(共21张PPT)
题型一
完形填空
第三部分 重难题型过关
方法帮
完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型,既考查考生的阅读能力,又考查考生选词用词(根据文章的上下文逻辑关系正确选择词汇)的能力。该部分注重对考生语篇整体理解能力的考查,要求考生从所给材料中寻找线索,进行合理的推理和猜测,在材料的空白处选入适当的词语。在做题的过程中,考生可着重考虑以下几个方面。
寻复现,找答案
方法
1
在完形填空选项的设置上,命题人往往会通过原词复现、词形变化复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词复现、上下句复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇,或创设一种必须使用特定词汇的语境来考查考生在具体语境中使用词汇的能力。因此,做题时,在把握语篇、依托语境的基础上,考生应注意查找选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相照应的选项,运用词汇复现技巧快速找出正确答案。
【思路指导】 根据设空后的"Reading
can
take
you
to
places"可知此处是说,读半小时你喜欢的书,结合选项可知D项符合文意。此题为词形变化复现。
寻复现,找答案
方法
1
【典例1】 [2020河北节选]
But
if
you
are
a
book
lover
just
like
me,
47
a
book
you
like
for
half
an
hour.
Reading
can
take
you
to
places
you've
never
been.Putting
yourself
into
a
new
world
helps
you
forget
your
stress
in
this
world
for
a
little
bit.?
47.A.
copy
B.
write
C.
print
D.
read
寻复现,找答案
方法
1
【典例2】 [2019河北节选]
Soon
after,
the
company
sent
me
a
book
about
the
life
of
Thomas
Edison.
How
I
enjoyed
reading
and
rereading
about
his
39 !
I
like
the
recorded
sound
and
the
electric
light
most.
The
inventions
were
clearly
printed
on
my
brain.
39.A.
lights
B.
projects
C.
suggestions
D.
inventions
【思路指导】 根据设空后列举的一些关于Thomas
Edison的发明和inventions可推断,我非常喜欢读关于他的"发明"的故事,故D项符合文意。此题为原词复现。
看语境,辨词义
方法
2
在完形填空选项的设置上,多考查考生通过上下文的提示或暗示,对文章进行整体把握的能力。选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案;若放在整篇文章提供的语境中,利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析,则能够确定一个最佳答案。此类题解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。因此在做此类试题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,认真比较所给选项,从而选出最符合上下文语境的答案。
看语境,辨词义
方法
2
【典例3】 [2020河北节选]
When
the
stress
of
exams
is
really
hitting
me,
I
stop
and
take
a
walk.
I
usually
borrow
my
neighbor's
dog
and
walk
for
about
fifteen
minutes.
Many
boys
would
simply
choose
to
run
for
a
while,
or
play
ball
games.
Having
some
43
drives
away
your
stress
easily
most
of
the
time.?
43.A.
jokes
B.
sports
C.
tasks
D.
lessons
【思路指导】 根据设空前的"run"和"play
ball
games"可知此处是说,大多数时候,做一些运动能很容易地驱散你的压力,故所缺的词是sports。此题根据前置信息得出的答案。
看语境,辨词义
方法
2
【典例3】 [2020河北节选]
When
the
stress
of
exams
is
really
hitting
me,
I
stop
and
take
a
walk.
I
usually
borrow
my
neighbor's
dog
and
walk
for
about
fifteen
minutes.
Many
boys
would
simply
choose
to
run
for
a
while,
or
play
ball
games.
Having
some
43
drives
away
your
stress
easily
most
of
the
time.?
43.A.
jokes
B.
sports
C.
tasks
D.
lessons
【思路指导】 根据设空前的"run"和"play
ball
games"可知此处是说,大多数时候,做一些运动能很容易地驱散你的压力,故所缺的词是sports。此题根据前置信息得出的答案。
看语境,辨词义
方法
2
【典例4】
[2019河北节选]
I
learned
that
different
inventors
often
invent
similar
things.
It
is
not
unusual
for
this
to
happen.
I
also
learned
that
not
all
great
ideas
43 .
Failure
is
a
common
part
of
the
inventing.?
43.A.
work
B.
fail
C.
come
D.
end
【思路指导】 根据下文提及的"Failure
is
a
common
part
of
the
inventing"可知,我还了解到不是所有好的想法都能产生预期的效果,work有"奏效,产生预期的结果(或作用)"之意,故答案为A。此题根据后置信息得出的答案。
析逻辑,索答案
方法
3
完形填空中有的题目侧重考查考生对文章意思、人物话语的逻辑性的精准判断。解答此类题目时要关注连词的功能,关注词语的多义性,从具体语境入手,顺着文章的思路,依据给出的上下文信息进行合乎逻辑的判断。
析逻辑,索答案
方法
3
有时,选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语,涉及文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系等。常见的承接语有and,
but,
however,
so等。常见的such
as,
for
example等表示列举;first,
next,
then,
finally等用来按次序描述事件发生的过程;though,
although引导让步状语从句;
so表结果;because,
since,
for表原因。
析逻辑,索答案
方法
3
【典例5】 [2020河北节选]
And
44
you
find
music
helpful,
give
it
a
go.Listening
to
your
favorite
songs
will
surely
make
you
happy.The
best
thing
about
this
is
that
you
don't
have
to
go
anywhere.?
44.A.
before
B.
until
C.
since
D.
if
【思路指导】 根据设空后的"你发现音乐很有帮助"及"试一试"可知,所缺的词是if"如果",引导条件状语从句。
析逻辑,索答案
方法
3
【典例6】 [2018河北节选]
Once
there
was
a
father
and
his
daughter.
The
father
asked
his
daughter
how
much
she
loved
him.
She
said
that
she
loved
him
as
much
as
she
loved
salt.
Her
answer
made
the
father
very
happy.
Salt
is
a
simple
thing,
37
it
is
very
important.
So
the
father
thought
his
daughter
cared
a
lot
about
him.
?
37.A.
or
B.
so
C.
and
D.
but
【思路指导】 设空前表示"盐是一种简单的东西",设空后表示"它很重要";根据设空前后的内容可知设空处表转折,故but符合文意。
依常识,定答案
方法
4
完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇,它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,但解答完形填空题时,有时仅靠文章中提供的信息还不够,还需要考生依靠生活常识以及英语国家的文化背景知识等方面的信息来考虑,先找出并理解文章的主题和主线,再根据主题猜测细节,注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、确定答案。
依常识,定答案
方法
4
【典例7】 [2019河北节选]
One
day
in
fourth
grade,
our
37
gave
us
a
project
in
class.
?
37.A.
parent
B.
teacher
C.
inventor
D.
engineer
【思路指导】 根据设空前的"in
fourth
grade"和设空后的"in
class"以及常识可知,我们的"老师"让我们做一个项目,故所缺的词是teacher。
依常识,定答案
方法
4
【典例8】 [2020安徽A篇节选]
Many
years
later,
I
had
a
chance
to
work
in
Asia.
I
chose
China
mainly
because
I
learned
Chinese
when
I
was
young.However,
I
still
wondered
if
I
could
36
street
signs,
buy
food
and
talk
to
people
there.?
