牢固的
weaken
vi.(对......决心)动摇;减弱vt.(使)变弱weak
adj.
疲软的；虚弱的；无力的
weakness
n.
弱点；软弱
disappointed
adj.
失望的；沮丧的
disappoint
vt.
使失望
disappointing
adj.
令人失望的；令人扫兴的
ashamed
adj.
感到惭愧或羞耻的
shame
n.
羞耻，羞愧
vt.
使丢脸，使羞愧
shameful
adj.
可耻的；不体面的
shameless
adj.
无耻的；厚颜的
illegal
adj.
不合法的；违法的
legal
adj.
法律的；合法的
survival
n.
幸存；幸存者
survive
vt.
&
vi.
幸存；生还；幸免于
judgement
n.
看法；判决；判断
judge
v.
判断；裁判；判决
n.
法官；裁判员
embarrassed
adj.
尴尬的；陷入困境的
embarrass
vt.
使窘迫，使尴尬
embarrassing
adj.
使人尴尬的；令人为难的
三星高频词汇
stress
n.
压力；重音vt.
加压力于；使紧张stressed
adj.
(感到)紧张的；感到有压力的
stressful
adj.
产生压力的；(令人)紧张的
effect
n.
结果；效力
affect
vt.
影响；感染；感动
effective
adj.
有效的，起作用的
effectively
adv.
有效地，生效地
accustom
vt.
使习惯于
accustomed
adj.
惯常的；习惯了的
addicted
adj.
入了迷的；上了瘾的
addict
v.
使沉迷；使上瘾
【构词法巧记单词】
1.
否定前缀un?高频形容词一览
①unfit
不合适的
②unfair
不公平的
③unusual
不寻常的
④unfriendly
不友好的
⑤unfortunate
不幸的
⑥uncomfortable
不舒服的
⑦unimportant
不重要的
⑧uncertain
不确定的
2.
?en后缀高频动词集锦
①weaken
削弱
②shorten
缩短
③lessen
减少
④sharpen
削尖
⑤broaden
加宽
⑥lighten
减轻
⑦threaten
恐吓
⑧frighten
使惊吓
【短语巧记】
due
to
由于……
(be)
addicted
to
对……有瘾
be
accustomed
to
习惯于……
decide
on
对……作出决定
feel
like
(doing)
想要(做)……
in
spite
of
不顾；不管
take
risks
(a
risk)
冒险
get
into
陷入；染上(坏习惯)
at
risk
处境危险；遭受危险
out
of
breath
上气不接下气；气喘吁吁
reach
for
伸手去拿；接触
manage
to
do
设法做成
have
an
effect
on/upon
对......有影响
over
and
over
again
再三；反复
【语法速递】
It
seems
amazing
(amaze)
that
at
my
age
I
am
still
fit
enough
to
cycle
(cycle)
20
kilometres
in
an
afternoon.
It
is
not
easy
to
stop
smoking,
but
millions
have
managed
to
quit
(quit)
and
so
can
you.
You
started
smoking
some
time
ago
and
now
you
are
finding
it
difficult
to
give
it
up.
This
means
that
after
a
while
your
body
becomes
accustomed
to
having
(have)
nicotine
in
it.
HIV
will
damage
your
immune
system
so
much
that
your
body
can
no
longer
fight
disease.
Do
some
relaxation
exercises
every
time
you
feel
stressed
(stress).
【典句仿写】
1.
as引导非限制性定语从句
【课文原句】As
you
know,
if
you
do
the
same
thing
over
and
over
again,
you
begin
to
do
it
automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
【仿写】【2017北京卷书面表达】
As
we
know,
the
Yangtze
River
is
the
longest
river
in
Asia
and
has
so
many
attractions.
正如我们知道的，长江是亚洲最长河流，拥有许多景点。
2.
It
is/was
time
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
该(某人)作某事的时候了
【课文原句】I
knew
it
was
time
to
quit
smoking.
我知道到了该戒烟的时候了。
【仿写】It
is
time
for
the
government
to
take
strict
measures
against
public
smoking.
该是政府采取严厉措施禁止在公共场所吸烟的时候了。
3.
“do/does/did
+动词原形”
加强语气，表示“的确；真的”
【课文原句】I
do
hope
so
because
I
want
you
to
live
as
long
and
healthy
a
life
as
I
have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样健康长寿。
【仿写】【2017全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】
I
do
hope
you
can
visit
the
paper?cutting
exhibition
with
me.
我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。
4.
