必修3
Unit4
Astronomy
the
science
of
the
stars
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
(写出下列单词的词性和意义)
astronomy
n.
天文学
astronomer
n.
天文学家
solar
adj.
太阳的；日光的
solar
system
太阳系
religion
n.
宗教；宗教信仰
atom
n.
原子
billion
pron.
&
n.
&
adj.<英>万亿；<美>十亿
globe
n.
球体；地球仪；地球
global
adj.
全球性的；全世界的
carbon
n.
碳
dioxide
n.
二氧化物
carbon
dioxide
二氧化碳
fundamental
adj.
基本的；基础的
presence
n.
出席；到场；存在
acid
n.
酸
reaction
n.
反应；回应
multiply
vi.
&
vt.
乘；增加；繁殖
oxygen
n.
氧
dinosaur
n.
恐龙
mammal
n.
哺乳动物
physicist
n.
物理学家
extinct
adj.
灭绝的；绝种的
lessen
vi.
&
vt.
减少；减轻
weightlessly
adv.
失重地
二星写作词汇
2
theory
n.
学说；理论
atmosphere
n.
大气层；气氛
chain
n.
链子；连锁；锁链
thus
adv.
因此；于是
satellite
n.
卫星；人造卫星
climate
n.
气候
crash
vi.
&
vt.
碰撞；坠落
spaceship
n.
宇宙飞船
gravity
n.
万有引力；重力
float
vi.
&
vt.
(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.
漂浮物
system
n.
系统；体系；制度systematic
adj.
系统的；体系的；有系统的
unlike
prep.
与...不同；不像
like
prep.
像，如同；
v.
喜欢；想；愿意
biology
n.
生物学
biologist
n.
生物学家
gentle
adj.
温和的；文雅的
gently
adv.
轻轻地；温柔地，温和地
mass
n.
质量；团；块；大量；(pl
masses
)群众
exhaust
vt.
用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽
exhausting
adj.
使人筋疲力尽的；使耗尽的
exhausted
adj.
筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的；耗尽的
三星高频词汇
harmful
adj.
有害的
harm
n.
&
vt.
伤害；损害
exist
vi.
存在；生存
existence
n.
存在；生存；存在物，实在物
puzzle
n.
谜；难题vt.
&
vi.
(使)迷惑；(使)为难
puzzled
adj.
困惑的；茫然的
puzzling
adj.
令人迷惑的，令人费解的
pull
n.
&
vt.
拉(力)；拖；牵引力
violent
adj.
猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的
violence
n.
暴力；侵犯
violently
adv.
激烈地；厉害地；凶猛地，暴力地
【短语巧记】
in
time
及时；终于
lay
eggs
下蛋
give
birth
to
产生；分娩
in
one’s
turn
轮到某人
prevent
...
from
阻止；制止
block
out
挡住(光线)
cheer
up
感到高兴；感到振奋
now
that
既然
get
the
hang
of
熟悉；掌握；理解
break
out
突发；爆发
watch
out
密切注意；当心；提防
cool
down
冷却下来
depend
on
依靠；依赖；取决于
crash
into
撞击
in
all
directions
向四面八方
be
harmful
to/do
harm
to
对……有害
【联想法巧记短语】2
1.
vt.
+
sb
+
from…型短语小结
①prevent
sb
from
doing
阻止某人做…
②stop
sb
(from)
doing
阻止某人做…
③keep
sb
from
doing
阻止某人做…
④protect
sb
from
保护…免遭…的伤害
⑤defend
sb
from
保护…免遭…的伤害
⑥shelter
sb
from
保护…免遭…的伤害
2.
v.
+
out
型短语荟萃
①look/watch
out
当心；提防
②put
out
扑灭
③run
out
用完；耗尽
④let
out
泄露；发出(声音)
⑤die
out
灭绝
⑥fade
out
淡出；渐弱
【语法速递】
So
whether
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
millions
of
years
to
come
will
depend
on
whether
this
problem
can
be
solved.
What
many
scientists
believe
is
that
the
continued
presence
of
water
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
harmful
(harm)
gases
and
acids
into
the
oceans
and
seas.
How
life
began
on
earth
is
one
of
the
biggest
puzzles
that
scientists
found
hard
to
solve
(solve).
According
to
a
widely
accepted
(accept)
theory,
the
universe
began
with
a
“Big
Bang”
which/that
threw
matter
in
all
directions.
We
watched,
amazed
(amaze)
as
fire
broke
out
on
the
outside
of
the
spaceship
as
the
earth’s
gravity
increased.
As
a
result
of
this
event,
a
great
dust
cloud
formed
in
the
sky
blocking
(block)
out
the
sunlight.
【典句仿写】
1.
动词＋it＋adj.
/
n.(宾补)＋to
do
【课文原句】This
produced
a
chain
reaction,
which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
【仿写】【2017全国I卷】Lots
of
people
find
it
hard
to
get
up
in
the
morning
and
put
the
blame
on
the
alarm
clock.
许多人发现早上起床很难就会责怪闹钟。
2.
倍数表达法：倍数＋
as...
as...
【课文原句】But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
found
I
was
carried
twice
as
far
as
on
the
earth
and
fell
over.
但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。
【仿写】Li
Ming’s
mobile
phone
looked
just
the
same
as
Zhang
Hua’s,
but
it
cost
twice
as
much
as
his.
