2021中考英语专题复习学案之动词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(八)　动词
近年来对动词的考查主要是动词的种类及各类动词的基本区别、动词的基本变化形式、常见动词的词义辨析及动词短语的辨析。其中，动词和动词短语的辨析以及动词的基本变化形式是考查的重点和热点。预计2021年动词考查的趋势将是在具体的语言环境中考查基础动词、情态动词及动词短语的辨析。
实义动词
类别 功能及用法 例子
及物动词 本身含有实际意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。可以接宾语 afford，buy，enjoy，keep
不及物动词 不可以直接接宾语 arrive，cry，die，fall
特例清单
1．不及物动词后接宾语时，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如：
You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.在课堂上你应该认真听老师讲课。
2．双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物，间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到介词to或for后面，变成介词短语。
◆常见的能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词有：bring，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，read，send，show，take，teach，tell，write等。如：
Can you pass the ball to me？你能把球传给我吗？
I want to give her some help.我想帮她。
◆常见的能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词有：build，buy，cook，cut，fetch，find，get，keep，make，order，save，pick，sing，take，win，write等。如：
Can you fetch some water for me？你能为我去拿些水吗？
系动词
常用系动词 词义 例句
be 是 I'm a girl with short hair.
become 成为，变得 Mike becomes interested in Chinese.
turn 变得 Mr. White's face turned red.
get 变得 The weather is getting bad.
grow 成长，变得 Her hair is growing white.
stay 保持 The shop stays open till 8 pm.
keep 保持 The girl keeps silent all the time.
smell 闻起来 The flowers smell nice.
sound 听起来 The plan sounds good.
taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious.
feel 感到，摸起来 The coat feels very soft.
look 看起来 My mother looks very young.
温馨提示
1．系动词包含be动词和感官动词。become，turn，keep等表渐变或保持某种状态的词也被称为半连系动词，用法与系动词相同。
2．系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。系表结构一起表示主语的性质或状态。
3．含系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时要借助助动词do，does，did等。
情态动词和助动词
1．助动词和情态动词的区别
助动词 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态，构成否定句、疑问句等。 do，does，will，shall
情态动词 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度和观点，没有人称和数的变化。 may，must，can，need
2.情态动词的具体用法
may 意义及用法 例句
表示“请求或许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn't。 —May I go out and play football？—No，you mustn't.
表示推测，意思是“可能”。 Mr. Li may be at home.
can/could 表示能力，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can't，couldn't。 Mike can speak a little Chinese.
用在疑问句中，表示征求意见，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。 Could you tell me something about your school？
表示推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 He can't be at home.He has gone to Japan.
can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，be able to可以用于各种时态。 He can spell these words. He was able to draw at the age of two.


should 意为“应该”，表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 They should be here by 8：00.
need 表示“需要”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。由need引导的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。 —Need we take the test？—Yes，we must.


must 表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn't，意思是“禁止，不允许”，表示警告 You must be careful next time.
You mustn't take photos here.
表示推测，意为“一定”。 He must be in the room.
表示说话人的主观看法。 I must go home now.
must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must或have to；否定回答时用needn't或don't have to。 —Must I finish the homework today？—No，you needn't/you don't have to.