36.A.
read
B.
touch
C.
afford
D.
move
【思路指导】 结合四个选项和常识可知,此处是说,作者想知道自己是否能看懂路标、买食物、和当地人交谈。故选A。
据搭配,知答案
方法
5
在完形填空中,也有考查固定搭配的题目,该类试题在完形填空题中所占比重较小。在解题时,可以通过分析句子结构,进行推理和判断,从而选出最佳选项。
据搭配,知答案
方法
5
【典例9】 [2020陕西节选]
If
you
were
ninety
years
old,
what
would
you
plan
to
do?Few
people
want
to
have
new
challenges(挑战)
21
that
age.
However,
an
old
man
named
Jing
Kui
did
something
that
surprised
a
lot
of
people.?
21.A.
from
B.
of
C.
at
D.
on
【思路指导】 at...age意为"在……年纪",为固定搭配。
据搭配,知答案
方法
5
【典例10】 [2020咸宁节选]
Piao
Wenyao(朴文垚)fell
in
love
with
the
game
of
go(围棋)when
he
started
to
play
it
at
the
age
of
5.
39
that
time,
he
knew
he
would
be
a
go
player
for
life.
He
kept
practicing
hard
for
many
years.?
39.A.
In
B.
At
C.
On
D.
For
【思路指导】 at
that
time是固定搭配,意为"在那时,当时",故所缺的词是At。
据搭配,知答案
方法
5
【高分指南】
1.完形填空所选的文章通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句一般不设空。考生要
特别注意首句和尾句,因为它们通常是文章的主题句,对理解全文有较大帮助。
2.快速浏览一遍带有空缺单词的文章可能无法把握文章大意,这时考生应注意克
服急躁心理,稳定情绪,再将文章读一至两遍,直到明确大意为止。
3.做题时切勿看到一个空格就急于作出选择,这样往往只见树木不见森林。因为
完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空,其空白处位于一篇文章之中,必须纵观
全文,通篇考虑。
据搭配,知答案
方法
5
【高分指南】
4.完形填空所设的空以实词为主,所提供的四个选项中只有一项是正确的,其他
均为干扰项,而干扰项也大多可以与前后的句子或词语形成某种搭配,考生应
注意从语篇意义上把握词语的选择。
5.考生若遇到难题,实在无法确定答案,可以从文中的相同结构或类似结构中寻
找提示,大胆猜测。
6."熟词生义"的情况有时候也会碰到,要注意灵活处理,通过前后文的逻辑关系猜
测其引申义。(共13张PPT)
题型三
任务型阅读
第三部分 重难题型过关
完成句子
类型1
此类试题主要考查考生对语篇细节的理解能力。题干设置多贴合原文,要求考生根据所给阅读材料补全句子。
考生首先要找出题干中的关键信息,根据关键信息定位到文中相对应的句子,然后将该句与题干一一对应,找出题干空缺处所对应的内容并将其补上。答题时要注意题干的句子结构,从语法形式和意义上确保答案正确。
完成句子
类型1
【典例1】 [2020河北节选]
Remember
books?
The
paper
kind,
with
pages.
In
the
old
days
before
computers,
to
get
information,
people
read
books
and
newspapers.
Students
spent
hours
and
hours
in
the
library,
looking
for
information
in
the
old
books
for
homework.Now
students
can
find
anything
on
the
Internet
in
seconds.
The
library
was
a
place
where
everyone
was
quiet.
Sing
along
to
music?
Never!
Watch
a
movie
on
the
phone
while
they
are
reading?
Impossible!
But
now
students
can
watch
videos
about
their
research
topic
as
they
write
a
paper.
...
完成句子
类型1
66.In
the
old
days
before
computers,
people
to
get
information.?
【思路指导】 根据题干中的关键信息"In
the
old
days
before
computers"可定位到文中的"In
the
old
days
before
computers,
to
get
information,
people
read
books
and
newspapers",由此可将题干信息与原文信息一一对应,确定所缺的内容是"read
books
and
newspapers"。
回答问题
类型2
此类试题要求考生用简洁的语言对所提问题进行回答(可用完整的句式,也可用简答形式),考生需要有扎实的语言基础和较强的综合语言运用能力。
做此类试题时,首先要浏览一下问题,然后带着问题通读原文,根据题干中的关键信息在原文中找出与问题相关的段落或语句。用这种方法可以节省阅读时间,从而使考生有充足的时间进行核查。
回答问题
类型2
【典例2】
[2020河北节选]
...
Before
computers,
articles
were
handwritten.If
a
student
made
a
mistake,
he
would
throw
the
paper
away
and
start
writing
all
over
again.Now?
If
a
student
makes
a
mistake,
he
can
just
remove
or
cut
it.
Students
type
on
their
computers
and
edit
(编辑)
freely.
But
they
should
save
their
writing
in
time
on
the
computer
because
it
may
stop
working
suddenly.Who
wants
to
lose
his
hard
work
forever?
...
回答问题
类型2
67.How
can
a
student
correct
his
mistake
while
writing
on
the
computer?
____________________________________________________________
【思路指导】 根据题干中的关键信息"correct
his
mistake"可在文章中找到相关的语句"Now?
If
a
student
makes
a
mistake,
he
can
just
remove
or
cut
it",
由此可知,学生在电脑上写东西时如果写错了,可以将其删掉或剪切掉。故答案为"He
can
just
remove
or
cut
it./Just
remove
or
cut
it./Remove
or
cut
it."。
找出文章或段落的主题句
类型3
此类试题考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力。主要考查方式为找出并写下全文或某一段落的主题句。
英语阅读文本多为总分或总分总结构,各语段多为总分结构。所以若考查的是文章主旨,那么考生应关注文章第一段或最后一段,若考查的是段落主旨,则要关注该段的首句。
找出文章或段落的主题句
类型3
【典例3】 [2020河北节选]
...
Technology
helps
us
get
important
information
in
no
time.In
areas
where
bad
weather
is
a
problem,
we
can
get
warnings
from
our
phone.
Our
local
radio
or
TV
station
can
give
information
about
where
to
get
help
or
what
to
do
to
keep
our
family
and
home
safe.
...
找出文章或段落的主题句
类型3
69题找出并写下第四段的主题句。
———————————————————————————————
【思路指导】 通读本段可知本段举例说明了科技能够帮助我们快速获取信息,因此本段的首句为主题句。
翻译句子(英译汉)
类型4
此类试题难度较大,灵活性强,要求考生根据对文章的理解,将文中画线句子译成汉语,主要考查考生的阅读能力和综合语言运用能力。
解答此类试题时,考生要注意以下几点:
1.根据上下文翻译句子,切勿断章取义;
2.翻译时要遵循汉语语言习惯,不要逐字死译;
3.注意文化差异;
4.注意习语、谚语的翻译。
翻译句子(英译汉)
类型4
【典例4】 [2020河北节选]
...
Communication
online
is
easy
and
fun.
While
students
are
writing,they
can
discuss
with
friends
in
another
window.
