Unit
3
Diverse
Cultures
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
单元语法精析
省略(Ellipsis)
语法点拨
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、词法上的省略
1．介词的省略
①一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
be
busy
(in)
doing
sth.
spend
some
time(in)
doing
sth.
stop/prevent
sb.(from)
doing
sth.
The
heavy
rain
prevented
him
(from)
arriving
there
on
time.
大雨使得他没能近时到达那里。
He
spent
four
hours
(in)
going
over
his
lessons.
他花了4个小时复习功课。
②表示一段时间或方式的短语中的for，in，by，at等常常省略；但是在否定句或引导介词短语位于句首强调持续时间时，for一般不可省略。
The
snowy
weather
lasted
(for)
two
weeks.
雪持续下了两个星期。
He
doesn’t
do
it
(in)
the
way
I
do.
他没有照我的方式去做。
She
didn’t
say
anything
for
several
hours.
她几个小时一句话也没说。
2．替代性省略
在某些情况下，当我们省略掉某个词、词组或句子时，还需要用某个替代词。
①省略的动词或动词加其他成分可以用do来代替。
He
speaks
English
more
fluently
than
you
do.
他说英语比你说得流利。
②在believe，expect，suppose，think和it
appears/seems之后，表示同意前面说过的话时可以用so代替单词(形容词、副词)、词组或句子；表示对前面说过的话加以否定时，可以用not或not...so。
—Can
you
finish
your
work
today?
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I
think
so./I
don’t
think
so./I
think
not.
——我认为能。/我认为不能。
③“So/Nor
(Neither)＋谓语/助动词＋主语”这一句型用来替代前面提到的情况，表明它也适用于后者。
—I
don’t
think
I
can
walk
any
further.
——我认为我不能再行走了。
—Neither
can
I．Let’s
stop
here
for
a
rest.
——我也不行了。我们在这儿停下来休息一会吧。
④省略掉的名词词组、形容词词组、从句或比较结构可用the
same来代替。
—I
lost
my
bike
last
month.
——我上个月把自行车弄丢了。
—The
same
happened
to
me.
——我也丢了一辆自行车。
名师点津
hope，guess，be
afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。
—The
boys
are
not
doing
a
good
job
at
all,
are
they?
——男孩子们工作做得一点也不好，是吗？
—I
guess
not.
——我猜是没做好。
3．动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
①一些表示心理活动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would
like，be
ready，be
afraid，be
glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。
—Will
you
go
with
me?
—Well，I’d
like
to
(go
with
you)．
——你愿意和我一起去吗？
——嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。
②不定式作定语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。
You’d
better
finish
the
job
on
time
if
he
ordered
you
to
(finish
the
job
on
time)．
如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。
名师点津
如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。
—Are
you
a
lawyer?
—No，but
I
hope
to
be
(a
lawyer)．
——你是律师吗？
——不是，但是我希望是。
—Have
you
been
to
the
West
Lake?
—I
hope
to
have
(been
to
the
West
Lake)．
——你去过西湖吗？
——我希望去过(西湖)。
(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况
①动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，find，hear，listen
to，observe和使役动词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。
We
often
hear
him
sing
the
song
at
home.
→He
is
often
heard
to
sing
the
song
at
home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
②两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。
She’d
like
to
take
off
her
coat
and
have
a
break.
她想脱下外套休息一会儿。
It’s
more
difficult
to
do
than
to
say.
做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
③在why或why
not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。
Why
get
so
excited?
为什么变得那么激动？
名师点津
but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。
She
could
do
nothing
but
cry.
她除了哭什么也做不了。
He
has
no
choice
but
to
leave.
他别无选择只有离开。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①They
have
seen
her
__grow__(grow)
up
from
childhood.
②The
teacher
came
not
to
punish
you
but
__to
help__(help)
you.
③She
was
made
__to
work__(work)
for
ten
hours
a
day.
④I
have
no
choice
except
__to
accept__(accept)
his
conditions.
二、句法上的省略
1．简单句及并列句中的省略
省略成分
情况说明
主语
在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略
谓语或谓语的一部分
为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
表语
答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略
宾语
省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语
双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个
主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分
在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略
(I)Beg
your
pardon.
请您原谅。/请再说一遍。
Some
of
us
study
Japanese；others(study)
English.
我们中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。
—Do
you
know
Mr
Li?
—I
don’t
know(him)．
——你认识李先生吗？
——不认识。
She
washed(the
shirt),
ironed(the
shirt),
and
folded
the
shirt.
她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。
Sorry，(you’ve
dialed
the)
wrong
number.
对不起，你拨错号了。
2．复合句中的省略
(1)主句中的省略
常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。
—Why
didn’t
you
come
to
class
yesterday?
—(I
didn’t
come
to
class
yesterday)
Because
I
was
ill.
——你昨天为什么没来上课？
——因为我病了。
(2)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
I
know
(that)
she
is
a
teacher
and
that
she
is
an
excellent
writer.
我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。
(3)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：
①在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While
(I
was)
walking
along
the
street,
I
heard
my
name
called.
当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
②在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though
(they
were)
tired，they
went
on
working.
虽然累了，但他们继续工作。
③在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
You
shouldn’t
come
to
his
party
unless
(you
are)
invited.
除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as，as
if，as
though等引导的方式状语从句中。
He
did
as
(he
was)
told.
他按要求去做了。
名师点津
在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。
Were
I
you
(＝If
I
were
you),
I
should
give
that
guy
a
good
lesson.
如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
(4)定语从句中的省略
①一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
The
man
(whom)
you
saw
yesterday
fell
ill.
你昨天见到的那个人生病了。
The
man,
whom
you
saw
yesterday,
fell
ill.
那个人生病了，你昨天见到他了。
②当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in
which或that，也可以省略。
The
way
(in
which/that)
these
comrades
treat
problems
is
wrong.