强调句型：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其它部分
【课文原句】
It
is
only
when
the
disease
has
progressed
to
AIDS
that
a
person
begins
to
look
sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
【仿写】
It
was
only
when
he
failed
to
pass
the
exam
that
he
regretted
having
wasted
so
much
precious
time.
只有当他考试不及格时，他才后悔浪费了那么多宝贵的时间。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
stress
n.
压力；重音；重点
vt.使紧张；重读；强调；加压力于
(1)
under
stress
在压力之下
lay/put
stress
on
sth
强调某事物
stress
sth
(2)
stressful
adj.
压力重的
(3)
stressed
adj.
感到有压力的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When
under
stress,
even
a
most
gentle
person
can
be
bad-tempered
and
get
angry
easily.
②Nowadays
more
and
more
middle
school
students
are
getting
stressed
(stress)
in
their
studies.
③A
regular
and
busy
life
is
wonderful,
although
it’s
hard
and
stressful
(stress)．
④We
lay
special
stress
on
developing
good
neighborly
relations
with
nearby
countries.
(2)微写作
正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
As
has
been
stressed
many
times,
learning
English
well
is
of
great
importance
to
your
career
development
in
the
future.
2.
addicted
adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(1)
be/become
addicted
to
沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)
addict
vt.
使沉溺；使上瘾
n.
有瘾的人
addict
oneself
to
sth
某人沉溺于某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Nowadays,
people
are
addicted
(addict)
to
smartphones
so
much
that
they
even
use
them
while
driving.
②The
smarter
a
child
is,
the
less
likely
he
gets
addicted
to
TV
(2)一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于玩电脑游戏，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。
①Many
kids
become/are/get
addicted
to
playing
the
computer
games,
so
they
have
lost
interest
in
study.(addicted)
②Many
kids
addict
themselves
to
playing
the
computer
games,
so
they
have
lost
interest
in
study.
(addict)
③Addicted
to
playing
the
computer
games,
many
kids
have
lost
interest
in
study.
(分词作状语)
3.
accustomed
adj.惯常的；习惯了的
(1)
be
accustomed
to
(doing)
sth
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
be
used
to
(doing)
sth
get/become
accustomed
to
(doing)
sth
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
get/become
used
to
(doing)
sth
(2)
accustom
vt.
使习惯于
accustom
sb/oneself
to
(doing)
sth
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Knowing
that
you
are
not
accustomed
to
the
life
here
and
are
considering
returning
to
America,
I
feel
very
upset.
②For
those
accustomed
(accustom)
to
a
comfortable
life,
the
change
to
remote
areas
must
have
been
very
hard.
③He
quickly
accustomed
himself
to
the
strong
academic
atmosphere
and
colorful
activities
in
the
college.
(2)一句多译
这位老人习惯于住在农村，发现很难适应城市的生活。
①The
old
man
is
accustomed
to
living
in
the
countryside,
and
he
finds
it
hard
to
adapt
to
the
life
in
the
city.
②Accustomed
to
living
in
the
countryside,
the
old
man
finds
it
hard
to
adapt
to
the
life
in
the
city.
(分词作状语)
4.
effect
n．结果；效力；影响
(1)
take
effect
生效；见效
have
an
effect/influence/impact
on/upon
对……产生影响
side
effects
副作用(多用复数)
(2)
effective
adj.
有效的；有影响的
(3)
affect
vt.
影响
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Global
warming
is
having
a
great
effect
on/upon
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
②【2019北京卷】They
are
extremely
important
in
the
safe
and
effective
(effect)
running
of
our
programmes.
③There
is
no
denying
that
reading
books
of
traditional
culture
can
have
a
good
effect
on/upon
(有良好影响)
the
children.
(2)句子升级
Global
warming
is
greatly
affecting
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
Global
warming
is
having
a
great
effect/influence/impact
on/upon
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
5.
ashamed
adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(1)
be
ashamed
to
do...
耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be
ashamed
of
(doing)
sth
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)
It’s
a
shame
that.../What
a
shame
that...
……真让人遗憾。
(3)
shameful
adj.
可耻的；不道德的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I
felt
ashamed
(shame)
of
taking
advantage
of
his
sympathy,
and
I
finally
apologized
to
him.
②It
is
a
shame
that
a
good
student
should
do
something
like
that.
③It
is
shameful
(shame)
to
break
school
rules,
to
be
selfish
or
to
make
little
effort
to
achieve
progress.
(2)微写作
①读了上面如此多的妈妈们的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。
Having
read
about
the
above
common
complaint
from
so
many
mothers,
I
felt
ashamed
and
guilty.
