18.备战高考读写综合概要写作之记叙文（教师版+学生版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考概要写作之记叙文
)
（一）概要写作题型解读
By
summary,
we
mean
a
brief
restatement,
in
your
own
words,
of
the
content
of
a
passage,
an
article.
1、原文材料350词左右，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2、在正确理解文章的基础上,
在不改变原文中心思想的前提下用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点
3、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。
（二）概要写作的要点
1.
简要性（Conciseness）：Omit
unnecessary
details
like
examples,
explanations
and
other
unimportant
information.
2.
完整性（Completeness）：To
include
all
the
main
and
supporting
points
delivered
in
you
own
words
in
a
condensed
manner.
3.
准确性（Accuracy）：To
give
the
same
attention
and
stress
to
the
points
as
the
author
does.
4.
连贯性（Coherence）：Rather
than
an
outline
listed
as
key
words
and
phrases,
a
summary
is
a
paragraph
with
necessary
transitions
and
function
structures
to
make
it
flow.
5.
客观性（Objectivity）：Do
not
include
your
own
ideas
or
emotions
on
the
topic.
The
summary
should
reflect
the
content
of
the
original
passage
only.
（三）概要写作的步骤
1.
Skim
the
text
to
find
out
the
general
theme.
快读原文，明确主题
2.
Analyze
the
text’s
structure
to
divide
it
into
several
sections,
find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
section
and
write
it
out
briefly
with
your
own
words.
(one
sentence)
划分各段，找出要点
3.
Write
down
the
key
supporting
points
for
each
main
idea
without
minor
details.
抓重点，去枝节
4.
Organize
the
main
and
related
supporting
points
in
a
logical
order
with
necessary
transitions
to
achieve
coherence.归纳整理，转述大意
5.
Proofread
for
grammatical,
spelling
and
punctuation
mistakes.复读核对，检查错误
（四）记叙文概要写作技巧
记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。?
1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。?
叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。?
写人的记叙文（Description）。?
写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。
（五）记叙文概要写作模板
记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when,
where,
who,
what,
why,
how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：
记叙文：what
/
who
/
when
/
where
/
why
/
how
Who
did
what
by…because…
当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。
（六）记叙文概要写作样文展示
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.?
Discovering
a
lost
brother
①
Kieron
Graham
always
knew
he
had
an
older
brother
named
Vincent.
Though
Kieron
spent
years
thinking
about
him,
he
could
never
track
him
down.
②
That
changed
in
December
2017,
when
Kieron’s
adoptive
parents
gave
him
an
AncestryDNA
test
as
a
Christmas
gift.
Kieron,
now
21,
sent
his
saliva
(唾液)
sample
in
for
analysis.
When
his
results
came
back,
he
was
stunned
to
find
he
had
a
lot
of
DNA
matches
for
relatives
who
had
also
taken
the
test.
Most
were
distant
connections,
but
one
match
was
so
strong
that
it
was
labeled
“close
family.”
His
name
was
Vincent
Ghant.
Kieron
looked
for
him
on
Facebook
and
soon
made
a
possible
connection.
“This
is
going
to
sound
so
wild
…
but
I
think
you’re
my
brother,”
Kieron
wrote
on
Facebook’s
Messenger
app.
“I
was
given
up
for
adoption
in
1997
and
it
says
on
my
paperwork
that
my
mother
has
a
son
with
your
name
and
your
birth
date.
Her
name
is
Shawn.”
③
“OMG
do
you
know
your
real
name?”
wrote
Vincent,
now
30.
④
“I
think
it
was
Tyler.”
⑤
“OMG
YES!!!
You
are
my
brother.”
⑥
“Wow,”
wrote
Kieron.
⑦
“This
is
crazy,”
said
Vincent.
⑧
The
craziness
was
just
beginning.
As
they
talked,
the
brothers
realized
they
lived
about
20
minutes
from
each
other.
More
surprising,
they
attended
the
same
university
and
majored
and
minored
in
the
same
subjects:
political
science
and
legal
studies.
⑨
Vincent
was
nine
when
Kieron
was
born
and
remembers
caring
for
his
baby
brother.
But
times
were
tough,
and
Shawn,
who
worked
15-plus
hours
a
day
as
a
nurse,
decided
that
placing
Kieron
for
adoption
would
give
him
the
best
chance
to
succeed.
⑩
“She
was
very
emotional
about
that
time,
to
the
point
where
it
was
hard
for
her
to
put
into
words
anything
about
what
happened,”
Vincent
says.
⑾
Now
the
brothers
had
the
chance
to
make
up
for
lost
time.
They
decided
to
meet
at
a
local
tea
shop
that
week.