李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。
3.
now
that
引导原因状语从句,
相当于
since
【课文原句】“Oh,
dear,”
I
cried,
“walking
does
need
a
bit
of
practice
now
that
gravity
has
changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
【仿写】【2017全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】
Now
that
you
are
fond
of
table
tennis,
I’d
like
to
invite
you
to
join
the
school
team.既然你喜欢乒乓球，我想邀请你加入校队。
4.
What
is
even
more
important
is
that…意为“更重要的是……”,
what引导主语从句
【课文原句】What
is
even
more
important
is
that
as
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
to
appear
on
its
surface.
?更重要的是随着地球冷却下来,水开始出现在地球的表面上。
【仿写】What
is
equally
important
is
that
you
should
take
regular
exercise
to
lose
weight.同样重要的是，你应该经常锻炼来减肥。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
lay
v.放置;搁;下(蛋);产(卵)
(1)
lay
eggs
下蛋
lay
the
table
摆放餐具(准备吃饭)
(2)
lay
stress
on
强调;
把重点放在……上
lay
the
foundation
for
为……奠定基础
【名师点拨】
lay是不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词依次是:laid;
laid;
laying。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①With
the
dinner
table
laid
(lay),
the
family
began
to
have
supper.
②It’s
obviously
a
lie
to
say
that
you’ve
watched
a
rooster
lying
there
laying
(lay)
eggs.
(2)微写作
一旦你完美掌握了一门语言,你已经为你未来的成功打下了基础。
Once
you
perfectly
master
a
single
language,
you
have
laid
the
foundation
for
our
future
success.
2.
exist
vi.存在;生存
(1)
There
exist(s)…
有/存在……
(there
be句型变式之一)
(2)
existing
adj.
现存的;现行的
(3)
existence
n.
存在
come
into
existence
产生;存在
【名师点拨】exist没有被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①According
to
some
philosophers,
everything
in
existence
(exist)
is
reasonable.
②In
her
speech,
the
Minister
came
out
against
any
change
to
the
existing
(exist)
law.
③There
exist
(exist)
various
opinions
among
the
committee
members.
④Water
once
existed
(exist)
on
Mars,
but
scientists
haven't
found
out
why
it
disappeared.
⑤Scientists
have
many
theories
about
how
the
universe
first
came
into
existence
(exist)．
(2)微写作
①众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。
As
is
known
to
us,
there
exists
a
generation
gap
between
the
young
and
the
old.
②尽管双方达成了部分协议,但他们之间仍存在着一些分歧。
There
still
existed
several
differences
between
them
although
the
two
sides
have
reached
a
partial
agreement.
3.
puzzle
n.谜;难题
vt.
&
vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
(1)
in
a
puzzle
感到困惑;不知如何是好
(be)
a
puzzle
to
sb
……对某人来说是个谜
(2)
puzzle
about/over
仔细琢磨;苦苦思索
(3)
puzzling
adj.
令人困惑的
puzzled
adj.
感到困惑的
be
puzzled
about
对……迷惑不解
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
researchers
are
still
puzzling
about/over
how
the
accident
could
have
happened.
②To
be
honest,
I
sometimes
feel
puzzled
(puzzle)
about
my
future
career.
③His
explanation
was
very
puzzling,
so
the
boy
wore
a
puzzled
expression.
(puzzle)
④Why
a
bird
can
cause
an
air
disaster
is
still
a
puzzle
to
me.
⑤Hearing
the
general
manager’s
explanation,
he
had
a
puzzled
(puzzle)
expression
on
his
face.
⑥The
reporters
as
well
as
some
critics
remained
puzzled
(puzzle)
by
the
election
results.
(2)一句多译
那位牧羊的农场主对他农场中羊只的丢失仍然感到疑惑不解。
The
sheep
farmer
was
still
in
a
puzzle
about
the
disappearance
of
some
sheep
on
his
farm.
(puzzle
n.)
The
sheep
farmer
was
still
puzzled
about
the
disappearance
of
some
sheep
on
his
farm.
(puzzled
adj.)
4.
pull
n.
&
vt.牵引力；拉(力)；拖
9
pull
down
拆毁；摧毁
pull
in
(车辆)
进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull
out
驶出；退出；拉出
pull
up
停车
【活学活用】
(1)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空
①The
train
has
pulled
in,
and
the
passengers
are
boarding
it
now.
②As
he
was
hopelessly
wandering
around
the
station,
the
train
pulled
out
of
the
station.
③They
are
pulling
down
those
houses
to
make
room
for
a
new
hotel.
(2)微写作
俗话说得好，拆比建容易。
As
the
old
saying
goes,
it’s
easier
to
pull
down
than
to
build
up.
【常考短语】
1.
in
time
(sooner
or
later)迟早;
(eventually)终于;及时
(1)
in
time
to
do
sth
及时做……
(2)
on
time
准时
at
one
time
曾经,一度；同时
at
a
time
一次；每次；在某时
at
no
time
决不
in
no
time
立刻,马上
at
times
有时,偶尔
from
time
to
time
有时,偶尔
at
the
same
time
与此同时
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义——写出下列句中bring
up的含义
①He
was
involved
in
a
murder
and
in
time
they
would
pick
him
up.
迟早
②Fred
and
Jim
did
not
like
each
other
at
first,
but
in
time
they
became
good
friends.