②依我看来，你应该对自己的愚蠢行为感到羞耻。
In
my
opinion,
you
should
be
ashamed
of
your
foolish
behaviour.
【常考短语】
1.
take
risks/a
risk
冒险
(1)
at
risk
有风险；处境危险
at
the
risk
of
(doing)
...
冒着(做)……的危险
take/run
the
risk
(of
doing
sth)
冒险(做某事)
put...
at
risk
让……处于危险之中
(2)
risk
doing
sth
冒险做某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①【2017全国Ⅲ卷】They
were
more
likely
to
break
the
speed
limit
and
be
at
the
risk
of
getting
fined.
②He
got
well-prepared
for
the
job
interview,
for
he
couldn’t
risk
losing
(lose)
the
good
opportunity.
③He
risked
being
fired
(fire)
by
the
company,
uncovering
the
truth
of
the
whole
affair.
④He
felt
he
had
to
make
up
his
mind
on
every
step
instead
of
taking
risks
(risk).
(2)微写作
【2015江苏卷书面表达】交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
Not
only
does
the
traffic
issue
affect
our
daily
life,
but
it
also
puts
people’s
lives
at
risk.
2.
in
spite
of
prep.
不顾;不管;尽管
despite
prep.
即使;尽管
regardless
of
prep.
不加理会;不顾
【名师点拨】
(1)
in
spite
of与despite二者基本同义，后面可跟名词、v-ing或what从句。
(2)
although/though也有“尽管”之意，但用作从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。
(3)
in
spite
of/
despite
+
n.=
in
spite
of/despite
the
fact
that+从句
=
although/though
+从句
【活学活用】
一句多译
虽然有疾病的威胁，人们照常忙着自己的事。
①Despite
the
threat
of
the
disease,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
②In
spite
of
the
threat
of
the
disease,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
③Despite
the
fact
that
the
disease
was
a
threat,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
④In
spite
of
the
fact
that
the
disease
was
a
threat,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
⑤Although
/
Though
the
disease
was
a
threat,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
【必备句型】
1.
I
do
hope
so
because
I
want
you
to
live
as
long
and
healthy
a
life
as
I
have.我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样健康长寿。
【名师点拨】句型公式：
(1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”
(2)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”，像……一样……
(1)句型用于加强谓语动词的语气，但句子必须是肯定句，且句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)句型中as
+
adj.要放在冠词之前，相似结构：how/so/too
+adj.
+
a(n)
+单数可数名词
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①【2019北京卷书面表达】We
do
hope
there
will
be
more
meaningful
activities
in
the
coming
future.
②To
our
joy,
he
did
manage
to
finish
the
task
ahead
of
schedule.
③We
wanted
him
to
have
as
full
a
life
as
possible,
not
different
from
what
we
want
for
our
other
two
sons.
④As
a
matter
of
fact,
I
can’t
afford
as
expensive
a
car
as
his.
(2)微写作
【2018全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
Playing
ping?pong
is
as
popular
an
activity
as
playing
football
in
our
campus.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2020江苏卷】Best
of
all,
humor
raises
your
energy,
and
that
can
have
an
effect
on/upon
everything
you
do
at
school,
at
work,
or
in
your
personal
life.
②【2020全国III卷】With
the
young
unable
to
afford
to
leave
home
and
the
old
at
risk
of
isolation(孤独),
more
families
are
choosing
to
live
together.
③【2020全国I卷】
We
are
often
ashamed
(shame)
of
our
shortcomings,
our
mistakes
and
our
failures.
④【2020新高考全国I卷】
At
last,
all
the
runners
managed
to
arrive
(arrive)
at
the
finish
line,
receiving
cheers
from
all
the
directions.
⑤【2020全国I卷】But
the
sport’s
strange
form
does
place
considerable
stress
on
the
ankles
and
hips,
so
people
with
a
history
of
such
injuries
might
want
to
be
cautious
in
adopting
the
sport.
⑥【2020新高考全国I卷】
His
judgment
/judgement
(judge)
and
references
are
decidedly
American,
as
well
as
his
delicate
stomach.
⑦【2020全国I卷】Begin
to
train
your
brain
to
look
at
strength
(strong)
before
weakness
(weak).
⑧【2020浙江卷】
And
they
tended
to
lose
cognitive(认知)
function
at
a
much
slower
rate
than
those
with
the
least
mentally
(mental)
challenging
jobs.
⑨【2017全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】Learning
that
you
are
addicted
to
table
tennis,
I
am
writing
to
sincerely
invite
you
to
join
the
table
tennis
team
in
our
school.