⑿
One
of
Vincent’s
concerns
was
that
Kieron
might
resent
his
birth
family
for
placing
him
for
adoption.
He
was
relieved
Kieron
didn’t,
and
that
he’d
grown
up
in
a
loving
family.
⒀
Since
that
first
meeting,
the
brothers
have
bonded
even
more.
They
play
football
together
and
celebrated
Christmas
with
their
families.
“We’ll
keep
growing
our
relationship
until
it’s
time
to
leave
this
planet,”
says
Vincent.
That
shouldn’t
be
hard.
As
Kieron
says,
“We’ve
got
years
and
years
to
catch
up
on.”
【解析指导】
1.
Main
idea
本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥
Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。
2.
Text
structure
全文可以划分为三个部分：
①-⑧第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。
⑨-⑩第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。
⑾-⒀第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。
3.
Mind
map
4.
Writing
procedure
Step
1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。
Step
2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who
/
what
/
when
/
where
/
why
/
how
who：Kieron
what:
found
his
brother
Vincent
when/why:
文中划线处
where:
无需强调
how:
through
an
AncestryDNA
test
and
Facebook
Step
3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。
Step
4：概括。
Summary
writing
Kieron,
given
up
for
adoption
reluctantly
by
his
mother
when
he
was
a
baby,
found
his
brother
Vincent
through
an
AncestryDNA
test
and
Facebook.
Surprisingly,
they
lived
quite
close
to
each
other
and
studied
the
same
subjects
in
the
same
university.
After
their
first
meeting,
the
two
brothers
quickly
bonded
and
would
enhance
their
relationship
in
the
years
to
come.
(60
words)
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
The
Voice
in
the
Box
When
I
was
quite
young,
my
family
had
one
of
the
first
telephones
in
the
neighborhood.
I
remember
well
the
polished
wooden
case
fastened
to
the
wall
on
the
lower
stair
landing.
But
my
first
personal
experience
with
this
genie-in-the-receiver
came
one
day
while
my
mother
was
visiting
a
neighbor.
Amusing
myself
at
the
tool
bench
in
the
basement,
I
hurt
my
finger
with
a
hammer.
The
pain
was
terrible,
but
there
didn’t
seem
to
be
much
use
crying,
because
there
was
no
one
home
to
offer
sympathy.
I
walked
around
the
house,
and
finally
arrived
at
the
stairway.
The
telephone!
Quickly
I
ran
for
the
footstool
and
dragged
it
to
the
landing.
Climbing
up,
I
unhooked
the
receiver
and
held
it
to
my
ear.
“Information
Please,”
I
said
into
the
mouthpiece
just
above
my
head.
A
click
or
two,
and
a
small,
clear
voice
spoke
into
my
ear,
“Information.”
“I
hurt
my
finger—”
I
cried
into
the
phone.
The
tears
came
readily
enough,
now
that
I
had
an
audience.
“Isn’t
your
mother
home?”
came
the
question.
“Nobody’s
home
but
me,”
I
sobbed.
“Are
you
bleeding?”
“No,”
I
replied.
“I
hit
it
with
the
hammer
and
it
hurts.”
“Can
you
open
your
icebox?”
she
asked.
I
said
I
could.
“Then
break
off
a
little
piece
of
ice,
and
hold
it
on
your
finger.
That
will
stop
the
hurt.
Be
careful
when
you
use
the
icepick
(冰锥),”
she
said.
“And
don’t
cry.
You’ll
be
all
right.”
After
that,
I
called
Information
Please
for
everything.
I
asked
her
for
help
with
my
geography,
and
she
told
me
where
Philadelphia
was,
and
the
Orinoco,
the
romantic
river
that
I
was
going
to
explore
when
I
grew
up.
She
helped
me
with
my
arithmetic,
and
she
told
me
that
my
pet
chipmunk—I
had
caught
him
in
the
park
just
the
day
before—would
eat
fruit
and
nuts.
【写作指导】
这是一篇记叙文，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。读懂全文，可知作者意在向读者介绍他小时候使用电话的轶事，由此可以判断出这是一篇记叙文。因此，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。参考例文如下所示：
【参考范文1】
One
day
I
hurt
my
finger
when
alone
at
home.
It
occurred
to
me
that
I
could
use
the
telephone
to
call
the
operator.
She
gave
me
detailed
instructions
and
comforted
me.
I
later
turned
to
the
magic
device
for
help
with
almost
everything.
【参考范文2】
The
author
tells
us
a
story
about
her
experience
of
using
the
telephone
to
ask
for
help.
One
day,
she
got
her
finger
hurt
but
there
was
no
one
at
home
to
turn
to.
Then
the
telephone
caught
her
eye,
and
she
picked
up
the
receiver
and
talked
to
the
operator.
