2021中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案之非谓语动词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(十)　非谓语动词
近几年中考对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语，动词?ing形式作主语、宾语、宾语补足语的用法。预计2021年中考对不定式的考查重点会放在不定式作宾语、状语及固定搭配上。我们应该牢固掌握一些动词及相关短语的用法。
动词不定式
功能 例句
主语 To speak English well isn't an easy job.
宾语 They decided to change their mind.
宾语 补足语 He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.
定语 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
表语 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.
状语
目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.
结果 He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.
特例清单
1．不定式作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：
Would you like to see a film this evening？你今晚想去看一场电影吗？
②在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：
I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。
2．不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。
【注意】还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。
3．不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
③特殊结构的不定式有：too...to...太……而不能……；for sb. to do sth. 对于……来说做……；of sb. to do sth.对于……来说做……
④不定式短语结构为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如：
How to solve the pollution is a big challenge.怎样治理污染是个大挑战。
I don't know how to do it.我不知道怎么做。
动词?ing形式
功能 例句
主语 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.
宾语 I finished doing my homework.
表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
定语 She is reading in the reading room.
宾语补足语 He kept the machine running for ten hours.
状语 They went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.
特例清单
1．英语中一些词后常接动词?ing形式作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成)，mind(介意)，be worth(值得)，be busy(忙于)，practice(练习)，have fun(玩得高兴)，feel like(想要)，be used to(习惯于)，consider(考虑)，enjoy(喜欢)。
2．几组动词接不定式及动词?ing形式的辨析：
①stop doing/stop to do
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停止、中断做的事后去做另一件事
②forget doing/forget to do
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)
forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(事情没做)
③remember doing/remember to do
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)
remember to do sth.记得要做某事(事情没做)
④try doing/try to do
try doing sth.尝试着去做某事
try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
⑤go on doing/go on to do
go on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情
go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事
⑥allow doing sth./allow sb. to do sth.
allow doing sth.允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
⑦regret doing/regret to do
regret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
(十)　非谓语动词
考点一：动词不定式
【考点抢测】
1．I've just watched a TV programme about space. I hope ____ on the moon one day.(2020·天津)
A．walk B．walked C．walking D．to walk
2．Doctors tell us ____ our hands before and after every meal.(2020·上海)
A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash
3．We'd better follow the seven?step hand?washing method ____ healthy.(2020·重庆B卷)
A．to keep B．keep C．keeping D．keeps
4．He felt tired, so he stopped ____ a rest under the tree.(2020·甘孜)
A．having 　　　B．have 　　　　　C．to have
5．We are glad ____ that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases.(2020·长沙)
A．know 　　　B．to know 　　　　　C．knowing
6．The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature Reserve ____ the birds every year.(2020·盐城)
A．to count B．counting C．count D．counts
7．It is wise ____ Linda to make up her mind ________ to play an instrument.(2019·呼和浩特)
A．for；learning B．for；to learn
C．of；learning D．of；to learn
8．Miss Chen，my dear English teacher，often encourages me ____ the challenges in my study.(2019·重庆B卷)
A．face B．faces C．facing D．to face
9．—Come and see！The baby is crying.(2019·咸宁)
—Please do something to make him ____．
A.stop crying B．stop to cry
C．crying D．cry
10．You'd better ____ hard from now on，________ you will fail in the exam.(2019·大庆)
A．work；and B．working；or
C．working；and D．work；or
考点二：动词?ing形式
【考点抢测】
11．The engineers will keep ____ the project with the manager of the company.(2020·上海)
A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss
12．The twin brothers are busy ____ artworks from ocean waste.(2020·福建)
A．making 　　　B．make 　　　　　C．to make
13．The singer was often seen to practice ____ songs near the woods three years ago.(2020·乐山)
A．sing 　　　B．singing 　　　　　C．to sing
14．—Where is Mike?
—I saw him ______ with Mr. Smith in the hallways just now.(2019·内江)
A．to talk B．talking C．talked D．talks
15．I like the TV program The Readers best.I think we should spend as much time as we can ______ in our spare time.(2019·眉山)
A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads
16．People enjoy ______ zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.(2019·岳阳)
A．eat 　　　B．eating 　　　　　C．to eat
17．Amazing China (《厉害了，我的国》) wins high praise from the public.I think the documentary is well worth ______．(2019·泰州)
A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched
18．I can't stand ______ in public.(2019·通辽)
A．smoking B．to smoke C．smoke D．smokes
跟踪训练：
1．Teachers expect all their students ______ progress day by day.(2020·青岛)
A．to make B．make C．to take D．take
2．Reading is a good way _______ the world.(2020·天水)
A．for know B．for knows C．to know D．to knows
3．As common people, the medical workers choose to stand out and ______ others without thinking twice. They are the most beautiful angels.(2020·昆明)
A．protect B．protecting C．admire D．admiring
4．A group of students from Hongqi School hope ______ our school art festival next week.(2020·营口)
A．join in B．to join in C．joining in D．joined in
5．With the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways ______ rivers to schools.(2020·贵阳)
A．to cross 　　　B．crossing 　　　　　C．crossed
6．Jim is going to join the Art Club because he likes ______．(2020·温州)
A．cooking B．drawing C．running D．reading
7．—Why don't the doctors stop _______ lunch?
—Because they are busy ________ a patient.(2020·新疆)
A．to have；to save B．having；saving
C．to have；saving D．having；to save
8．—The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful. Do you feel like ______ it tonight?
—I'd love to, but my parents won't let me ________ out too late.(2020·自贡)
A．watching；to stay B．to watch；staying
C．watching；stay
9．______ with my father's handwriting, mine is poor.(2020·天水)
A．Compare B．Compared C．Comparing D．Compares
10．We all look forward to ______ you again soon.
A．see B．seeing C．seen D．saw
11．—I tried to make Alice ____ her mind but I found it difficult.(2019·南充)
—Well，I saw you________ that when I went past.
A．changed；do B．changes；doing
C．change；to do D．change；doing
12．—My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather ______ the old bike than ________ a new one.(2019·自贡)
A．repair；to buy　　B．to repair；buy　　C．repair；buy
13．—Is it necessary _______ us ________ some photos before saving the old man？(2019·凉山州)
—Yes，it is.We can protect ourselves if we do so.
A．of；taking B．for；taking
C．of；to take D．for；to take
14．—You look worried.You'd better ______ your problem with others.
—Oh，yes.________ a problem is like cutting it in half.
A．share；Sharing B．sharing；To share
C．to share；To share D．share；Shared
15．—Mr. Wang，I have trouble ______ the text.Could you help me?
—Certainly.First，remember ________ it three times at least.Then，I will tell you more.
A．to understand；reading B．understanding；reading
C．understanding；to read D．to understand；to read
Keys:
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.D
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C
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