最终
③Even
though
there
were
only
ten
minutes
left,
I
was
in
time
for
his
lecture.
及时赶上
(2)用time相关短语的适当形式填空
①If
you
want
much
more
information,
get
in
touch
with
them
in
time.
②Her
daughters
visited
him
from
time
to
time
when
he
was
ill.
③We
shall
be
landing
in
Paris
in
sixteen
minutes,
exactly
on
time.
④At
no
time
shall
a
student
cheat
at
his
exam.
⑤The
mother
set
the
alarm
so
as
to
wake
up
in
time
to
give
her
two
sons
their
medicine.
⑥【2016全国卷Ⅲ】
At
one
time,
I
even
felt
my
parents
couldn’t
understand
me
so
I
hoped
I
could
be
free
from
them.
(3)微写作
俗话说：“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力迟早会有回报的。
As
the
old
saying
goes,
“Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.”
Our
efforts
will
pay
off
in
time.
2.
in
one’s
turn
轮到某人
in
turn
依次,轮流(侧重次序);转而;相应地;反过来
by
turns
轮流,交替地(侧重一个接一个)
take
turns
to
do
sth
轮流做某事
It
is
one’s
turn
to
do
轮到某人做某事。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When
it
was
in
my
turn,
I
was
too
excited
to
speak.
②At
the
meeting
they
took
turns
to
put
(put)
forward
a
number
of
suggestions
aiming
to
promote
the
reform
of
education
system.
③The
two
daughters
looked
after
their
sick
mother
by
turns.
(2)用turn的相关短语填空
①The
young
parents
had
to
take
turns
to
look
after
their
sick
baby.
②The
change
of
the
climate
makes
the
earth
warmer.
In
turn,
the
warmth
of
the
earth
changes
the
climate,
too.
③I
decided
to
divide
this
class
into
three
groups
to
give
them
lessons
by
turns.
(3)微写作
依我看来，理论的实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。
From
my
point
of
view,
theory
is
based
on
practice
and
in
turn
serves
practice.
3.
break
out
vi.
(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)突然发生;爆发
break
away
(from)
摆脱;脱离
break
in
vi.闯入;打断
break
into
vt.强行闯入
break
off
断开;停顿,突然终止
break
through
突破,战胜
break
up
粉碎;解散;(关系)破裂,结束;放假
break
down
(机器)出故障;(身体)垮掉;(精神)崩溃;(谈判等)失败;分解
【活学活用】
单句填空
①A
fire
broke
out
in
the
lower
story
during
the
midnight
and
soon
the
whole
building
was
in
flames.
②Last
night
somebody
broke
into
Mr
White’s
house
and
took
away
a
lot
of
things.
③She
broke
down
when
she
heard
the
news,
but
quickly
recovered.
④She
met
her
second
husband
not
long
after
her
first
marriage
broke
up.
⑤Scientists
think
they
have
broken
through
in
their
attempt
to
find
the
causes
of
many
major
diseases.
⑥We
were
discussing
our
plans,
but
had
to
break
off
when
the
telephone
rang.
4.
prevent…(from)
doing
阻止……做某事
stop…(from)
doing
阻止……做某事
keep…from
doing
阻止……做某事
protect…from
sth/being
done
保护……免受……伤害
keep…doing
sth
使……一直做某事
【名师点拨】
prevent/stop…from…中的from可以省略,
keep…from…中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中,
from均不可省略。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①His
heart
trouble
did
not
prevent
him
going
(go)
to
class
the
next
day.
②One
of
the
advantages
of
wearing
sunglasses
is
to
protect
one’s
eyes
from
the
strong
sunlight.
③In
cold
weather
days,
the
family
used
to
keep
the
home
fire
burning
(burn)
all
night
long.
(2)句式转换
The
heavy
rain
didn’t
prevent/stop/keep
us
from
going
to
the
forest
to
watch
the
birds
last
Sunday.
We
were
not
prevented/stopped/kept
from
going
to
the
forest
to
watch
the
birds
by
the
heavy
rain
last
Sunday.
【必备句型】
1.
But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
found
I
was
carried
twice
as
far
as
on
the
earth
and
fell
over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候,
我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,然后我摔倒了。
【名师点拨】句型公式:
…倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as…
twice
as
far
as…意为“是……的两倍远”。常见的倍数的表达方式有:
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as
+B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than
+B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight...)
＋of
+B
(4)A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
electronic
waste
stream
is
increasing
three
times
faster
(fast)
than
traditional
garbage
as
a
whole.
②The
number
of
students
now
in
this
school
is
four
times
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
③?His
latest
novel
is
twice
as
long
as
(两倍长)
his
previous
one.
④The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
three
times
the
size
of
the
present
one.
(2)一句多译
【2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。
①The
short
film
tells
about
the
development
of
our
school.
Now
our
school
is
three
times
as
big
as
that
ten
years
ago.
②The
short
film
tells
about
the
development
of
our
school.
Now
our
school
is
twice
bigger
than
that
ten
years
ago.
③The
short
film
tells
about
the
development
of
our
school.
Now
our
school
is
three
times
the
size
of
that
ten
years
ago.
2.
