Unit
1
Festivals
and
Celebrations
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
单元语法精析
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
语法点拨
动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语
1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。
2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being
done三种形式。具体用法如下：
(1)doing作定语
①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：
boiling
water开水
a
barking
dog狂吠的狗
a
developing
country一个发展中国家
Don’t
wake
up
the
sleeping
child.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
Phoebe
received
an
e-mail
the
other
day
saying
her
uncle
was
coming
to
visit
her.
菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。
②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：
a
fishing
net(＝a
net
for
fishing)渔网
a
walking
stick(＝a
stick
for
walking)拐棍
a
reading
room(＝a
room
for
reading)阅览室
a
living
room(＝a
room
for
living)起居室，客厅
a
writing
desk(＝a
desk
for
writing)书桌
She
trained
five
times
a
week
at
her
local
swimming
pool.
她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
No
one
is
allowed
to
speak
aloud
in
the
reading
room.
阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：
an
exciting
story令人兴奋的故事
an
excited
voice兴奋的声音
a
puzzling
question令人困惑的问题
a
puzzled
expression困惑的表情
(3)being
done作定语
do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。
The
house
being
built
here
belongs
to
John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The
meeting
being
held
now
is
so
important
that
no
one
is
absent.
现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。
3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
The
man
talking
with
our
headmaster
is
Tom’s
father.
(＝The
man
who
is
talking
with
our
headmaster
is
Tom’s
father.)
正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
名师点津
1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。
2．动词-ing形式作定语如果与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being
done的形式。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷改编)When
we
got
a
call
__saying__
(say)
she
was
short-listed,
we
thought
it
was
a
joke.
解析：句意：当我们接到电话说她被列入候选名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。分析句子结构可知，“__
__(say)
she
was
short-listed”作call的定语，call和say之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。
②(北京高考改编)The
park
was
full
of
people,
__enjoying__(enjoy)
themselves
in
the
sunshine.
解析：句意：公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知，“__
__(enjoy)
themselves
in
the
sunshine”作people的定语，people和enjoy之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式，表示正在进行的动作。
③(四川高考改编)A
warm
drink
of
milk
before
bed
has
long
been
the
best
choice
for
those
__wanting__(want)
a
good
night’s
sleep.
解析：句意：对于那些想睡一夜好觉的人来说，睡前喝一杯热牛奶一直是最佳选择。分析句子结构可知，“__
__(want)
a
good
night’s
sleep”作those的定语，those和want之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。
句型转换
④The
taxi
that
took
us
to
the
airport
broke
down.
→The
taxi
__taking__
us
to
the
airport
broke
down.
⑤The
problem
that
is
being
discussed
is
about
food
safety.
→The
problem
__being
discussed__
is
about
food
safety.
⑥The
student
stayed
in
the
room
used
for
reading
for
an
hour.
→The
student
stayed
__in
the
reading
room__
for
an
hour.
⑦That
was
an
experience
that
frightened
everyone.
→That
was
__a
frightening
experience__.
Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
My
favorite
sport
is
swimming
while
my
sister’s
is
playing
tennis.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜欢的运动是打网球。
My
full-time
job
is
teaching
English,
which
means
I
make
a
living
by
teaching.
我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。
2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。
The
news
was
so
exciting
that
we
were
excited
at
the
news.
这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。
The
snake
looked
quite
frightening
and
the
lady
let
out
a
cry
of
scream
at
the
sight
of
it.
那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。
They
are
satisfied
with
their
present
job.
他们对现在的工作很满意。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It
is
__amazing__(amaze)
that
the
boy
is
able
to
solve
the
problem
so
quickly.
②Buying
a
car
is
simply
__wasting__(waste)
money.
③Please
stop
making
the
noise—it’s
getting
__annoying__(annoy)．
完成句子
④Our
job
is
__playing
all
kinds
of
music__.
我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。
语法专练
Ⅰ．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Entering
the
room，I
found
Mary
__sitting__(sit)
at
the
desk
and
playing
computer
games.
2．Women
__looking__(look)
after
small
children
in
this
city
usually
get
paid
monthly.
3．The
result
of
the
game
was
__disappointing__(disappoint)．
4．I
felt
someone
__patting__(pat)
me
on
the
shoulder.
5．I
heard
Mr
White
__singing__(sing)
in
the
next
door
when
I
passed
by.
6．The
children
__practising__(practise)
playing
the
violin
over
there
will
give
a
performance
next
week.
7．China
is
a
__developing__(develop)
country
while
America
is
a
__developed__(develop)
country.
8．Her
job
is
__keeping__(keep)
the
lecture
hall
as
clean
as
possible.
9．The
problem
that
he
raised
at
the
meeting
was
quite
__surprising__(surprise)．
10．The
man
__wearing__(wear)
a
sad
look
said,
“I’ve
lost
my
wallet.”
11．The
house
__being
built__(build)
for
the
old
is
to
be
completed
next
month.
12．This
hardworking
student
finally
worked
out
the
__puzzling__(puzzle)
problem.
13．Do
you
know
the
boy
__playing__(play)
basketball?
14．The
man
__talking__(talk)
to
my
mother
is
my
uncle.
15．The
stranger
__standing__(stand)
in
front
of
my
house
caught
my
attention.
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．The
building
__being
built__
is
our
teaching
building.(build)
正在建造的那座大楼是我们的教学楼。
2．I
don’t
think
her
joke
is
__amusing__
at
all.(amuse)
我认为她的玩笑一点也不好笑。
3．They
lived
in
a
house
__facing
the
sea__.(face)
他们住在一个面向大海的房子里。
4．__In
the
following
years__
she
worked
even
harder.(follow)
在接下来的几年中，她学习更努力了。
5．What
he
likes
most
is
__playing
jokes
on
others__.(play
jokes
on)
他最喜欢的是取笑别人。
6．Who
is
the
boy
__standing
there__？(stand)
站在那儿的男孩是谁？
7．He
was
an
__inspiring
leader__.(inspire)
他是一个鼓舞人心的领导。
8．His
brother,
__working
as
a
teacher__，lives
in
Beijing.(work
as)
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
9．The
boys
__gathering
at
the
school
gate__
are
my
classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
10．The
furniture
in
a
large
shopping
center
comes
in
a
variety
of
colors
and
shapes,
__ranging
from
black
to
white__
and
from
round
to
square.
大型超市里的家具有各种颜色和形状，从黑色到白色，从圆形到方形。
Ⅱ．语法主题应用
用动词-ing形式作定语和表语的句子简要介绍你母亲的工作。
1．妈妈的工作是在超市里卖水果。(动词-ing形式作表语)
2．这些水果种类繁多，从常见的苹果、梨到进口的水果。(动词-ing形式作定语)
3．妈妈经常给我们带来一些卖得好的水果让我们品尝。(动词-ing形式作定语)
4．虽然一些人认为我母亲的工作是无聊的，但我认为她的工作是有意义的。(动词-ing形式作表语)
________________________________________________________________________
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参考范文：
My
mother’s
job
is
selling
fruit
in
a
supermarket.There
are
all
kinds
of
fruits,
ranging
from
common
apples
and
pears
to
imported
fruit.She
often
brings
us
some
fruit
selling
well
to
let
us
taste
it.Though
some
people
think
my
mother’s
job
is
boring,
I
think
it
is
meaningful.
PAGEUnit
1
Festivals
and
Celebrations
Section
Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
描写节假日活动
写作指导
节假日活动内容包括春节、元宵节、植树节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、国庆节、教师节、中秋节、重阳节、圣诞节、复活节、情人节、母亲节、元旦等各种中西方节假日的起源、发展、庆祝方式和假日活动安排，还有生日、周年纪念日、毕业典礼等各种庆祝活动，以及参加这些活动的经历和感受等，还包括暑期、寒假等活动以及社会实践或者青年志愿者的活动安排及感受等等。主要以说明文、记叙文、日记、邀请信、演讲稿和媒体报道的形式考查。
命题方向：
1．直接给出某一个中西方节日的活动安排；
2．假设考生参加了某个盛大节日或者某个活动，要求他对节日场面或活动情况进行描述；
3．某个节日或寒暑假要来了，准备举行一个活动，以通知的形式告诉大家，希望踊跃参加；
4．以图片的形式体现节日的盛况，要求考生进行描述；
5．节日时被邀请去某地度假了，回来后写信表示感谢，其中以回忆的形式体现假日活动；
6．节日物品，例如饺子的制作、红包等；
7．中西方节日的对比；
8．对节日的盛大状况的态度，觉得如此豪华，盛况空前或有没有必要性；
9．现在中国逐渐开始流行过“洋”节，那么你认为西方节日会不会代替中国传统节日；
10．你的节假日如何安排，如何有意义地度过节假日。
【常用表达】
1．People
celebrate
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
in
memory
of
Qu
Yuan,
who
is
a
Chinese
poet.
为了纪念中国的诗人屈原人们庆祝端午节。
2．With
the
beautiful
moon
up
in
the
sky,
we
sit
together
and
eat
mooncakes
and
fruits,
sharing
our
stories.
皓月当空，我们围坐在一起，吃着月饼和水果，分享往事。
3．In
addition,
you
will
have
a
chance
to
learn
how
to
make
dumplings,
which
is
a
typical
Chinese
custom,
where
I
believe
you
are
sure
to
have
great
fun.
还有，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐。
4．Our
class
is
planning
to
cycle
the
West
Lake
to
watch
the
dragon
boat
race
on
the
5th
day
of
the
5th
lunar
month,
when
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
is
celebrated
nationwide.
我们班计划农历五月初五骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛，那时全国范围内庆祝端午节。
5．Besides,
people
in
China
will
also
hold
a
variety
of
activities
to
honour
Qu
Yuan,
such
as
dragon
boat
racing,
eating
zongzi
and
so
on.
此外，在中国人们会举办各种各样的活动纪念屈原，比如龙舟赛、吃粽子等。
6．The
children
are
looking
forward
to
receiving
lucky
money,
playing
happily
with
each
other,
and
setting
off
fireworks
excitedly.
孩子们正盼望着收到压岁钱，一起高兴地玩耍，兴奋地放烟火。
7．What
we
love
most
is
the
time
when
the
whole
family
enjoy
the
full
moon
together.
我们最喜爱的是一家人一起赏满月的时刻。
8．I’d
like
to
invite
you
to
join
us
for
a
visit
to
the
nearby
nursing
home
next
Saturday
for
the
Double
Ninth
Festival.
下周六重阳节时，我想邀请你和我们一起去拜访附近的养老院。
9．As
Teachers’
Day
is
drawing
near,
some
of
my
classmates
and
I
had
a
group
meeting,
where
we
held
a
heated
discussion
on
how
to
celebrate
it.
随着教师节的临近，我和班里一些同学开了个小组会议，就如何庆祝教师节进行了热烈的讨论。
10．This
important
festival
means
a
lot
to
all
of
us
Chinese.
对于我们所有的中国人来说，这个重要的节日意义重大。
精品展示
每年6月的第三个星期天，很多人都会庆祝父亲节，请根据以下提示以“Father’s
Day”为题，用英语写一篇网络日志(blog)，介绍一下父亲节在中国的庆祝情况，并发表自己的观点和看法。
1．父亲节是一个表达爱和亲情的日子。
2．为父亲准备一份礼物或者给父亲选张贺卡，通个电话。
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【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
时态：一般现在时态
人称：以第一人称和第三人称为主
第二步 确定段落
Para.1 介绍父亲节
Para.2 发表自己对此的看法
第三步 提炼要点
1．对父亲节的简介
2．过父亲节的意义
3．如何过父亲节
(1)一起吃顿饭；
(2)给父亲送件礼物或者寄张贺卡；
(3)给父亲打个电话或者发条祝福的信息等。
第四步 句式升级
1．父亲节是每年六月的第三个星期天。
(一般表达)Father’s
Day
is
the
third
Sunday
in
June
every
year.