这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
即学即练
在横线上写出被省略的部分
①I
believe
__that__
she
will
help
you
and
that
you
will
succeed.
②I’ll
give
you
all
__that__
I
have
as
long
as
you
are
happy.
③Whenever
__it
is__
possible,
he
will
come
to
my
help.
语法专练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．If
__convenient__(convenience),
I
will
visit
you
this
weekend
and
discuss
what
to
do
next
with
you.
2．Once
__encouraged__(encourage),
he
will
have
confidence
to
overcome
the
difficulties.
3．—Mary,
how
about
going
to
the
movies
after
supper?
—__Sounds__(sound)
great.
4．Though
__surprised__(surprise)
to
see
us,
the
old
man
gave
us
a
warm
welcome.
5．He
rushes
out
of
the
room
as
if
__to
meet__(meet)
some
important
person.
6．Knowing
his
trouble,
I
had
nothing
to
do
but
__inspire__(inspire)
him
to
continue
his
work.
7．Tom
wanted
to
play
football
with
his
friends
in
the
street,
but
his
father
told
him
not
__to__.
8．If
__possible__(possibility),
I’d
like
to
work
in
the
Ministry
of
Finance
because
I
am
good
at
mathematics
and
know
much
professional
knowledge
about
finance.
9．__Were__(be)
I
a
bird,
I
would
fly
to
see
you
at
once.
10．—Who
should
be
responsible
for
the
accident?
—The
boss
instead
of
the
workers.They
just
carried
out
the
order
as
__told__(tell)．
Ⅱ．用省略句式完成句子
1．__How
beautiful__
to
be
treated
like
a
normal
child.
被当作一个正常孩子对待是多么美妙的一件事呀。
2．I
would
rather
__stay
at
home__
than
go
to
see
a
film.
我宁愿待在家也不愿去看电影。
3．All
__I
want__
is
to
go
to
school
and
study
hard.
我想要的就是上学，努力学习。
4．The
only
thing
you
have
to
do
is
__press
the
button__.
你唯一要做的事情是按按钮。
5．She
wants
to
come
but
her
parents
won’t
__allow
her
to__.
她想来，可是她父母不会允许的。
6．__Open
the
door__，please.
请打开门。
7．He
wants
to
move
abroad
but
his
parents
__wonder
why__.
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
8．I
don’t
like
the
way
__you
laugh
at__
her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的方式。
9．__If
necessary__，you’d
better
refer
to
the
dictionary.
如果有必要，你最好查字典。
10．Study
hard
__when
young__，or
you’ll
regret.
趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
Ⅱ．语法主题应用
妈妈在厨房准备晚餐，并跟儿子汤姆交谈。请用省略句写出以下内容：
1．妈妈正在厨房，她一面做饭一面谈着。(时间状语从句的省略)
2．她告诉Tom过街时注意车辆。(祈使句中主语的省略)
3．如果必要的话，她还让Tom等一会。(if省略句)
4．然而，Tom并没有回应。她匆匆离开了房间，好像生气了。(as
if从句省略)
5．看到这一幕，Tom感到愧疚、害怕，因此他跑上前去跟妈妈道歉。(简单句中谓语的省略)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Mom
was
in
the
kitchen.She
talked
while
preparing
their
supper.She
said
to
Tom,
“Look
out
for
cars
when
crossing
the
street.”
If
necessary,
she
let
Tom
wait
for
a
while.However,
Tom
didn’t
respond.She
hurriedly
left
the
room
as
if
angry.Seeing
this,
Tom
felt
sorry
and
frightened,
so
he
ran
to
Mom
apologizing
to
her.
PAGEUnit
3
Diverse
Cultures
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__Atlantic__
adj.
大西洋的
2．__financial__
adj.
财政的；财务的；金融的→__finance__
n.
资金；
财政；
金融
3．__poetry__
n．诗集；诗歌；诗作→__poem__
n．诗；诗歌→__poet__
n．诗人
4．__jeans__
n．牛仔裤
5．__boot__
n.
靴子
6．__mushroom__
n.
蘑菇；蕈
7．__poison__
n.
毒物；毒药；毒素
vt.
毒死；毒害→__poisonous__
adj.
引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
8．__fold__
vt.
包；裹；折叠
vt.&
vi.
(可)折小；(可)叠平→__unfold__
v．展开
9．__super__
adv.
特别；格外
adj.
顶好的；超级的
10．__collection__
n.
作品集；收集物；收藏品→__collect__
v.
收集；
采集
11．__percentage__
n.
百分率；百分比
12．__climate__
n.
气候
13．__mild__
adj.
温和的；和善的；轻微的→__mildly__
adv.轻微地；温和地
14．__settle__
vt.&vi.
定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)→__settlement__
n．和解；协议；安顿；定居点→__settler__
n．移民；殖民者
15．__construction__
n.
建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构→__construct__
vt.建造；建设→__constructive__
adj.建设性的
16．__material__
n．材料；布料；素材
adj.物质的；实际的
17．__clothing__
n．衣服；服装
18．__suit__
vt.
适合；满足……需要；相配；合身
n．西服；套装→__suitable__
adj.合适的；适当的
19．__item__
n.
项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻)
20．__contain__
vt.包含；含有；容纳→__container__
n．容器
21．__neat__
adj.
极好的；整洁的；整齐的→__neatly__
adv.
整洁地；干净地
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．__to__
name
but
a
few仅举几例
2．(at)
__first__
hand第一手；亲自
3．depend
__on__依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
4．turn
__into__(使)变成；(使)成为
5．such
__as__诸如；例如
6．varieties
__of__各种各样的
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．__What__
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants
then
turned
into
a
centre
for
Chinese
culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
2．The
majority
of
residents
in
Chinatown
are
still
ethnic
Chinese,
__many
of
whom
do
not
speak
English
fluently__.
唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，他们中许多人的英语讲得并不流利。
3．Visitors
can
also
__spend__
hours
just
__exploring__
the
interesting
sights，smells，and
sounds
of
China.
游客还可以花几个小时探索中国有趣的景色、气味和声音。
4．It
has
a
long
and
famous
history，__with__
the
author
Robert
Louis
Stevenson
__having
spent__
much
time
writing
there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
5．All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，__where__
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。
Ⅳ．课文理解
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
1．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage？__B__
A．Something
about
San
Francisco.
B．An
introduction
to
the
Chinatown.
C．The
history
of
the
Chinatown.
D．An
introduction
to
the
USA．
2．Match
the
general
meaning
of
each
part.
(1)Part
1
(Para.1)__A__
(2)Part
2
(Paras.2—5)__C__
(3)Part
3
(Para.6)__B__
A．The
general
introduction
to
the
Chinatown
in
San
Francisco.
B．Chinatowns’
cultural
influence.
C．The
specific
information
of
the
Chinatown.
二、细读文章后判断下列句子的正误(T/F)
1．The
Chinatown
in
San
Francisco
is
the
oldest
and
biggest
in
America.(
T
)
2．The
climate
there
contributes
to
the
tourism
of
the
Chinatown.(
T
)
3．Chinese
immigrants
settled
in
the
area
mainly
after
gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco.(
T
)
4．The
1906
earthquake
destroyed
most
of
Chinatown
but
it
was
rebuilt
with
materials
donated
from
China.(
F
)
5．Portsmouth
Square
is
the
centre
of
Chinatown
and
is
a
great
place
to
see
modern
Chinese
culture.(
F
)
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．fold
vt.包；裹；折叠
vt.&vi.
(可)折小；(可)叠平
典型例句
In
the
army
camp
the
quilts
are
usually
folded
in
this
manner.
在军营中被子通常是这样折叠的。
She
folded
the
letter
in
half
and
put
it
into
her
pocket.
她把信对折起来放进了口袋。
He
stood
by
the
window,
folding
his
arms
and
looking
into
the
distance.
他站在窗子旁边，交叉着双臂，眼睛望着远处。
思维拓展
(1)fold
your
arms双臂交叉在胸前
fold
up折叠起来
a
folded
letter一封折叠的信
(2)folder
n．文件夹
(3)unfold
vt.展开
(4)folding
adj.可折叠的
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Body
language
can
give
away
a
lot
about
your
mood,
so
standing
with
your
arms
__folded__(fold)
can
send
out
a
signal
that
you
are
being
defensive.
②He
__folded__(fold)
the
letter
(in
half)
and
put
it
in
an
envelope.
③He
had
a
neatly
__folded__(fold)
handkerchief
in
his
jacket
pocket.
单句写作
④桌子不用时可以折叠起来。
__The
table
folds
up__
when
not
in
use.
2．climate
n．气候
典型例句
Small
businesses
are
finding
it
hard
to
survive
in
the
present
economic
climate.
小企业发现在当前的经济形势下很难生存。
易混辨析
climate,
weather
climate
指“气候”，涉及范围大，持续时间较长，是一个地区气候的总情况，可用不定冠词修饰：a
cold
climate
寒冷的气候
weather
指“天气”，涉及范围较小，持续时间较短，不可用不定冠词修饰
How’s
the
climate
in
your
hometown?
你家乡的气候如何？
What’s
the
weather
like
today?
今天天气怎么样？
即学即练
选词填空(climate/weather)
①We
shall
go
out
for
a
picnic
tomorrow
if
the
__weather__
is
fine.
②A
drier
__climate__
would
be
good
for
your
health.
③I
couldn’t
imagine
what
it
would
be
like
to
live
in
a
hot
__climate__.
④The
__climate__
of
our
country
is
mild,
but
individual
places
experience
bad
__weather__.
3．mild
adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的
典型例句
It
is
safe
to
take
mild
medicine.
服用药性温和的药没有危险。
The
weather
is
mild
today，and
it
is
neither
hot
nor
cold.
今天天气很温和，不冷也不热。
思维拓展
(1)mild
punishment轻微的惩罚
mild
climate/weather温和的气候/天气
(2)mildly
adv.温和地；柔和地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①“I
think
you’ve
made
a
mistake，”
he
said
__mildly__(mild)．
②He
gave
a
__mild__(mildly)
answer,
in
spite
of
his
anger.
单句写作
③We’ve
had
__a
mild
winter__(暖冬)
this
year.
④He
has
__suffered
a
mild
heart
attack__(轻微的心脏病发作)—nothing
good
serious.
4．settle
vt.&vi.
定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
典型例句
She
settled
in
Vienna
after
her
father’s
death.
父亲死后，她就在维也纳定居了。
It’s
time
you
settled
your
differences
with
your
father.
现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。
I
must
settle
down
to
finishing
the
term
paper
this
morning.
我今天上午必须着手认真完成学期论文。
思维拓展
settle
down(使)平静下来；(使)稳定；定居
settle
down
to
(doing)
sth.专心于(做)某事；着手(做)某事
settle
in/into...迁入(新居)；习惯于……
settle
on/upon选择；选定
settlement
n．安顿；定居点；解决；协议
settler
n．移民；殖民者
settled
adj.习惯的；固定的
即学即练
单句语法填空
①They
__settled__
in
the
new
__settlement__
and
became
new
__settlers__
there.(settle)
解析：句意：他们在新定居点定居下来，成为那儿的新移民。
②If
a
customer
wants
a
quick
__settlement__(settle)
of
his
problem,
it’s
better
to
complain(投诉)
to
the
shop
manager.