This
produced
a
chain
reaction,
which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
这引起了一个连锁反应,使生命的发展成为可能。
【名师点拨】句型公式：句型公式：make
it＋adj./n.＋for
sb
to
do
(1)
make＋it＋adj./n.＋to
do不定式
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
make＋it＋no
good/no
use/no
value...＋doing
sth
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,
consider,
find,
feel等。
【活学活用】
(1)微写作
①在西方,人们常在圣诞节时给他们的亲朋好友购买礼物。
People
in
the
West
make
it
a
rule
to
buy
Christmas
presents
for
their
relatives
and
friends.
②显然,是因特网使得彼此间交流很容易。
Obviously,
it
is
the
Internet
that
makes
it
easy
to
communicate
with
each
other.
③他们预计于6月6日前抵达上海,正好能赶上参加会议。
They
are
scheduled
to
reach
Shanghai
by
June
6
making
it
possible
for
them
to
attend
the
meeting.
(2)单句填空
①Having
watched
A
Bite
of
China
will
make
it
easier
for
you
to
understand
why
he
is
determined
to
make
his
living
by
running
a
Chinese
food
restaurant
in
New
York.
②She
made
it
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
③He
is
stubborn,
which
makes
it
no
use
quarrelling
(quarrel)
with
him
about
it.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2019江苏卷】
Steve
moved
to
the
piano
and
sat
at
the
bench,
hands
trembling
as
he
gently
(gentle)
placed
his
fingers
on
the
keys.
②【2019全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】
At
the
same
time,
I
have
a
good
command
of
several
languages
including
English.
③【2016浙江卷】I
made
friends
with
the
natives,
and
their
reaction
(react)
amazed
me.
④【2017全国II卷】Steam
engines
are
used
to
pull
(pull)
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
⑤【2017全国III卷】She
looks
like
any
other
schoolgirl,
fresh-faced
and
full
of
life.
But
unlike
(like)
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting
⑥【2019全国I卷】It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
(globe)
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
poorly
studied
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2018全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】I
think
you
had
better
bring
a
small
gift
when
we
attend
a
dinner
party.
I
think
it
a
good
idea
to
bring
a
small
gift
when
we
attend
a
dinner
party.
(用v.
+
it+
adj./n.句型升级蓝色字体部分)
②【2015北京卷书面表达】This
morning,
when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,
I
saw
that
two
travelers
looked
puzzled
as
they
were
reading
a
map.
This
morning,
when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,
I
saw
that
two
travelers
were
reading
a
map,
looking
puzzled.(用分词作状语升级蓝色字体部分)
【主题写作】
假定你是李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下①父母的意见；②你的观点。(至少写2点)
【分化步骤，先句后篇】
1.
列提纲，补全要点句。
①我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我不能专心学习。
There
exists
a
problem
between
my
parents
and
me,
and
that
has
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
concentrate
on
my
study.
②我对太空探险很痴迷因此我业余时间总是去图书馆，在那里我掌握了许多与太空探索有关的材料。(定语从句)
I
am
so
crazy
about
space
exploration
that
in
my
spare
time
I
often
go
to
the
library,
where
I
have
got
the
hang
of
much
about
space
exploration.
③这使我的父母很生气，因为他们认为我的爱好对我的学习有害。
This
makes
my
parents
very
angry
because
they
think
my
hobby
is
harmful
to
my
study.
④使我沮丧的是他们总是阻止我去图书馆，并督促我用两倍多的时间学习。(主从)
What
makes
me
upset
is
that
they
always
prevent
me
from
going
to
the
library
and
urge
me
to
spend
twice
more
time
on
my
lessons.
⑤依我看，良好的爱好不仅对全面发展有益，而且最终有助于我的成功。
In
my
view,
healthy
hobbies
are
beneficial
to
my
overall
development
and
can
contribute
to
my
success
in
time
as
well.
⑥既然你处理过类似的情况，我想知道你是否能给我一些建议。
Now
that
you
have
dealt
with
such
situation,
I’m
wondering
whether
you
can
offer
me
some
suggestions.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用分词作状语或非限制性定语从句升级句①
There
exists
a
problem
between
my
parents
and
me,
making/which
has
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
concentrate
on
my
study
②利用not
only…but
also…倒装句型升级句⑤
In
my
view,
not
only
are
healthy
hobbies
beneficial
to
my
overall
development
but
can
also
contribute
to
my
success
in
time.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Dear
Stephen,
There
exists
a
problem
between
my
parents
and
me,
which
has
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
concentrate
on
my
study.
Actually,
I
am
so
crazy
about
space
exploration
that
in
my
spare
time
I
often
go
to
the
library,
where
I
have
got
the
hang
of
much
about
space
exploration.
However,
this
makes
my
parents
very
angry
because
they
think
my
hobby
is
harmful
to
my
study.
Moreover,
what
upsets
me
is
that
they
always
prevent
me
from
going
to
the
library
and
urge
me
to
spend
twice
more
time
on
my
lessons.
In
my
view,
not
only
are
healthy
hobbies
beneficial
to
my
overall
development
but
can
also
contribute
to
my
success
in
time.
Now
that
you
have
dealt
with
such
situation,
I’m
wondering
whether
you
can
offer
me
some
suggestions.
Yours,
Li
Hua必修3
Unit4
Astronomy
the
science
of
the
stars
一轮复习导学案
基础知识梳理
【三星词汇】
一星阅读词汇
(写出下列单词的词性和意义)
astronomy
n.
天文学
astronomer
n.
天文学家
solar
adj.
太阳的；日光的
solar
system
太阳系
religion
n.
宗教；宗教信仰
atom
n.