(高级表达)Father’s
Day
__falls
on__
the
third
Sunday
in
June
every
year.
2．在那一天，孩子们应当做点什么去向父亲表达自己对他的爱和尊敬。
(一般表达)On
that
day,
children
ought
to
do
something
for
father
and
show
their
love
and
respect
to
their
father.
(高级表达)On
that
day,
children
ought
to
do
something
for
their
father,
__expressing
their
love
and
respect
to
their
father__.
3．我们会聚在一起吃顿团圆饭以庆祝父亲节。
We
will
get
together
__to
have
a
delicious
dinner
to
celebrate__
Father’s
Day.
4．当我们在那天将礼物呈递给他的时候，我们的父亲将会感到幸福和感动。
(一般表达)Our
father
will
__always__
feel
happy
and
moved
when
we
give
the
gift
to
him
on
that
day.
(高级表达)Our
father
__is
to
be__
happy
and
moved
when
we
present
the
gift
to
him
on
that
day.
参考范文：
Father’s
Day
Father’s
Day
falls
on
the
third
Sunday
in
June
every
year.We
all
know
that
Father’s
Day
is
a
festival
on
which
sons
and
daughters
will
show
their
love
and
respect
to
their
father.On
that
day,
children
will
choose
a
gift
for
their
father
no
matter
how
busy
they
are.Then
all
the
family
members
will
get
together
to
have
a
delicious
dinner
to
celebrate
Father’s
Day.Some
children,
especially
those
who
are
working
far
away
from
home,
may
post
a
card
with
best
wishes
to
their
father.Sometimes,
they
can
make
a
telephone
call
to
send
their
best
regards.
In
my
opinion,
in
whatever
way
we
celebrate
it,
our
father
will
be
pleased
and
very
satisfied
with
it.I
usually
choose
a
card
or
a
smart
gift
for
my
father,
and
my
father
is
to
be
moved
when
I
present
it
to
him
on
that
day.
亮点点评：
本文说明简洁明了，过渡自然流畅，词汇运用得当。例如“send
their
best
regards；present
it
to
him”等高级短语运用合理；高级句式如定语从句“on
which
sons
and
daughters
will
show
their
love
and
respect
to
their
father”和状语从句“no
matter
how
busy
they
are”也运用得特别好！
即学即练
假设你是刘伟，你的美国朋友Mike想通过你了解中国的传统节日。请你根据提示，给Mike写一封80词左右的e-mail，向他介绍我国传统节日春节的情况。
内容提示：
1．春节是中国最重要的传统节日；
2．春节期间人们的主要活动(节前、除夕、节日期间)。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear
Mike，
How
are
you?
I’m
really
glad
that
you
are
interested
in
traditional
Chinese
festivals.I’d
like
to
introduce
the
Spring
Festival
to
you.Spring
Festival
is
the
most
important
traditional
holiday
in
China.It
usually
lasts
for
15
days.
Days
before
the
festival,
people
clean
their
houses.They
think
cleaning
sweeps
any
bad
luck.They
decorate
their
houses
with
paper
cuts.On
the
eve
of
the
festival,
family
members
get
together
and
have
big
meals.Then
they
watch
the
Spring
Festival
Gala
on
TV.At
midnight,
they
set
off
fireworks
to
welcome
the
new
year.During
the
festival,
kids
get
lucky
money
from
old
people.People
visit
their
relatives
and
friends.They
wish
each
a
happy
year
and
good
luck.
PAGEUnit
1
Festivals
and
Celebrations
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__atmosphere__
n．气氛；氛围；(地球的)大气(层)
2．__lunar__
adj.阴历的；月球的；月亮的
3．__eve__
n．前夕；前一天
4．__envelope__
n．信封；塑料封套
5．__merry__
adj.愉快的；高兴的
6．__roast__
adj.烤的；焙的
vi.&vt.烘烤；焙
7．__pleased__
adj.高兴的；满意的
8．__frank__
adj.坦率的；直率的
9．__inner__
adj.内部的；里面的；内心的
10．__autonomous__
adj.自治的；有自治权的
11．__region__
n．地区；区域；地带
12．__represent__
vt.象征；代表；相当于 __representative__
n．代表
13．__wrestle__
vi.&
vt.摔跤；奋力对付→__wrestling__
n．摔跤运动→__wrestler__
n．摔跤运动员
14．__fancy__
adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的
vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是
15．__robe__
n．袍服；礼袍
16．__eagle__
n．雕；鹰
17．__grace__
n．优美；优雅；高雅→__graceful__
adj.优雅的；优美的
18．__absolutely__
adv.绝对地；完全地→adj.__absolute__完全的；
绝对的
19．__moment__
n．片刻；瞬间
20．__tent__
n．帐篷
21．__pot__
n．罐；壶；锅
22．__brief__
adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的→__briefly__
adv.简短地
23．__branch__
n．树枝；分支；支流
24．__wedding__
n．婚礼；结婚庆典
25．__clap__
vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌
n．鼓掌；拍手；掌声
26．__respect__
n．&
vt.尊敬；尊重→__respectful__
adj.有礼貌的；恭敬的→__respectable__
adj.体面的；令人尊敬的→__respective__
adj.分别的；各自的
27．__horrible__
adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→__horror__
n．恐怖
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．__to__
be
frank坦白说；坦率地说
2．go
__off__爆炸；走火；离开
3．except
__for__除……之外
4．set
__off__出发；动身；启程
5．frighten
__away__把……吓跑
6．look
forward
__to__盼望；期望
7．__on__
the
first
day第一天
8．be
different
__from__与……不同
9．__by__
weight按重量
10．__as__
if好像
11．be
worried
__about__对……担心
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．After
singing
some
songs，the
competitors
danced
onto
the
green
field，waving
their
arms
in
the
air
__as
if__
they
were
eagles.
唱完歌曲后，选手们在绿色的场地上跳舞，在空中挥舞着胳膊，就像是老鹰一样。
2．I
heard
__it
is
because__
children
are
lighter
and
the
horses
can
run
faster
and
farther.
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马跑得更快更远。
3．They’ve
__been
riding__
horses
all
their
lives.
他们一生都在骑马。
Ⅳ．课文预读
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
1．What
does
the
author
want
to
share
by
writing
this
passage？__A__
A．The
author’s
first
experience
at
the
Naadam
Festival
in
China’s
Inner
Mongolia
Autonomous
Region.
B．How
the
author
took
part
in
the
competition
at
the
Naadam
Festival.
C．China’s
rich
festivals.
D．The
author’s
love
for
China.
2．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Paragraph
1：
A．The
wrestling
competition
at
the
Naadam
Festival.
Paragraph
2:
B．Something
about
the
Naadam
Festival.
Paragraph
3:
C．The
horse
races
and
the
riders
at
the
Naadam
Festival.
Paragraph
4:
D．Many
people
attended
the
Naadam
Festival.
Paragraph
5:
E．The
author’s
satisfaction
with
this
experience
and
longing
for
another
invitation.
答案：1－5
BDACE
二、细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．What
can
we
know
about
Mongolian
wrestling？__A__
A．It
has
little
in
common
with
the
wrestling
in
the
Olympics.
B．Wrestlers
are
divided
into
several
groups
by
weight.
C．Only
after
three
rounds
can
the
winner
appear.
D．The
wrestler
who
touches
the
ground
with
any
part
of
his
body
will
lose.
2．Which
of
the
events
at
the
Naadam
Festival
does
the
author
like
most？__B__
A．Wrestling.
B．Horse
racing.
C．Archery.
D．Dancing.
3．What
made
the
author
amazed
in
the
horse
races？__B__
A．The
speed
of
the
horses.
B．The
age
of
the
riders.
C．The
species
of
the
horses.
D．The
height
of
the
riders.
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．pleased
adj.高兴的；满意的
典型例句
The
children
were
rather
pleased
to
see
the
toys
their
parents
bought
for
them.
孩子们看到父母为他们买的玩具很高兴。
I’m
very
pleased
at/about/with
your
success.
我对你的成功感到满意。
We’re
extremely
pleased
that
you’ve
decided
to
go
with
us.
你决定同我们一起去我们很高兴。
思维拓展
(1)be
pleased
to
do
sth.很高兴做某事
be
pleased
at/about/with...对……感到满意
be
pleased＋that从句
很高兴……
(2)please
v．使高兴，喜欢 interj.请
(3)pleasure
n．高兴
(4)pleasant
adj.令人愉快的
易混辨析
pleased，pleasant，pleasing
pleased
主要用来说明人，表示“感到高兴或满意”
pleasant
多指令人愉快的东西，具有自然吸引力
pleasing
pleasing和pleasant都表示“令人愉快的”，可以互换，且pleasant更常用
即学即练
单句语法填空
①George
cannot
be
with
us
today
so
I
am
pleased
__to
accept__(accept)
this
award
on
behalf
of
him.
②I
believe
a
leaf
of
grass
is
no
less
than
a
star
in
the
sky.Every
plant
gives
us
__pleasure__(please)
in
its
own
way.
③—I’m
very
__pleased__
with
my
own
cooking.It
looks
nice
and
smells
delicious.
—Mm,
it
does
have
a
__pleasant__
smell.(please)
单句写作
④She
was
__very
pleased/satisfied/content
with__(对……非常满意)
her
exam
result.
⑤__I’m
pleased
that__(我很高兴)
you’re
feeling
better.
⑥__I’m
pleased
to
hear__(我很高兴听到)
that
your
cough
is
cured.
2．represent
vt.象征；代表；相当于；正式提出(意见等)
典型例句
The
red
lines
on
the
map
represent
railway
lines.
地图上的红线表示铁路线。
You
must
represent
your
complaints
to
Head
Office.
你必须向总部表示出你的抱怨。
She
represents
herself
as
the
kindest
mother
in
the
world.
她自称是世界上最好的母亲。
思维拓展
(1)represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent
oneself
as/to
be自称是……；声称……
represent
sth.to
sb.向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事
(2)representative
n．代表adj.典型的，有代表性的
易混辨析
represent与stand
for
represent代表(个体代表整体)
represent
my
class代表我班
stand
for代表(指缩写或符号)
VIP
stands
for
very
important
persons.
VIP代表“贵宾”。
即学即练
写出下列句中represent的含义
①The
competition
attracted
over
500
athletes
representing
8
different
countries.__代表__
②The
painting
represents
the
scene
of
a
harvest.__描绘__
③Monsters
in
dreams
often
represent
fears.__象征__
单句语法填空
④The
article
represents
the
millionaire
__as__
a
simple
family
man.
⑤Hank
represented
__himself__(he)
as
an
employee
in
order
to
gain
the
information.
⑥Let
me
represent
my
ideas
__to__
you
in
another
way.
⑦The
painting
is
a
__representation__(represent)
of
a
storm
at
sea.
⑧He
is
a
__representative__(represent)
for
a
large
steel
company.
选词填空(represent/stand
for)
⑨UN
__stands
for__
the
United
Nations.
⑩The
Foreign
Minister
__represented__
the
country
at
the
conference.
3．fancy
adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的
vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是
n．想象力；幻想；爱好
典型例句
People
in
western
countries
sometimes
go
to
the
party
in
fancy
dress.