解析：句意：顾客如果想迅速解决问题，最好向商店经理投诉。
③It
was
so
noisy
outside
that
he
couldn’t
settle
down
__to
read__(read)．
解析：句意：外边太吵了，他静不下心来读书。
结合settle的用法完成句子
④Mr.and
Mrs.Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
__settle
down__，get
married,
and
have
kids.
布朗夫妇希望看到他们的女儿安定下来，结婚生子。
⑤They
haven’t
__settled
on/upon__
a
name
for
their
band
yet.
他们还没有确定乐队的名字。
⑥I
sorted
out
my
mail,
then
__settled
(down)
to__
some
serious
work.
我把邮件整理好，然后定下心来做一些重要的事情。
5．suit
vt.
适合；满足……需要；相配；合身
n．西服；套装
典型例句
There
is
a
range
of
restaurants
to
suit
all
tastes.
这里有各式各样的餐馆，适合所有人的口味。
A
good
speaker
is
always
trying
to
suit
his
speech
to
his
audience.
一个好的演说家总是试图让自己的演说适合听众的口味。
Realizing
that
drama
might
be
more
suited
to
me,
Mom
took
me
to
a
drama
teacher.
意识到戏剧可能更适合我，妈妈把我带到了一个戏剧老师那里。
Jill’s
new
hairstyle
doesn’t
really
suit
her.
吉尔的新发型不大适合她。
She
was
wearing
a
black
trouser
suit.
她穿着一套黑色衣裤装。
思维拓展
(1)suit
one’s
need/taste满足某人的需要/适合某人的口味
suit
sth.to
sth./sb.使某物适合某物/某人
be
suited
for/to...适合做……；对……适宜(to为介词)
suit
sb.(fine)(很)合某人的意；对某人来说(很)合适
(2)a
suit
of一套……
(3)suitable
adj.适当的；相配的；恰当的
be
suitable
for...适合于……
be
suitable
to
do...适合做……
易混辨析
suit，fit，match
suit
多指衣服等的颜色、款式或花样适合；还可指事物合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等This
style
of
dress
suits
you
well.这种款式的连衣裙很适合你。No
dish
suits
all
tastes.众口难调。
fit
多指衣服等大小、尺寸、形状等方面的合适，通常意为“合身，适合”The
dress
fits
me
well.这件连衣裙我穿着很合身。
match
多指两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很搭配，显得很协调The
color
of
the
shirt
does
not
match
that
of
the
tie.衬衫的颜色与领带的颜色不相配。
即学即练
用suit的适当形式填空
①I
must
have
this
__suit__
cleaned.
②The
house
is
not
really
__suitable__
for
a
large
family.
③The
colour
of
red
__suits__
her
well,
and
she
looks
better
in
red.
选词填空(suit/fit/match)
④The
coat
__fits__
you
well,
but
I
don’t
think
the
colour
__suits__
you,
because
its
colour
doesn’t
__match__
your
shoes.
单句写作
⑤The
girl
standing
there
__is
suitable
for__(适合)
the
job.
⑥You’re
covered
with
sweat.It
__is
not
suitable
to
bathe__(不适合洗澡)
right
away.
⑦—How
about
eight
o’clock
outside
the
cinema?
—That
__suits
me
fine/well__(很适合我)．
6．contain
vt.包含；含有；容纳；克制
典型例句
This
book
contains
all
the
information
you
need.
这本书包含了你所需的一切资料。
I
was
so
angry.I
just
couldn’t
contain
myself(＝I
had
to
express
my
feelings)．
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
The
committee
contains
11
Democrats
and
9
Republicans.
该委员会包括11名民主党人和9名共和党人。
思维拓展
(1)contain
oneself
with
sth.使自己抑制住……
contain
oneself自制；忍耐
(2)container
n．容器
易混辨析
contain,
include
contain
通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内
include
指作为整体中的一部分被包括进去，其主语和宾语属同类，是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including＋被包含部分”或“被包含部分＋included”
The
box
contains
forty
maps,
including
two
Chinese
maps.
箱子里装着四十幅地图，其中包括两幅中国地图。
图形助记
contain和include
即学即练
选词填空(contain/include)
①Little
Johnny
felt
the
bag,
curious
to
know
what
it
__contained__.
②(2019·北京改编)First
celebrated
in
1970,
the
Day
now
__includes__
events
in
more
than
190
countries
and
regions(地区)．
③Look!
The
box
__contains__
a
number
of
letters,
which
__include__
those
from
his
students.
单句写作
④__Contain
yourself__(控制你自己)!
It’s
not
that
exciting.
⑤The
hall
can
__contain/hold/seat
two
hundred
people__(容纳200人)．
一句多译
这本书含有10章，其中包括美国文学。
⑥__The
book
contains
ten
chapters,
including
American
Literature.__
⑦__The
book
contains
ten
chapters,
American
Literature
included.__
重
点
短
语
1．depend
on依靠；依赖；取决于；视……而定
典型例句
Meanwhile
you
have
to
prepare
the
next
question
depending
on
what
the
person
says.
同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
You
may
depend
on/upon
her
arriving
on
time.
你可以相信她会准时到来。
Children
depend
on
their
parents
for
food
and
clothing.
孩子们依靠父母供给衣食。
思维拓展
(1)depend
on/upon
sb.to
do
sth.依靠某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.’s
doing
sth.相信/指望某人做某事
depend
on/upon
sb.for
sth.靠某人供给某物
depend
on/upon
it
that...请相信……
(2)That
depends./It
all
depends.视情况而定。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He
knew
he
could
depend
on
her
__to
deal__(deal)
with
the
situation.
②You
can
depend
__on__
his
coming
on
Sunday.
完成句子
③—Is
Tom
coming?
——汤姆来吗？
—__That
depends__.He
may
not
have
time.
——那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
2．turn
into(使)变成；(使)成为
典型例句
In
a
flash
of
light，the
prince
turned
into
a
frog.