Did
you
think
they
were
chatting
(聊天)with
someone
in
the
real
same
room?
No!
They're
chatting
with
everyone
in
their
own
room.?
...
翻译句子(英译汉)
类型4
70题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
___________________________________________________________
【思路指导】 画线句中的While引导时间状语从句,discuss
with
sb.意为"和某人聊天"。结合画线句前的"Communication
online"可知,画线句中的"window"指的是计算机屏幕的窗口,而非日常生活中建筑物上的窗户。故画线句可译为"学生们在写东西时,(他们)可以在另一个窗口与朋友们讨论"。(共47张PPT)
题型二
阅读理解
第三部分 重难题型过关
细节理解题
类型1
细节理解题在阅读理解中占的比例较大。该题型主要针对原文中的具体信息发问,考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、某个事实或个别词句的理解。细节理解题命题形式多样,考查内容涉及多个角度。
方法一 直接搜寻答案
这类试题的答案几乎可以在原文中直接找到,不需要考生对事实作出解释或者判断,只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息即可(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。这类题比较简单,通常是原文再现:(1)题干中的关键信息点在文章中有直接具体的体现;(2)选项中的关键信息点在文中有直接具体的体现。
细节理解题
类型1
【典例1】 [2020河北阅读A篇节选]
In
class,
students
are
sharing
their
dream
jobs.
Jacob:
I'd
like
to
be
a
mountain-climbing
guide
for
several
reasons.Number
one,
mountain
climbing
is
very
exciting.
Mountain-climbing
guides
get
to
climb
tall,
dangerous
mountains,
right?
Number
two,
I
enjoy
working
outdoors
and
helping
others.
Number
three,
mountain-climbing
guides
travel
widely
and
meet
many
fun
people.
...
细节理解题
类型1
51.Jacob's
dream
job
is
to
be
.?
A.
a
vet
B.
an
animator
C.
an
accountant
D.
a
mountain-climbing
guide
【思路指导】 根据题干中的"Jacob's
dream
job"可定位到文章第二段中的"Jacob:
I'd
like
to
be
a
mountain-climbing
guide",由此可知答案为D。
细节理解题
类型1
方法二 间接搜寻答案
为了更好地考查考生的综合思维能力,命题人往往会对具体信息进行处理,增加细节理解题的难度,这就需要考生综合多处信息进行理解。解答这类间接细节理解题时,虽然各细节信息在文章中都能找到,但需要考生具备一定的概括能力。一个细节理解题涉及一段或者几段的内容,考生需要进行概括后才能作答。
细节理解题
类型1
【典例2】
[2018河北阅读B篇节选]
...
When
he
came
back,
his
father
gave
him
two
bright,
new
silver
dollars.
His
face
lighted
up
as
he
took
them.
He
had
wished
for
a
long
time
to
buy
some
pretty
books
that
he
had
seen
at
the
bookstore.
He
left
the
house
with
a
light
heart,
expecting
to
buy
the
books.
As
he
ran
down
the
street,
he
saw
a
poor
family.
"I
wish
you
a
Happy
New
Year,"
said
Edward,
as
he
was
passing
on.
The
man
shook
his
head.
细节理解题
类型1
"You
are
not
from
this
country?"
said
Edward.
The
man
again
shook
his
head,
for
he
could
not
understand
or
speak
his
language.
But
he
pointed
to
his
mouth,
and
to
the
children
shaking
with
cold,
as
if
to
say,
"These
little
ones
have
had
nothing
to
eat
for
a
long
time."
Edward
quickly
understood
that
these
poor
people
were
in
trouble.
He
took
out
his
dollars,
and
gave
one
to
the
man,
and
the
other
to
his
wife.
...
细节理解题
类型1
50.
How
much
did
Edward
give
the
poor
family?
A.One
dollar.
B.Two
dollars.
C.Three
dollars.
D.Four
dollars.
【思路指导】 问题问的是爱德华给了那个贫困的家庭多少钱,根据文中的"When
he
came
back,
his
father
gave
him
two
bright,
new
silver
dollars"和"He
took
out
his
dollars,
and
gave
one
to
the
man,
and
the
other
to
his
wife"可知,爱德华把父亲给他的两美元都给了那个贫困的家庭,故选B。
推理判断题
类型2
推理判断题在近几年阅读理解中的考查频率仅次于细节理解题,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,
运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,考生需要分析、提炼和归纳文章提供的信息,然后才能找到正确的答案。
推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章来源或者读者对象;推断作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。
推理判断题
类型2
方法一 细节推断题的做题方法
细节推断题要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。考生可遵循以下解题方法:(1)先跳读,找到相关信息点;(2)接着细读,理解相关信息点的字面意思;(3)再分析推理,在理解字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,理解作者的言外之意,切勿把文章中非关键的细节内容作为推理的依据;(4)最后结合选项,找到与文章信息点所表达的意思相近的选项。
考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系,理解文章的真正含义,才能作出准确的推断。
推理判断题
类型2
【典例3】
[2020河北阅读B篇节选]
...
Miss
Mills
said,"Dan
did
win!
His
next
step
is
to
rap
on
National
Rap
Star
on
TV.We
can
all
give
Dan
a
big
hand."
The
class
clapped
and
cheered
for
Dan.Miss
Mills
smiled.
Miss
Mills
and
his
classmates
were
excited,
but
Dan
threw
himself
onto
his
chair,
silent.
Dan
could
not
rap
on
TV.
In
class,
Dan
could
not
do
his
physics.
He
could
not
think.
Dan
was
not
a
kid
who
got
nervous
a
lot,
but
he
did
not
wish
to
rap
on
TV.Could
he
be
lucky
again?Anyway,who
wanted
to
lose?
Dan
thought
perhaps
he
would
not
attend
the
national
competition.Then
he
would
not
have
to
rap
on
TV.
...
推理判断题
类型2
55.Why
didn't
Dan
want
to
rap
on
TV?
A.
He
got
nervous
a
lot.
B.
He
was
afraid
to
lose.
C.
He
had
to
improve
his
physics.
D.
He
planned
to
cheer
for
others.
【思路指导】 根据文中的"Dan
was
not
a
kid
who
got
nervous
a
lot,
but
he
did
not
wish
to
rap
on
TV.
Could
he
be
lucky
again?
Anyway,
who
wanted
to
lose"可推知,丹不想参加全国赛在电视上说唱,是因为他怕输了比赛,故选B。
推理判断题
类型2
方法二 文章来源或读者对象推断题的做题方法
文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。推断文章出处是英语阅读理解中一个比较常见的考点,常用的技巧有:
推理判断题
类型2
1.根据文章的主要内容进行判断,如:介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告;介绍科学知识的文章可能选自科学杂志;介绍新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上有关科技的版块;介绍某处名胜或景点的文章可能出自旅游杂志等。
2.根据文章的关键信息进行判断,如:含有网址的文章可能出自网站;含有experiment,
research等词的文章可能来自科学报告;含有admission,
cost,
opening
hours等词或短语的文章可能来自旅行指南;含有food,
health等词的文章可能来自杂志或报纸的健康版块。
推理判断题
类型2
【典例4】 [2016河北阅读B篇节选]
Welcome
to
the
Art
Museum!
