不定式
1.
That
is
the
only
way
we
can
imagine
____
the
overuse
of
water
in
students’
bathrooms.
A.
reducing?????????????
B.
to
reduce
C.
reduced?????????????
D.
reduce
【答案解析】
B
【详解】句意：这是唯一一个我们能想到的减少学生宿舍过渡用水的方法。we
can
imagine做的是the
only
way的定语，去掉之后就变成了That
is
the
only
way
____the
overuse
of
water
in
student’s
bathrooms.由此可知后面的选项部分做了the
only
way定语，解释抽象名词应用to
do的形式，故答案为B。
2.
Meyer
and
his
team
were
the
first
people
___________
how
the
disease
spreads
from
animals
to
human.
A.
showing?????????????
B.
show
C.
to
show?????????????
D.
shown
【答案解析】
C
【详解】句意：Meyer和他的团队第一个证明了这种疾病是如何由动物传播给人类的。the
first后面用不等式作后置定语，不等式作定语时，通常与被修饰名词构成主动或被动关系，本题表示主动，故选C。
3.
_______
the
coming
talent
competition,
he
has
spent
all
his
free
time
making
preparation.
A.
Win?????????????
B.
Winning?????????????
C.
Having
won?????????????
D.
To
win
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赢得即将到来的才艺比赛，他把所有的空闲时间都花在了准备上。分析句子结构可知win在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句中作目的状语应用不定式To
win。故选D。
4.
He
claimed
_______
in
the
supermarket
when
he
was
doing
shopping
yesterday.
A.
being
badly
treated?????????????
B.
to
be
treated
badly
C.
treating
badly?????????????
D.
to
have
been
treated
badly
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他声称他昨天购物时在超市受到了恶劣地对待。此处是短语claim
to
have
done
sth.“声称做过某事”，又逻辑主语he和treat之间是被动关系，故应用to
have
done的被动式to
have
been
done，故选D项。
5.
The
young
lady
prefers
dressing
up
for
a
party
to_______by
others.
A.
be
noticed?????????????
B.
being
noticed
C.
having
been
noticed?????????????
D.
have
been
noticed
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了被其他人注意到，这些年轻女孩喜欢盛装出席聚会。根据句意可知，此处是被动，本句中不定式to
be
noticed
by
others做目的状语。故选A
6.
It
is
easy
________
the
consequences
of
unchecked
plant
disease:
food
shortage
could
kill
millions
of
people
and
cause
unrest
in
the
world.
A.
imagine?????????????
B.
to
be
imagined?????????????
C.
imagining?????????????
D.
to
imagine
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：很容易想象未经检查的植物疾病的后果：粮食短缺可能导致数百万人死亡，并在世界上引起动荡。It
is+adj.+
to
do表示“很……做某事”，it为形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语，故D项正确。
7.
With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
________,
the
newly-elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
A.
settled?????????????
B.
settling
C.
to
settle?????????????
D.
being
settled
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于许多困难的问题要解决，新当选的总统日子很不好过。动词不定式to
settle作定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式being
settled作定语表示正在被解决的难题。所提供的语境the
newly-elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题，所以要用to
settle作定语。故选C项。
【点睛】with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。
with结构：with
+
宾语（名词或代词）+
宾补（介词短语，形容词，副词现在分词，过去分词，不定式）,是一个独立主格结构，在句中做状语，可表原因，伴随等。
The
teacher
came
in
with
a
book
in
his
hand.老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
I
have
no
time
go
out
with
you.(不定
式表将来动作)有许多工作要做，我没时间和你一起出去。
We
found
the
house
easily
with
the
little
boy
leading
the
way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)
With
all
the
things
she
needed
bought,
she
went
home
happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)
8.
I
found
these
problems
are
easy
____________.
A.
to
be
worked
out?????????????
B.
to
work
them
out
C.
to
work
out?????????????
D.
to
be
worked
them
out
【答案解析】
C
【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现这些问题很容易解决。在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中，主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，故B、D项错误；句型中用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义，故A项错误。当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动表被动。故选C。
9.
Helen
had
to
shout
______
above
the
sound
of
the
music.
A.
making
her
heard?????????????
B.
to
make
her
hear
C.
making
herself
heard?????????????
D.
to
make
herself
heard
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：音乐声音太大了，海伦不得不大声喊叫来让别人听见自己。由于设空处在句子中表目的，所以用动词不定式形式，表达让别人听见自己用make
oneself
heard，故选D
10.
To
get
the
job
______.
A.
it
is
required
that
one
should
be
qualified
B.
a
bachelor’s
degree
is
necessary
C.
one
needs
to
have
basic
knowledge
in
electricity
D.
some
requirements
should
be
met
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要得到这份工作，一个人需要有电力方面的基本知识。根据上文To
get
the
job可知为不定式作目的状语，“得到工作”的逻辑主语应当是人，选项中只有C选项one可以用于指人，其他选项均不符合要求。故选C。
11.
The
news
reporter
hurried
to
the
airport,
only_________
the
film
stars
had
left
.