在西方国家人们有时穿花哨的衣服去参加舞会。
She
didn’t
fancy
the
idea
of
going
home
in
the
dark.
她不喜欢黑夜回家这个主意。
I
have
a
fancy
for
fishing
since
childhood.
我从小就喜欢钓鱼。
思维拓展
(1)have
a
fancy
for
爱好
catch/take
one’s
fancy
合某人的心意；吸引某人
take
a
fancy
to
sb./sth.喜欢上/爱上某人/某物
(2)fancy＋
She
fancied
(that)
she
could
hear
footsteps.
她觉得好像听到了脚步声。
I
can’t
fancy
him/his
telling
a
lie.
我无法想象他会撒谎。
He
fancies
himself
(as)
an
artist.
他自以为是艺术家。
名师点津
fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等，后加名词、代词、动名词等作宾语。
Fancy
meeting
you
here!
想不到在这儿遇见你！
即学即练
写出下列句子中fancy的词性及含义
①When
he
was
a
little
boy,
he
fancied
himself
to
be
a
superman.__v．认为，想象__
②There
is
a
good
film
at
the
cinema
this
Friday
evening.Do
you
fancy
going？__v．想要__
③I
went
to
that
fancy
restaurant
with
my
wife
yesterday,
and
the
food
there
was
really
excellent.__adj.奢华的__
单句语法填空
④(2020·湖北武汉外国语学校期中)It’s
a
nice
day!
Does
anyone
fancy
__going__(go)
for
a
walk?
⑤Tom
has
had
a
fancy
__for__
detective
stories
since
childhood.
4．brief
adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的
典型例句
To
be
brief/In
brief,
the
meeting
was
a
success.
简言之，那个会议很成功。
His
article
was
brief
and
forceful.
他的文章简洁有力。
Let’s
keep
this
conversation
brief；I
have
a
plane
to
catch.
我们长话短说吧，我还要赶飞机。
Alex
has
been
in
China
for
a
brief
visit.Surprisingly,
he
speaks
as
fluent
Chinese
as
we
natives
do.
亚历克斯来中国进行过一次短暂的访问。让人惊讶的是，他讲汉语和我们中国人讲得一样流利。
思维拓展
(1)to
be
brief简言之
in
brief简言之；一言以蔽之
make
a
brief
speech做简短的讲话
(2)briefly
adv.简略地；短暂地
名师点津
“总之”的多种表达：
in
short/all
in
all/in
a
word/in
one
word
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__To__
be
brief,
she
was
satisfied
with
the
result.
②To
being
with,
I’d
like
to
tell
__in__
brief
the
importance
of
the
work.
③I
want
to
touch
__briefly__(brief)
on
another
aspect
of
the
problem.
单句写作
④Please
tell
me
what
happened
__in
brief__(简略地)．Don’t
go
into
detail.
⑤__To
be
brief__(简言之),
we
can
visit
the
exhibition
free
of
charge.
5．branch
n．树枝；分支；支流
典型例句
The
big
fallen
branch
cut
off
the
traffic
of
the
road.
掉下来的大树枝阻断了路上的交通。
The
river
has
three
main
branches.
这条河有三条主要的支流。
Our
New
York
branch
is
dealing
with
the
matter.
我们的纽约分部正在处理这件事。
图解助记
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Our
company
has
several
__branches__(branch)
all
over
the
country.
②The
bare
__branches__(branch)
of
the
trees
were
shining
with
Christmas
lights
against
the
new-fallen
snow.
6．respect
n．&
vt.尊敬；尊重
典型例句
I
respect
his
courage
so
I
will
learn
from
him.
我敬佩他的勇气，所以我要向他学习。
(2019·天津)You
should
respect
the
views
of
others,
and
at
the
same
time
insist
on
what
you
think
is
right.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的。
Show
respect
for
those
who
are
older.
尊敬长者。
思维拓展
(1)have/show
respect
for
sb.＝respect
sb.尊敬某人
lose
one’s
respect失去某人的尊重
gain/earn/win
(one’s)
respect赢得(某人的)尊重
out
of
respect
for出于对……的尊敬
(2)respect
sb.for
sth.因某事尊重某人
(3)respect
n．方面
in
all
respects(＝in
every
respect)在各方面
(4)respects
n．敬意，问候
give
one’s
respects
to向……致候
(5)respectable
adj.体面的；令人尊敬的
(6)respectful
adj.尊重的；恭敬的
be
respectful
to
sb.尊敬某人
即学即练
单句语法填空
①People
will
respect
you
__for__
telling
the
truth
about
this.
②What
I
want
to
tell
you
is
the
deep
love
and
respect
I
have
__for__
my
parents.
③I
must
go
and
put
on
a
clean
shirt
and
make
myself
look
__respectable__(respect)．
④__In__
one
respect,
the
inventor
has
been
a
huge
success.
⑤He
behaves
in
a
__respectful__(respect)
way.
单句写作
⑥We
all
__show/have
respect
for__(尊敬)
our
teachers.
⑦New
teachers
have
to
__gain/earn/win
the
respect
of__(赢得……的尊重)
their
students.
⑧I
__respect
you
for__(因……尊重你)
your
honesty
and
kindness.
⑨__In
this
respect__
(在这个方面),
I
agree
with
what
he
said.
⑩__Out
of
respect
for__(出于对……的尊重)
the
wishes
of
her
family,
the
affair
was
not
reported
in
the
media.
句型转换
?In
school,
I
respected
teachers
and
was
friendly
with
classmates.
→In
school,
I
__showed/had
respect
for__
teachers
and
was
friendly
with
classmates.(respect
n．)
→In
school,
I
__was
respectful
to__
teachers
and
was
friendly
with
classmates.(respectful)
重
点
短
语
1．be
different
from与……不同
典型例句
He
finds
his
daughter
is
quite
different
from
what
she
was
five
years
ago.
他发现他女儿跟5年前大不一样了。
Some
children
want
to
challenge
themselves
by
learning
a
language
different
from
what
their
parents
speak
at
home.
一些孩子想学习一门不同于家中父母所讲的语言来挑战自我。
思维拓展
(1)differ
vi.不同，有区别
differ
from＝be
different
from与……不同
differ
in＝be
different
in在……方面不同
(2)difference
n．不同；区别
make
a
difference有影响，使不相同
make
some/no/little
difference
(to...)(对……)有些/没有/几乎没有作用或影响
tell
the
difference
between...and...区分……与……的差别
即学即练
单句语法填空
①People
living
in
the
city
are
__different
from__
those
in
the
countryside
in
character.
②At
first
the
English
spoken
in
England
between
about
AD
450
and
1150
was
very
different
__from__
the
English
spoken
today.
2．to
be
frank坦白说；坦率地说
典型例句
To
be
frank,
I
don’t
like
your
favorite
writer.
坦白说，我不喜欢你最喜欢的作家。
To
be
frank,
I
was
not
pleased
with
the
weather,
but
the
trip
was
pleasant.
坦白说，我对天气不满意，但旅途还是很愉快。
Frankly
speaking,
she
is
not
very
beautiful
but
very
pleasant.
坦白说，她不很漂亮，但很讨人喜欢。
思维拓展
(1)frankly
speaking坦白说；坦率地说
(2)to
be
honest＝honestly
speaking老实说
(3)to
tell
the
truth说实话
名师点津
(1)to
be
frank,
frankly
speaking，to
be
honest,
to
tell
the
truth用作插入语，通常位于句首。
(2)一些不定式短语可在句中作独立成分，表明说话人的态度。其他类似短语：
to
be
honest说实话
to
tell
you
the
truth说实话
to
be
exact确切地说
to
be
sure诚然
to
begin/start
with首先
to
make
matters
worse更糟糕的是
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__To
be__(be)
frank,
I
am
not
going
to
employ
such
a
man.
②__Frankly__(frank)
speaking,
I
have
no
faith
in
him.
单句写作
③__To
be
frank__(坦率地说),
I
think
he
is
not
suitable
for
this
position.
④It
was
challenging,
__to
be
sure__(诚然),
but
we
managed
to
finish
the
job
ahead
of
time.
⑤He
arrived
at
home
late
last
night,
11：30
__to
be
exact__(确切地说)．
⑥Our
car
ran
out
of
petrol
yesterday.__To
make
matters
worse__(更糟糕的是),
it
rained
suddenly.
3．go
off爆炸；走火；离开
典型例句
His
gun
went
off
accidentally
as
he
was
climbing
over
a
fence.
当他爬越篱笆时，他的枪不小心走火了。
To
be
frank,
he
went
off
in
such
a
great
hurry
that
we
were
worried
something
terrible
might
have
happened.
坦率地说，他如此匆匆地离开，我们担心糟糕的事情可能要发生了。
It’s
reported
that
the
bomb
went
off
at
midday.
据报道炸弹是在中午爆炸的。
思维拓展
go
after追赶；追求，谋求
go
against对……不利；违背，违反
go
ahead请吧，做吧；开始吧
go
by(时间)流逝，过去
go
down下降；落下；沉没
go
in
for参加；对……感兴趣
go
away离开
go
up(价格、温度等)上涨，上升
go
through经历，经受
go
out出去；(火或灯光等)熄灭
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I’ve
set
the
alarm
clock
to
go
__off__
at
7：30
a．m.
②When
he
turned
around,
he
saw
a
dog
going
__after__
a
duck.
③It
is
dangerous
for
the
farmers
to
go
__against__
nature.
④With
time
going
__by__，the
small
tree
he
planted
three
years
ago
grows
taller
and
taller.
⑤The
couch
potato
goes
in
__for__
all
kinds
of
TV
series.
⑥You
can’t
imagine
what
I
have
gone
__through__
these
years.
4．except
for除……之外
典型例句
Except
for
that
last
part,
I’d
say
she
passed
the
test.
我敢说她通过测试了，除了最后的那个部分。
Except
for
some
spelling
mistakes,
the
composition
is
well
written.
除了有一些拼写错误外，这篇作文写得不错。
思维拓展
except
that/when/where...除……之外
易混辨析
besides，except，except
for，except
that/when/where...
apart
from与but
besides表示一种累加关系，意思是“除了……之外还有……”。
except作介词用时，表示一种排除关系，意思是“除了……之外”。
except
for主要表示从整体中排除部分，意思是“除……之外”，所排除的情况往往不影响整体或大局。
except
that/when/where...后面要接从句，表示“除了……之外”。
apart
from作介词短语时用，意思是“除了……之外”，与except用法相似；还可作“除了……之外(还)，此外”讲，相当于in
addition
to或besides。
but作介词时，意思是“除……之外”，相当于except，通常与no，all，nobody，everything等词连用。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①—How
about
your
journey
to
Mount
Emei?
—Everything
was
wonderful
except
__that__
our
car
broke
down
twice
on
the
way.
②The
translation
is
well
done
except
__for__
a
few
small
mistakes.
③The
problem
is
anything
__but__
easy.
④There
can
be
no
knowledge
apart
__from__
practice.
⑤He
had
other
people
to
take
care
of
__besides__
me.
选词填空(besides/except/except
for/except
that/apart
from/but)
⑥We
work
every
day
__except/apart
from__
Sundays.
⑦People
choose
jobs
for
other
reasons
__besides__
money.
⑧The
weather
was
good
__except
for__
an
occasional
shower.
⑨At
that
moment
I
had
nothing
to
do
__but__
wait.
⑩The
house
is
good
__except
that__
the
rent
is
high.
?__Apart
from__
the
injuries
to
his
face
and
hands,
he
broke
both
legs.
5．set
off出发；动身；启程；使爆炸；触发；引起
典型例句
After
they
went
off,
we
set
off
for
the
West
in
a
car.