You've
just
stepped
into
one
of
the
world's
greatest
collections
of
art,
covering
centuries
of
human
creativity
from
around
the
world.
With
thousands
of
works
on
show,
you
may
wonder
how
to
start
your
visit,
but
we
are
here
to
help.
On
the
back
of
this
Visitor
Guide,
you'll
find
directions
to
some
must-see
works
in
our
collections
—
the
"don't
miss"
list
for
the
Art
Museum.
It's
a
great
choice
to
start
if
you
are
new
to
the
museum.
The
following
pages
include
a
clear
floor
plan
of
the
museum
and
its
collections.
But
because
we
have
several
buildings,
the
overlook
(鸟瞰图)
below
might
be
helpful.
推理判断题
类型2
Enjoy
your
visit
and
feel
free
to
ask
for
help
and
directions
at
any
point
during
your
stay.
推理判断题
类型2
56.The
passage
is
a
page
from
.?
A.
a
tour
map
B.
a
newspaper
C.
a
visitor
guide
D.
a
picture
book
【思路指导】 通读文章,特别是第一段中的"On
the
back
of
this
Visitor
Guide"可推知本文来自一家艺术博物馆的旅游指南。
推理判断题
类型2
方法三 态度倾向推断题和评述性推断题的做题方法
态度倾向推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人或某物所持的观点或态度,它要求考生具备在正确理解文意的基础上,对观点或态度倾向进行分析、判断的能力。
评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价,此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。这些观点态度或评价通常隐藏在对人物的描写中,或者隐藏在作者对文中事物进行描述时所用的特殊词汇或句子中。
推理判断题
类型2
解答此类题目时应注意:
1.要区分开作者的态度和作者阐述的他人的态度;
2.切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点;
3.要特别留意描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。
推理判断题
类型2
【典例5】 [2019河北阅读B篇节选]
Tony,
a
nine-year-old
kid,
is
sitting
at
his
desk
when
suddenly
he
wets(尿湿)
his
pants.
He
thinks
his
heart
is
going
to
stop
because
he
cannot
possibly
know
how
this
has
happened.
It
has
never
happened
before.
He
knows
the
after-effects
(后果)
—
When
the
boys
find
out,
he
will
never
hear
the
end
of
it.
When
the
girls
find
out,
they'll
never
speak
to
him
again
as
long
as
he
lives.
...
推理判断题
类型2
As
the
teacher
is
walking
to
him,
a
classmate
named
Emily
is
carrying
a
glass
that
is
full
of
water.
Emily
falls
down
in
front
of
the
teacher
and
drops
the
glass
of
water
in
Tony's
pants.
Tony
seems
to
be
angry,
but
all
the
while
he
is
saying
to
himself,
"Thank
you,
dear!
Thank
you,
dear!"
Now
all
of
a
sudden,
instead
of
being
the
person
that
everyone
laughs
at,
Tony
is
the
person
of
sympathy
(同情).
The
person
that
everyone
laughs
at
should
be
him,
but
now
it
is
Emily.
She
tries
to
help,
but
they
tell
her,
"You've
done
enough,
you
stupid!"
推理判断题
类型2
At
the
end
of
the
day,
as
they
are
waiting
for
the
bus,
Tony
walks
over
to
Emily
and
says
in
a
low
voice,
"You
did
that
on
purpose,
didn't
you?"
Emily
says
back
in
a
quiet
voice,
"I
wet
my
pants
once,too."
51.
We
know
that
Emily
is
a
girl
from
the
passage.?
A.
careless
and
lazy
B.
quiet
and
bright
C.
stupid
and
helpless
D.
kind
and
smart
【思路指导】 根据文中的"Emily
says
back
in
a
quiet
voice,
‘I
wet
my
pants
once,
too.'"可知埃米莉因为自己曾经也有相同的经历而机智地帮助托尼摆脱了尴尬的处境,由此可推知埃米莉是个善良、聪明的女孩。故选D。
推理判断题
类型2
方法四 预测推断题的做题方法
有些内容文章中没有明确提到,这就要求考生根据语篇内容,对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。做这类题时考生应把握作者的写作思路,从而作出准确的、合情合理的预测。
推理判断题
类型2
【典例6】 [2020河北阅读B篇节选]
...
Dan's
friends
sensed
something
was
going
on
his
mind.They
planned
to
give
him
some
help.
When
Dan
got
to
class
the
next
day,
he
saw
a
sign
on
the
wall.
It
said,
"Dan,
just
rap
like
in
our
classroom!"
Dan
smiled."Perhaps
it's
not
that
hard
to
rap
on
TV,"
he
thought.
推理判断题
类型2
56.What
do
you
think
happened
later
according
to
the
story?
A.
Dan
hated
his
friends
for
their
push.
B.
Dan
forgot
what
he
should
rap
on
TV.
C.
Dan
attended
the
national
competition.
D.
Dan
stopped
rapping
after
the
competition.
【思路指导】 根据文中丹所想的"Perhaps
it's
not
that
hard
to
rap
on
TV"可推测,丹在同学们的帮助和鼓励下打消了顾虑,最终参加了全国赛。故答案为C。
主旨大意题
类型3
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,以及加工与概括信息的能力。题干中往往出现下列词语:topic,title,main
idea,mainly
tell
us,mainly
about等。
主旨大意题的考查方向:
1.概括整篇文章的中心思想(mainly
about);
2.选择最佳标题(best
title);
3.分析归纳文章某部分的段落大意。
主旨大意题
类型3
方法一 精确归纳标题的方法
1.要想正确解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面
广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随意改变文章的内容及要点信息。
2.选定标题的基本原则
(1)要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切
的联系。
(2)看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。
注意避免出现概括
不够、过度概括、以具体细节代替主旨大意等错误。
主旨大意题
类型3
3.选定标题的四大标准
精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。
准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。
统——标题要能统领全文信息。
新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
主旨大意题
类型3
【典例7】 [2020河北阅读D篇节选]
Everyone
needs
help
sometimes.
People
depend
on
one
another.That's
why
communities
have
special
people
ready
to
lend
a
helping
hand
to
anyone
who
needs
it.
For
example,
what
would
we
do
without
a
community
fire
station?
If
a
home
catches
on
fire,
as
the
Jackson's
place
did
last
week,
it
might
be
burned
down
and
people
get
hurt...or
worse.
We're
so
lucky
to
have
firemen
to
come
to
save
people
and
put
out
the
fire,
safely.If
the
firemen
hadn't
come
so
fast,
the
Jacksons
might
have
lost
everything.
主旨大意题
类型3
And
what
about
our
local
police
who
protect
our
families,
our
homes
and
valuable
things?
The
police
have
helped
so
many
families
this
past
year,
especially
saving
people
and
pets
and
protecting
our
houses
and
other
things
after
the
heavy
rains.
...
