高一英语同步测控：Unit 4 Earthquakes Grammar（新人教必修1）

高一英语同步测控
必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes
第3课时：Grammar
课前预习：
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。
定语从句的结构： 先行词__ +_______ +________
先行词是人或物, 在句中充当_____, _____,____,_____等成分用关系代词
I.先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语用关系代词_______, _______，_______。
who, whom，that的区别：
1 介词后只能用_______ ，不能用_______ _______。
2 先行词为代词，或逗号后不用_______。
3 主句是特殊疑问句，已经有who，则从句引导词用_______。
II.先行词是事或物, 在从句中作主语、宾语，用关系代词_______, _______。
that, which,的区别:
1. 只用which: ______后, _______后。
2. 只用that：
先行词是或被指物的不定代词修饰，常用的不定代词有： ______, ______, ______, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ ______, ______,______, ______, ______等
先行词特指，为the +_____(包括last, next)/ _______/ ______/ _____等修饰时
先行词有____又有_____
先行词在从句中作____语
主句是___或___开头的特殊疑问句。
3. 不用that引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )
在__________定语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )中，
直接在_____后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用______替代which, ______替代whom，也可以省略关系代词。
当先行词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用______。
当先行词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时
定语从句中，those who相当于意为“凡……的人”，表示的是两者以上的不定数量，who引导的定语从句用复数，不能用that代替。（注意：anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。
III. 先行词是事或物, 在从句中只用作定语，表示“…的”, 后加名词, 用关系代词_______。
指物 = the +名词 +_______, 指人= the +名词+_______。
IV. 关系代词whom, which前介词的选择看主句中的习惯搭配或从句中动词的搭配而决定，但从句中含有介词的短语动词一般_____(拆开,不拆开)，介词仍放在动词的后面。
V. 定语从句常犯的问题
引导词用错. 如：The book which cover is green was lost yesterday.(应改为______)
语序用错. 如：Is there anything else that can I do for you (应改为______)
无先行词　如：Is this museum _____ you visited last Saturday (应该填________ )
Is this the museum ______ we visited last Saturday (应该填________ )
关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数没有和____保持一致，如：
Tom is the only one of the boys who _____(like) playing football. (应该填________ )
引导词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如：
Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with him just now (应改为______)
实战演练
定语从句练习
I. 用所给的关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose.完成以下从句：
The force __________ causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity.
A friend __________ helps you in time of need is a friend indeed.
He saw a house __________ windows were all broken.
Everything __________ can be done today mustn’t be done tomorrow.
This is the best hotel __________ I know.
The boy with ______ John spoke is my brother..
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools __________ he had visited.
The ninth lesson __________ we are learning is the most difficult in Book One.
Will you please lend me the very book ______ you bought yesterday
Mount Blanc(勃朗峰), __________ they visited last month, is the highest mountain in Europe.
The house in __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.
The house __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now.
The house __________ Lu Xun once lived in is a museum now.
This is the museum _____ we visited last Saturday.
Is this museum the one ______ you visited last Saturday
The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help.
This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year.
The passengers and the suitcases _______ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.
Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with
II. 把下列句子改写成定语从句。（提示：主从句的选择：主句多为：1表状态，2 表结果3 时间较后；从句多为：1 表动作 2 表原因 3时间靠前）
1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_____________________________________________
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her.
_____________________________________________
3. The student’s article was published. I know the student.
_____________________________________________
4. Betty is studying English very well. She has never been abroad.
_____________________________________________
5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.
_____________________________________________
6. The compter is too slow. I bought the computer four years ago.
_____________________________________________
7. The man created the famous university. The man never finished college.
_____________________________________________
8. I have ever seen the film and it is the most interesting film.
_____________________________________________
9. They talked about the people and the things, and they remembered them in old days.
_____________________________________________
10. The man laughed at you just now. Who is the man
_____________________________________________
III．单句改错
1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.
2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant
4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.
5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.
6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now
7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.
8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick
9. She says she still remembers the things and the persons whom I told him last year.
10. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.
11. This is the factory where we visited last week.
12. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
13. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
The house in that we live is very small.
The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
This is the best film which I have ever seen.
My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
Everything which we saw was of great interest.
His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
反馈检测
挑战一下历届高考试题中的定语从句：
1. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center _________ is always busy at the weekend. （ 06上海春季 ）
A. that B. where C. what D. which
2. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction __________ she had come. （ 06重庆 ）
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
3. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. （ 06上海 ）
A. where B. when C. which D. what
4. Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair. （06福建）
A. whose B. which C. of which D. that
5. Her sister has become a lawyer, ________ she wanted to be. ( 05 湖北 )
A. who B. that C. what D. which
6. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago ( 2005 北京春季)
A. where B. when C. that D. what
7. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. ( 04 江苏 )
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The famous basketball star, _____________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春季)
A. where B. when C. which D. who
9. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable. ( S2000)
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
10. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001)
A.It B. As C. That D. What
11. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08湖南卷）
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
12. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds. （08陕西卷）
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
13. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. （08江苏卷）
A. which B. what C. that D. where
14. Is this factory _____ we visited last year
A. where B. in which C. the one D. at which
15. It is known to everybody ____ the moon travels around the earth once every month. (NMET2001)
A.it B. that C. as D. what
第3课时
课前预习：
先行词+引导词+从句; 主语、宾语、表语、定语
I. who, whom, that. 1. whom, who, that. 2. that . 3. that
II.. that, which ,whose. 1.介词后,逗号后 2. all, some, any, no, little, much, few, , anything, everything, nothing, none, the one the +序数词、最高级形容词, the only, the very 有人又有物 表语 who或which 3. 非限制性, 介词, that，who, who
III. whose ; of which; of whom IV. 不拆开 V. whose I can the one; that/which/不填 先行词, likes him删去
实战演练
I.1. which/that 2. who/that 3. whose 4. that 5. that 6. whom 7. which 8. that 9. that 10. that 11. which 12. which 13. in which/ where 14. which/that 15. that/ which 16. that/不填 17. whose 18. that / 不填 19. that 20. that / 不填
II. 1. I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/ which I gave her.
3. I know the student whose article was published.
4. Betty, who has never been abroad, is studying English very well.
5. My grandparents live in a house which is more than 100 years old.
6. The computer which that I bought four years ago is too slow.
7. The man who/that created the famous university never finished college.
8. It is the most beautiful film that I have ever seen.
9. They talked about the people and the things that they remembered in old days.
10. Who is the man that laughed at you just now
III．1. that→whom 2. which →whose 3. who→that 4. 第二个is改为are 5. like→likes 6. 去掉her 7. 去掉it 8. that→who 9. whom→that 10. which→ in which/that/去掉which 11. where→ that/which或去掉where 12 把for放在looking之后 13 who→whom 14 that→which 15 that→which 16 which→ that或去掉which 17 which→that或去掉which 18 who→that 19 which→that或去掉which 20 that→which
反馈检测
历届高考试题中的定语从句：1-5 DDCAD 6-10 CDDBB 11-15 BDACB