一道闪光之后，王子变成了一只青蛙。
Peter
can
show
you
how
to
turn
an
idea
into
an
act.
彼得能教你如何把想法变成行动。
思维拓展
turn
down关小，调低；拒绝
turn
in上交
turn
off关(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
on开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn
out结果(是)；证明(是)；原来(是)
turn
to转向；求助于
turn
up开大；调高；到达，出现
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Turn
__up__
the
radio
so
that
I
can
hear
the
program.
②Please
turn
__to__
the
police
for
help
when
you
are
in
trouble.
③Newly-built
wooden
cottages
line
the
street,
turning
the
old
town
__into__
a
dreamland.
④He
promised
that
he
would
come,
but
he
hasn’t
turned
__up__
yet.
3．such
as诸如；例如
典型例句
Cartoon
characters
such
as
Mickey
Mouse
and
Snoopy
are
still
popular.
像米老鼠和史努比这样的卡通人物仍然很受欢迎。
She
does
well
in
many
subjects
such
as
maths，physics，and
chemistry.
她许多学科的成绩都很好，比如数学、物理和化学。
易混辨析
for
example，such
as，that
is
for
example
用来举例说明前面说过的话或提出的观点，一般列举同类人或事物中的一个，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末，往往用逗号与句中其他成分隔开
such
as
用来列举事物，用在所列举的事物与前面的名词之间。一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，所列数量不能等同于前面所提事物的总数
that
is
“即是”，列举出全部
即学即练
选词填空(for
example，such
as，that
is)
①Many
countries,
__for
example__，Mexico
and
Japan,
have
a
lot
of
earthquakes.
许多国家，例如墨西哥和日本，经常发生地震。
②There
are
few
poets
__such
as__
Keats
and
Shelley
now.
现在几乎没有像济慈和雪莱那样的诗人了。
③I
have
three
good
friends,
__that
is__，John,
Jack
and
Tom.
我有三个好朋友：约翰、杰克和汤姆。
4．varieties
of许多的，种类繁多的
典型例句
He
left
for
varieties
of
reasons.
他由于种种原因离开了。
There
are
varieties
of
patterns
to
choose
from.
有种类繁多的花样可供选择。
思维拓展
(1)variety
n．种类
a
variety
of＝varieties
of各种各样的
(2)various
adj.各种各样的
(3)vary
vi.&
vt.变化，不同；使不同
vary
in在……方面不同
vary
from...to...从……到……变化
vary
with随着……变化
Tents
come
in
various
shapes
and
sizes.
帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。
Rooms
vary
in
size
but
all
have
televisions
and
telephones.
房间大小不同但都有电视和电话。
The
age
for
children
receiving
early
education
varies
from
state
to
state.
儿童接受早期教育的年龄在各个州是不同的。
Prices
vary
with
the
seasons.
物价随季节而变动。
名师点津
variety的两种用法
(1)a
variety
of/varieties
of后接可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the
variety
of＋复数名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
即学即练
用vary的正确形式填空
①The
club
offers
__varieties__
of
games
to
the
local
teenagers.
②The
weather
here
__varies__
from
hour
to
hour.
③He
also
found
some
lists
of
game
fans
looking
for
__various__
versions
of
the
game.
④One
of
the
advantages
is
that
we
can
find
a
__variety__
of
topics,
such
as
science,
culture
and
history.
单句写作
⑤He
missed
the
opportunity
for
__varieties
of
reasons__(各种原因)．
⑥Students
are
offered
__various/a
variety
of/varieties
of__(各种各样的)
courses
in
this
school.
重
点
句
型
1．What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants
then
turned
into
a
centre
for
Chinese
culture.
早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。What
started
as
a
residential
area
for
Chinese
immigrants是一个主语从句，整句话的谓语是turned
into。
(2)what引导名词性从句
①当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，除了可引导主语从句外，还可引导宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
②what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情/地方/时间等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
What
he
said
at
the
meeting
astonished
everybody
present.
他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(What引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
Nobody
knows
what
will
happen
next.
没有人知道接下来将会发生什么事。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语)
Mary
is
no
longer
what
she
was
ten
years
ago.
玛丽已经不是10年前的她了。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语)
I
have
no
idea
what
we
should
to
next.
我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(what引导同位语从句，并在从句中作宾语)
It
was
Cook
that
discovered
what
we
call
Australia
now.
是库克发现了我们现在叫作澳大利亚的地方。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，表示“……的地方”)
易混辨析
what和that引导名词性从句的异同：
that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义；what引导名词性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。
即学即练
写出下列句中what的含义
①The
city
is
not
what
it
used
to
be.__状况/样子__
②We
were
all
confused
by
what
he
said
just
now.__话__
③After
what
seemed
like
hours
he
came
out
with
a
bitter
smile.__时间__
④They
finally
reached
what
is
called
America
now.__地方__
⑤He
invented
what
is
called
the
telephone
now.__东西__
单句语法填空
⑥The
number
of
the
graduates
choosing
to
work
and
live
in
big
cities
has
declined,
one
third
of
__what__
we
expected.
⑦__That__
is
important
in
study
is
diligence
rather
than
intelligence.
⑧__What__
is
known
to
us
is
that
tobacco
contains
nicotine(尼古丁)
and
other
harmful
products,
so
you
should
give
up
smoking.
⑨This
is
__what__
my
father
has
taught
me—to
always
face
difficulties
and
hope
for
the
best.
2．The
majority
of
residents
in
Chinatown
are
still
ethnic
Chinese,
many
of
whom
do
not
speak
English
fluently.
唐人街的大多数居民仍是华裔，他们中许多人的英语讲得并不流利。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是：The
majority
of
residents
in
Chinatown
are
still
ethnic
Chinese，后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
(2)“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”结构
该结构用于引导定语从句，具体用法如下：
He
mentioned
a
person,
the
name
of
whom(＝of
whom
the
name)
I’ve
forgotten.