⑩【2020新高考全国I卷完形填空】Watering
young
plants
in
the
dry
season
was
A
for
a
lone
boy.
Molai
built
at
the
top
of
each
sapling(幼树)
a
bamboo
platform,
where
he
placed
earthen
pots
with
small
holes
to
collect
rainwater.
A.
tough
B.
illegal
C.
fantastic
D.
beneficial
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2019天津卷书面表达】I
am
interested
in
all
kinds
of
music,
and
among
them
Jazz
is
my
favorite.
I
am
interested
in
all
kinds
of
music,
among
which
Jazz
is
my
favorite.
(用定语从句升级)
②【2019浙江卷书面表达】You
shared
me
with
rich
knowledge
of
English
and
English
culture.
It
is
you
who
shared
me
with
rich
knowledge
of
English
and
English
culture.
(用强调句型升级)
【主题写作】
假设你是李华，由于各种原因，你校的许多同学养成了熬夜的习惯，熬夜会对健康造成很大的危害。请你以“The
Harmful
Effects
of
Staying
Up
Late”为题，写一篇英语短文，给你校英文内刊投稿，以使熬夜的同学认识到熬夜的危害并改掉这一不良习惯。
【分化步骤,先句后篇】
1.
列提纲,补全要点句。
①由于各种原因，许多学生养成了熬夜的习惯。
For
various
reasons,
many
students
have
got
into
the
habit
of
staying
up.
②熬夜是个坏习惯，对健康有很坏的影响。
Staying
up
late
is
a
bad
habit,
which
will
have
bad
effects
on
our
health.
③熬夜不仅导致缺乏精力而且使我们头疼并无法在课上专心致志。
It
will
not
only
lead
to
a
lack
of
energy,
but
also
cause
us
to
suffer
from
headaches
and
be
unable
to
concentrate
on
our
lessons.
④长期熬夜会减弱记忆，并对视力和肝脏有害。
Long?time
staying
up
late
will
weaken
our
memory,
and
do
harm
to
eyesight
as
well
as
liver.
⑤习惯熬夜的人可能会患有其他疾病。
Those
who
are
accustomed
to
staying
up
late
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
other
diseases.
⑥是我们停止熬夜并保持健康的生活方式的时候了。
It
is
high
time
that
we
kept
a
healthy
lifestyle
and
quitted/gave
up
staying
up
late.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用定语从句升级句①
There
are
various
reasons
why
many
students
have
got
into
the
habit
of
staying
up
late.
②利用倒装句升级句③
Not
only
will
it
lead
to
a
lack
of
energy,
but
also
cause
us
to
suffer
from
headaches
and
be
unable
to
concentrate
on
our
lessons.
3.
恰当运用过渡词,完美布局成篇
There
are
various
reasons
why
many
students
have
got
into
the
habit
of
staying
up
late.
Actually,
staying
up
late
is
a
bad
habit,
which
will
have
bad
effects
on
our
health.
To
begin
with,
it
will
not
only
lead
to
a
lack
of
energy
but
also
cause
us
to
suffer
from
headaches
and
be
unable
to
concentrate
on
our
lessons.
Additionally,
long?time
staying
up
late
will
weaken
our
memory,
and
do
harm
to
eyesight
as
well
as
liver.
What’s
worse,
those
who
are
accustomed
to
staying
up
late
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
other
diseases.
Therefore,
it
is
high
time
that
we
should
adopt/adopted
a
healthy
lifestyle
and
quitted/gave
up
staying
up
late.
3选修6
Unit3
A
healthy
life
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
cigarette
n.
香烟；纸烟
alcohol
n.
酒；酒精
alcoholic
adj.
酒精的
obesity
n.(过度)肥胖；肥胖症
adolescent
n.
青少年adj.
青春期的
adolescence
n.
青春期
withdrawal
n.
收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
pregnant
adj.
怀孕的
abnormal
adj.
畸形的；异常的
relaxation
n.
放松；松弛
chemist
n.
药剂师；化学家
comprehension
n.
理解(力)
etc
(etcetera)
adv.
诸如此类的事物；等等
robbery
n.
抢劫；盗窃
immune
adj.
有免疫力的
sex
n.
性；性别
needle
n.
针；(注射器的)针头
spill(spilt,
spilt)vi.溢出;洒落vt.
使溢出;使洒落
male
adj.
男性的;雄性的n.
男人;雄性动(植)物
female
adj.
女性的;雌性的n.
雌性；女人
abortion
n.
流产；中途失败
cigar
n.
雪茄烟
二星写作词汇
abuse
n.
&
vt.
滥用；虐待
ban
vt.