Think
again
about
what
we
eat
every
day;
think
again
about
what
we
wear
every
day.We
cannot
produce
them,
but
we
use
them
all
the
time.We
get
a
lot
from
all
these
tireless
workers
who
keep
our
community
running.We
need
these
people
in
the
community.We
depend
on
each
other.Let's
support
each
other
and
help
each
other.Only
in
this
way
can
we
make
our
community
a
better
place.
主旨大意题
类型3
65.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Policemen
Save
People's
Lives
B.
People
Depend
on
Each
Other
C.
Service
Workers
Do
Important
Jobs
D.
Workers
Keep
Community
Running
【思路指导】 通读文章可知本文作者通过具体实例告诉我们人与人之间是相互依赖的,同时,作者呼吁大家要相互支持,相互帮助。文章开篇中的"People
depend
on
one
another"和结尾处的"We
depend
on
each
other"均明确指出了文章的主旨,故B项最适合作本文的标题。
主旨大意题
类型3
方法二 概括文章大意的方法
每篇文章都有一个中心思想,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁、概括性强等特点,起着统领全文的作用,文中的所有事实、细节都是为主题句服务的。主题句常出现在文章的首段或尾段。因此,我们要特别注意文章的首段和尾段。有的文章没有主题句,中心思想隐含在文章中,比如故事类题材的文章,这需要我们对文章的细节进行分析、归纳和总结,从而得到文章大意。
主旨大意题
类型3
【典例8】 [2018河北阅读D篇节选]
"Volunteering
makes
you
look
at
the
world
differently.
You
see
how
little
things
can
change
a
person's
life
for
the
better,
which
makes
everyone
a
better
person,"
Mason,
a
volunteer
said.
National
Volunteer
Week
started
in
1974
and
is
held
every
April.
It
is
a
time
to
thank
volunteers
for
their
achievements.
It
is
also
a
perfect
opportunity(机会)
to
encourage
others
to
take
their
first
step
toward
becoming
a
volunteer.
Making
the
decision
to
take
the
first
step
can
be
the
biggest
problem,
because
they
often
wonder
if
they
will
be
able
to
meet
the
organization's
expectations(期望).
Some
people
fear
not
knowing
anyone
else
in
the
group.
Not
having
enough
time
also
prevents
some
from
sharing
their
abilities.
主旨大意题
类型3
The
following
tips
can
help
if
you
have
some
of
these
worries:
★
Start
out
slowly,
and
don't
add
too
much
pressure.
Even
a
few
hours
a
month
can
make
a
big
difference
in
someone's
life.
...
★
Finally,
it
is
most
important
to
enjoy
the
volunteer
experience
and
to
remember
that
not
all
volunteer
experiences
are
perfect.
If
one
experience
doesn't
work,
don't
give
up
and
you'll
surely
find
the
right
opportunity.
Spend
some
time
on
volunteer
work
and
you
will
see
great
changes
in
people's
lives.
As
Mason
discovered
during
his
volunteer
experience,
"…little
things
can
change
a
person's
life".
主旨大意题
类型3
60.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A.To
tell
people
to
make
changes
in
their
lives.
B.To
encourage
people
to
start
their
volunteering.
C.How
to
make
great
achievements
in
volunteering.
D.How
to
keep
on
volunteering
whatever
happened.
【思路指导】 通读文章,特别是最后一段中的"Spend
some
time
on
volunteer
work
and
you
will
see
great
changes
in
people's
lives"可知,文章旨在鼓励人们参加志愿者活动,故B项符合题意。
词义猜测题
类型4
词义猜测题是考查考生英语语言能力和思维品质的一个重要形式,考查的单词或短语一般都超出了课标词汇表的范围,考生需要准确理解文章并掌握根据上下文猜测生词或短语意思的技巧。一般常见的解题方法有以下几种:
方法一 通过上下文猜测词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及篇章有联系,考生可利用上下文提供的线索合理地分析,猜测词义。
词义猜测题
类型4
【典例9】 [2020河北阅读D篇节选]
...
Think
about
all
the
other
service
workers
we
have
in
this
community.We
have
people
who
collect
waste
and
rubbish
and
keep
our
community
sanitary.We
have
road
workers
who
put
up
and
repair
traffic
signs
and
fix
holes
in
the
streets
to
protect
not
just
us,
but
our
cars!
And
where
would
this
community
be
without
the
teachers
in
our
school
and
the
doctors,
and
nurses
in
our
community
hospitals?
...
词义猜测题
类型4
63.What
does
the
underlined
word
"sanitary"
mean?
A.
Clean.
B.
Safe.
C.
Quiet.
D.
Busy.
【思路指导】 根据画线词前的"We
have
people
who
collect
waste
and
rubbish"可知社区里有人收集废弃物和垃圾,由此可推知他们使我们的社区变得很干净,故A项符合题意。
词义猜测题
类型4
方法二 通过构词法猜测词义
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成而来的新词,考生可以根据构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。
词义猜测题
类型4
【典例10】 [2020株洲节选]
...
If
you
come
to
an
American's
home,
you'd
better
let
the
hosts
know
ahead
of
time
unless
you're
very
close
friends,
especially
when
you
want
to
stay
for
a
few
days.
Here's
a
good
rule
for
guests:
short
stays
are
best.
Even
relatives,
for
example,
their
aunts,
uncles
or
cousins,
don't
usually
stay
for
several
weeks
every
time.
While
you're
staying
with
an
American
family,
try
to
keep
your
living
area
clean
and
tidy.
Your
host
family
will
thank
you
for
your
consideration.
And
they
may
even
invite
you
back!
...
词义猜测题
类型4
54.The
underlined
word
"consideration"
in
the
fourth
paragraph
means
" "
in
Chinese.?
A.
体贴
B.
大方
C.
聪明
【思路指导】 consider有"仔细考虑;体谅"之意,此处consideration为其名词形式,再根据画线词前的"当你和一个美国家庭待在一起时,尽量保持你居住的区域干净整洁"可推知,他们会感谢你的"体贴",故答案为A。
词义猜测题
类型4
方法三 通过同义词、反义词猜测词义
在所给的上下文中,有时会出现与生词同义或反义的词语,这时可根据熟悉的词语的含义推知生词的含义。
词义猜测题
类型4
【典例11】 [2020天津节选]
...
When
you
grow
your
own
fruits
and
vegetables,
you
help
cut
down
on
pollution
because
big
trucks
don't
need
to
take
your
food
to
shops.You
also
help
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
because
you
don't
need
to
use
bags
for
packing
your
food.You
can
just
pick
it
out
of
the
ground
or
off
a
plant
and
put
it
into
a
basket!?
...
词义猜测题
类型4
58.What
does
the
phrase
"cut
down
on"
mean
in
Paragraph
5?
A.
Cause.
B.
Accept.
C.
Reduce.
D.
Expect.
【思路指导】 根据画线词后的"because
big
trucks
don't
need
to
take
your
food
to
shops"以及"You
also
help
reduce"可推知,cut
down
on和reduce同义,此处是说因为大卡车不必把你的食物送到商店里了,你就帮助"减少"了污染。故答案为C。
词义猜测题
类型4
方法四 通过定义、解释或举例猜测词义
生词后往往有that
is
to
say,
that
means,
stand
for,
in
other
words等信息。有时such
as,
like,
for
example等后面的内容也可帮助考生猜测生词的意思。
词义猜测题
类型4
【典例12】
[2020哈尔滨节选]
...