他提到了一个人，人名我忘记了。
There
are
16
students
here,
all
of
whom(＝of
whom
all)
have
passed
the
test.
这里有16名学生，他们所有人都已经通过了考试。
He
downloaded
some
songs,
four
of
which(＝of
which
four)
were
very
sweet.
他下载了一些歌曲，其中有四首非常好听。
In
our
school
there
are
about
200
teachers,
thirty
percent
of
whom
are
men.
我们校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是男教师。
The
trees,
all
of
whose
leaves
have
fallen
down,
are
very
old.
那些树很老了，它们所有的叶子都落了。
名师点津
“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法是英语学习中的难点和重点，学习时要注意：(1)关系代词的选择；(2)名词/不定代词/数词，of，关系代词的顺序。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①In
the
past
few
years,
he
has
collected
a
lot
of
ancient
coins,
most
of
__which__
date
back
to
the
Ming
and
Qing
dynasties.
解析：句意：在过去的几年里，他收集了很多古钱币，其中大部分可以追溯到明清时期。
②(2020·江苏连云港校级月考)In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
half
of
__whom__
wear
glasses.
解析：句意：我们班有46名学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。
③Dong
Qing,
a
famous
hostess,
shared
her
experience
of
creating
The
Readers,
one
of
__whose__
purposes
is
to
create
more
original(原创的)
entertainment.
解析：句意：著名主持人董卿分享了制作《朗读者》节目的经历，其初衷之一就是制作更多原创文娱节目。
3．Visitors
can
also
spend
hours
just
exploring
the
interesting
sights，smells，and
sounds
of
China.
游客还可以花几个小时探索中国有趣的景色、气味和声音。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Visitors，谓语是can
spend，hours是宾语，使用了“spend＋一段时间＋(in)
doing
sth.”句型。
(2)“sb.spends＋一段时间＋(in)
doing
sth.”句型表示“某人花费一段时间做某事”。
They
spent
three
months
touring
Europe.
他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。
We
spent
hours
studying
the
structure
of
leaves
under
the
microscope.
我们花了好几个小时在显微镜下研究叶子的结构。
思维拓展
“花费”句型面面观：
spend
take
pay
cost：sth.costs
(sb.)
some
money
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It
took
me
two
hours
__to
do__(do)
the
cleaning.
②Charlie
spent
much
time
and
energy
__looking__(look)
after
his
sick
mother
and
his
brother.
③I
spend
about
50
pounds
a
month
just
__on__
books.
4．It
has
a
long
and
famous
history，with
the
author
Robert
Louis
Stevenson
having
spent
much
time
writing
there.
它有着悠久而著名的历史，作家罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森曾在那里花费许多时间写作。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。It是句子的主语，has是谓语，a
long
and
famous
history是宾语，后面是with的复合结构在句中作状语。
(2)“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构。该结构可在句中作定语和状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)。其具体形式有：
①with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介宾短语。
In
summer，she
usually
sleeps
with
the
windows
open.
夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。(伴随状语)
Do
you
know
the
lady
with
a
baby
in
her
arms?
你认识那个抱小孩儿的女士吗？(定语)
She
left
the
room
with
all
the
lights
on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。(伴随状语)
②with＋名词/代词＋名词。
She
died
with
her
son
yet
a
baby.
她去世了，儿子还在襁褓之中。(伴随状语)
③with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行。
He
lay
on
the
grass
with
his
eyes
looking
at
the
sky.
他躺在草地上，眼望天空。(伴随状语)
The
girl
felt
very
safe
with
her
mother
standing
behind
her.
由于妈妈站在身后，小女孩感到很安全。(伴随状语)
④with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词表示被动和动作已完成。
With
his
hair
cut，he
looked
much
younger.
由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)
⑤with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With
a
lot
of
homework
to
do，I
can’t
go
skating
with
you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。(原因状语)
She
knew
that
with
him
to
help
her，she
could
succeed.
她知道，有他帮忙，她能够成功。(原因状语)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏改编)China’s
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries
__recognizing__(recognize)
its
role
in
international
affairs.
②(北京改编)More
than
750,000
have
graduated
from
SAC,
with
many
__seeking__(seek)
employment
in
engineering,
aviation(航空),
education，medicine
and
a
wide
variety
of
other
profession.
③(全国Ⅰ改编)Already
well
over
400
of
the
total
of
6,800
languages
are
close
to
extinction(消亡),
with
only
a
few
elderly
speakers
__left__(leave)．
④With
so
many
problems
__to
discuss__(discuss),
we
decided
to
hold
another
meeting
as
soon
as
possible.
⑤It
was
very
cold
outside.The
boy
ran
into
the
room
__with__
his
nose
red.
⑥He
stood
there
with
his
hand
__in__
his
pocket.
完成句子
⑦The
square
looks
more
beautiful
than
ever
__with
all
the
lights
on__.
所有的灯亮起来，广场看起来更美。
⑧He
felt
more
uneasy
__with
the
whole
class
staring
at
him__.
全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。
⑨__With
nothing
to
do__
in
the
afternoon,
I
went
on
a
round
of
the
bookshops.
下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
5．All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea.
也有各种各样的传统中草药，还有中国茶馆，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种各样的中国茶。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是All
kinds
of
traditional
Chinese
herbal
medicine
can
be
found，too，and
there
are
Chinese
tea
stores，其中包含and连接的两个并列分句，where
visitors
can
taste
and
buy
varieties
of
Chinese
tea是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词stores。
(2)where
引导定语从句的用法聚焦：
This
is
the
place
where
I
was
born.
这就是我出生的地方。
She
has
got
to
the
point
where
she
feels
that
she
cannot
take
it
any
more.