禁止；取缔n.
禁令；谴责
due
adj.
欠款的；预定的；到期的
tough
adj.
困难的；强硬的
quit
vt.
停止(做某事)；离开
lung
n.
肺
desperate
adj.
绝望的；拼命的
packet
n.
小包；小盒
pill
n.
药丸；药片
prejudice
n.
偏见；成见
awkward
adj.
局促不安的；笨拙的
automatic
adj.
无意识的；自动的automatically
adv.
无意识地；
自动地
mental
adj.
精神的；智力的mentally
adv.
精神上；智力上
breathless
adj.
气喘吁吁的；屏息的breath
n.
呼吸，气息
breathe
vt.
&
vi.
呼吸；(使)喘息
unfit
adj.
不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
fit
vi.
适合；合身
adj.
健康的；合适的；恰当的
strengthen
vt.
加强；巩固；使坚强vi.
变强
strength
n.
力量；力气；长处
strong
adj.
坚强的；强壮的；牢固的
weaken
vi.(对......决心)动摇;减弱vt.(使)变弱weak
adj.
疲软的；虚弱的；无力的
weakness
n.
弱点；软弱
disappointed
adj.
失望的；沮丧的
disappoint
vt.
使失望
disappointing
adj.
令人失望的；令人扫兴的
ashamed
adj.
感到惭愧或羞耻的
shame
n.
羞耻，羞愧
vt.
使丢脸，使羞愧
shameful
adj.
可耻的；不体面的
shameless
adj.
无耻的；厚颜的
illegal
adj.
不合法的；违法的
legal
adj.
法律的；合法的
survival
n.
幸存；幸存者
survive
vt.
&
vi.
幸存；生还；幸免于
judgement
n.
看法；判决；判断
judge
v.
判断；裁判；判决
n.
法官；裁判员
embarrassed
adj.
尴尬的；陷入困境的
embarrass
vt.
使窘迫，使尴尬
embarrassing
adj.
使人尴尬的；令人为难的
三星高频词汇
stress
n.
压力；重音vt.
加压力于；使紧张stressed
adj.
(感到)紧张的；感到有压力的
stressful
adj.
产生压力的；(令人)紧张的
effect
n.
结果；效力
affect
vt.
影响；感染；感动
effective
adj.
有效的，起作用的
effectively
adv.
有效地，生效地
accustom
vt.
使习惯于
accustomed
adj.
惯常的；习惯了的
addicted
adj.
入了迷的；上了瘾的
addict
v.
使沉迷；使上瘾
【构词法巧记单词】
1.
否定前缀un?高频形容词一览
①unfit
不合适的
②unfair
不公平的
③unusual
不寻常的
④unfriendly
不友好的
⑤unfortunate
不幸的
⑥uncomfortable
不舒服的
⑦unimportant
不重要的
⑧uncertain
不确定的
2.
?en后缀高频动词集锦
①weaken
削弱
②shorten
缩短
③lessen
减少
④sharpen
削尖
⑤broaden
加宽
⑥lighten
减轻
⑦threaten
恐吓
⑧frighten
使惊吓
【短语巧记】
due
to
由于……
(be)
addicted
to
对……有瘾
be
accustomed
to
习惯于……
decide
on
对……作出决定
feel
like
(doing)
想要(做)……
in
spite
of
不顾；不管
take
risks
(a
risk)
冒险
get
into
陷入；染上(坏习惯)
at
risk
处境危险；遭受危险
out
of
breath
上气不接下气；气喘吁吁
reach
for
伸手去拿；接触
manage
to
do
设法做成
have
an
effect
on/upon
对......有影响
over
and
over
again
再三；反复
【语法速递】
It
seems
amazing
(amaze)
that
at
my
age
I
am
still
fit
enough
to
cycle
(cycle)
20
kilometres
in
an
afternoon.
It
is
not
easy
to
stop
smoking,
but
millions
have
managed
to
quit
(quit)
and
so
can
you.
You
started
smoking
some
time
ago
and
now
you
are
finding
it
difficult
to
give
it
up.
This
means
that
after
a
while
your
body
becomes
accustomed
to
having
(have)
nicotine
in
it.
HIV
will
damage
your
immune
system
so
much
that
your
body
can
no
longer
fight
disease.
Do
some
relaxation
exercises
every
time
you
feel
stressed
(stress).
【典句仿写】
1.
as引导非限制性定语从句
【课文原句】As
you
know,
if
you
do
the
same
thing
over
and
over
again,
you
begin
to
do
it
automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
【仿写】【2017北京卷书面表达】
As
we
know,
the
Yangtze
River
is
the
longest
river
in
Asia
and
has
so
many
attractions.