Mona
Island
is
very
small.The
government
of
Puerto
Rico(波多黎各)
takes
care
of
the
island
and
has
made
it
a
natural
reserve.That
means
the
island's
animals
and
plants
are
protected
from
being
harmed
by
people.Mona
Island
is
different
from
most
places
because
people
are
not
allowed
to
live
there.Only
a
few
park
workers
are
able
to
stay.
...
词义猜测题
类型4
41.The
underlined
word
"reserve"
in
the
passage
means
" "
in
Chinese.?
A.
休息区
B.
保护区
C.
风景区
【思路指导】 根据画线词后的"That
means
the
island's
animals
and
plants
are
protected
from
being
harmed
by
people"可知,波多黎各政府已经把莫纳岛变成了一个自然"保护区",故答案为B。(共24张PPT)
题型五
书面表达
第三部分 重难题型过关
解题步骤
方法帮
1.审题
这是最关键的一步。考生要做好"三个确定":确定时态、确定人称、
确定写作要点。
2.列纲
考生在这一环节要构思写作框架。常见作文框架:
第一段：引出主题并阐述
第二段：根据要点发挥并作出总结
首段：引出主题
中间段：围绕主题，展开叙述
尾段：总结升华
两段式
三段式
解题步骤
方法帮
3.成篇
考生要根据一定的逻辑顺序和要点,在提纲的基础上选用词汇、
短语,在写句子时,尽可能地变换句式和结构,使用合适的过渡词,
使句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧密。
解题步骤
方法帮
4.修改润色
★修改:主要针对写作疏忽所致的错误,包括对用词错误、语法错误、句法错
误进行纠正。
①用词错误涉及单词拼写错误、搭配错误、词性误用等。
②语法错误涉及主谓不一致、名词单复数错用、时态和语态误用等。
③句法错误涉及there
be句型出现双谓语、主从复合句只出现从句而无主句、
并列句无连词而直接用逗号隔开等。
★润色:对文章进行更高层次的美化,包括增强行文连贯性,使行文紧凑、逻
辑清晰等。
解题步骤
方法帮
5.规范抄写
保持卷面干净、清晰悦目,尽量不做涂改。在平时的训练中要
坚持做到书写工整、卷面整洁,养成良好的书写习惯。
高分突破
方法帮
方法一 巧用高级词汇
词汇是构成作文的基本单位,高级词汇的运用会大大提升文章的档次。要做到准确使用高级词汇,考生可以从以下几点入手:
1.用短语替代单词
在单词和短语表示同一个意思时,优先使用短语。如:
(1)Besides,
the
school
can
set
up
some
clubs,
such
as
cooking
club
and
paper-
cutting
club.
(Besides→What's
more)
(2)As
far
as
I'm
concerned,
it
is
important
to
stay
calm
and
reasonable
when
our
parents
and
teachers
blame
or
criticize
us.(important→of
great
importance)
高分突破
方法帮
2.使用多样的表达
在写作时尽量避免重复使用相同的词汇。如:
What's
more,
I
like
friendly
teachers.
I
hope
they
can
be
more
friendly
to
us.(like
friendly→don't
like
serious)
3.用高级词汇替代简单词汇
在写作时尽量多用高年级学到的词汇来代替低年级学到的词汇。如:
(1)I'm
happy
to
know
that
you're
interested
in
Chinese
medicine.
(happy→pleased)
(2)And
it's
also
my
grandma
who
teaches
me
to
be
a
good
person
and
a
hard-
working
one.
(and→as
well
as)
高分突破
方法帮
写作必备高级词汇
类型1 名词、形容词和副词
1.老人
old
people→the
elderly
2.想法
idea→opinion
3.很多作业
much
homework→endless
homework
4.有空的
free→available
5.诚实的
honest→truthful
6.糟糕的
bad→terrible/awful
高分突破
方法帮
7.高兴的
happy→pleased,
cheerful
8.重要的
important→of
great
importance
9.终于
finally→in
the
end,
at
last
10.突然
suddenly→all
of
a
sudden
类型2 动词及动词短语
1.希望hope→expect
2.完成
finish→complete
3.参观
visit→pay
a
visit
to
4.遇见
meet→come
across
高分突破
方法帮
5.导致cause→lead
to/result
in
6.告诉我
tell
me→let
me
know
7.应该
should→be
supposed
to
8.记住
remember→keep
in
mind
9.不能
be
unable
to
do→fail
to
do
10.意识到
know→come
to
realize
11.更喜欢……
like...better→prefer
12.重要
be
important→matter,
count
13.帮助某人
help
sb.→give/lend
sb.
a
hand
高分突破
方法帮
14.使用
use→make
use
of/take
advantage
of
15.喜欢
like→be
interested
in/be
crazy
about
16.不喜欢
don't
like→dislike/don't
care
for
17.幸福地生活
live
happily→live/lead
a
happy
life
18.决定做
decide
to
do→make
up
one's
mind
to
do
19.向某人求助
ask
sb.
for
help→turn
to
sb.
20.想到一个好主意
have
a
good
idea→come
up
with
a
good
idea
高分突破
方法帮
类型3 过渡词及其他
1.为了
to→in
order
to
2.另外
besides→what's
more
3.首先
first(ly)→to
start/begin
with
4.也,和
and→as
well
as,
along
with,
not
only...but
also...
5.越来越……
more
and
more→an
increasing
number
of
高分突破
方法帮
方法二 活用过渡词汇
1.表示并列关系的过渡词
and;
as
well
as;
both...and...;
either...or...;
neither...nor...;not
only...but
also...等。
At
dinner
they
receive
not
only
best
wishes
but
also
lucky
money
from
their
parents.
[2020温州]
高分突破
方法帮
2.表示转折关系的过渡词
but;
however;
yet;
instead等。
However,
spending
too
much
time
online
is
bad
for
our
eyesight.[2020南充]
3.表示递进关系的过渡词
what's
more;
besides;
what's
worse;
even;
in
addition;
on
the
one
hand...,
on
the
other
hand...等。
In
addition,
I
think
it's
our
duty
to
do
some
housework
at
home.[2020德州]
高分突破
方法帮
4.表示让步关系的过渡词
although;
though;
after
all;
even
though;
even
if等。
Although
he
became
a
disabled
person,
he
didn't
lose
heart.[2020上海]
5.表示因果关系的过渡词
as;
since;
for;
because;
because
of;
so;
as
a
result
(of);
thanks
to等。
I
admire
him
because
of
his
strong
will
and
his
talent
for
music.[2020上海]
高分突破
方法帮
6.表示顺序的过渡词
first(ly);
first
of
all;
to
begin/start
with;
second(ly);
next;
then;
after
that;
since
then;
ever
since;
finally;
in
the
end;
at
last;
last
but
not
least等。
First
of
all,
the
weekend
is
a
great
time
for
family
to
get
together.[2020海南]
7.表示举例的过渡词
like;
for
example;
such
as;
take...as
an
example;
as
follows;
in
other
words等。
For
example,
we
can
clean
the
desks
and
floor
every
day,
because
a
good
environment
is
helpful
to
our
study
and
health.[2020陕西]
高分突破
方法帮
8.表示个人观点的过渡词
as
far
as
I
know;
as
far
as
I
am
concerned;
in
my
opinion;
to
tell
(you)
the
truth;
to
be
honest;
as
for
me;
personally等。
As
for
me,
I
am
still
used
to
reading
paper
books.