A.
to
tell?????????????
B.
to
be
told?????????????
C.
telling?????????????
D.
told
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：新闻记者急忙赶到机场，却被告知电影明星已经离开了。doing表自然而然的结果；to
do表示出人意料的结果，经常和only连用；排除C,D；且主语The
news
reporters和tell是动宾关系，所以要用不定式的被动形式。故选B。
12.
The
publisher
resigned
and
left
the
press,
never
_______
again.
A.
to
be
met?????????????
B.
to
meet
C.
be
met?????????????
D.
being
met
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查非谓语动词的被动语态。句意：这个出版者辞职了并且离开了报刊，再也不会被遇见。分析句子结构可知，动词meet在句中充当状语成分，对谓语动词resigned和left动作的结果说明，需使用动词不定式to
do，动词meet和主语the
publisher之间是被动关系，需使用被动结构be
met，结合动词不定式to
do之后，应为to
be
met。故选A。
13.
The
message
is
very
important,
so
it
is
supposed
_______
as
soon
as
possible.
A.
to
be
sent?????????????
B.
to
send?????????????
C.
being
sent?????????????
D.
sending
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：这则信息非常重要，因此它应该被尽快地传达到。be
supposed
to
do
sth.表示“理应做某事”，是习惯搭配，而且send和the
message
之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用被动语态形式。故选A。
14.
With
no
one
________,
Mary
felt
lonely.
A.
talking
to?????????????
B.
to
talk
to?????????????
C.
talked
to?????????????
D.
to
talk
【答案解析】
B
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：由于没有人说话，玛丽感到孤独。表示将要发生的事，用不定式，talk
to
sb.和某人说话，该用法是固定用法，故选B。
15.
The
engineer
is
reported
??????????????
the
longest
bridge
of
the
country.
A.
having
designed?????????????
B.
have
designed?????????????
C.
to
have
designed?????????????
D.
to
design
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查不定式的完成时。句意：据报道，这位工程师设计了全国最长的桥梁。be
reported
to据报道，该用法是固定用法，排除A和B。“设计了全国最长的桥梁”这个动作发生在“据报道”这个动作之前，用不定式的完成时，故选C。
16.
Helen
had
to
shout
________
above
the
sound
of
the
music.
A.
making
herself
hear?????????????
B.
to
make
herself
hear
C.
making
herself
heard?????????????
D.
to
make
herself
heard
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Helen不得不大声呼喊以盖过音乐的声音使自己被听到。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处使用不定式做目的状语，同时此处是make的复合结构，宾语herself和宾语补足语hear之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故选D。
17.
—Is
there
anything
wrong
with
my
heart,
doctor?
—Not
too
bad.
But
I
advise
you________
anymore.
A.
to
not
smoke?????????????
B.
not
smoking?????????????
C.
smoking
not?????????????
D.
not
to
smoke
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——医生，我的心脏有什么问题吗?——不太坏。但是我劝你不要再抽烟了。短语advise
sb.
not
to
do
sth.“建议某人不要做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
18.
____,the
student
insists
that
he
be
separated
from
his
desk-mate,who
is
naughty.
A.
To
avoid
being
affected?????????????
B.
To
avoid
to
be
affected
C.
Avoiding
being
affected?????????????
D.
Avoiding
to
be
affected
【答案解析】
A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免受到影响，这些学生坚持要求他应该和他同桌分开，（因为）他同桌非常的淘气。固定短语avoid
doing
sth“避免做某事”，如果为被动，则为avoid
being
done，由此排除B、D；从句意来看，逗号前面部分应该是目的状语。而放句首的目的状语一般就是不定式，而不是现在分词。由此排除C，故选A。
【点睛】avoid是高中要求四会的词，考生必须记牢它的用法，此题是综合考查题，既考查了非谓语动词的用法同时又考了avoid的用法，这是高考命题的趋势。
insist的宾语从句的用法一般分为两种情况：
1）如果insist翻译为“坚持说/坚持认为”，且宾语从句的动作为已经发生的情况，此时宾语从句采用正常的陈述语气。
如：He
insisted
that
he
was
right.
他坚持说/认为他是对的。
2）如果insist翻译为“坚决主张/要求”，即宾语从句的动作当时尚未发生，此时宾语从句必须采用虚拟语气，构成为从句谓语动词用“(should)
+
动词原形”，其中should可以省。
如：He
insisted
that
he
(should)
be
praised
for
what
he
had
done.
3）此题中的insist所引导的宾语从句采用了虚拟语气，即he
be
separated...
=
he
should
be
separated...
19.
A
farmer
claimed
_______
a
rare
South
China
tiger
in
the
wild
with
a
digital
camera
last
year,
but
it
turned
out
to
be
a
dishonest
trick.
A.
to
photograph?????????????
B.
photographing
C.
to
have
photographed?????????????
D.
having
photographed
【答案解析】
C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位农民声称去年曾用数码相机拍摄过一只罕见的野生华南虎，但事实证明这是一个不诚实的诡计。claim
to
do表示“声称做某事”，photograph这一动作发生在claimed之前，所以用不定式的完成式作宾语，故C项正确。
20.