原子
billion
pron.
&
n.
&
adj.<英>万亿；<美>十亿
globe
n.
球体；地球仪；地球
global
adj.
全球性的；全世界的
carbon
n.
碳
dioxide
n.
二氧化物
carbon
dioxide
二氧化碳
fundamental
adj.
基本的；基础的
presence
n.
出席；到场；存在
acid
n.
酸
reaction
n.
反应；回应
multiply
vi.
&
vt.
乘；增加；繁殖
oxygen
n.
氧
dinosaur
n.
恐龙
mammal
n.
哺乳动物
physicist
n.
物理学家
extinct
adj.
灭绝的；绝种的
lessen
vi.
&
vt.
减少；减轻
weightlessly
adv.
失重地
二星写作词汇
2
theory
n.
学说；理论
atmosphere
n.
大气层；气氛
chain
n.
链子；连锁；锁链
thus
adv.
因此；于是
satellite
n.
卫星；人造卫星
climate
n.
气候
crash
vi.
&
vt.
碰撞；坠落
spaceship
n.
宇宙飞船
gravity
n.
万有引力；重力
float
vi.
&
vt.
(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.
漂浮物
system
n.
系统；体系；制度systematic
adj.
系统的；体系的；有系统的
unlike
prep.
与...不同；不像
like
prep.
像，如同；
v.
喜欢；想；愿意
biology
n.
生物学
biologist
n.
生物学家
gentle
adj.
温和的；文雅的
gently
adv.
轻轻地；温柔地，温和地
mass
n.
质量；团；块；大量；(pl
masses
)群众
exhaust
vt.
用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽
exhausting
adj.
使人筋疲力尽的；使耗尽的
exhausted
adj.
筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的；耗尽的
三星高频词汇
harmful
adj.
有害的
harm
n.
&
vt.
伤害；损害
exist
vi.
存在；生存
existence
n.
存在；生存；存在物，实在物
puzzle
n.
谜；难题vt.
&
vi.
(使)迷惑；(使)为难
puzzled
adj.
困惑的；茫然的
puzzling
adj.
令人迷惑的，令人费解的
pull
n.
&
vt.
拉(力)；拖；牵引力
violent
adj.
猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的
violence
n.
暴力；侵犯
violently
adv.
激烈地；厉害地；凶猛地，暴力地
【短语巧记】
in
time
及时；终于
lay
eggs
下蛋
give
birth
to
产生；分娩
in
one’s
turn
轮到某人
prevent
...
from
阻止；制止
block
out
挡住(光线)
cheer
up
感到高兴；感到振奋
now
that
既然
get
the
hang
of
熟悉；掌握；理解
break
out
突发；爆发
watch
out
密切注意；当心；提防
cool
down
冷却下来
depend
on
依靠；依赖；取决于
crash
into
撞击
in
all
directions
向四面八方
be
harmful
to/do
harm
to
对……有害
【联想法巧记短语】2
1.
vt.
+
sb
+
from…型短语小结
①prevent
sb
from
doing
阻止某人做…
②stop
sb
(from)
doing
阻止某人做…
③keep
sb
from
doing
阻止某人做…
④protect
sb
from
保护…免遭…的伤害
⑤defend
sb
from
保护…免遭…的伤害
⑥shelter
sb
from
保护…免遭…的伤害
2.
v.
+
out
型短语荟萃
①look/watch
out
当心；提防
②put
out
扑灭
③run
out
用完；耗尽
④let
out
泄露；发出(声音)
⑤die
out
灭绝
⑥fade
out
淡出；渐弱
【语法速递】
So
whether
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
millions
of
years
to
come
will
depend
on
whether
this
problem
can
be
solved.
What
many
scientists
believe
is
that
the
continued
presence
of
water
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
harmful
(harm)
gases
and
acids
into
the
oceans
and
seas.
How
life
began
on
earth
is
one
of
the
biggest
puzzles
that
scientists
found
hard
to
solve
(solve).
According
to
a
widely
accepted
(accept)
theory,
the
universe
began
with
a
“Big
Bang”
which/that
threw
matter
in
all
directions.
We
watched,
amazed
(amaze)
as
fire
broke
out
on
the
outside
of
the
spaceship
as
the
earth’s
gravity
increased.
As
a
result
of
this
event,
a
great
dust
cloud
formed
in
the
sky
blocking
(block)
out
the
sunlight.
【典句仿写】
1.
动词＋it＋adj.
/
n.(宾补)＋to
do
【课文原句】This
produced
a
chain
reaction,
which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
【仿写】【2017全国I卷】Lots
of
people
find
it
hard
to
get
up
in
the
morning
and
put
the
blame
on
the
alarm
clock.
许多人发现早上起床很难就会责怪闹钟。
2.
倍数表达法：倍数＋
as...
as...
【课文原句】But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
found
I
was
carried
twice
as
far
as
on
the
earth
and
fell
over.
但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。
【仿写】Li
Ming’s
mobile
phone
looked
just
the
same
as
Zhang
Hua’s,
but
it
cost
twice
as
much
as
his.
李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。
3.
now
that
引导原因状语从句,
相当于
since
【课文原句】“Oh,
dear,”
I
cried,
“walking
does
need
a
bit
of
practice
now
that
gravity
has
changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
【仿写】【2017全国卷Ⅲ书面表达】
Now
that
you
are
fond
of
table
tennis,
I’d
like
to
invite
you
to
join
the
school
team.既然你喜欢乒乓球，我想邀请你加入校队。
4.