正如我们知道的，长江是亚洲最长河流，拥有许多景点。
2.
It
is/was
time
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
该(某人)作某事的时候了
【课文原句】I
knew
it
was
time
to
quit
smoking.
我知道到了该戒烟的时候了。
【仿写】It
is
time
for
the
government
to
take
strict
measures
against
public
smoking.
该是政府采取严厉措施禁止在公共场所吸烟的时候了。
3.
“do/does/did
+动词原形”
加强语气，表示“的确；真的”
【课文原句】I
do
hope
so
because
I
want
you
to
live
as
long
and
healthy
a
life
as
I
have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样健康长寿。
【仿写】【2017全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】
I
do
hope
you
can
visit
the
paper?cutting
exhibition
with
me.
我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。
4.
强调句型：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其它部分
【课文原句】
It
is
only
when
the
disease
has
progressed
to
AIDS
that
a
person
begins
to
look
sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
【仿写】
It
was
only
when
he
failed
to
pass
the
exam
that
he
regretted
having
wasted
so
much
precious
time.
只有当他考试不及格时，他才后悔浪费了那么多宝贵的时间。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
stress
n.
压力；重音；重点
vt.使紧张；重读；强调；加压力于
(1)
under
stress
在压力之下
lay/put
stress
on
sth
强调某事物
stress
sth
(2)
stressful
adj.
压力重的
(3)
stressed
adj.
感到有压力的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When
under
stress,
even
a
most
gentle
person
can
be
bad-tempered
and
get
angry
easily.
②Nowadays
more
and
more
middle
school
students
are
getting
stressed
(stress)
in
their
studies.
③A
regular
and
busy
life
is
wonderful,
although
it’s
hard
and
stressful
(stress)．
④We
lay
special
stress
on
developing
good
neighborly
relations
with
nearby
countries.
(2)微写作
正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。
As
has
been
stressed
many
times,
learning
English
well
is
of
great
importance
to
your
career
development
in
the
future.
2.
addicted
adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(1)
be/become
addicted
to
沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)
addict
vt.
使沉溺；使上瘾
n.
有瘾的人
addict
oneself
to
sth
某人沉溺于某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Nowadays,
people
are
addicted
(addict)
to
smartphones
so
much
that
they
even
use
them
while
driving.
②The
smarter
a
child
is,
the
less
likely
he
gets
addicted
to
TV
(2)一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于玩电脑游戏，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。
①Many
kids
become/are/get
addicted
to
playing
the
computer
games,
so
they
have
lost
interest
in
study.(addicted)
②Many
kids
addict
themselves
to
playing
the
computer
games,
so
they
have
lost
interest
in
study.
(addict)
③Addicted
to
playing
the
computer
games,
many
kids
have
lost
interest
in
study.
(分词作状语)
3.
accustomed
adj.惯常的；习惯了的
(1)
be
accustomed
to
(doing)
sth
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
be
used
to
(doing)
sth
get/become
accustomed
to
(doing)
sth
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
get/become
used
to
(doing)
sth
(2)
accustom
vt.
使习惯于
accustom
sb/oneself
to
(doing)
sth
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Knowing
that
you
are
not
accustomed
to
the
life
here
and
are
considering
returning
to
America,
I
feel
very
upset.
②For
those
accustomed
(accustom)
to
a
comfortable
life,
the
change
to
remote
areas
must
have
been
very
hard.
③He
quickly
accustomed
himself
to
the
strong
academic
atmosphere
and
colorful
activities
in
the
college.
(2)一句多译
这位老人习惯于住在农村，发现很难适应城市的生活。
①The
old
man
is
accustomed
to
living
in
the
countryside,
and
he
finds
it
hard
to
adapt
to
the
life
in
the
city.
②Accustomed
to
living
in
the
countryside,
the
old
man
finds
it
hard
to
adapt
to
the
life
in
the
city.
(分词作状语)
4.
effect
n．结果；效力；影响
(1)
take
effect
生效；见效
have
an
effect/influence/impact
on/upon
对……产生影响
side
effects
副作用(多用复数)
(2)
effective
adj.
有效的；有影响的
(3)
affect
vt.
影响
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①Global
warming
is
having
a
great
effect
on/upon
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
②【2019北京卷】They
are
extremely
important
in
the
safe
and
effective
(effect)
running
of
our
programmes.
③There
is
no
denying
that
reading
books
of
traditional
culture
can
have
a
good
effect
on/upon
(有良好影响)
the
children.