I
will
be
surprised
if
you
can
get
Calvin,
who
is
a
close-fisted
man,
????????
these
donation
draw
tickets
from
you.
A.
buy?????????????
B.
buying
C.
buys?????????????
D.
to
buy
【答案解析】
D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你能让加尔文，一个吝啬的男人，从你那里买这些捐款票，我会很惊讶。经过分析得知，句子谓语是
get，固定结构get
sb.
to
do
sth.
“让某人做某事”，因此选用动词的不定式。故选D。不定式
1.
That
is
the
only
way
we
can
imagine
____
the
overuse
of
water
in
students’
bathrooms.
A.
reducing?????????????
B.
to
reduce
C.
reduced?????????????
D.
reduce
2.
Meyer
and
his
team
were
the
first
people
___________
how
the
disease
spreads
from
animals
to
human.
A.
showing?????????????
B.
show
C.
to
show?????????????
D.
shown
3.
_______
the
coming
talent
competition,
he
has
spent
all
his
free
time
making
preparation.
A.
Win?????????????
B.
Winning?????????????
C.
Having
won?????????????
D.
To
win
4.
He
claimed
_______
in
the
supermarket
when
he
was
doing
shopping
yesterday.
A.
being
badly
treated?????????????
B.
to
be
treated
badly
C.
treating
badly?????????????
D.
to
have
been
treated
badly
5.
The
young
lady
prefers
dressing
up
for
a
party
to_______by
others.
A.
be
noticed?????????????
B.
being
noticed
C.
having
been
noticed?????????????
D.
have
been
noticed
6.
It
is
easy
________
the
consequences
of
unchecked
plant
disease:
food
shortage
could
kill
millions
of
people
and
cause
unrest
in
the
world.
A.
imagine?????????????
B.
to
be
imagined?????????????
C.
imagining?????????????
D.
to
imagine
7.
With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
________,
the
newly-elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
A.
settled?????????????
B.
settling
C.
to
settle?????????????
D.
being
settled
8.
I
found
these
problems
are
easy
____________.
A.
to
be
worked
out?????????????
B.
to
work
them
out
C.
to
work
out?????????????
D.
to
be
worked
them
out
9.
Helen
had
to
shout
______
above
the
sound
of
the
music.
A.
making
her
heard?????????????
B.
to
make
her
hear
C.
making
herself
heard?????????????
D.
to
make
herself
heard
10.
To
get
the
job
______.
A.
it
is
required
that
one
should
be
qualified
B.
a
bachelor’s
degree
is
necessary
C.
one
needs
to
have
basic
knowledge
in
electricity
D.
some
requirements
should
be
met
11.
The
news
reporter
hurried
to
the
airport,
only_________
the
film
stars
had
left
.
A.
to
tell?????????????
B.
to
be
told?????????????
C.
telling?????????????
D.
told
12.
The
publisher
resigned
and
left
the
press,
never
_______
again.
A.
to
be
met?????????????
B.
to
meet
C.
be
met?????????????
D.
being
met
13.
The
message
is
very
important,
so
it
is
supposed
_______
as
soon
as
possible.
A.
to
be
sent?????????????
B.
to
send?????????????
C.
being
sent?????????????
D.
sending
14.
With
no
one
________,
Mary
felt
lonely.
A.
talking
to?????????????
B.
to
talk
to?????????????
C.
talked
to?????????????
D.
to
talk
15.
The
engineer
is
reported
??????????????
the
longest
bridge
of
the
country.
A.
having
designed?????????????
B.
have
designed?????????????
C.
to
have
designed?????????????
D.
to
design
16.
Helen
had
to
shout
________
above
the
sound
of
the
music.
A.
making
herself
hear?????????????
B.
to
make
herself
hear
C.
making
herself
heard?????????????
D.
to
make
herself
heard
17.
—Is
there
anything
wrong
with
my
heart,
doctor?
—Not
too
bad.
But
I
advise
you________
anymore.
A.
to
not
smoke?????????????
B.
not
smoking?????????????
C.
smoking
not?????????????
D.
not
to
smoke
18.
____,the
student
insists
that
he
be
separated
from
his
desk-mate,who
is
naughty.
A.
To
avoid
being
affected?????????????
B.
To
avoid
to
be
affected
C.
Avoiding
being
affected?????????????
D.
Avoiding
to
be
affected
19.
A
farmer
claimed
_______
a
rare
South
China
tiger
in
the
wild
with
a
digital
camera
last
year,
but
it
turned
out
to
be
a
dishonest
trick.
A.
to
photograph?????????????
B.
photographing
C.
to
have
photographed?????????????
D.
having
photographed
20.
I
will
be
surprised
if
you
can
get
Calvin,
who
is
a
close-fisted
man,
????????
these
donation
draw
tickets
from
you.
A.
buy?????????????
B.
buying
C.
buys?????????????
D.
to
buy