动词短语
类别 实例 词义
动词＋副词 add up 加起来
break out 爆发
carry on 坚持下去；继续下去
change into 转换成；变成
clean up 清除；收拾干净
clear up 整理；收拾；(天气)放晴
come back 回来；想起来
come down 落下来
come in 进入；进来
cut down 砍倒
cut off 切断
cut up 切碎
eat up 吃光；吃完
fall behind 落在……后面；输给别人
find out 发现；查明
get together 聚会；联欢
get up 起床
give away 分发；赠送；泄露
give back 归还；送回
give in 屈服
give out 分发；用完；耗尽
give up 放弃
go ahead 继续
go away 走开；离去
go on 继续
grow up 长大成人；成长
hand in 上交；交纳
hand out 分发
hold on 坚持；(打电话)别挂断
keep on 继续(进行)
let in 让……进来；放进
look ahead 向前看
look up 查找
pay back 偿还(借款等)
pick up 拾起，捡起；开车接；学会
point out 指出；标明
put off 推迟
put on 穿；戴上；上演
put up 举起；张贴
类别 实例 词义
start off 出发
stay up 熬夜
take off 脱下；起飞
turn down 声音调小
turn in 上交
turn off 关闭
wake up 唤醒；醒来
watch out 当心
work out 计算出
动词 ＋
介词 agree with 赞同；同意(某人的看法)
arrive at/in 到达
ask for 请求；询问
base on 以……为依据
belong to 属于
break into 破门而入
call for 需要；呼吁
care for 在乎；关心
come from 来自……
deal with 处理；对付
depend on/upon 依靠；相信；依赖
get over 克服
get to 到达
go by 走过；经过
go over 仔细检查；复习
knock at 敲
laugh at 嘲笑
learn from 向……学习
look after 照顾
look at 看……；观看……
look for 寻找
look like 看起来像
pass by 经过
point to 指向……
quarrel with (和某人)争吵
stand for 代表(某事物)；支持
stick to 坚持
talk about 谈论；议论
think about/of 考虑；认为；想起
wait for 等待
动词＋副词＋介词 add up to 总计达
catch up with 赶上
come up with 想出
get along with 相处
go on with 继续进行
keep away from 远离
keep up with 跟上；和……保持联系
look down on/upon 看不起
look forward to 盼望
look out of 朝……外看
make up of 由……组成
run out of 耗尽
温馨提示
对于“动词＋副词”类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语中间也可以放在短语的后面；但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语中间。
eg：You should pick it up.你应该把它捡起来。
You should put away your shoes.＝You should put your shoes away.你应该把鞋子收好。
考点一：实义动词
【考点抢测】
1．—Hi, Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really? Make sure the news is true before you ______ it.(2020·安徽)
A．receive B．spread C．cancel D．hear
2．I was busy this morning and didn't have time to ______ my email.(2020·天津)
A．waste B．punish C．believe D．check
3．Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What ______ most is how you see yourself.(2020·新疆)
A．drinks B．matters C．cares D．minds
4．—Can your little brother ______ from 1 to 100?
—Yes. He began to learn to say the simple numbers at the age of one.(2020·襄阳)
A．count B．hear C．guess D．spread
5．—We've discussed this many times. No jeans to the party!
—Very well then, if you ______. But where's my suit？(2020·无锡)
A．suggest B．imagine C．agree D．insist
6．—Sorry, Mr. Green, I ______ my notebook at home.
—That's OK, but don't forget it next time.(2020·百色)
A．forgot B．missed C．left D．kept
7．All my family members think people should ______ doctors and nurses for their contributions.(2020·镇江)
A．promise B．praise C．present D．prepare
8．Last Thursday when I got to the railway station, I ______ I left my ID card at home.(2020·营口)
A．realized B．believed C．thought D．considered
考点二：系动词
【考点抢测】8．—Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
—Yes，the folk songs ______ nice.(2019·福建)
A．sound 　　　B．smell 　　　　　C．look
9．—Look，Linda.The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
—I can't believe it.They are beautiful and colorful.They ______ great.(2019·乐山)
A．sound 　　　B．smell 　　　　　C．taste
10．Sometimes the smooth surface of the lake really ______ like a mirror.(2019·抚顺)
A．sounds B．looks C．smells D．tastes
11．The dish smells delicious，but it ______ a little salty.(2019·辽阳)
A．looks B．tastes C．feels D．sounds
12．—Joe，don't eat too much ice?cream.
—OK，Mom.But it ______ really good.(2019·贵港)
A．feels B．looks C．tastes D．sounds
考点三：情态动词和助动词
【考点抢测】
13．This street is much ________ than that one.(2020·天津)
A．wide B．wider C．widest D．the widest
14．I'm pretty good at tennis. Actually，I'm probably ________ in the club.(2020·江西)
A．worse B．good C．better D．the best
【考点抢测】
15．—Lily is intelligent and hard?working, she ______ do well in the singing competition.