Luckily,
she
was
told
how
to
deal
with
the
injured
finger.
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
I
took
a
trip
to
a
big
lake
in
Indonesia
with
my
family
two
years
ago.
It
was
really
a
huge
lake
with
beautiful
scenery
all
around.
People
were
amazed
by
the
endless
view
in
front
of
our
eyes.
Later
on,
unlike
other
girls,
I
volunteered
to
go
water-skiing
alone.
I
put
on
the
life
jacket,
got
on
the
motorboat
immediately
and
started
my
engine
as
soon
as
possible.
The
lake
seemed
broad
and
endless.
I
was
so
thrilled(激动)
to
enjoy
my
trip
among
the
mountains
and
waters
that
I
sped
my
motorboat.
Then,
after
some
time,
I
found
myself
in
the
middle
of
the
endless
lake.
A
sudden
fear
came
around
me.
I
didn’t
know
where
I
was
or
even
how
far
I
had
gone
from
the
shore.
What
was
worse,
it
began
to
rain
and
it
became
very
cold
and
foggy.
I
rode
everywhere
but
couldn’t
find
my
way
back.
It
was
useless
for
me
to
cry
or
shout
for
help.
I
was
so
terrified
that
I
began
to
think
about
all
kinds
of
horrible
things.
After
floating
on
the
water
helplessly
and
hopelessly
for
a
long
time,
suddenly
I
heard
someone
calling
my
name.
Soon,
a
big
steamboat
sailed
to
me
and
they
pulled
me
up
to
the
deck
and
asked
me
if
I
was
hurt.
I
couldn’t
say
a
word
but
cried
in
my
father’s
arms.
【写作指导】
根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：
When—two
years
ago
Where—a
trip
to
a
big
lake
in
Indonesia
Who—“I”,
the
writer
What—got
lost;
was
found
Why—go
water-skiing
alone;
too
thrilled
Result—father
came
to
her
rescue
列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：
【参考范文】
The
passage
tells
us
the
writer’s
experience
of
adventure.
Once
the
writer
was
on
a
trip
to
a
lake
where
she
went
water-skiing
alone.
She
was
so
excited
and
enjoyed
herself
that
soon
she
got
lost.
Fortunately,
her
father
finally
came
to
her
rescue.
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Yesterday
Matt
was
sick.I
picked
up
Archie
from
the
sitter
and
Eloise
from
school
and
decided
to
run
to
Target
for
a
few
things.I
had
hoped
to
be
in
and
out
quickly.
I
found
a
line
with
just
one
person
ahead
of
me
and
began
organizing
my
items
on
the
conveyor.After
placing
my
items，I
looked
up
to
see
that
the
person
ahead
of
me
was
an
elderly
woman.
She
was
paying
for
her
items
with
change
and
wanted
to
purchase
each
separately.I
was
frustrated
with
this
woman
and
the
inconvenience
she
had
placed
on
me.
But
then
I
watched
the
young
employee
with
this
woman.I
watched
him
help
her
count
her
change，ever
so
softly
taking
it
from
her
shaking
hands.
When
she
asked
if
she
had
enough
to
buy
a
reusable
bag，he
told
her
she
did
and
went
two
lines
over
to
get
one
for
her
and
then
repackaged
her
items.Never
once
was
this
employee
angry.He
was
nothing
but
patient
and
kind.
As
I
was
watching
him，I
saw
that
Eloise
was
too.She
was
standing
next
to
the
woman，watching
the
employee
count
the
change.I
realized
I
hadn’t
been
inconvenienced
at
all.That
my
daughter
was
instead
witnessing
kindness
and
patience
and
being
taught
this
valuable
lesson
by
a
complete
stranger.
When
the
woman
was
finished，the
employee
began
ringing
up
my
items
and
thanked
me
for
my
patience.I
then
thanked
him
for
teaching
us
patience
and
kindness
by
his
treatment
of
that
elderly
woman.When
he
was
finished
I
pushed
my
cart
through
the
store
trying
to
find
the
manager.I
wanted
her
to
know
of
the
employee’s
kindness
and
patience
and
how
much
it
meant
to
me.After
tracking
her
down
and
sharing
the
story
with
her，we
left
Target
with
a
cart
full
of
consumable
items，but
what
is
more，a
heart
full
of
gratitude
for
such
an
invaluable
lesson.
If
you
are
ever
in
the
Glendale
Target，give
Ishmael
a
smile
and
a
nod.The
world
could
use
more
people
like
him.