他们离开后，我们开车去了西部。
Having
said
goodbye
to
their
friends,
they
set
off
for
home.
向朋友们告别后，他们动身回家。
A
call
from
his
mother
set
off
homesickness.
妈妈的电话唤起了他的思乡之情。
In
the
Spring
Festival,
we
set
off
firecrackers
in
many
places.
春节期间，我们在许多地方燃放爆竹。
思维拓展
set
off
for...动身去……
set
aside留出(时间、金钱)；把……放到一旁
set
up设置，设立；建立，开办
set
about
(doing)
sth.着手做，开始做某事
set
down写下，记下(＝write
down)
set
out动身，启程(＋for＋地点)；开始工作(＋to
do
sth.)
set
an
example
to
sb.给某人树立榜样
be
set
in以……为背景
即学即练
写出下列句中set
off的含义
①He
proposed
to
set
off
immediately.__出发；动身__
②If
a
smoke
detector
sets
off
an
alarm
and
there
is
no
fire
or
smoke,
inform
your
hall
staff.__触发__
③Hong
Kong’s
stock
market
fell,
setting
off
a
global
financial
crisis.__引起__
④On
New
Year’s
Eve,
we
set
off
many
fireworks,
which
made
the
children
excited.__使……爆炸__
单句语法填空
⑤We
set
out
__to
paint__(paint)
the
whole
house
but
finished
only
the
front
part
that
day.
⑥If
you
want
to
catch
that
train
you’d
better
set
off
__for__
the
station
immediately.
⑦Having
cleaned
the
room,
she
set
about
__preparing__(prepare)
the
dinner.
⑧(2019·北京改编)Alice
Moore
is
a
teenager
entrepreneur(创业者),
who
in
May
2015
set
__up__
her
business
Ailie
Candy.
⑨Ralph
W．Emerson
would
always
set
__down__
new
ideas
that
occurred
to
him.
⑩(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷语法填空)The
next
morning
he
hired
a
boat
and
set
out
__to
find__(find)
the
well-known
painter.
重
点
句
型
1．After
singing
some
songs，the
competitors
danced
onto
the
green
field，waving
their
arms
in
the
air
as
if
they
were
eagles.
唱完歌曲后，选手们在绿色的场地上跳舞，在空中挥舞着胳膊，就像是老鹰一样。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是the
competitors
danced
onto
the
green
field，waving
their
arms
in
the
air是现在分词短语作伴随状语，as
if
they
were
eagles是方式状语从句。
(2)as
if
意为“好像，仿佛”，相当于as
though，在此引导方式状语从句。as
though/as
if
后面可接从句(状语从句或表语从句)、形容词、介宾短语、现在分词、动词不定式等。as
if/as
though
引导的从句常有两种情况：
①若as
if/as
though
引导的从句表示的是事实或很可能出现的情况，从句一般用陈述语气。
It
looks
as
if/as
though
our
side
is
going
to
win.
看来我方要赢了。
The
milk
smells
as
if
it
is
sour.
牛奶闻起来好像酸了。
②若as
if/as
though
引导的从句表示的是非真实情况或出现的可能性不大的情况，从句通常用虚拟语气。不同虚拟情况下从句谓语动词的形式为：
He
talks
as
if
he
knew
all
about
it.
他谈起来好像完全知道这件事似的。
He
acted
as
if
he
had
lost
the
job
yesterday.
昨天他表现得好像丢了工作一样。
即学即练
写出下列句中as
if引导的从句类型
①They
completely
ignore
these
facts
as
if
they
never
existed.__方式状语从句__
②It
looked
as
if
it
might
rain
at
any
minute.__表语从句__
单句语法填空
③Mrs
Stanley
talked
mostly
about
her
dead
husband...I
told
my
father
how
Mrs
Stanley
talked
as
if
Mr
Stanley
__were__(be)
still
alive.
④It
was
John
who
broke
the
window.Why
are
you
talking
to
me
as
if
I
__had
done__(do)
it?
⑤To
the
couple’s
great
surprise,
the
house
was
in
a
mess
as
if
__broken__(break)
into.
⑥I
don’t
know
why
she
is
looking
at
me
as
if
she
__knew__(know)
me.I’ve
never
seen
her
before.
⑦He
looked
around
in
the
playground
as
if
__looking__(look)
for
something.
2．I
heard
it
is
because
children
are
lighter
and
the
horses
can
run
faster
and
farther.
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马跑得更快更远。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是I
heard，后面是省略了that的宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含了because引导的表语从句。
(2)This/That/It
is
because...表示“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句，从句表示原因，this/that/it表示结果。
He
wouldn’t
like
to
go
out；this
is
because
he
doesn’t
feel
well.
他不想出去，这是因为他觉得不舒服。
思维拓展
This/That/It
is
why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
The
reason
why...is
that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
易混辨析
because,
why,
that引导表语从句
连接词
常用句型
例句
because
This/That/It
is
because...这/那是因为……
This
is
because
I’m
very
busy.这是因为我很忙。
why
This/That/It
is
why...这/那就是为什么……
This
is
why
I’m
very
busy.这就是为什么我很忙。
that
The/A/One
reason
(for/for
which/why...)
is
that...(……的)原因/一个原因是……
The
reason
why
I’m
busy
is
that
time
is
limited.我忙是因为时间有限。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①One
reason
for
her
preference
for
city
life
is
__that__
she
can
have
easy
access
to
places
like
shops
and
restaurants.
②The
reason
__why__
he
failed
the
English
exam
was
__that__
he
didn’t
learn
it
well.
③The
reason
__that/which__
he
explained
to
us
was
__that__
he
hadn’t
read
the
book
before.
句型转换
④He
wasn’t
admitted
into
a
key
university
because
his
grades
were
too
low.
→The
reason
__why__
he
wasn’t
admitted
into
a
key
university
was
__that__
his
grades
were
too
low.
3．They’ve
been
riding
horses
all
their
lives.
他们一生都在骑马。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是They，谓语是have
been
riding，宾语是horses。
(2)have
been
riding是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。
We
have
been
working
on
this
project
for
over
a
month
now.
到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。
名师点津
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
思维拓展
现在完成进行时和现在完成时
(1)现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：
They
have
built
a
house.(完成)
They
have
been
building
a
house.(尚未完成)
(2)现在完成进行时是由“have/has
been＋doing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。
Have
you
been
meeting
him
recently?
你最近常和他见面吗？
Have
you
met
him
recently?
你最近见到过他吗？
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。
I
have
been
waiting
for
you
for
two
hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I
have
waited
for
you
for
two
hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
(4)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。
Who
has
been
eating
these
oranges?
谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)
Who
has
eaten
these
oranges?
谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)
(5)如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。
—Why
are
you
looking
a
bit
tired?
——为什么你看起来有点儿累？
—I
have
been
cleaning
the
house.
——我一直在打扫房子。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening,
we
__have
been
trying__(try)
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful.
②We
are
waiting
for
the
new
film.We
__have
been
waiting__(wait)
here
for
more
than
two
hours.
③Dashan,
who
__has
been
learning__(learn)
crosstalk,
the
Chinese
comedic
tradition,
for
decades,
wants
to
mix
it
up
with
the
western
stand-up
tradition.
④I
__have
been
teaching__(teach)
English
for
more
than
twenty
years.
PAGEUnit
1 Festivals
and
Celebrations
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
Dragon
Boat
Festival
The
Dragon
Boat
Festival,
the
5th
day
of
the
5th
lunar
month,
has
had
a
history
of
more
than
2,000
years.
There
are
many
legends
about
the
evolution
of
the
festival,
the
most
popular
of
which
is
in
memory
of
Qu
Yuan
(340－278
BC)．In
278
BC,
he
heard
the
news
that
Qin
troops
had
finally
conquered
Chu’s
capital,
so
he
jumped
into
the
Miluo
River
and
tied
his
arms
to
a
large
stone.The
day
happened
to
be
the
5th
of
the
5th
month
in
the
Chinese
lunar
calendar.After
his
death,
the
people
of
Chu
crowded
to
the
bank
of
the
river
to
pay
their
respect
to
him.The
fishermen
sailed
their
boats
up
and
down
the
river
to
look
for
his
body.People
threw
into
the
water
zongzi
and
eggs
to
attract
possible
fish
or
shrimp.An
old
doctor
poured
a
jug
of
wine
into
the
water,
hoping
to
turn
all
aquatic
beasts
drunk.That’s
why
people
later
followed
the
customs
such
as
dragon
boat
racing,
eating
zongzi
and
drinking
wine
on
that
day.
Dragon
boat
racing
is
an
indispensable
part
of
the
festival,
held
all
over
the
country.As
the
gun
is
fired,
people
will
see
racers
in
dragon-shaped
canoes
pulling
the
oars
harmoniously
and
hurriedly,
accompanied
by
rapid
drums,
speeding
toward
their
destination.Folk
tales
say
the
game
originates
from
the
activities
of
seeking
Qu
Yuan’s
body.
In
the
following
thousands
of
years,
the
game
spread
to
Japan,
Vietnam
and
Britain
as
well
as
China’s
Taiwan
and
Hong
Kong.Now
dragon
boat
racing
has
developed
into
an
aquatic
sports
item
which
features
both
Chinese
traditional
and
modern
sporting
spirit.
In
1980,
it
was
listed
into
the
state
sports
competition
programs
and
has
since
been
held
every
year.The
award
is
called
“Qu
Yuan
Cup”.