她到了她觉得再也不能忍受的地步。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Nowadays
people
are
more
concerned
about
the
environment
__where__
they
live.
②We
live
in
a
society
__where__
exchanging
presents
is
an
important
part
of
communication.
③Students
should
involve
themselves
in
community
activities
__where__
they
can
gain
experience
for
growth.
④I
have
reached
a
point
in
my
life
__where__
I
am
supposed
to
make
up
my
mind.
⑤Creating
an
atmosphere
__where__
employees
feel
part
of
a
team
is
a
big
challenge.
单句写作
⑥The
birth
of
a
New
Years
is
always
a
special
occasion
__where
people
gather
to
celebrate
a
new
beginning__.
新年历来是特别喜庆的日子，人们相聚庆祝新的开始。
⑦She
is
going
to
live
in
China,
__where
she
has
some
close
friends__.
她要到中国去定居，在那里她有一些密友。
PAGEUnit
3
Diverse
Cultures
Section
Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
地点介绍
写作指导
1．仔细审题：明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事物的主要特征。
2．选择合理的说明顺序：比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序，分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。
3．选择恰当的说明方法：比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，来增加文章的色彩。
4．语言：既要确切无误，又要通俗易懂。适当使用一些结构比较复杂的句式，如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、强调句及非谓语动词等，以增加语言表达效果。
【常用表达】
1．前门大街有600多年历史，800米长，沿街有300多家店铺。
①Qianmen
Street
with
800
meters
long
is
a
famous
street
of
over
600
years
old,
along
which
there
are
more
than
300
shops.
②Qianmen
Street
with
a
history
of
over
600
years
old
is
800
meters
in
length,
along
which
there
are
more
than
300
shops.
③The
800-meter-long
Qianmen
Street
with
more
than
300
shops
along
has
a
history
of
over
600
years
old.
2．坐落在山顶的寺庙经历了这个地区的许多变化。
①The
temple
stands
on
the
top
of
the
mountain,
and
has
experienced
many
changes
in
this
area.
②Standing
on
the
top
of
the
mountain,
the
temple
has
witnessed
many
changes
in
this
area.
3．它坐落在天安门广场南面。
①It
is
just
located
to
the
south
of
Tian’anmen
Square.
②To
the
north
of
it,
there
is
Tian’anmen
Square.
③It
lies
in
the
south
of
Tian’anmen
Square.
4．加拿大，世界第二大国，占地998万平方千米。
①Canada,
which
is
the
second
largest
country
in
the
world,
covers
an
area
of
9.98
million
square
kilometres.
②Canada,
the
second
largest
country
in
the
world,
covers
an
area
of
9.98
million
square
kilometres.
③Canada,
covering
an
area
of
9.98
million
square
kilometres,
is
the
second
largest
country
in
the
world.
5．乘车到达那儿很方便，可乘坐公共汽车17、69、59等线路，或者地铁2号线。
①It’s
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
taking
Buses
No.17,
69
or
59
besides
Subway
Line
2.
②With
Buses
No.17,
69
or
59
passing
there,
it
is
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
bus,
and
you
can
also
choose
to
take
Subway
Line
2.
【写作模板】
地理位置介绍：
(某地点)__
__is
located
in(方位)__
__，covering
an
area
of(面积)__
__.It
has
a
population
of(人口)__
__.It
grows
__
__，and
it
is
rich
in
(特点)__
__.
In
a
word，(某地点)__
__
is
a
fascinating
place
with
fascinating
people.Welcome
to(某地点)__
__.
路线描写：
We
are
going
to(举行活动)__
__(时间)__
__(at＋时间点/in＋月份/on＋具体某一天)at/in(地点)__
__.It
is
not
very
difficult
to
find
your
way
to
this
place.Now
let
me
tell
you
the
way
to
this
place.When
you
get
out
of(某地一)__
__，you
can
take
Bus(几路公交车)__
__to(某地二)__
__，and
get
off
at
the
second/third
crossing.Walk
across
the
crossing
to
the
east/west/south/north
until
you
see(某地三)__
__
on
your
left/right.Turn
left/right
there
(at
the
corner)
and
go
straight
on/ahead.Then
you
can
see/find(某地四)__
__
is
on
your
left/right.The
place
is
next
to/opposite
to(某地点)__
__.The
place
is(多远)__
__yards/kilometers
down
the
street
on
the
left/right.
Find
Room(几号房间)__
__
and
we
will
be
meeting
you
there.
精品展示
假如你是李华，请根据下面的提示给Mr.Smith回信，介绍适合他租用的一处房子。
1．位于市中心商业区，交通便利，环境优美；
2．面积80平方米，宽敞明亮；
3．房间天然气、暖气、家具、空调等必备设施齐全；
4．房租价格合理，每月仅1
000元；
5．房子位置和户型如图所示：
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本文为__说明文__
2．确定人称：以__第三人称__为主
3．确定时态：以__一般现在时__为主
第二步 确定段落
第一段：总体简介；
第二段：展开描述——位置、面积、环境、交通、人口、历史、名胜古迹及特色；
第三段：结合写作要求进行结尾。
第三步 提炼要点
1．位置简介
2．设备设施
3．租房价格和其他
第四步 句式升级
1．它位于花园路和和平路的交叉路口，我们市最繁忙的两个街道。
(一般表达)It
is
located
in
the
crossroads
made
by
the
Garden
Avenue
and
the
Peace
Avenue.They
are
two
busiest
streets
in
our
city.
(高级表达)
It
is
located
in
the
crossroads
made
by
the
Garden
Avenue
and
the
Peace
Avenue,
__two
busiest
streets__
in
our
city.
2．在它的周围有超市、医院和公共汽车站。
(一般表达)
Around
it,
there
is
a
supermarket,
a
hospital
and
a
bus
stop.
(高级表达)Around
it
__lie__
a
supermarket,
a
hospital
and
a
bus
stop.