【写作指导】
要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。
【参考范文】
The
passage
tells
us
an
experience
of
shopping.(要点1)One
day，the
author
with
two
children
went
to
Target
for
shopping.(要点2)While
waiting
in
line,
she
found
an
old
lady
was
troublesome,
but
the
young
employee
treated
her
patiently.(要点3)Seeing
that,
the
author
was
touched
by
his
kindness
and
patience
and
she
thought
her
children
would
learn
a
lot
from
this
experience.(要点4)
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Last
year
my
company
was
brought
by
a
large
corporation
and
most
of
the
managers
lost
their
jobs.
That
was
when
i
decided
to
do
something
I’
d
always
wanted
to
do-------become
a
freelance
writer(自由作家）.
Changing
professions
has
meant
that
my
lifestyle
has
changed
in
a
number
of
ways.
I
work
about
as
much
as
I
did
before-------between
45
and
50
hours
a
week---
but
my
schedule
is
much
less
fixed
than
it
used
to
be.
Before,
I
worked
from
8
am
to
5
pm,
everyday,
with
a
few
extra
hours
on
weekends.
Now,
however,
I
work
when
I
feel
like
it.
For
instance,
sometimes
I
work
until
midnight
or
2.am,
then
sleep
until
noon.
I
really
prefer
this
kind
of
schedule.
While
I
was
working
as
a
manager,
I
never
exercised.
I
already
felt
tired
after
work,
so
I
just
came
home
in
the
evening
and
watched
TV.
However,
last
year
I
joined
a
health
club
and
began
to
do
regular
exercise.
As
a
result
I
have
lost
over
10
pounds
and
I
feel
much
better,
I’ve
also
started
to
eat
more
healthfully.
I
used
to
eat
a
lot
of
fast
food,
but
now
I
do
my
own
shopping.
I
buy
lots
of
fruits
and
vegetables
and
cook
them
at
home.
Of
course,
not
all
the
changes
have
been
that
easy.
For
example,
I
don’t
feel
as
safe
financially
as
used
to.
When
I
was
working
as
a
manager.
I
never
worried
much
about
money.
I
could
always
count
on
getting
my
paycheck
every
two
weeks.
Working
freelance,
I
don’t
have
a
regular
paycheck.
So
now
I
have
to
make
sure
that
there’s
enough
money
until
the
next
check
arrives.
【参考范文】
After
the
author
quit
his
previous
job
and
became
a
freelance
writer.
Some
changes
his
life.
The
work
schedule
became
more
flexible.
He
has
also
done
more
exercise
and
ate
healthy.
But
he
might
not
get
regular
wages.
He
found
that
the
present
lifestyle
is
suitable
for
him.
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
On
a
damp,
boring,
stay-in-the-house
kind
of
day,
I
was
a
4-year-old
artist
armed
with
a
new
treasure:
my
own
big
box
of
crayons（蜡笔）.
Somehow,
the
usual
paper
wasn’t
special
enough
for
these
64
perfect,
sweet-smelling
sticks
of
vivid
color.
I
looked
around
for
a
bigger
canvas（画布）.
If
only
there
were
hidden
walls.
Walls
like
the
ones
in
Mom
and
Dad’s
closet.
Slipping
quietly
down
the
hall
to
the
bedroom,
I
stood
on
tiptoe
to
reach
the
string
for
the
closet
light.
Words
and
images
filled
my
mind
faster
than
my
hands
could
make
them.
A
brilliant
rainbow
was
seen
on
one
wall,
with
a
cheery
golden
sun
peeking
out
from
above.
Below,
a
giant
shade
tree
supported
a
swing
for
stick-figure
children.
Around
them,
flowers
bloomed
everywhere.
My
masterpiece!
All
my
very
own
magic!
I
took
in
the
walls,
the
colors
and
the
brightness.
Joy
swelled
inside
me.
But
as
my
creativity
wound
down,
a
thought
popped
up:
I’ve
got
to
show
Mom!
Suddenly
I
was
still.
Mom
called
out,
“Dinner’s
ready.”After
a
short
time,
her
footsteps
approached,
and
then
finally,
the
closet
door
opened.
I
stood
nervously
in
the
corner.
Mom
breathed
in
sharply,
then
stood
frozen.
Only
her
eyes
moved
as
she
slowly
looked
over
my
masterpiece.
She
was
quiet
for
a
long,
long
time.
I
didn’t
dare
breathe.
Finally,
she
turned
to
me.
“I
like
it,”
she
said.
“No,
I
love
it!
I
feel
like
I
have
a
new
closet!”
Now,
45
years
later,
my
childhood
artwork
is
still
there.
And
in
my
own
house,
the
closet
walls
are
masterpieces,
too,
created
by
my
own
daughters
when
they
were
little
girls.
Every
time
I
open
a
closet
door,
I
remember
that,
as
big
as
that
box
of
crayons
and
white
walls
seemed
when
I
was
little,
my
mother’s
love
was
the
biggest
thing
of
all.