What
is
even
more
important
is
that…意为“更重要的是……”,
what引导主语从句
【课文原句】What
is
even
more
important
is
that
as
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
to
appear
on
its
surface.
?更重要的是随着地球冷却下来,水开始出现在地球的表面上。
【仿写】What
is
equally
important
is
that
you
should
take
regular
exercise
to
lose
weight.同样重要的是，你应该经常锻炼来减肥。
核心要点探究
【高频单词】
1.
lay
v.放置;搁;下(蛋);产(卵)
(1)
lay
eggs
下蛋
lay
the
table
摆放餐具(准备吃饭)
(2)
lay
stress
on
强调;
把重点放在……上
lay
the
foundation
for
为……奠定基础
【名师点拨】
lay是不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词依次是:laid;
laid;
laying。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①With
the
dinner
table
laid
(lay),
the
family
began
to
have
supper.
②It’s
obviously
a
lie
to
say
that
you’ve
watched
a
rooster
lying
there
laying
(lay)
eggs.
(2)微写作
一旦你完美掌握了一门语言,你已经为你未来的成功打下了基础。
Once
you
perfectly
master
a
single
language,
you
have
laid
the
foundation
for
our
future
success.
2.
exist
vi.存在;生存
(1)
There
exist(s)…
有/存在……
(there
be句型变式之一)
(2)
existing
adj.
现存的;现行的
(3)
existence
n.
存在
come
into
existence
产生;存在
【名师点拨】exist没有被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①According
to
some
philosophers,
everything
in
existence
(exist)
is
reasonable.
②In
her
speech,
the
Minister
came
out
against
any
change
to
the
existing
(exist)
law.
③There
exist
(exist)
various
opinions
among
the
committee
members.
④Water
once
existed
(exist)
on
Mars,
but
scientists
haven't
found
out
why
it
disappeared.
⑤Scientists
have
many
theories
about
how
the
universe
first
came
into
existence
(exist)．
(2)微写作
①众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。
As
is
known
to
us,
there
exists
a
generation
gap
between
the
young
and
the
old.
②尽管双方达成了部分协议,但他们之间仍存在着一些分歧。
There
still
existed
several
differences
between
them
although
the
two
sides
have
reached
a
partial
agreement.
3.
puzzle
n.谜;难题
vt.
&
vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
(1)
in
a
puzzle
感到困惑;不知如何是好
(be)
a
puzzle
to
sb
……对某人来说是个谜
(2)
puzzle
about/over
仔细琢磨;苦苦思索
(3)
puzzling
adj.
令人困惑的
puzzled
adj.
感到困惑的
be
puzzled
about
对……迷惑不解
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
researchers
are
still
puzzling
about/over
how
the
accident
could
have
happened.
②To
be
honest,
I
sometimes
feel
puzzled
(puzzle)
about
my
future
career.
③His
explanation
was
very
puzzling,
so
the
boy
wore
a
puzzled
expression.
(puzzle)
④Why
a
bird
can
cause
an
air
disaster
is
still
a
puzzle
to
me.
⑤Hearing
the
general
manager’s
explanation,
he
had
a
puzzled
(puzzle)
expression
on
his
face.
⑥The
reporters
as
well
as
some
critics
remained
puzzled
(puzzle)
by
the
election
results.
(2)一句多译
那位牧羊的农场主对他农场中羊只的丢失仍然感到疑惑不解。
The
sheep
farmer
was
still
in
a
puzzle
about
the
disappearance
of
some
sheep
on
his
farm.
(puzzle
n.)
The
sheep
farmer
was
still
puzzled
about
the
disappearance
of
some
sheep
on
his
farm.
(puzzled
adj.)
4.
pull
n.
&
vt.牵引力；拉(力)；拖
9
pull
down
拆毁；摧毁
pull
in
(车辆)
进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull
out
驶出；退出；拉出
pull
up
停车
【活学活用】
(1)用pull相关短语的适当形式填空
①The
train
has
pulled
in,
and
the
passengers
are
boarding
it
now.
②As
he
was
hopelessly
wandering
around
the
station,
the
train
pulled
out
of
the
station.
③They
are
pulling
down
those
houses
to
make
room
for
a
new
hotel.
(2)微写作
俗话说得好，拆比建容易。
As
the
old
saying
goes,
it’s
easier
to
pull
down
than
to
build
up.
【常考短语】
1.
in
time
(sooner
or
later)迟早;
(eventually)终于;及时
(1)
in
time
to
do
sth
及时做……
(2)
on
time
准时
at
one
time
曾经,一度；同时
at
a
time
一次；每次；在某时
at
no
time
决不
in
no
time
立刻,马上
at
times
有时,偶尔
from
time
to
time
有时,偶尔
at
the
same
time
与此同时
【活学活用】
(1)一词多义——写出下列句中bring
up的含义
①He
was
involved
in
a
murder
and
in
time
they
would
pick
him
up.
迟早
②Fred
and
Jim
did
not
like
each
other
at
first,
but
in
time
they
became
good
friends.
最终
③Even
though
there
were
only
ten
minutes
left,
I
was
in
time
for
his
lecture.
及时赶上
(2)用time相关短语的适当形式填空
①If
you
want
much
more
information,
get
in
touch
with
them
in
time.