Whenever
I
open
a
paper
book,
the
smell
of
paper
reminds
me
of
the
stories
my
mom
read
me
from
the
books
when
I
was
a
little
kid.
[2019山西]
高分突破
方法帮
9.表示强调的过渡词
certainly;
surely;
truly;
no
doubt;
without
any
doubt等。
No
dream
is
too
big
and
no
dreamer
is
too
small.
As
long
as
we
stay
true
to
our
ideals,
they
will
surely
come
true
one
day.[2020哈尔滨]
10.表示总结的过渡词
in
a
word;
all
in
all;
in
short;
on
the
whole;
in
general等。
All
in
all,
if
we
show
our
love
in
our
daily
life,
we
can
be
anything
we
want.[2020黄冈]
高分突破
方法帮
【典例】 [2020石家庄桥西区质量检测]
古人云"凡事预则立,不预则废"。作为中学生,你有什么样的梦想?将来想从事什么样的工作?我们应从小树立远大的志向,及早规划人生,请以"My
Life
Plan"为题,写一篇关于人生规划的英语文章。
提示:(1)What
do
you
want
to
do
in
the
future?
(2)Why
do
you
want
to
do
the
job?
(3)How
will
you
realize
your
dream?
要求:(1)短文须包括所有提示内容,可适当发挥。
(2)短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
高分突破
方法帮
(3)词数80个左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
参考词汇:meaningful,
good
grades,
college,
come
true
My
Life
Plan
As
we
all
know,
it's
important
for
us
to
have
dreams.
____________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高分突破
方法帮
?命题分析
该篇书面表达要求考生围绕"我的人生规划"写一篇短文。该话题与考生的日常学习、生活息息相关,引导考生独立思考,对自己的人生作出合理的规划,有助于考生树立正确的人生观和价值观。
?思路点拨
1.确定文章体裁和主题:说明文;我的人生规划
2.构思文章结构:首段——我的人生规划是什么及为什么这是我的梦想;
第二段——为了实现梦想,我准备如何做;第三段——表达决心。
高分突破
方法帮
3.细节处理:对题目所给的写作要点进行重组——我的人生规划是什么
→这为什么是我的梦想→为了实现这个梦想,我需要在哪些方面做出
努力→表达自己的决心。这样排列后,要点排列顺畅,逻辑也更清晰。
4.明确文章的人称和时态:人称——第一人称;时态——以一般现在时
为主。
5.遣词造句,呈现要点:Since
I...I
have
a
dream
of...;I
think
the
job...;To
be
a...
I
must/should...;I
will
try
my
best...。(供参考)
高分突破
方法帮
6.修饰润色:借助不同的表达方式(词汇、结构、句型)表情达意。比
如可以使用"it's+adj.+for
sb.+to
do
sth."句型、定语从句、动词不
定式、"as...as"结构、"there
be"句型等。
7.最后,检查文章要点是否齐全,字数是否适当,行文是否连贯等。
高分突破
方法帮
My
Life
Plan
As
we
all
know,
it's
important
for
us
to
have
dreams.
Since
I
was
a
little
child,
I
have
had
a
dream
of
being
a
doctor.
I
think
the
job
is
very
meaningful.
A
doctor
can
not
only
help
his
own
family
members
but
also
help
the
other
patients
who
need
help.
To
be
a
doctor,
I
must
go
to
a
good
college.
So
I
am
going
to
study
hard
and
get
good
grades
in
the
exams.
What's
more,
I
will
be
as
careful
and
patient
as
I
can.
I
know
there
is
a
long
way
to
go.
I
will
try
my
best
to
make
my
dream
come
true.
I
believe
where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
?参考范文(共26张PPT)
题型四
词语运用
第三部分 重难题型过关
盲填
类型1
此类试题不给任何提示信息,要求考生根据句意和上下文填入语法、词义、词形均正确的单词。河北中考的此类试题以考查冠词、连词、介词和副词为主。
答题时考生可先分析句子结构确定要填哪类词,然后根据句意从固定搭配、固定句型、时态形式等方面进行联想,确定具体用哪个词。解题时可注意以下规律:
盲填
类型1
1.不可缺少的冠词
★若设空后为单数可数名词,考虑用冠词;
★若设空后为形容词最高级,考虑用定冠词the;
★若设空后为比较级,且符合"the+比较级...,
the+比较级..."结构,考虑用定
冠词the。
【典例1】 [2020河北,72]
Mum
got
_________
idea.
She
suggested
teaching
me
to
make
dumplings.?
【思路指导】 设空处修饰可数名词单数idea且表泛指,应用不定冠词,
又idea的发音以元音音素开头,由此可确定答案为an。
盲填
类型1
2.固定搭配中的介词
若名词或代词前挖空,而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语,也不作动
词的宾语时,该空很可能填介词。此时要特别注意空处的词与空前或空
后的词构成的固定搭配。
【典例2】 [2019河北,80]
I
always
look
at
the
album
when
I
think
________
David.
I
really
miss
him.?
【思路指导】 根据设空前的think可联想到与think相关的常用短语
think
of和
think
about,再结合上下文可知此处是说,我想起戴维时总
会看看这个相册,由此可知设空处应填of,think
of意为"想起,想到"。
盲填
类型1
3.衔接自然的连词
★若两个或多个单词或短语之间没有连接词,考虑填连词,主要有表示承
接、并列、递进等关系的and和表示选择关系的or等。
【典例3】 [2017河北,78]
My
friends
_________
I
often
go
to
the
Science
Club
together.
??
【思路指导】 分析句子结构可知设空处连接两个并列主语,故用连
词and。
盲填
类型1
★若两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,可考虑填连词。常用的
并列连词有and,
but,
or,
so;
常用的从属连词有when,
while,
since,
until,
if,
because,
as,
though,
although等。
【典例4】 [2020唐山路北区二模改编,79]
When
it
is
full,
don't
try
to
get
inside,
_______
you
may
fall
over.