【参考范文1】
One
day
when
I
was
little,
I
created
a
beautiful
picture
on
the
walls
in
parents’
closet.
Although
satisfied
with
it,
I
couldn’t
imagine
mom’s
reaction.
Instead
of
criticizing
me
for
ruining
the
closet,
mom
thought
highly
of
my
artwork.
Now
I
understand
how
much
she
loves
me
and
I
do
the
same
to
my
children
to
develop
their
creativity.
【参考范文2】
The
story
happened
when
the
writer
was
4
years
old.
She
drew
pictures
on
the
walls
of
the
closet
after
getting
the
new
crayons.
Her
mother
praised
her
artwork
instead
of
scolding
her
for
messing
up
the
room.
The
pictures
remain
there
till
now
because
it
can
serve
as
a
reminder
of
mother’s
love.
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考概要写作之记叙文
)
（一）概要写作题型解读
By
summary,
we
mean
a
brief
restatement,
in
your
own
words,
of
the
content
of
a
passage,
an
article.
1、原文材料350词左右，写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2、在正确理解文章的基础上,
在不改变原文中心思想的前提下用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点
3、原文以说明文、议论文、记叙文为主。
（二）概要写作的要点
1.
简要性（Conciseness）：Omit
unnecessary
details
like
examples,
explanations
and
other
unimportant
information.
2.
完整性（Completeness）：To
include
all
the
main
and
supporting
points
delivered
in
you
own
words
in
a
condensed
manner.
3.
准确性（Accuracy）：To
give
the
same
attention
and
stress
to
the
points
as
the
author
does.
4.
连贯性（Coherence）：Rather
than
an
outline
listed
as
key
words
and
phrases,
a
summary
is
a
paragraph
with
necessary
transitions
and
function
structures
to
make
it
flow.
5.
客观性（Objectivity）：Do
not
include
your
own
ideas
or
emotions
on
the
topic.
The
summary
should
reflect
the
content
of
the
original
passage
only.
（三）概要写作的步骤
1.
Skim
the
text
to
find
out
the
general
theme.
快读原文，明确主题
2.
Analyze
the
text’s
structure
to
divide
it
into
several
sections,
find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
section
and
write
it
out
briefly
with
your
own
words.
(one
sentence)
划分各段，找出要点
3.
Write
down
the
key
supporting
points
for
each
main
idea
without
minor
details.
抓重点，去枝节
4.
Organize
the
main
and
related
supporting
points
in
a
logical
order
with
necessary
transitions
to
achieve
coherence.归纳整理，转述大意
5.
Proofread
for
grammatical,
spelling
and
punctuation
mistakes.复读核对，检查错误
（四）记叙文概要写作技巧
记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。?
1.叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。?
叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。?
写人的记叙文（Description）。?
写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。
（五）记叙文概要写作模板
记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when,
where,
who,
what,
why,
how。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：
记叙文：what
/
who
/
when
/
where
/
why
/
how
Who
did
what
by…because…
当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why，有时两者选其一即可。
（六）记叙文概要写作样文展示
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.?
Discovering
a
lost
brother
①
Kieron
Graham
always
knew
he
had
an
older
brother
named
Vincent.
Though
Kieron
spent
years
thinking
about
him,
he
could
never
track
him
down.
②
That
changed
in
December
2017,
when
Kieron’s
adoptive
parents
gave
him
an
AncestryDNA
test
as
a
Christmas
gift.
Kieron,
now
21,
sent
his
saliva
(唾液)
sample
in
for
analysis.
When
his
results
came
back,
he
was
stunned
to
find
he
had
a
lot
of
DNA
matches
for
relatives
who
had
also
taken
the
test.
Most
were
distant
connections,
but
one
match
was
so
strong
that
it
was
labeled
“close
family.”
His
name
was
Vincent
Ghant.
Kieron
looked
for
him
on
Facebook
and
soon
made
a
possible
connection.
“This
is
going
to
sound
so
wild
…
but
I
think
you’re
my
brother,”
Kieron
wrote
on
Facebook’s
Messenger
app.
“I
was
given
up
for
adoption
in
1997
and
it
says
on
my
paperwork
that
my
mother
has
a
son
with
your
name
and
your
birth
date.
Her
name
is
Shawn.”
③
“OMG
do
you
know
your
real
name?”
wrote
Vincent,
now
30.
④
“I
think
it
was
Tyler.”
⑤
“OMG
YES!!!
You
are
my
brother.”
⑥
“Wow,”
wrote
Kieron.
⑦
“This
is
crazy,”
said
Vincent.
⑧
The
craziness
was
just
beginning.