②Her
daughters
visited
him
from
time
to
time
when
he
was
ill.
③We
shall
be
landing
in
Paris
in
sixteen
minutes,
exactly
on
time.
④At
no
time
shall
a
student
cheat
at
his
exam.
⑤The
mother
set
the
alarm
so
as
to
wake
up
in
time
to
give
her
two
sons
their
medicine.
⑥【2016全国卷Ⅲ】
At
one
time,
I
even
felt
my
parents
couldn’t
understand
me
so
I
hoped
I
could
be
free
from
them.
(3)微写作
俗话说：“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力迟早会有回报的。
As
the
old
saying
goes,
“Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.”
Our
efforts
will
pay
off
in
time.
2.
in
one’s
turn
轮到某人
in
turn
依次,轮流(侧重次序);转而;相应地;反过来
by
turns
轮流,交替地(侧重一个接一个)
take
turns
to
do
sth
轮流做某事
It
is
one’s
turn
to
do
轮到某人做某事。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①When
it
was
in
my
turn,
I
was
too
excited
to
speak.
②At
the
meeting
they
took
turns
to
put
(put)
forward
a
number
of
suggestions
aiming
to
promote
the
reform
of
education
system.
③The
two
daughters
looked
after
their
sick
mother
by
turns.
(2)用turn的相关短语填空
①The
young
parents
had
to
take
turns
to
look
after
their
sick
baby.
②The
change
of
the
climate
makes
the
earth
warmer.
In
turn,
the
warmth
of
the
earth
changes
the
climate,
too.
③I
decided
to
divide
this
class
into
three
groups
to
give
them
lessons
by
turns.
(3)微写作
依我看来，理论的实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。
From
my
point
of
view,
theory
is
based
on
practice
and
in
turn
serves
practice.
3.
break
out
vi.
(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)突然发生;爆发
break
away
(from)
摆脱;脱离
break
in
vi.闯入;打断
break
into
vt.强行闯入
break
off
断开;停顿,突然终止
break
through
突破,战胜
break
up
粉碎;解散;(关系)破裂,结束;放假
break
down
(机器)出故障;(身体)垮掉;(精神)崩溃;(谈判等)失败;分解
【活学活用】
单句填空
①A
fire
broke
out
in
the
lower
story
during
the
midnight
and
soon
the
whole
building
was
in
flames.
②Last
night
somebody
broke
into
Mr
White’s
house
and
took
away
a
lot
of
things.
③She
broke
down
when
she
heard
the
news,
but
quickly
recovered.
④She
met
her
second
husband
not
long
after
her
first
marriage
broke
up.
⑤Scientists
think
they
have
broken
through
in
their
attempt
to
find
the
causes
of
many
major
diseases.
⑥We
were
discussing
our
plans,
but
had
to
break
off
when
the
telephone
rang.
4.
prevent…(from)
doing
阻止……做某事
stop…(from)
doing
阻止……做某事
keep…from
doing
阻止……做某事
protect…from
sth/being
done
保护……免受……伤害
keep…doing
sth
使……一直做某事
【名师点拨】
prevent/stop…from…中的from可以省略,
keep…from…中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中,
from均不可省略。
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①His
heart
trouble
did
not
prevent
him
going
(go)
to
class
the
next
day.
②One
of
the
advantages
of
wearing
sunglasses
is
to
protect
one’s
eyes
from
the
strong
sunlight.
③In
cold
weather
days,
the
family
used
to
keep
the
home
fire
burning
(burn)
all
night
long.
(2)句式转换
The
heavy
rain
didn’t
prevent/stop/keep
us
from
going
to
the
forest
to
watch
the
birds
last
Sunday.
We
were
not
prevented/stopped/kept
from
going
to
the
forest
to
watch
the
birds
by
the
heavy
rain
last
Sunday.
【必备句型】
1.
But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
found
I
was
carried
twice
as
far
as
on
the
earth
and
fell
over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候,
我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,然后我摔倒了。
【名师点拨】句型公式:
…倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as…
twice
as
far
as…意为“是……的两倍远”。常见的倍数的表达方式有:
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as
+B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than
+B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight...)
＋of
+B
(4)A＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”
【活学活用】
(1)单句填空
①The
electronic
waste
stream
is
increasing
three
times
faster
(fast)
than
traditional
garbage
as
a
whole.
②The
number
of
students
now
in
this
school
is
four
times
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
③?His
latest
novel
is
twice
as
long
as
(两倍长)
his
previous
one.
④The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
three
times
the
size
of
the
present
one.
(2)一句多译
【2018全国卷Ⅱ书面表达】这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。
①The
short
film
tells
about
the
development
of
our
school.
Now
our
school
is
three
times
as
big
as
that
ten
years
ago.
②The
short
film
tells
about
the
development
of
our
school.
Now
our
school
is
twice
bigger
than
that
ten
years
ago.
③The
short
film
tells
about
the
development
of
our
school.
Now
our
school
is
three
times
the
size
of
that
ten
years
ago.
2.
This
produced
a
chain
reaction,
which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
这引起了一个连锁反应,使生命的发展成为可能。
【名师点拨】句型公式：句型公式：make
it＋adj./n.＋for
sb
to
do
(1)
make＋it＋adj./n.＋to
do不定式
make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
make＋it＋no
good/no
use/no
value...＋doing
sth
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think,
consider,
find,
feel等。
【活学活用】
(1)微写作
①在西方,人们常在圣诞节时给他们的亲朋好友购买礼物。
People
in
the
West
make
it
a
rule
to
buy
Christmas
presents
for
their
relatives
and
friends.