端午节
端午节，农历五月初五，已经有两千多年的历史了。
关于这个节日的演变有很多传说，其中最流行的是为了纪念屈原(公元前340—278年)。公元前278年，他听到秦军最终攻占楚国首都的消息，便将双臂绑在一块大石头上跳进汨罗江。那天正好是农历五月初五。他死后，楚国人民纷纷涌向河岸，向他表示敬意。渔夫们乘船下河寻找他的尸体。人们把粽子和鸡蛋扔进水中，以吸引可能出现的鱼或虾。一位老医生把一壶酒倒进水中，希望把所有的水生动物都灌醉。那就是后来人们在这一天遵循赛龙舟、吃粽子、喝酒等习俗的原因。
龙舟赛是节日中不可缺少的一部分，在全国各地举行。当枪声响起时，人们会看到在龙形独木舟上的赛手们和谐而匆忙地划桨，伴随着快速的鼓声，向目的地飞驰而去。民间传说，游戏起源于寻找屈原尸体的活动。在接下来的几千年里，这场比赛蔓延到日本、越南和英国以及中国的台湾和香港。
目前，龙舟运动已发展成为一项兼具中国传统体育精神和现代体育精神的水上运动项目。1980年它被列入国家体育竞赛项目，每年举办一次。这个比赛奖品就叫“屈原杯”。
词海拾贝
1．evolution
n．进化；演变；发展；渐进
2．troops
n．军队；部队；士兵
3．aquatic
adj.水生的；水栖的；水的；水中的；水上的 n．水生动植物；水上运动
4．indispensable
adj.不可或缺的；必不可少的 n．不可缺少的人或物
5．originate
v．起源；发源；发端于；创立；创建；发明
核心素养导航
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__lantern__
n．灯笼；提灯
2．__costume__
n．(某地或某历史时期的)服装；戏装
3．__march__
vi.&n.行进；前进；示威游行
4．__congratulate__
vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→__congratulation__
n．祝贺；恭喜
5．__riddle__
n．谜语；神秘事件
6．__ceremony__
n．典礼；仪式
7．__range__
n．一系列；范围，界限
vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
8．__origin__
n．起源；起因；出身→__originate__
vi.起源→__original__
adj.原来的；最初的
n．原件；
正本；
原稿→__originally__
adv.原来；起初
9．__religion__
n．宗教；宗教信仰→__religious__
adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的
10．__figure__
n．人物；数字；身材
vt.认为；认定
11．__charm__
n．魅力；迷人的特征；咒语→__charming__adj.令人着迷的；
迷人的；
吸引人的
12．__joy__
n．高兴；喜悦→__joyful__
adj.高兴的；快乐的
13．__gratitude__
n．感激之情；感谢→__grateful__
adj.感激的；表示感谢的
14．__harvest__
n．收获季节；收获；收成
vi.&vt.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼)
15．__agriculture__
n．农业；农艺→__agricultural__
adj.农业的
16．__crop__
n．庄稼；作物；一季的收成
17．__gather__
vi.聚集；集合
vt.聚集；搜集；收割→__gatherer__
n．采集者→__gathering__
n．聚集；
聚会
18．__feature__
vt.以
……为特色
n．特色；特征；特点
19．__decorate__
vt.装饰；装潢→__decoration__
n．装饰物→__decorative__
adj.装饰的
20．__church__
n．(基督教的)教堂；礼拜堂
21．__significant__
adj.有重大意义的；显著的→__significance__
n．意义；含义；重要性
22．__fade__
vi.&
vt.逐渐消失；(使)褪色；(身体)变得虚弱
23．__typical__
adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→__typically__
adv.典型地，有代表性地；向来，一向→__type__
n．类型；种类
24．__evil__
adj.邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的
n．邪恶；罪恶；恶行
25．__commercial__
adj.商业(化)的；以获利为目的的→__commercialis(z)e__
vt.使商业化；利用……牟利
→__commercialis(z)ation__
n．商业化
26．__medium__
n．(pl,
media)媒介；手段；方法
adj.中等的；中号的
27．__reflect__
vt.显示；反映；反射→__reflection__
n．映像；思考；反映
28．__belief__
n．信仰；信心；信任→__disbelief__
n．不信；怀疑；疑惑→__believe__
vt.&
vi.相信
29．__faith__
n．宗教信仰；信任；相信→__faithful__
adj.忠实的→__faithfully__
adv.忠实地
30．__occasion__
n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．dress
(sb.)
__up__穿上盛装；装扮
2．after
__all__毕竟；别忘了
3．range
__from__...to...从……到……之间变化
4．fade
__away__逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
5．__in__
spite
of不管；
尽管
6．take
advantage
__of__利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
7．__the__
media大众传播媒介
8．have
sth.__in__
common
(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征
9．__take__place举行；发生
10．decorate...__with__...用……装饰
11．play
a
role
__in__在……中起作用
12．__with__the
development
of随着……的发展
13．drive
__away__驱赶；驱车离开
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．However，__no
matter
how__
different
they
may
seem，all
over
the
world，the
spirit
of
sharing
joy，gratitude，love，or
peace
is
common
in
all
festivals.
然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在这个世界上，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神是所有节日共有的。
2．Online
shopping
websites
and
social
media
apps
have
__made
it__
much
__easier__
for
the
public
to
spend
more
on
gifts
for
their
loved
ones.
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易为他们心爱的人花更多的钱买礼物。
3．__Although
some
believe
festivals
should
not
be
commercialised__，others
believe
the
increase
in
spending
is
good
for
the
economy
and
public
happiness.
尽管一些人认为节日不应该被商业化，但其他人认为增加消费对经济和公众幸福有益。
4．They
help
us
understand
where
we
came
from,
who
we
are,
and
__what
to
appreciate__.
它们帮助我们明白我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及我们应该感恩什么。
5．And
if
you
study
festivals
carefully，you
may
__be
surprised
to
find__
that
different
cultures
actually
have
a
lot
in
common
after
all.
如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。
Ⅳ．课文理解
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
Match
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Para
1.
A．Festivals
are
becoming
more
and
more
commercial.
Para
2.
B．Festivals
are
an
important
part
of
society.
Para
3.
C．Festivals
have
different
origins
but
the
spirit
of
sharing
is
common.
Para
4.
D．Customs
that
play
an
important
role
in
festivals
are
changing.
Para
5.
E．Harvest
festival
can
be
found
in
almost
every
culture.
答案：Para
1－5
CEDAB
二、细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．According
to
the
text,
festivals
around
the
world
share
the
spirit
of
__C__.
A．joy,
gratitude
or
religions
B．love,
peace
or
figures
C．gratitude,
peace
or
joy
D．gratitude,
seasons
or
love
2．Which
statement
is
true
about
the
harvest
festival
in
the
world？__B__
A．Every
culture
in
the
world
has
the
harvest
festival.
B．It
falls
after
all
the
crops
have
been
gathered
in.
C．It
is
celebrated
in
all
countries
during
the
springtime.
D．People
admire
the
shining
moon
on
the
festival.
3．Festivals
are
becoming
more
and
more
commercial
because
__D__.
A．the
increase
in
spending
is
good
for
the
economy
and
public
happiness
B．more
and
more
people
spend
more
money
on
gifts
for
their
loved
ones
C．online
shopping
websites
and
social
media
apps
have
been
used
D．businesses
have
taken
advantage
of
the
celebrations
and
festivals
4．What
listed
in
the
last
paragraph
mainly
tells
us
that
__B__.
A．different
cultures
actually
have
a
lot
in
common
B．festivals
play
an
important
role
in
society
C．festivals
allow
us
to
relax
and
enjoy
life
D．festivals
reflect
people’s
wishes,
beliefs
and
faiths
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．congratulation
n．祝贺；恭喜
典型例句
You’ve
passed
your
driving
test?
Congratulations!
你驾驶测验合格了？祝贺！
Congratulations
on
your
winning
the
prize!
祝贺你获奖！
We
sent
our
congratulations
to
him
on
his
winning
the
competition.
我们祝贺他在比赛中获胜。
You
should
congratulate
yourself
on
having
done
an
excellent
job.
你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
思维拓展
(1)congratulation
on
(doing)
sth.祝贺
offer/send
one’s
congratulations
to
sb.(on
sth.)(为某事)向某人表示祝贺
express/accept
one’s
congratulations表示/接受某人的祝贺
(2)congratulate
vt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪
congratulate
sb.on/upon
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事向某人祝贺
congratulate
oneself
on
sth.为某事庆贺/感到高兴
You
can
congratulate
yourself
on
having
done
a
good
job.
你的工作做得很出色，你应该为自己感到自豪。
易混辨析
congratulate,
celebrate
congratulate
庆祝，祝贺。指对某人取得的成就或喜庆之事表示祝贺，其宾语是人，表示就某事祝贺某人时，常与介词on搭配
celebrate
庆祝，庆贺。通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式来庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多暗示节日般的欢乐场面，宾语为事件
误区警示
(1)congratulation用于成功、毕业、结婚等个人庆祝活动，不用于节日致辞等。(2)表示具体的祝贺或贺词时常用复数形式，但表示抽象意义的祝贺时，一般用单数形式。
They
received
many
letters
of
congratulation.
他们收到很多祝贺信。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2019·天津单项填空改编)I
had
hoped
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
__on__
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn’t
manage
it.
②(2020·福建厦门期中)
On
arriving
there,
we
offered
our
__congratulations__
(congratulate)
to
him
__on__
his
success.
③(陕西高考单项填空改编)—I
got
that
job
I
wanted
at
the
public
library.
—__Congratulations__
(congratulate)!
That’s
good
news.
④He
sent
her
a
note
of
__congratulation__
(congratulate)
on
her
election
victory.
⑤(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)Chinese
New
Year
is
a
__celebration__(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
选词填空(congratulate/celebrate)
⑥We
always
__celebrate__
our
wedding
anniversary
by
going
out
to
dinner.
⑦She
__congratulated__
me
warmly
on
my
exam
results.
一句多译
我们祝贺你通过了高考。
⑧__Congratulations
to
you
on__
your
passing
the
College
Entrance
Examination.(congratulation)
⑨We
__offer/send
our
congratulations
to
you
on__
your
passing
the
College
Entrance
Examination.(congratulation)
⑩We
__congratulate
you
on/upon__
your
passing
the
College
Entrance
Examination.(congratulate)
2．range
n．一系列；范围，界限
vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化 vt.(按一定位置或顺序)排列
典型例句
I
have
a
wide
range
of
interests.
我有广泛的爱好。
The
animal
is
still
beyond
range
of
my
gun.
那只动物还在我的枪的射程之外。
He
has
a
number
of
interests，ranging
from
playing
chess
to
swimming.
他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。
思维拓展
(1)a
wide
range
of一系列/各种……
a
full
range
of
各种……
in/within
range(of
sth.)在射程以内，在……范围内
out
of/beyond
range(of
sth.)在射程外，在……范围外
out
of/beyond
one’s
range＝out
of/beyond
the
range
of
sb.某人能力达不到的
(2)
即学即练
写出下列句中range的词性及含义
①He
spent
a
whole
morning
ranging
his
books
on
the
shelf.__vt.(按一定位置或顺序)排列__
②(2019·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解改编)
What
is
the
age
range
required
by
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program？__n．范围，界限__
③(2020·黑龙江哈三中阶段性测试)Videos
are
usually
very
interesting
and
range
from
commercials
to
music
videos—great
for
cultural
education.__vi.包括__
单句语法填空
④There
is
a
wide
range
__of__
books
in
the
bookshop,
whose
prices
range
__from__
1
dollar
to
20
dollars.You
can
choose
books
__ranged__(range)
along
the
wall
next
to
the
door
according
to
the
writers’
names.
完成句子
⑤The
child
was
now
__out
of
her
range__
of
vision.
这孩子现在走出了她的视线。
⑥There
is
__full
range
of__
activities
for
children.
有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
3．figure
n．人物；数字；身材；人影；身影
vt.认为；认定
典型例句
I
could
see
the
figure
of
a
woman
against
the
window.
我看到一个临窗而立的女人的身影。
Yuan
Longping
is
a
leading
figure
in
the
rice
field.
在水稻领域袁隆平是领军人物。
I
figured
that
the
two
players
had
a
lot
in
common.
我认为这两名运动员有许多共同点。
Actually
he
didn’t
figure
out
what
the
teacher
said
in
class.
事实上，他不知道老师在课堂上说了什么。
In
order
to
keep
her
figure,
she
always
takes
exercise
and
has
a
healthy
diet.
为了保持身材，她总是锻炼身体并且健康饮食。
思维拓展
(1)keep
one’s
figure保持身材
(2)figure
out想出，理解；弄明白，看透
figure
on期待；
指望；依赖
figure
in...把……列入计算/考虑范围
figure
that...估计……
图解助记
即学即练
写出下列句中figure的含义
①He
was
one
of
the
great
figures
in
our
country.__人物__
②Lisa
was
very
frightened
as
she
saw
a
figure
in
the
darkness.__人影__
③It
would
be
very
nice
if
we
had
a
true
figure
of
how
many
people
in
this
country
haven’t
got
a
job.__数字__
④I
figure
that
he
was
drunk
and
shouldn’t
be
allowed
to
drive.__认为__
用含有figure的词语填空
⑤She
goes
jogging
around
the
park
every
morning
in
an
effort
to
__keep
her
figure__.
⑥I
have
__figured
in__
the
cost
of
food
and
drink
for
our
holiday.
⑦Have
you
__figured
out__
how
much
the
trip
will
cost?