As
they
talked,
the
brothers
realized
they
lived
about
20
minutes
from
each
other.
More
surprising,
they
attended
the
same
university
and
majored
and
minored
in
the
same
subjects:
political
science
and
legal
studies.
⑨
Vincent
was
nine
when
Kieron
was
born
and
remembers
caring
for
his
baby
brother.
But
times
were
tough,
and
Shawn,
who
worked
15-plus
hours
a
day
as
a
nurse,
decided
that
placing
Kieron
for
adoption
would
give
him
the
best
chance
to
succeed.
⑩
“She
was
very
emotional
about
that
time,
to
the
point
where
it
was
hard
for
her
to
put
into
words
anything
about
what
happened,”
Vincent
says.
⑾
Now
the
brothers
had
the
chance
to
make
up
for
lost
time.
They
decided
to
meet
at
a
local
tea
shop
that
week.
⑿
One
of
Vincent’s
concerns
was
that
Kieron
might
resent
his
birth
family
for
placing
him
for
adoption.
He
was
relieved
Kieron
didn’t,
and
that
he’d
grown
up
in
a
loving
family.
⒀
Since
that
first
meeting,
the
brothers
have
bonded
even
more.
They
play
football
together
and
celebrated
Christmas
with
their
families.
“We’ll
keep
growing
our
relationship
until
it’s
time
to
leave
this
planet,”
says
Vincent.
That
shouldn’t
be
hard.
As
Kieron
says,
“We’ve
got
years
and
years
to
catch
up
on.”
【解析指导】
1.
Main
idea
本文讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。文章前半部分主要讲Kieron如何通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥
Vincent，后半部分讲述了他们重聚之后的往来，以及迅速建立感情。
2.
Text
structure
全文可以划分为三个部分：
①-⑧第一部分：Kieron通过基因检测和Facebook找到了他的哥哥。
⑨-⑩第二部分：Kieron的妈妈为什么放弃他，让别人领养他。
⑾-⒀第三部分：Kieron和哥哥重聚后，迅速建立感情。
3.
Mind
map
4.
Writing
procedure
Step
1：细读全文，明确主题。本文主要是讲述了一对分开多年的兄弟重聚的故事。
Step
2：划分要点。记叙文注意是找who
/
what
/
when
/
where
/
why
/
how
who：Kieron
what:
found
his
brother
Vincent
when/why:
文中划线处
where:
无需强调
how:
through
an
AncestryDNA
test
and
Facebook
Step
3：标主题句或关键词。已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。
Step
4：概括。
Summary
writing
Kieron,
given
up
for
adoption
reluctantly
by
his
mother
when
he
was
a
baby,
found
his
brother
Vincent
through
an
AncestryDNA
test
and
Facebook.
Surprisingly,
they
lived
quite
close
to
each
other
and
studied
the
same
subjects
in
the
same
university.
After
their
first
meeting,
the
two
brothers
quickly
bonded
and
would
enhance
their
relationship
in
the
years
to
come.
(60
words)
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
The
Voice
in
the
Box
When
I
was
quite
young,
my
family
had
one
of
the
first
telephones
in
the
neighborhood.
I
remember
well
the
polished
wooden
case
fastened
to
the
wall
on
the
lower
stair
landing.
But
my
first
personal
experience
with
this
genie-in-the-receiver
came
one
day
while
my
mother
was
visiting
a
neighbor.
Amusing
myself
at
the
tool
bench
in
the
basement,
I
hurt
my
finger
with
a
hammer.
The
pain
was
terrible,
but
there
didn’t
seem
to
be
much
use
crying,
because
there
was
no
one
home
to
offer
sympathy.
I
walked
around
the
house,
and
finally
arrived
at
the
stairway.
The
telephone!
Quickly
I
ran
for
the
footstool
and
dragged
it
to
the
landing.
Climbing
up,
I
unhooked
the
receiver
and
held
it
to
my
ear.
“Information
Please,”
I
said
into
the
mouthpiece
just
above
my
head.
A
click
or
two,
and
a
small,
clear
voice
spoke
into
my
ear,
“Information.”
“I
hurt
my
finger—”
I
cried
into
the
phone.
The
tears
came
readily
enough,
now
that
I
had
an
audience.
“Isn’t
your
mother
home?”
came
the
question.
“Nobody’s
home
but
me,”
I
sobbed.
“Are
you
bleeding?”
“No,”
I
replied.
“I
hit
it
with
the
hammer
and
it
hurts.”
“Can
you
open
your
icebox?”
she
asked.
I
said
I
could.
“Then
break
off
a
little
piece
of
ice,
and
hold
it
on
your
finger.
That
will
stop
the
hurt.
Be
careful
when
you
use
the
icepick
(冰锥),”
she
said.