—Sure.She was born to be a singer.(2020·青海)
A．should 　　　B．might 　　　　　C．can't
16．I ______ be late, so don't wait for me to start the meeting.(2020·天津)
A．mustn't B．needn't C．need D．may
17．Mr. Collins ______ like tea. He makes a cup of tea for himself every morning.(2020·泸州)
A．must B．may C．can't D．mustn't
18．According to the traffic law，children under 12 ______ ride bicycles on the road.(2020·上海)
A．won't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't
19．From the top of the Autumn Hill people ______ enjoy the fullest sight of Ge Garden.(2020·扬州)
A．have to B．need C．should D．can
20．—Allen, shall we go to the bookstore this afternoon?
—I'm sorry, David, but I _____ meet my cousin at the train station.(2020·青岛)
A．have to B．can C．may D．could
21．—Must the children get up at six tomorrow morning?
—No, they ______. Let them have a good sleep on weekends.(2020·襄阳)
A．can't B．needn't C．mustn't D．may not
22．—Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day？(2020·苏州)
—For your health, you ______ be too careful.
A．can't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．needn't
23．Mr. Jonathan ______ your new English teacher.(2020·大庆)
A．maybe B．be might C．may be D．might is
24．You ______ be able to control all the things that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.(2020·无锡)
A．need not B．may not C．must not D．should not
考点四：动词短语
【考点抢测】25．We are supposed to ____ smart phones and take more exercise instead.(2020·安徽)
A．take up B．put away C．look into D．give out
26．Lang Ping is a symbol of courage and success, and we ____ her.(2020·天津)
A．come from B．stand for
C．take pride in D．get ready for
27．—Could you please ____ the picture on the wall and make it clean?
—Sure.I'd love to.(2020·青海)
A．pull down 　　　B．take away 　　　　　C．take down
28．—We should form the good habit of saving food now.
—I agree, so I always ______ the food I order.(2020·自贡)
A．eat up 　　　B．give up 　　　　　C．turn up
29．Linda takes_after her father. They are both outgoing. The underlined phrase means ______．(2020·牡丹江)
A．follows sb. quickly B．is similar to
C．looks like
30．—Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?
—Don't you know that, Amy? They ______ “keep in touch”．(2020·苏州)
A．search for B．ask for
C．go for D．stand for
31．No matter how far you have gone down the wrong road, _____．(2020·扬州)
A．turn back B．turn off C．turn out D．turn over
32．All children are ____ the day when they can go back to school.(2020·孝感)
A．looking up B．taking care of
C．taking out D．looking forward to
33．They had to ____ their school trip because of the bad weather.(2020·绥化)
A．put up 　　　B．put off 　　　　　C．put away
34．These activities at bedtime can get kids excited and make it hard for them to ____ and sleep.(2020·盐城)
A．come down B．break down
C．calm down D．sit down
35．You still have an hour left to go to the English party，so take_your_time，please.______(2020·黔西南州)
A．don't hurry B．don't go
C．hurry up D．get up
36．After a long walk, they felt really tired, so they decided to have_a_rest under the big tree.______(2020·黔南州)
A．take a walk B．take a break
C．have a picnic D．have a talk
跟踪训练：
1．China's efforts to stop the spread of COVID?19 will ______ the world's ability to limit the harm in the near future.(2020·南京)
A．imagine B．invent C．insist D．improve
2．The performer ______ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.(2020·江西)
A．continued B．relaxed C．stopped D．won
3．On video, Doctor Zhong Nanshan ______ teenagers to study hard in the first lesson of this term.(2020·福建)
A．allowed 　　　B．trained 　　　　　C．encouraged
4．—How does the banana milk shake ______？
—Delicious. I'd like to have another glass.(2020·襄阳)
A．look B．smell C．taste D．sound
5．—Look, Cindy. The flowers in our classroom come out in one night.
—That's fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They ______ nice.(2020·新疆)
A．smells B．smell C．sounds D．sound
6．—______you give me a hand? I can't move the box by myself.
—No problem.(2020·北京)
A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need
7．You are not allowed to play with fire in the forest.It ______ kill plants, animals and even people.(2020·昆明)
A．might B．might not C．should D．should not
8．______ you smell something burning? Go and see what's happening.(2020·河北)
A．Can B．May C．Must D．Need
9．—Whose magazine is this?