4．gather
vi.聚集；集合
vt.聚集；搜集；收割
典型例句
(2019·北京高考)Most
people
believe
the
best
way
to
build
a
great
team
is
to
gather
a
group
of
the
most
talented
individuals.
大多数人认为打造一个优秀团队的最好方法就是把最有才华的一群人聚在一起。
We
will
gather
at
the
school
gate
at
8
am
to
enjoy
a
wide
range
of
flowers
in
the
garden.
我们将在上午8点在校门口集合去欣赏花园里各种各样的花。
Give
me
a
moment
to
gather
my
notes
together.
给我些时间整理一下笔记。
The
harvest
has
been
safely
gathered
in.
庄稼已妥善收获完毕。
思维拓展
gather
(a)round
聚拢
gather
up采集，收集
gather
in收割
gather
one’s
courage鼓起勇气
gather
speed/force加快速度/加大力量
gather
together
聚在一起
gather
sth.up/together
收拢分散的东西
易混辨析
gather，collect
gather
“集合，聚集”，指从各处聚集而来
collect
指有目的地选择并系统地收集，侧重于“精心地、有选择地收集”
I
like
gathering
while
my
younger
sister
likes
collecting
stamps.
我喜欢聚会，而我妹妹喜欢集邮。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He
gathered
__up__
the
books
and
put
them
away.
②Gathering
__round/around__
the
fire,
the
tourists
danced
with
the
local
people.
③When
all
the
crops
are
safely
gathered
__in__，the
farmers
can
rest.
单句写作
④We
__gather
up__(采集)
from
various
sources
a
great
amount
of
first-hand
data.
⑤After
all,
he
had
to
__gather
his
courage__(鼓起勇气)
to
express
his
love
to
the
girl.
⑥Can
you
all
__gather
round/around__(聚过来)?
I’ve
got
something
to
tell
you.
选词填空(gather/collect)
⑦They
are
__collecting__
this
material
at
the
points
of
origin.
⑧__Gather__
around,
everyone,
so
that
you
can
see
the
screen.
5．grateful
adj.感激的；表示感谢的
典型例句
(2019·天津高考)Erin
had
gone
beyond
what
almost
anyone
would
have
done,
finding
my
house
on
a
bitterly
cold
night,
and
for
that
I
was
extremely
grateful.
Erin所做的已经超出了几乎任何人都会做的事情，在一个寒冷的夜晚找到我的家(还给我钱包)，为此我深表感激。
I
would
be
very
grateful
if
you
could
help
me
gather
some
advice
about
how
to
learn
English.
如果你能帮助我收集一些关于怎样学英语的建议我将非常感激。
I’m
so
grateful
to
you
for
all
that
you’ve
done.
因为你所做的一切我对你非常感激。
She
should
be
grateful
that
he
was
making
things
easier
for
her.
她应该感激他使她的事情变得更容易了。
思维拓展
(1)be
grateful
to
sb.for
sth.因为某事对某人感激
be
grateful＋that从句
感激……，感谢……
a
grateful
letter感谢信
(2)gratefully
adv.感激地
(3)gratitude
n．感激，感谢
名师点津
grateful的同义用法
I
would
be
grateful
if...＝I
would
appreciate
it
if...
be
grateful＋that从句＝be
thankful＋that从句
gratefully＝thankfully
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(安徽高考单项填空改编)I’m
so
grateful
__to__
all
those
volunteers
because
they
helped
my
terrible
day
end
happily.
②We’d
like
to
invite
you
to
the
exhibition.We
would
be
grateful
__if__
you
could
join
us
that
day.
③She
was
so
grateful
__for__
my
help
that
she
gave
me
a
big
hug
when
I
was
going
to
leave.
单句写作
④After
the
costume
party
they
sent
us
__a
grateful
letter__(一封感谢信)．
⑤I
__am
grateful
to
you
for__(因……对你表示感激)
your
help
when
I’m
in
trouble.
6．decorate
vt.装饰；装潢
典型例句
We
decorated
the
Christmas
tree
with
lights.
我们用灯来装饰圣诞树。
I’m
going
to
decorate
the
bathroom
next.
接下来我要装修浴室。
思维拓展
(1)decorate...with...用……装饰……
be
decorated
with装饰着……
(2)decoration
n．装饰；装饰品
a
table
decoration餐桌装饰物
误区警示
decorate
不接双宾语，而采用decorate
sth.with
sth.结构。
The
wall
was
decorated
with
some
pictures.
墙上装饰着几幅画。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①We
decorated
the
dragon
boat
__with__
pictures
of
all
kinds
of
animals.
②With
its
simple
__decoration__(decorate),
the
main
bedroom
becomes
a
peaceful
place.
③On
their
wedding
day,
their
new
flat
was
__decorated__(decorate)
with
fresh
flowers
and
balloons.
单句写作
④They
__decorated__
the
apartment
__with__(用……装饰)
streamers
and
party
lights.
⑤All
the
streets
__are/were
decorated
with__(装饰有)
colourful
flags
to
celebrate
the
National
Day.
7．significant
adj.有重大意义的；显著的
典型例句
Your
success
today
may
be
significant
for
your
whole
future.
你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能是重要的。
He
gave
her
a
significant
look.
他意味深长地看了她一眼。
思维拓展
(1)It
is
significant
that...……很重要。
a
significant
difference
between...and...……和……有明显差别
be
significant＝be
of
significance重要的
(2)significance
n．重要性，意义
be
of
significance
to...＝be
significant
to...对……重要
attach(great/little)
importance/significance
to认为……(很/几乎不)重要
the
significance
of...……的重要性
(3)significantly
adv.有重大意义，显著地
It’s
significant
that
people
attach
greater
significance
to
taking
regular
exercise.
很明显人们更加重视有规律的锻炼。
The
factor
is
of
great
significance
to
the
success
of
the
project.
这个因素对那项工程的成功来说是很重要的。
I
think
I
have
come
to
understand
the
significance
of
your
work.
我想我已渐渐了解了你的工作的意义。
The
country’s
economic
strength
has
increased
significantly.
这个国家的经济实力已经明显增强。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Penicillin
was
an
extrenmely
__significant__(significance)
medical
discovery.
②Eating
a
good
diet
__significantly__(significant)
can
lessen
the
risk
of
heart
disease.
③Most
students
think
it
important
to
join
the
English
corner,
though
a
few
haven’t
realized
the
__significance__
(significant)
of
it.
单句写作
④A
theory,
however
good
it
is,
is
__of
no
significance__(没有意义)
without
being
put
into
practice.
8．typical
adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的
典型例句
This
advertisement
is
a
typical
example
of
their
marketing
strategy.
这则广告是他们营销策略的一个典型例子。
This
sort
of
hot
and
spicy
food
is
very
typical
of
the
food
in
the
south
of
the
country.
这种辣味食物在这个国家的南方非常具有代表性。
Jack
is
late
again.It
is
typical
of
him
to
keep
others
waiting.
杰克又迟到了。他一向让别人等。
思维拓展
(1)be
typical
of
sb./sth.是……的典型
It
is
typical
of
sb.to
do
sth.做某事是某人特有的做法；某人经常做某事
typically
adv.典型地；一般地
名师点津
短语be
typical
of
sb./sth.和句型“It
is
typical
of
sb.to
do
sth.”中的of都不能换成介词for。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It
is
typical
of
TIm
__to
let__(let)
others
wait
for
him.
②The
woman
she
acted
in
the
film
is
typical
__of__
the
women
in
the
1930s.
③The
factory
__typically__(typical)
produces
500
chairs
a
week.
单句写作
④The
view
__is
very
typical
of__(很有代表性)
the
people
of
his
generation.
⑤__It
is
typical
of
her__(她的一贯作风)
to
get
straight
to
the
point.
9．reflect
vt.显示；反映；反射；思考
典型例句
I
have
been
reflecting
on
the
matter.
我一直在思考这个问题。
His
face
was
reflected
in
the
mirror.
他的脸映照在镜子里。
The
drop
in
consumer
spending
reflects
concern
about
the
economy.
消费者消费的下降显示了对经济的担心。
思维拓展
(1)reflect
on/upon思考；反思
reflect
back反射；把……如实地反映出
reflect
from从……反射出
reflect
in在……中反射出来；在……中反映出来
reflect
deeply/seriously深思/认真思考
(2)reflection
n．反射；反照；反映；映像；倒影；沉思
be
lost
in
reflection陷入沉思中
on
reflection经过慎重的思考
without
reflection未经考虑
reflective
adj.反射的；沉思的
reflector
n．反射器，反射镜
图解助记
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Sean’s
strong
love
for
his
country
__is
reflected__
(reflect)
in
his
recently
published
poems.
②We
should
reflect
__on__
the
likely
reactions
of
the
market
before
we
act.
③Usually
a
child’s
behaviour
is
a
__reflection__(reflect)
of
his
family
environment.
单句写作
④In
my
view,
the
manager
had
enough
time
to
__reflect
on__(反思)
his
failure.
⑤You
should
__reflect
seriously
on__
(认真思考)
what
you
are
to
do
in
the
future.
完成句子
⑥He
looked
at
his
face
__reflected
in__
the
mirror.
他看着镜子中自己的脸。
⑦The
heat
__reflected
from__
the
white
sand
formed
a
mirage.
热气经白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。
⑧I
need
time
to
__reflect
on__
your
offer.
我需要时间来考虑你的建议。
10．belief
n．信仰；信心；信任
典型例句
There
is
a
general
belief
that
things
will
soon
get
better.
大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。
The
players
all
have
belief
in
their
coach.
队员们都相信他们的教练。
It
is
my
belief
that
he
will
win
the
game.＝My
belief
is
that
he
will
win
the
game.
我认为他会赢得这场比赛。
思维拓展
(1)beyond
belief令人难以置信
have
belief
in...信任……；怀有……信念
have/hold
the
belief
that...相信……；怀有/持有……信念(that引导同位语从句，that不能省略)
lose
belief
in...失去对……的信心
It’s
one’s
belief
that...＝One’s
belief
is
that...某人认为……
(2)disbelief
n．[U]不信，怀疑
in
disbelief怀疑地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(浙江高考单项填空改编)The
only
way
to
succeed
at
the
highest
level
is
to
have
total
belief
__that__
you
are
better
than
anyone
else
on
the
sports
field.
②I
have
a
firm
belief
__in__
the
power
of
communication,
which
can
smooth
away(消除)
misunderstandings.
③The
city
has
changed
a
lot
in
such
a
short
time.It
is
__beyond__
belief.
④In
the
times
of
the
emperors,
the
formality
with
in
the
Forbidden
city
was
right
beyond
__belief__(believe)．
⑤It
is
my
belief
__that__
we
can
rely
on
ourselves
to
solve
the
problem.
⑥He
listened
in
__disbelief__(belief)
to
this
extraordinary
story.
单句写作
⑦He
is
very
reliable.I
__have
belief
in__(相信)
him.
11．faith
n．宗教信仰；信任；相信
典型例句
Having
faith
in
the
masses
is
the
requirement
by
government.
相信群众是对政府的要求。
Under
no
circumstance
shall
we
lose
faith
in
the
future.
在任何情况下，我们都不该对未来失去信心。
Faith
can
move
mountains.
[谚]精诚所至，金石为开。
思维拓展
(1)have
faith
in...信任……，对……有信心
lose
faith
in...对……失去信心/信任
(2)faithful
adj.忠实的，忠诚的(＝loyal)
be
faithful
to...对……忠诚，忠于……
(3)faithfully
adv.忠诚地，忠实地
(4)faithless
adj.不忠诚的，不可信赖的
即学即练
用faith的适当形式填空
①Have
__faith__
in
yourself,
be
__faithful__
to
your
work
and
__faithfully__
live
up
to
your
promise,
and
then
you
are
sure
to
succeed.