(2)句子升级
Global
warming
is
greatly
affecting
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
Global
warming
is
having
a
great
effect/influence/impact
on/upon
hundreds
of
plant
and
animal
species
around
the
world.
5.
ashamed
adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(1)
be
ashamed
to
do...
耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be
ashamed
of
(doing)
sth
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)
It’s
a
shame
that.../What
a
shame
that...
……真让人遗憾。
(3)
shameful
adj.
可耻的；不道德的
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①I
felt
ashamed
(shame)
of
taking
advantage
of
his
sympathy,
and
I
finally
apologized
to
him.
②It
is
a
shame
that
a
good
student
should
do
something
like
that.
③It
is
shameful
(shame)
to
break
school
rules,
to
be
selfish
or
to
make
little
effort
to
achieve
progress.
(2)微写作
①读了上面如此多的妈妈们的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。
Having
read
about
the
above
common
complaint
from
so
many
mothers,
I
felt
ashamed
and
guilty.
②依我看来，你应该对自己的愚蠢行为感到羞耻。
In
my
opinion,
you
should
be
ashamed
of
your
foolish
behaviour.
【常考短语】
1.
take
risks/a
risk
冒险
(1)
at
risk
有风险；处境危险
at
the
risk
of
(doing)
...
冒着(做)……的危险
take/run
the
risk
(of
doing
sth)
冒险(做某事)
put...
at
risk
让……处于危险之中
(2)
risk
doing
sth
冒险做某事
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①【2017全国Ⅲ卷】They
were
more
likely
to
break
the
speed
limit
and
be
at
the
risk
of
getting
fined.
②He
got
well-prepared
for
the
job
interview,
for
he
couldn’t
risk
losing
(lose)
the
good
opportunity.
③He
risked
being
fired
(fire)
by
the
company,
uncovering
the
truth
of
the
whole
affair.
④He
felt
he
had
to
make
up
his
mind
on
every
step
instead
of
taking
risks
(risk).
(2)微写作
【2015江苏卷书面表达】交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。
Not
only
does
the
traffic
issue
affect
our
daily
life,
but
it
also
puts
people’s
lives
at
risk.
2.
in
spite
of
prep.
不顾;不管;尽管
despite
prep.
即使;尽管
regardless
of
prep.
不加理会;不顾
【名师点拨】
(1)
in
spite
of与despite二者基本同义，后面可跟名词、v-ing或what从句。
(2)
although/though也有“尽管”之意，但用作从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。
(3)
in
spite
of/
despite
+
n.=
in
spite
of/despite
the
fact
that+从句
=
although/though
+从句
【活学活用】
一句多译
虽然有疾病的威胁，人们照常忙着自己的事。
①Despite
the
threat
of
the
disease,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
②In
spite
of
the
threat
of
the
disease,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
③Despite
the
fact
that
the
disease
was
a
threat,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
④In
spite
of
the
fact
that
the
disease
was
a
threat,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
⑤Although
/
Though
the
disease
was
a
threat,
people
went
about
their
business
as
usual.
【必备句型】
1.
I
do
hope
so
because
I
want
you
to
live
as
long
and
healthy
a
life
as
I
have.我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样健康长寿。
【名师点拨】句型公式：
(1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”
(2)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”，像……一样……
(1)句型用于加强谓语动词的语气，但句子必须是肯定句，且句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
(2)句型中as
+
adj.要放在冠词之前，相似结构：how/so/too
+adj.
+
a(n)
+单数可数名词
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①【2019北京卷书面表达】We
do
hope
there
will
be
more
meaningful
activities
in
the
coming
future.
②To
our
joy,
he
did
manage
to
finish
the
task
ahead
of
schedule.
③We
wanted
him
to
have
as
full
a
life
as
possible,
not
different
from
what
we
want
for
our
other
two
sons.
④As
a
matter
of
fact,
I
can’t
afford
as
expensive
a
car
as
his.
(2)微写作
【2018全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】在我们校园里，打乒乓球和踢足球一样受欢迎。
Playing
ping?pong
is
as
popular
an
activity
as
playing
football
in
our
campus.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2020江苏卷】Best
of
all,
humor
raises
your
energy,
and
that
can
have
an
effect
on/upon
everything
you
do
at
school,
at
work,
or
in
your
personal
life.
②【2020全国III卷】With
the
young
unable
to
afford
to
leave
home
and
the
old
at
risk
of
isolation(孤独),
more
families
are
choosing
to
live
together.
③【2020全国I卷】
We
are
often
ashamed
(shame)
of
our
shortcomings,
our
mistakes
and
our
failures.