②显然,是因特网使得彼此间交流很容易。
Obviously,
it
is
the
Internet
that
makes
it
easy
to
communicate
with
each
other.
③他们预计于6月6日前抵达上海,正好能赶上参加会议。
They
are
scheduled
to
reach
Shanghai
by
June
6
making
it
possible
for
them
to
attend
the
meeting.
(2)单句填空
①Having
watched
A
Bite
of
China
will
make
it
easier
for
you
to
understand
why
he
is
determined
to
make
his
living
by
running
a
Chinese
food
restaurant
in
New
York.
②She
made
it
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
③He
is
stubborn,
which
makes
it
no
use
quarrelling
(quarrel)
with
him
about
it.
高考真题演练
【品句填词】
①【2019江苏卷】
Steve
moved
to
the
piano
and
sat
at
the
bench,
hands
trembling
as
he
gently
(gentle)
placed
his
fingers
on
the
keys.
②【2019全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】
At
the
same
time,
I
have
a
good
command
of
several
languages
including
English.
③【2016浙江卷】I
made
friends
with
the
natives,
and
their
reaction
(react)
amazed
me.
④【2017全国II卷】Steam
engines
are
used
to
pull
(pull)
the
carriages
and
it
must
have
been
fairly
unpleasant
for
the
passengers,
with
all
the
smoke
and
noise.
⑤【2017全国III卷】She
looks
like
any
other
schoolgirl,
fresh-faced
and
full
of
life.
But
unlike
(like)
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting
⑥【2019全国I卷】It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
(globe)
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
poorly
studied
语言素养提升
【句式升级】
①【2018全国卷Ⅰ书面表达】I
think
you
had
better
bring
a
small
gift
when
we
attend
a
dinner
party.
I
think
it
a
good
idea
to
bring
a
small
gift
when
we
attend
a
dinner
party.
(用v.
+
it+
adj./n.句型升级蓝色字体部分)
②【2015北京卷书面表达】This
morning,
when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,
I
saw
that
two
travelers
looked
puzzled
as
they
were
reading
a
map.
This
morning,
when
I
was
walking
on
the
street,
I
saw
that
two
travelers
were
reading
a
map,
looking
puzzled.(用分词作状语升级蓝色字体部分)
【主题写作】
假定你是李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下①父母的意见；②你的观点。(至少写2点)
【分化步骤，先句后篇】
1.
列提纲，补全要点句。
①我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我不能专心学习。
There
exists
a
problem
between
my
parents
and
me,
and
that
has
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
concentrate
on
my
study.
②我对太空探险很痴迷因此我业余时间总是去图书馆，在那里我掌握了许多与太空探索有关的材料。(定语从句)
I
am
so
crazy
about
space
exploration
that
in
my
spare
time
I
often
go
to
the
library,
where
I
have
got
the
hang
of
much
about
space
exploration.
③这使我的父母很生气，因为他们认为我的爱好对我的学习有害。
This
makes
my
parents
very
angry
because
they
think
my
hobby
is
harmful
to
my
study.
④使我沮丧的是他们总是阻止我去图书馆，并督促我用两倍多的时间学习。(主从)
What
makes
me
upset
is
that
they
always
prevent
me
from
going
to
the
library
and
urge
me
to
spend
twice
more
time
on
my
lessons.
⑤依我看，良好的爱好不仅对全面发展有益，而且最终有助于我的成功。
In
my
view,
healthy
hobbies
are
beneficial
to
my
overall
development
and
can
contribute
to
my
success
in
time
as
well.
⑥既然你处理过类似的情况，我想知道你是否能给我一些建议。
Now
that
you
have
dealt
with
such
situation,
I’m
wondering
whether
you
can
offer
me
some
suggestions.
2.
运用高级词汇和句型升级平淡句
①利用分词作状语或非限制性定语从句升级句①
There
exists
a
problem
between
my
parents
and
me,
making/which
has
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
concentrate
on
my
study
②利用not
only…but
also…倒装句型升级句⑤
In
my
view,
not
only
are
healthy
hobbies
beneficial
to
my
overall
development
but
can
also
contribute
to
my
success
in
time.
3.
恰当运用过渡词，完美布局成篇
Dear
Stephen,
There
exists
a
problem
between
my
parents
and
me,
which
has
made
it
impossible
for
me
to
concentrate
on
my
study.
Actually,
I
am
so
crazy
about
space
exploration
that
in
my
spare
time
I
often
go
to
the
library,
where
I
have
got
the
hang
of
much
about
space
exploration.
However,
this
makes
my
parents
very
angry
because
they
think
my
hobby
is
harmful
to
my
study.
Moreover,
what
upsets
me
is
that
they
always
prevent
me
from
going
to
the
library
and
urge
me
to
spend
twice
more
time
on
my
lessons.
In
my
view,
not
only
are
healthy
hobbies
beneficial
to
my
overall
development
but
can
also
contribute
to
my
success
in
time.
Now
that
you
have
dealt
with
such
situation,
I’m
wondering
whether
you
can
offer
me
some
suggestions.
Yours,
Li
Hua