完成句子
②(2020·广西玉林期末)I
believe
that
our
dreams
can
come
true
if
we
__have
faith
in__
ourselves
and
keep
learning
and
working.
如果我们对自己有信心并不断学习和工作，我相信我们的梦想可以成真。
③I
would
rather
read
the
novel
again
than
see
the
movie
in
the
cinema,
for
the
latter
can
hardly
__be
faithful/loyal
to__
the
original
work.
我宁愿再读一遍小说也不愿意到电影院去看电影，因为后者几乎没有忠实于原著。
12．occasion
n．特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会
典型例句
On
one
occasion，she
called
me
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
有一次她深更半夜打电话给我。
The
Mid-Autumn
Festival
is
important
because
it
is
a
special
occasion
for
family
reunion.
中秋节之所以重要是因为它是阖家团聚的特殊日子。
This
was
the
occasion
for
expressions
of
friendship
by
the
two
presidents.
这是两位总统表达友谊的时机。
思维拓展
(1)on
occasion有时，偶尔
on
one
occasion曾经
on
this/that
occasion在这种/那种情况下
on
the
occasion
of在……之际
if
the
occasion
arises(＝if
it
becomes
necessary)如有必要
(2)occasional
adj.偶尔的，偶然的
occasionally
adv.有时，偶尔
名师点津
当occasion表示“机会，时间”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用when；当occasion表示“场合”，作先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用where。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__On__
this
occasion,
he
got
a
chance
to
go
backstage
to
meet
the
actors.
②Occasions
are
quite
rare
__when__
I
have
the
time
to
spend
a
day
with
my
kids.
③I
still
remember
the
occasion
__where__
I
first
met
him.
④He
made
__occasional__(occasion)
visits
to
the
cinema.
⑤__Occasionally__(occasional)
she
would
go
to
an
exhibition
of
Chinese
paintings.
单句写作
⑥The
artist
will
design
posters
for
films
__on
occasion__(有时)．
⑦He
was
presented
with
the
watch
__on
the
occasion
of__(在……之际)
his
retirement.
⑧She
shouldn’t
have
said
such
rude
words
__on
that
occasion__(在那种情况下)．
重
点
短
语
1．dress
(sb.)
up
穿上盛装；装扮
典型例句
Joanna
had
obviously
made
an
effort
to
dress
up
for
the
occasion.
乔安娜为参加这次活动显然精心打扮了一番。
She
was
busy
dressing
up
when
we
arrived.
我们到的时候她正忙着打扮。
He
dressed
himself
up
as
a
prince.
他把自己装扮成一名王子。
思维拓展
(1)dress
(sb.)
up
as...(把某人)打扮/装扮成
dress
sth.up
装饰某物
(2)dress
vt.(给某人)穿衣服 vi.穿衣服；穿正式服装 n．[U]衣服；[C]连衣裙
dress
sb./oneself
in...给某人/自己穿……的服装
(3)dressed
adj.穿着衣服的；穿着……衣服的
be
dressed
in穿着……(后可接表示服装或颜色的词，表示一种状态；常用形容词短语dressed
in作状语、定语或补语)
巧学妙记
图形助记dress的用法：
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He
dressed
up
__as__
a
hunter
for
the
party.
②She
is
usually
dressed
__in__
red,
which
makes
her
look
more
energetic.
单句写作
③You
don’t
need
to
__dress
up__(穿正装)
to
go
to
the
gathering—jeans
and
a
T-shirt
are
fine.
④The
mother
is
__dressing
her
baby
up__(给她的宝宝穿衣服)．
⑤He
went
to
the
bedroom
to
__get
dressed__
(穿好衣服)．
2．after
all毕竟；别忘了
典型例句
It’s
not
surprising
that
the
boy
has
got
a
stomachache.After
all,
he
ate
too
much.
那个男孩胃痛并不令人惊讶。毕竟，他吃太多了。
I’m
so
sorry
and
I
can’t
go
with
you
after
all.
非常对不起，我终究还是不能和你一起去。
思维拓展
at
all根本；完全
not
at
all一点也不
in
all总共，共计
above
all首先，最重要的是(强调诸多事物中最重要的)
first
of
all首先(强调次序)
all
in
all总的来说
即学即练
选词填空(after
all/first
of
all/above
all/all
in
all)
①I
am
glad
to
join
you
in
playing
this
game,
but
__first
of
all__
please
allow
me
to
introduce
myself
to
you.
②The
opening
ceremony
wasn’t
so
perfect,
but
__all
in
all__
I
considered
it
a
success.
③(2018·天津单项填空改编)Bob
thought
he
couldn’t
go
to
the
party
because
he
had
to
write
a
report,
but
he
went
__after
all__.
④You
shouldn’t
have
scolded(责备)
the
boy.__After
all__，he
made
only
one
mistake.__Above
all__，he
is
just
a
5-year-old
child.
完成句子
⑤He
longs
__above
all__
to
see
his
family
again.
他尤其渴望再见到家人。
⑥__First
of
all__，let
them
introduce
themselves
to
us.
首先，让他们向我们做自我介绍。
⑦__All
in
all__，he
didn’t
agree
with
what
his
son
said.
总之，他没同意他儿子所说的话。
⑧He
has
done
it
well.__After
all__，he
is
only
a
learner.
这件事他做得很好了，毕竟，他只是个初学者。
3．fade
away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
典型例句
Then
those
memories
will
not
fade
away
within
a
short
period.
那么这些记忆就不会在短期内消失。
If
you
don’t
start
eating
properly
you’re
going
to
fade
away.
你如果不开始合理进食，身体就会衰弱下去。
思维拓展
fade
in(画面)淡入，渐显；(声音)渐强
fade
out(画面)淡出，渐隐；(声音)渐弱
fade
into渐渐融入于……
fade
away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱
fade
up逐渐增强
fade
from从……逐渐消失
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
coastline
faded
__into__
darkness.
②He
felt
like
picking
up
his
studies
again,
but
in
the
days
that
followed,
this
idea
faded
__away__.
③In
virtual
reality,
the
memory
of
the
reality
will
fade
__from__
the
user’s
mind.
单句写作
④With
the
development
of
society,
some
traditions
__fade
away__.(逐渐消失)
4．in
spite
of不管；
尽管
典型例句
He
reached
his
goals
in
spite
of
his
disability.
尽管他有残疾，他还是实现了他的目标。
In
spite
of
his
old
age，he
still
lives
an
active
life.
尽管他年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
They
went
swimming
in
spite
of
all
the
danger
signs.
他们无视那些危险告示牌，还是去游泳了。
思维拓展
despite＝in
spite
of尽管
despite
the
fact
that不管……
regardless
of不顾，不惜
The
law
requires
equal
treatment
for
all,
regardless
of
race,
religion,
or
sex.
这一法律要求公平对待每一个人，不管种族、宗教信仰或性别。
误区警示
in
spite
of，regardless
of，despite是(短语)介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，不能引导从句。
引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”的连词有although，though，as(引导倒装句)。
名师点津
“in
spite
of/despite＋n.”相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。
尽管交通拥挤，他还是设法准时到达了。
In
spite
of/Despite
the
heavy
traffic,
he
managed
to
arrive
on
time.
Although/Though
the
traffic
was
heavy,
he
managed
to
arrive
on
time.
即学即练
单句写作
①__In
spite
of__(尽管)
his
old
age,
he
was
still
fit
enough
to
cycle
20
kilometres
in
an
afternoon.
②__Regardless
of__(不管)
danger,
he
climbed
the
tower.
同义句转换
③In
spite
of
the
heavy
rain,
we
went
shopping
yesterday.
→__Regardless
of/Despite
the
heavy
rain__，we
went
shopping
yesterday.(介词短语)
→__Though/Although
it
rained
heavily__，we
went
shopping
yesterday.(状语从句)
5．take
advantage
of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
典型例句
You
should
take
advantage
of
the
fine
weather
to
go
for
a
walk
in
the
countryside.
你应该利用这好天气去乡下走一走。
I’m
going
to
take
advantage
of
this
tour
to
explore
the
history
of
the
castle.
我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。
思维拓展
(1)表示“充分利用”的短语：
make
the
most
of
make
the
best
of
make
good/full
use
of
take
full
advantage
of
(2)与advantage相关的其他短语：
have
the/an
advantage
over胜过，优于
be
at
an
advantage占优势
to
sb.’s
advantage对某人有利
have
the
advantage
of具有……的有利条件
She
had
the
advantage
of
a
good
education.
她具有受过良好教育的有利条件。
You
will
be
at
an
advantage
if
you
have
thought
about
the
interview
questions
in
advance.
如果你预先考虑过面试的问题，你就会占优势。
It’ll
be
to
your
advantage
to
study
abroad.
出国留学会对你有利。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①We
should
take
advantage
__of__
every
chance
to
practise
our
spoken
English.
②The
situation
is
clearly
__to__
our
advantage.
③The
members
of
our
team
are
more
experienced
and
we
have
an
advantage
__over__
their
team.
完成句子
④In
my
opinion,
this
agreement
is
__to
their
advantage__.
依我看，这项协议对他们有利。
⑤Rick
__has
the/an
advantage
over__
you
since
he
can
speak
German.
里克比你占优势，因为他会讲德语。
⑥Parents
should
actively
urge
their
children
to
__take
advantage
of__
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
家长应积极督促孩子利用这次机会加入运动队。
⑦The
hotel
is
not
very
modern,
but
it
does
__have
the
advantage
of__
being
close
to
the
city
centre.
那家旅馆不是很现代化，但是它的确有一个优点就是离市中心近。
6．have
sth.in
common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征
典型例句
To
my
surprise,
I
found
I
had
a
lot
in
common
with
this
stranger.
让我惊奇的是，我和这个陌生人有许多共同之处。
I
have
nothing
in
common
with
Jane!
我和简毫无共同之处！
思维拓展
have
a
lot/much/a
great
deal
in
common
with与……有很多共同之处
have
nothing/little
in
common
with
与……没有/很少有共同之处
in
common共有；共同
in
common
with与……一样
common
sense常识
In
common
with
many
others,
she
often
reflects
her
behavior.
和许多人一样，她经常反思她的所作所为。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏泰州模考)—He
is
so
delighted
to
make
friends
with
Johnson.
—Oh,
I
see.That’s
because
they
have
much
__in__
common.
②(全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五改编)Campers(野营者),
in
my
eyes,
were
people
who
enjoyed
insect
bites,
ill-cooked
meals,
and
uncomfortable
sleeping
bags.They
had
nothing
in
common
__with__
me.
完成句子
③The
two
games
__have
much/a
lot
in
common__.
这两项比赛有很多共同点。
④I
found
I
__had
nothing
in
common
with__
these
people.
我发现我和这些人没有相同之处。
⑤__In
common
with__
a
lot
of
other
countries,
we’re
mainly
developing
economy.
和许多其他国家一样，我们主要在发展经济。
重
点
句
型
1．However，no
matter
how
different
they
may
seem，all
over
the
world，the
spirit
of
sharing
joy，gratitude，love，or
peace
is
common
in
all
festivals.