“And
don’t
cry.
You’ll
be
all
right.”
After
that,
I
called
Information
Please
for
everything.
I
asked
her
for
help
with
my
geography,
and
she
told
me
where
Philadelphia
was,
and
the
Orinoco,
the
romantic
river
that
I
was
going
to
explore
when
I
grew
up.
She
helped
me
with
my
arithmetic,
and
she
told
me
that
my
pet
chipmunk—I
had
caught
him
in
the
park
just
the
day
before—would
eat
fruit
and
nuts.
【写作指导】
这是一篇记叙文，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。读懂全文，可知作者意在向读者介绍他小时候使用电话的轶事，由此可以判断出这是一篇记叙文。因此，考生需要在文中找到人、时、地、事情的起因、经过、结果等主要信息。参考例文如下所示：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
I
took
a
trip
to
a
big
lake
in
Indonesia
with
my
family
two
years
ago.
It
was
really
a
huge
lake
with
beautiful
scenery
all
around.
People
were
amazed
by
the
endless
view
in
front
of
our
eyes.
Later
on,
unlike
other
girls,
I
volunteered
to
go
water-skiing
alone.
I
put
on
the
life
jacket,
got
on
the
motorboat
immediately
and
started
my
engine
as
soon
as
possible.
The
lake
seemed
broad
and
endless.
I
was
so
thrilled(激动)
to
enjoy
my
trip
among
the
mountains
and
waters
that
I
sped
my
motorboat.
Then,
after
some
time,
I
found
myself
in
the
middle
of
the
endless
lake.
A
sudden
fear
came
around
me.
I
didn’t
know
where
I
was
or
even
how
far
I
had
gone
from
the
shore.
What
was
worse,
it
began
to
rain
and
it
became
very
cold
and
foggy.
I
rode
everywhere
but
couldn’t
find
my
way
back.
It
was
useless
for
me
to
cry
or
shout
for
help.
I
was
so
terrified
that
I
began
to
think
about
all
kinds
of
horrible
things.
After
floating
on
the
water
helplessly
and
hopelessly
for
a
long
time,
suddenly
I
heard
someone
calling
my
name.
Soon,
a
big
steamboat
sailed
to
me
and
they
pulled
me
up
to
the
deck
and
asked
me
if
I
was
hurt.
I
couldn’t
say
a
word
but
cried
in
my
father’s
arms.
【写作指导】
根据文本内容，这是一篇故事类的记叙文，要求对其进行概要写作。因此，我们先找出记叙文的六要素：
When—two
years
ago
Where—a
trip
to
a
big
lake
in
Indonesia
Who—“I”,
the
writer
What—got
lost;
was
found
Why—go
water-skiing
alone;
too
thrilled
Result—father
came
to
her
rescue
列出了要点之后，我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来，概括成一段约60词的通顺概要：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Yesterday
Matt
was
sick.I
picked
up
Archie
from
the
sitter
and
Eloise
from
school
and
decided
to
run
to
Target
for
a
few
things.I
had
hoped
to
be
in
and
out
quickly.
I
found
a
line
with
just
one
person
ahead
of
me
and
began
organizing
my
items
on
the
conveyor.After
placing
my
items，I
looked
up
to
see
that
the
person
ahead
of
me
was
an
elderly
woman.
She
was
paying
for
her
items
with
change
and
wanted
to
purchase
each
separately.I
was
frustrated
with
this
woman
and
the
inconvenience
she
had
placed
on
me.
But
then
I
watched
the
young
employee
with
this
woman.I
watched
him
help
her
count
her
change，ever
so
softly
taking
it
from
her
shaking
hands.
When
she
asked
if
she
had
enough
to
buy
a
reusable
bag，he
told
her
she
did
and
went
two
lines
over
to
get
one
for
her
and
then
repackaged
her
items.Never
once
was
this
employee
angry.He
was
nothing
but
patient
and
kind.
As
I
was
watching
him，I
saw
that
Eloise
was
too.She
was
standing
next
to
the
woman，watching
the
employee
count
the
change.I
realized
I
hadn’t
been
inconvenienced
at
all.That
my
daughter
was
instead
witnessing
kindness
and
patience
and
being
taught
this
valuable
lesson
by
a
complete
stranger.
When
the
woman
was
finished，the
employee
began
ringing
up
my
items
and
thanked
me
for
my
patience.I
then
thanked
him
for
teaching
us
patience
and
kindness
by
his
treatment
of
that
elderly
woman.When
he
was
finished
I
pushed
my
cart
through
the
store
trying
to
find
the
manager.I
wanted
her
to
know
of
the
employee’s
kindness
and
patience
and
how
much
it
meant
to
me.After
tracking
her
down
and
sharing
the
story
with
her，we
left
Target
with
a
cart
full
of
consumable
items，but
what
is
more，a
heart
full
of
gratitude
for
such
an
invaluable
lesson.