【思路指导】 分析句子结构可知设空前后均为结构完整的句子,两
句之间没有分号或句号,
可填连词。设空前表示"公共汽车上人满
了就不要试图上车",设空后表示"你可能会跌倒",结合设空前后的内
容可知应填or"否则"。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
此类试题在括号内给出提示词,要求考生结合上下文和语法知识进行填空,侧重考查单词词形的转化。如:基数词变序数词,可数名词单数变复数,形容词变副词,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,动词的时态变化等。因此考生应牢记河北中考词语运用题中词形转化的常考方式。
1.提供动词
当设空处提供动词原形时,设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态或词类
转换。考生需先判断设空处是否作谓语,若作谓语,考虑动词的时态、
语态和单复数形式;若不作谓语,考虑非谓语动词或词类转换。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变第三人称单数
①a/an/one/this/that/the+可数名词单数作主语+动词第三人称单数
②第三人称单数(he,
she,
it)作主语+动词第三人称单数
③不可数名词作主语+动词第三人称单数
④单个人名、地名或称呼作主语+动词第三人称单数
⑤动名词或动词不定式作主语+动词第三人称单数
一般现
在时中
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
【典例5】 [2020石家庄长安区质量检测,75]
The
results
show
that
if
a
person
________(eat)
a
right
breakfast,
he
or
she
will
work
better
than
if
he
or
she
has
no
breakfast.?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语;根据设空
处所在句的时态可知此处应用一般现在时表将来,空处对应的主语
为"a
person",故应用第三人称单数形式,故填eats。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变过去式:用于一般过去时
【典例6】 [2020河北,71]
Mum
and
I
were
just
going
out
when
it
began
to
rain.We
had
to
stay
at
home,
and
I
________
(feel)
quite
bored.
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语;根据设
空前的"We
had
to
"可知设空处应用一般过去时,故填felt。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变现在分词和过去分词
①现在进行时及过去进行时中：am/is/are/was/were+现在分词
②被动语态中：am/is/are/was/were+过去分词
③现在完成时中：have/has+过去分词
【典例7】 [2015河北,76]
Dear
Aunt
Grace
and
Uncle
John,
I
am
________
(write)
to
tell
you
that
I
arrived
home
safely.?
【思路指导】 根据语境和句子结构可知,此处应用现在进行时,
现在进行时的结构为"be+现在分词",故填writing。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
【典例8】 [2020石家庄长安区质量检测,71]
Will
it
matter
if
you
don't
take
your
breakfast?
A
short
time
ago,
a
test
was
________
(give)
in
some
places.?
【思路指导】 设空处所在句的主语是"a
test",根据语境可知,主语
和谓语之间存在被动关系,应用被动语态,根据被动语态的结构
"be+过去分词"可知应填given。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变动名词
①介词+动名词
②一些固定用法中，如：mind
doing
sth.,
enjoy
doing
sth.,
finish
doing
sth.,
practice
doing
sth.等
【典例9】 [2020石家庄长安区质量检测,76]
If
a
student
has
fruit,
eggs,
bread
and
milk
before
________(go)
to
school,
he
will
listen
more
carefully
in
class.?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词,故此处应用
非谓语动词;before在此处作介词,其后应用动名词,故填going。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
【典例10】 [2020唐山路南区二模,77]
She
remembered
________
(hear)
somewhere
about
the
Spring
Festival
cards
that
were
made
by
hand
over
a
hundred
years
ago.
?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词,故此处应用
非谓语动词;结合语境可知此处是说,她记得自己在哪里听说过关于
春节卡片的事。"听说"这一动作已经发生,应用remember
doing
sth.
结构,表示"记得做过某事",故填hearing。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变名词:通常根据其在句中所作的成分来确定
【典例11】
I
want
to
think
about
it
a
bit
longer
before
I
make
a
________
(decide).?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处位于冠词之后,作make的宾语,应填名词,由设空前的a可知应填decision。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变形容词:-ing形式的形容词常修饰物,-ed形式的形容词常修饰人
【典例12】 [2020石家庄藁城区质量检测,74]
The
farmer
was
_______
(please)
with
the
gift,
but
when
he
got
home,
he
did
not
know
where
to
plant
it.
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处位于be动词之后,可填形容词;设空处修饰farmer,故填pleased。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
2.提供名词
当设空处提供名词时,设空处一般考查名词的单复数、名词所有格或
词类转换。
★变所有格
【典例13】 [2020滨州,79]
There's
tea
for
breakfast,
tea
during
break
time,
tea
when
visiting
a
_____
(friend)
house,
tea
to
wake
up,
tea
to
relax...?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处位于冠词之后、名词之前,故设空处修饰名词;结合语境可知此处是说,拜访朋友家时,故填friend's。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变复数
①many/some/several/these/those/few/a
few/all+可数名词复数
②可数名词前无定冠词the或无形容词性物主代词修饰时
③大于1的基数词+可数名词复数
④one
of
(+the+形容词最高级)+可数名词复数
⑤可数名词复数+谓语动词复数
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
【典例14】 [2020河北,75]
"Mixing
is
the
most
important
of
all
the
______
(step),"
she
said.
I
also
made
some
other
preparations
with
her
help.?
【思路指导】 根据设空前的all可知设空处应用可数名词的复数
形式,故填steps。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变形容词:位于名词前时
【典例15】 [2020石家庄新华区质量检测,76]
They
studied
the
sun's
movement
and
also
paid
attention
to
other
______
(nature)
changes
such
as
air
temperature,
water
and
plant
growth.?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处位于名词之前,修饰名词,
可填形容词;结合语境可知此处是说,自然变化,故填natural。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
3.提供代词
①形容词性物主代词+名词
②动词/介词+人称代词宾格
③名词性物主代词
④反身代词
【典例16】 [2020河北,77]
Together
the
three
of
________
(we)
wrapped
(包)the
dumplings.?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处位于介词of之后,应用人
称代词宾格形式,故填us。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
4.提供形容词
★变副词
①修饰动词或形容词
②位于句首作状语
【典例17】 [2020河北,73]
Mum
cut
the
meat
and
cabbages
into
small
pieces
________
(quick).?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,设空处修饰动词cut,应填副词,
故填quickly。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变比较级
①有比较级标志词than,
much,
even等
②在一些句型中，如"the+比较级...，the+比较级..."等
【典例18】 [2018河北,71]
This
morning
I
took
a
bus
to
school.
The
traffic
was
_______
(busy)
than
usual
and
there
were
more
people
on
the
bus.
?
【思路指导】 根据设空后的than
usual可知此处应用形容词的比
较级,故填busier。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
★变名词
【典例19】
There's
a
big
_________
(different)
between
knowing
that
something
is
true
and
being
able
to
prove
it.?
【思路指导】 分析句子成分可知,句子缺少主语,设空处可填名词作主语,根据设空前的There's可知,设空处应填difference。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
5.提供副词
当设空处提供副词时,设空处一般考查副词的比较等级。
【典例20】 [2017河北,77]
On
Friday
afternoon,
our
school
ends
_______
(early)
than
usual.?
【思路指导】 根据设空后的than
usual可知此处应用副词的比较
级,故填earlier。
用所给词的适当形式填空
考点2
6.提供数词
①表示"几"用基数词，表示"第几"用序数词
②形容词性物主代词/the+序数词+名词
③具体数字+概数词(hundred,
thousand)+可数名词复数
【典例21】 [2020河北,80]
That
was
the
______
(one)
time
I
learnt
to
make
dumplings.It
was
enjoyable!?
【思路指导】 结合语境可知此处是说,那是我第一次学包饺子,表示"第一"应用序数词,故填first。