然而，无论它们看起来多么不同，在这个世界上，分享快乐、感恩、爱或和平的精神是所有节日共有的。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。no
matter
how
different
they
may
seem是让步状语从句；the
spirit
of
sharing
joy，gratitude，love，or
peace
is
common
in
all
festivals是主句，是主系表结构。
(2)句首的However是副词，意为“但是；不过；然而”。however作此用法时，可置于句首、句中或句末，但必须与句子的其他成分用逗号分隔开来。
(3)句中no
matter
how引导让步状语从句，表示“无论如何”“不管怎样”，可替换为however。
思维拓展
“疑问词＋-ever”引导的从句：
(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no
matter
when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no
matter
what/who/which/whom。
(3)“no
matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
However(＝No
matter
how)
hard
you
shout，Granny
won’t
be
able
to
hear
you.
不管你叫得多响，奶奶都听不到你的声音。
Sailing
in
rough
weather
can
be
very
unpleasant.However，we
found
it
exciting.
天气不好的时候航行很可能不畅快。然而，我们却觉得很刺激。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①No
matter
__what__
you
may
do,
do
it
well.
②No
matter
__how__
carefully
I
explained,
she
still
didn’t
understand.
③No
matter
__where__
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak,
they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
单句写作
④__However/No
matter
how
hard
you
try__(不管你怎么努力尝试),
it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
⑤We
promise
__whoever
attends
the
party__(任何参加晚会的人)
a
chance
to
have
a
photo
taken
with
the
movie
star.
⑥Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.__Whatever
you
can
do__(无论你能做什么)
helps.
⑦__Wherever/No
matter
where
she
goes__(无论她去哪里),
there
are
crowds
of
people
waiting
to
see
her.
句型转换
⑧Every
year，whoever
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite,
he
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
→Every
year，__no
matter
who__
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
⑨Whatever
happens，I
will
stand
by
you.
→__No
matter
what__
happens，I
will
stand
by
you.
⑩No
matter
who
breaks
the
law，he
should
be
punished.
→__Whoever__
breaks
the
law
should
be
punished.
2．Online
shopping
websites
and
social
media
apps
have
made
it
much
easier
for
the
public
to
spend
more
on
gifts
for
their
loved
ones.
在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易为他们心爱的人花更多的钱买礼物。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Online
shopping
websites
and
social
media
apps，谓语是have
made，it是形式宾语，easier是宾语补足语，to
spend
more
on
gifts
for
their
loved
ones是真正的宾语。
(2)“动词＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构：
①能用于上述结构的动词有make，think，find，believe，feel，consider；
②宾补的两种常见形式：形容词、名词(词组)；
③真正的宾语的常见形式：不定式(短语)、v.-ing(短语)、宾语从句。用v.-ing(短语)作真正的宾语时，宾补通常是no
use，no
good，fun等；
④当真正的宾语为不定式时，不定式可有自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语用for引出。该结构中的“形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”有时可改写为宾语从句。
I
feel
it
our
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.
我认为保护环境是我们的责任。
No
matter
where
he
is，he
makes
it
a
rule
to
go
for
a
walk
before
breakfast.
无论他在哪儿，他都习惯在早餐前散步。
He
made
it
clear
that
he
wanted
me
to
stay
for
another
week.
他清楚地表示他希望我能再待一周。
I
feel
it
no
use
quarreling
with
him
about
it.
我认为为这事和他争吵没什么用。
It
was
the
culture，rather
than
the
language，that
made
it
hard
for
him
to
adapt
to
the
new
environment
abroad.
是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
I
can
understand
why
astronauts
find
it
difficult
to
readjust
to
life
on
earth.
→I
can
understand
why
astronauts
find
that
it
is
difficult
to
readjust
to
life
on
earth.
我能够理解为什么宇航员觉得重新适应地球上的生活不容易了。
名师点津
“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for
sb./sth.)
to
do
sth.”结构在高考中常考查it作形式宾语的用法及宾补后面的非谓语动词的形式。在英语中形式主语和形式宾语只有it可以充当，其他词没有此用法。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
think
__it__
very
important
that
we
take
part
in
the
discussion.
②I
would
appreciate
__it__，to
be
frank,
if
you
could
lend
me
a
hand.
③As
a
doctor,
I
consider
it
my
duty
__to
cure__(cure)
the
patients
of
their
diseases.
④(2020·四川成都外国语学校高一月考)I
don’t
think
__it__
possible
to
master
a
foreign
language
without
much
memory
work.
⑤(2019·江苏卷)The
big
brains
make
__it__
harder
for
the
body
to
move
around
and
consume
more
energy.
⑥I
think
it
no
use
__arguing__(argue)
with
him.He
is
really
stubborn.
单句写作
⑦We
__found
it
possible__(发现这是可能的)
to
rid
people
of
the
disease
when
it
spread.
⑧Lin
Qiaozhi
__considered
it
her
duty__(把……当作她的责任)
to
deliver
babies
for
poor
families.
⑨He
__made
it
clear__(明确表示了)
what
he
intended
to
do.
⑩The
young
college
graduate
considers
it
his
responsibility
__to
support
his
family__(供养他的家庭)．
3．Although
some
believe
festivals
should
not
be
commercialised,
others
believe
the
increase
in
spending
is
good
for
the
economy
and
public
happiness.
尽管一些人认为节日不应该被商业化，但其他人认为增加消费对经济和公众幸福有益。
(1)句式分析：本句是含有Although引导的让步状语从句的复合句，主句中believe后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句且宾语从句的主语为the
increase
in
spending。
(2)although引导的让步状语从句
although意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，通常可以和though互换。注意although/though不能与but连用，但可以与yet或still等连用；在although或though引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be。
Although/Though
the
job
takes
a
significant
amount
of
time,
most
students
agree
that
the
experience
is
worth
it.
尽管这份工作会花大量的时间，但是大部分学生都认为这个经历是值得的。
Although/Though(he
is)
very
old,
yet
he
is
quite
strong.
他虽然年纪大了，但身体很健壮。
易混辨析
although，though，as，while
although
意为“虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句时，从句用正常语序Although
they
are
poor,
they
are
very
happy.他们虽然穷，但很快乐。
though
用来引导让步状语从句时，从句用正常语序和倒装语序均可；用倒装语序时，作表语的名词或形容词要提前，且可数名词单数前的冠词要去掉Young
though
he
is,
he
is
quite
experienced.他虽然年轻，但很有经验。40-year-old
woman
though
she
is,
she
still
plans
to
compete.尽管已经40岁了，她仍然打算参加比赛。
as
引导让步状语从句时，从句需用倒装语序，通常把作表语的形容词或名词提前，且可数名词单数前的冠词要省略。有时也可以把动词原形或副词提前Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.他虽然是个孩子，却知道很多东西。Difficult
as
the
task
was,
they
managed
to
finish
it
on
time.虽然那项任务很难，他们还是设法按时完成了。Try
as
he
might,
he
couldn’t
open
the
door.他用尽了办法也没能打开门。Much
as
I
like
it,
I
won’t
buy
it.我虽然很喜欢它，但不会买。
while
意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，较正式。常位于句首While
I
like
the
colour,
I
don’t
like
the
shape.我虽然喜欢那个颜色，但不喜欢那个形状。
即学即练
选词填空(although/though/as/while)
①(2020·山东烟台校级月考)__Although/Though/While__
soft
robotics
is
still
in
its
early
stage,
it
holds
great
promise
for
several
applications,
such
as
search
and
rescue
operations
and
exploration.
解析：句意：尽管软机器人技术仍处于初级阶段，但它在搜救行动和探测等多方面都有广阔的应用前景。
②I
don’t
really
like
the
author,
__although/though__
I
have
to
admit
his
books
are
very
interesting.
③Hot
__though/as__
it
was,
we
had
a
sound
sleep
because
we
were
so
tired
after
a
long
journey.
完成句子
④After
a
six-hour
trip,
we
arrived
at
my
grandparents’
house.__Tired
as/though
I
was__，I
was
happy
to
see
my
grandparents,
whom
I
hadn’t
seen
for
a
long
time.(倒装语序)
经过6个小时的旅行，我们到达了祖父母家。虽然我很累，但我很高兴看到我的祖父母，我很久没有见到他们了。
⑤(全国Ⅰ卷短文改错改编)__Although/Though/While
not
very
big__，the
restaurant
is
popular
in
our
area.(省略句式)
虽然不是很大，但这家餐饮在我们地区很受欢迎。
一句多译
厨房虽小，但设计巧妙。
⑥__Although/Though/While
the
kitchen
is
small或Small
as/though
the
kitchen
is__，it
is
well
designed.
⑦The
kitchen
is
well
designed,
__although/though
it
is
small__.
4．They
help
us
understand
where
we
came
from,
who
we
are,
and
what
to
appreciate.
它们帮助我们明白我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及我们应该感恩什么。
(1)句式分析：本句中where
we
came
from,
who
we
are以及what
to
appreciate在句中作并列宾语。
(2)“疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构
①常见的疑问词：疑问代词who，what(无选择范围)，which(有选择范围)和疑问副词how，when，where。
②语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
③作主语时谓语动词的数：一般用单数形式。
④注意：疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表被动含义。
⑤“疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构，相当于一个名词性从句。
When
to
do
the
tests
in
the
lab(＝When
we
can
do
the
tests
in
the
lab)
is
necessary
to
check.
何时在实验室里进行这些测试是有必要核实的。(作主语)
I’m
hesitating
about
whether
to
accept
your
invitation(＝whether
I’ll
accept
your
invitation)
or
not.
我在犹豫是否接受你的邀请。(作宾语)
The
problem
is
where
to
put
this
computer(＝where
we
should
put
this
computer)．
问题是(我们)该把这台计算机放在哪儿。(作表语)
I
have
no
idea
what
to
say
about
this(＝what
I
can
say
about
this)．
我不知道对此能说些什么。(作同位语)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2020·黑龙江哈三中期中)There
was
an
awkward
moment
when
she
didn’t
know
whether
__to
shake__(shake)
his
hand
or
kiss
his
cheek.
②(2018·全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解改编)The
key
to
successful
small
talk
is
learning
__how__
to
connect
with
others,
not
just
communicate
with
them.
③(2020·安徽合肥期中)It
took
a
long
time
for
my
wife
to
make
her
decision
about
__what__
to
wear
and
we
left
our
house
a
little
late.
④Having
discussed
for
a
whole
night,
we
still
couldn’t
agree
on
__when__
to
start
and
__where__
to
go
for
the
coming
holiday.
⑤For
my
friend
Jack,
where
to
live
__is__(be)
still
a
problem
at
present.
用“疑问词＋不定式”结构改写下面句子
⑥When
we
will
decorate
the
house
hasn’t
been
decided.
__When
to
decorate
the
house
hasn’t
been
decided.__
5．And
if
you
study
festivals
carefully，you
may
be
surprised
to
find
that
different
cultures
actually
have
a
lot
in
common
after
all.
如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现不同的文化其实有很多共同点。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是you
may
be
surprised
to
find，前面是if引导的条件状语从句，后面是that引导的宾语从句。句中不定式短语to
find...
作原因状语。
(2)不定式短语作原因状语用法浅析：
①形容词多是表示情感、感觉或心理活动的happy,
pleased,
surprised
等；
②不定式的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，若不是，则在不定式前加上其自身的主语；如果强调不定式动作先于谓语动作或谓语所表示的状态，则不定式用完成式。
We
are
very
happy
to
cooperate
with
you
in
this
project.
在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。
He
is
very
glad
for
his
son
to
have
made
such
great
progress.
儿子取得了非常大的进步，他高兴极了。
Anxious
to
know
the
exam
result,
I
went
to
school
early.
由于急于知道考试结果，我早早就去了学校。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Her
parents
were
so
pleased
__to
get__
(get)
the
news
that
she
won
the
prize.
②We
shall
be
very
happy
__to
accept__(accept)
your
invitation.
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