If
you
are
ever
in
the
Glendale
Target，give
Ishmael
a
smile
and
a
nod.The
world
could
use
more
people
like
him.
【写作指导】
要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。就该题而言，本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示，最后用自己的语言串联起来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Last
year
my
company
was
brought
by
a
large
corporation
and
most
of
the
managers
lost
their
jobs.
That
was
when
i
decided
to
do
something
I’
d
always
wanted
to
do-------become
a
freelance
writer(自由作家）.
Changing
professions
has
meant
that
my
lifestyle
has
changed
in
a
number
of
ways.
I
work
about
as
much
as
I
did
before-------between
45
and
50
hours
a
week---
but
my
schedule
is
much
less
fixed
than
it
used
to
be.
Before,
I
worked
from
8
am
to
5
pm,
everyday,
with
a
few
extra
hours
on
weekends.
Now,
however,
I
work
when
I
feel
like
it.
For
instance,
sometimes
I
work
until
midnight
or
2.am,
then
sleep
until
noon.
I
really
prefer
this
kind
of
schedule.
While
I
was
working
as
a
manager,
I
never
exercised.
I
already
felt
tired
after
work,
so
I
just
came
home
in
the
evening
and
watched
TV.
However,
last
year
I
joined
a
health
club
and
began
to
do
regular
exercise.
As
a
result
I
have
lost
over
10
pounds
and
I
feel
much
better,
I’ve
also
started
to
eat
more
healthfully.
I
used
to
eat
a
lot
of
fast
food,
but
now
I
do
my
own
shopping.
I
buy
lots
of
fruits
and
vegetables
and
cook
them
at
home.
Of
course,
not
all
the
changes
have
been
that
easy.
For
example,
I
don’t
feel
as
safe
financially
as
used
to.
When
I
was
working
as
a
manager.
I
never
worried
much
about
money.
I
could
always
count
on
getting
my
paycheck
every
two
weeks.
Working
freelance,
I
don’t
have
a
regular
paycheck.
So
now
I
have
to
make
sure
that
there’s
enough
money
until
the
next
check
arrives.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Summary
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
in
no
more
than
60
words
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
how
it
is
illustrated.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
On
a
damp,
boring,
stay-in-the-house
kind
of
day,
I
was
a
4-year-old
artist
armed
with
a
new
treasure:
my
own
big
box
of
crayons（蜡笔）.
Somehow,
the
usual
paper
wasn’t
special
enough
for
these
64
perfect,
sweet-smelling
sticks
of
vivid
color.
I
looked
around
for
a
bigger
canvas（画布）.
If
only
there
were
hidden
walls.
Walls
like
the
ones
in
Mom
and
Dad’s
closet.
Slipping
quietly
down
the
hall
to
the
bedroom,
I
stood
on
tiptoe
to
reach
the
string
for
the
closet
light.
Words
and
images
filled
my
mind
faster
than
my
hands
could
make
them.
A
brilliant
rainbow
was
seen
on
one
wall,
with
a
cheery
golden
sun
peeking
out
from
above.
Below,
a
giant
shade
tree
supported
a
swing
for
stick-figure
children.
Around
them,
flowers
bloomed
everywhere.
My
masterpiece!
All
my
very
own
magic!
I
took
in
the
walls,
the
colors
and
the
brightness.
Joy
swelled
inside
me.
But
as
my
creativity
wound
down,
a
thought
popped
up:
I’ve
got
to
show
Mom!
Suddenly
I
was
still.
Mom
called
out,
“Dinner’s
ready.”After
a
short
time,
her
footsteps
approached,
and
then
finally,
the
closet
door
opened.
I
stood
nervously
in
the
corner.
Mom
breathed
in
sharply,
then
stood
frozen.
Only
her
eyes
moved
as
she
slowly
looked
over
my
masterpiece.
She
was
quiet
for
a
long,
long
time.
I
didn’t
dare
breathe.
Finally,
she
turned
to
me.
“I
like
it,”
she
said.
“No,
I
love
it!
I
feel
like
I
have
a
new
closet!”
Now,
45
years
later,
my
childhood
artwork
is
still
there.
And
in
my
own
house,
the
closet
walls
are
masterpieces,
too,
created
by
my
own
daughters
when
they
were
little
girls.
Every
time
I
open
a
closet
door,
I
remember
that,
as
big
as
that
box
of
crayons
and
white
walls
seemed
when
I
was
little,
my
mother’s
love
was
the
biggest
thing
of
all.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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