④【2020新高考全国I卷】
At
last,
all
the
runners
managed
to
arrive
(arrive)
at
the
finish
line,
receiving
cheers
from
all
the
directions.
⑤【2020全国I卷】But
the
sport’s
strange
form
does
place
considerable
stress
on
the
ankles
and
hips,
so
people
with
a
history
of
such
injuries
might
want
to
be
cautious
in
adopting
the
sport.
⑥【2020新高考全国I卷】
His
judgment
/judgement
(judge)
and
references
are
decidedly
American,
as
well
as
his
delicate
stomach.
⑦【2020全国I卷】Begin
to
train
your
brain
to
look
at
strength
(strong)
before
weakness
(weak).
⑧【2020浙江卷】
And
they
tended
to
lose
cognitive(认知)
function
at
a
much
slower
rate
than
those
with
the
least
mentally
(mental)
challenging
jobs.
⑨【2017全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】Learning
that
you
are
addicted
to
table
tennis,
I
am
writing
to
sincerely
invite
you
to
join
the
table
tennis
team
in
our
school.
⑩【2020新高考全国I卷完形填空】Watering
young
plants
in
the
dry
season
was
A
for
a
lone
boy.
Molai
built
at
the
top
of
each
sapling(幼树)
a
bamboo
platform,
where
he
placed
earthen
pots
with
small
holes
to
collect
rainwater.
A.
tough
B.
illegal
C.
fantastic
D.
beneficial
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2019天津卷书面表达】I
am
interested
in
all
kinds
of
music,
and
among
them
Jazz
is
my
favorite.
I
am
interested
in
all
kinds
of
music,
among
which
Jazz
is
my
favorite.
(用定语从句升级)
②【2019浙江卷书面表达】You
shared
me
with
rich
knowledge
of
English
and
English
culture.
It
is
you
who
shared
me
with
rich
knowledge
of
English
and
English
culture.
(用强调句型升级)
【主题写作】
假设你是李华，由于各种原因，你校的许多同学养成了熬夜的习惯，熬夜会对健康造成很大的危害。请你以“The
Harmful
Effects
of
Staying
Up
Late”为题，写一篇英语短文，给你校英文内刊投稿，以使熬夜的同学认识到熬夜的危害并改掉这一不良习惯。
【分化步骤,先句后篇】
1.
列提纲,补全要点句。
①由于各种原因，许多学生养成了熬夜的习惯。
For
various
reasons,
many
students
have
got
into
the
habit
of
staying
up.
②熬夜是个坏习惯，对健康有很坏的影响。
Staying
up
late
is
a
bad
habit,
which
will
have
bad
effects
on
our
health.
③熬夜不仅导致缺乏精力而且使我们头疼并无法在课上专心致志。
It
will
not
only
lead
to
a
lack
of
energy,
but
also
cause
us
to
suffer
from
headaches
and
be
unable
to
concentrate
on
our
lessons.
④长期熬夜会减弱记忆，并对视力和肝脏有害。
Long?time
staying
up
late
will
weaken
our
memory,
and
do
harm
to
eyesight
as
well
as
liver.
⑤习惯熬夜的人可能会患有其他疾病。
Those
who
are
accustomed
to
staying
up
late
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
other
diseases.
⑥是我们停止熬夜并保持健康的生活方式的时候了。
It
is
high
time
that
we
kept
a
healthy
lifestyle
and
quitted/gave
up
staying
up
late.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用定语从句升级句①
There
are
various
reasons
why
many
students
have
got
into
the
habit
of
staying
up
late.
②利用倒装句升级句③
Not
only
will
it
lead
to
a
lack
of
energy,
but
also
cause
us
to
suffer
from
headaches
and
be
unable
to
concentrate
on
our
lessons.
3.
恰当运用过渡词,完美布局成篇
There
are
various
reasons
why
many
students
have
got
into
the
habit
of
staying
up
late.
Actually,
staying
up
late
is
a
bad
habit,
which
will
have
bad
effects
on
our
health.
To
begin
with,
it
will
not
only
lead
to
a
lack
of
energy
but
also
cause
us
to
suffer
from
headaches
and
be
unable
to
concentrate
on
our
lessons.
Additionally,
long?time
staying
up
late
will
weaken
our
memory,
and
do
harm
to
eyesight
as
well
as
liver.
What’s
worse,
those
who
are
accustomed
to
staying
up
late
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
other
diseases.
Therefore,
it
is
high
time
that
we
should
adopt/adopted
a
healthy
lifestyle
and
quitted/gave
up
staying
up
late.
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