—It _____ be Nancy's. Look! Her name is on its cover (封面)．(2020·哈尔滨)
A．must 　　　B．can't 　　　　　C．mustn't
10．My classmate is jumping so far! I ______ believe my eyes.(2020·新疆)
A．shouldn't B．needn't
C．mustn't D．can't
11．—Is this book Linda's？(2020·福建)
—It ______ be hers. Sandy's name is on the cover.
A．can't 　　　B．mustn't 　　　　　C．needn't
12．—Mum, ______I do my homework tonight?
—No, you ________. But you must finish it before Sunday.(2020·龙东)
A．need；mustn't B．must；needn't
C．must；mustn't
13．—You have plenty of homework, don't you?
—Yeah, it ____ the little time I have outside of school.(2020·武汉)
A．makes up B．takes up
C．turns down D．breaks down
14．This year marks Earth Day's 50th birthday. It was created to remind people to ____ the earth—the home to all the living things.(2020·山西)
A．talk about 　　　B．care about 　　　　　C．hear about
15．The school ____ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(2020·岳阳)
A．put off 　　　B．put up 　　　　　C．put on
16．—Linda ______ her mother.(2020·潜江)
—Yeah. Both of them have curly hair and blue eyes.
A．looks like B．looks at
C．looks after D．looks for
17．—Tony's room is tidy, isn't it?
—Yes. Because he always ______ his toys after playing with them.(2020·营口)
A．moves away B．puts away
C．sweeps away D．gives away
18．The coat looks very nice. Can I ______？(2020·绥化)
A．try it on 　　　B．try on it 　　　　　C．try them on
19．We should respect others, and we mustn't laugh_at people in trouble.______(2020·黔南州)
A．make use of B．make faces with
C．make fun of D．make way for
20．After the terrible explosion (爆炸) in Xiangshui，Yancheng，many people from cities around came to hospitals to ______ blood.(2019·泰州)
A．devote B．create C．donate D．celebrate
21．You can't change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video.What ______ is what you do，not what you know.(2019·河南)
A．includes B．decides C．means D．matters
22．Stephen Hawking has ______ great success as a scientist.(2019·包头)
A．allowed B．achieved C．practiced D．promised
23．If you want to join the Music Club，_____ the form，please.(2019·天津)
A．go out B．fill out C．get up D．warm up
24．Fighting for your dream is like climbing a mountain.Whatever difficulties you meet，don't ______．Just move on.(2019·山西)
A．set off 　　　B．come out 　　　　　C．give up
25．—Can you give me some suggestions on reading books?
—You'd better ______ the dictionary when you meet the new words.(2019·青海)
A．look up　　B．look around　　C．look for
26．On the first day of Chinese New Year，we ______ new clothes and visit people.(2019·河北)
A．pick up B．put on
C．take off D．throw away
27．Would you please ______ the light？I can't sleep well with it on.(2019·苏州)
A．turn on B．turn off
C．turn to D．turn around
28．—Shall we ____ the things we don't use to the people in need？(2019·宜昌)
—Good idea.
A．put off B．set out C．get into D．give away
29．Miss Lee likes ____．She tells everyone that she has got a new car.(2019·宿迁)
A．coming out B．showing off
C．turning out D．taking off
30．April 15 was a sad day for France.A large fire ____ at the Cathedral of Notre?Dame.(2019·连云港)
A．broke out B．carried out
C．gave out D．ran out
31．The volunteers ____ the sick kids in the hospital on weekends.(2019·岳阳)
A．look after 　　　B．look for 　　　　C．look through
32．—Julie has made great progress.How did she make it?
—She works much harder than before.She says if she doesn't catch up，she will be_left_out．____(2019·凉山州)
A．be angry B．fall behind
C．give in D．get excited
33．As we ____ on our new journey，we shouldn't forget where we came from.
A.take out B．set out C．cut out D．blow out
34．—I don't like practicing the piano.
—If you ____ it，you will play it well.
A．stick to B．get to C．talk to D．shout to
35．—The government is trying to protect the environment now.
—Yeah.It is reported that some factories will be ____ soon.
A．set up B．shut off
C．given up D．turned off
Keys：
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.D
15.A 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.A 21.B 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.C
28.A 29.B30.D 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.A 36.B
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A
16.A 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C 21.D 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.D 29.B
30.A 31.A 32.B 33.B
34.A 35.B
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