3．房子有一个客厅，两个卧室，一个厨房和一个卫生间。
(一般表达)There
is
one
living
room,
two
bedrooms,
one
kitchen
and
one
toilet
in
the
house.
(高级表达)The
house
__contains__
one
living
room,
two
bedrooms,
one
kitchen
and
one
toilet.
参考范文：
Dear
Smith，
As
for
the
problem
you
put
forward
in
your
last
letter,
I’d
like
to
recommend
the
following
house
to
you.
It
is
on
the
fifth
floor
of
a
six-storey
building,
which
is
located
in
the
crossroads
made
by
the
Garden
Avenue
and
the
Peace
Avenue,
two
busiest
streets
in
our
city.Around
it
lie
a
supermarket,
a
hospital
and
a
bus
stop,
so
it
is
convenient
for
you
to
do
shopping,
see
a
doctor
or
travel.What’s
more,
the
house
contains
one
living
room,
two
bedrooms,
one
kitchen
and
one
toilet.Besides,
it
is
equipped
with
all
the
households
and
living
facilities
such
as
natural
gas,
heating
system,
furniture,
air
conditioners
and
so
on.The
rent
is
no
more
than
1,000
yuan
per
month,
which
is
a
real
bargain.
I
think
the
house
is
quite
suitable
for
you.
Yours，
Li
Hua
亮点点评：
本文语言流畅，叙事明了。表达准确，过渡自然。诸如as
for，put
forward，recommend等高级词汇运用丰富而自然；倒装句式、定语从句等运用恰当。
即学即练
请根据以下要点和要求，写一篇介绍香港的英语短文。
1．位于广东省深圳的南面；
2．人口约600万，面积1
000多平方公里；
3．交通：有现代化的港口及著名的国际机场，京九铁路把香港和祖国首都北京连接起来；
4．历史：香港自古以来是中国的领土，170多年前英国入侵中国，占领香港；
5．回归：1997年7月1日。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Hong
Kong
Hong
Kong
lies
to
the
south
of
Shenzhen,
Guangdong
Province
of
China.It
has
a
population
of
about
6,000,000
and
covers
an
area
of
more
than
1,000
square
kilometers.It
has
not
only
the
modern
seaport
but
also
the
famous
international
airport.The
railway
from
Beijing
to
Jiulong
connects
Hong
Kong
with
the
capital
of
our
country—Beijing.
Since
long
ago,
Hong
Kong
has
belonged
to
China；unfortunately
170
years
ago
the
English
soldiers
invaded
China
and
occupied
Hong
Kong
by
force.To
the
great
delight
of
us
Chinese
people,
Hong
Kong
returned
to
China
on
July
1st,1997.
PAGEUnit
3 Diverse
Cultures
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
The
History
of
Chinatown
China
has
the
largest
population
in
the
world.As
a
result,
no
matter
where
we
go,
we
can
always
see
our
people
around.The
foreign
media
play
the
joke
that
Chinese
people
are
invading
their
countries.Almost
in
every
country,
there
is
a
Chinatown,
where
Chinese
people
live
and
work.
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
biggest
Chinatown
is
in
San
Francisco,
whose
history
can
be
tracked
back
more
than
100
years
ago.At
that
time,
the
old
China
was
very
poor
and
many
men
came
to
California
to
seek
for
gold.They
wished
to
come
back
as
rich
persons,
but
very
unluckily,
most
of
them
lived
the
poor
life
and
they
gathered
in
a
place,
which
is
known
as
Chinatown
today.
Chinatown
is
a
place
for
Chinese
people
to
live
and
work.As
more
and
more
Chinese
people
gather
in
every
corner
of
the
world,
Chinatown
is
built
everywhere.We
can
see
the
familiar
style
when
we
get
there,
which
makes
people
feel
like
at
home.For
foreign
friends,
they
want
to
learn
Chinese
culture
in
this
place,
so
Chinatown
also
spreads
Chinese
tradition
to
the
world.
唐人街历史
中国是世界上人口最多的国家，因此，无论我们去到哪里，总能看到我们的国人。外国媒体开玩笑说中国人正在入侵他们的国家。几乎在每个国家，都有一个唐人街。那里是中国人生活和工作的地方。
毫无疑问，最大的唐人街是在旧金山，其历史可以追溯到100多年前。
当时，旧中国很穷，很多人来到加利福尼亚寻找黄金。他们希望带着财富回来，但是很不幸的是他们中的大多数人生活贫困，他们聚集在一个地方，在今天被称为唐人街。
唐人街是中国人居住和工作的地方。随着越来越多的中国人聚集在世界的每一个角落，唐人街变得无处不在。当我们身处其中，可以看到熟悉的风格，让人觉得就像是在中国一样。对于外国朋友来说，他们想在这个地方学习中国文化，所以唐人街也向世界传播中国传统文化。
词海拾贝
1．invade
v．侵入，侵略；干扰
2．familiar
adj.熟悉的；通晓的；随便的
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__diverse__
adj.
不同的；多种多样的→__diversity__
n.
差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．__fortune__
n.
机会；运气→__fortunate__
adj.幸运的；吉祥的→__fortunately__
adv.幸运地；吉祥地→__unfortunate__
adj.不幸的；遗憾的→__unfortunately__
adv.不幸地
3．__chip__
n.
(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯条；芯片；碎片
4．__cheese__
n．干酪；奶酪
5．__admit__
vi.&
vt.
承认
vt.
准许进入(或加入)→__admission__
n．允许进入；入场费；承认
6．__definitely__
adv.
肯定；确实→__definite__
adj.
肯定的；
确定的
7．__occur__
vi.
发生；出现→__occurred__
(过去式/过去分词)
→__occurring__(现在分词)
8．__downtown__
adv.
在市中心；往市中心
9．__mission__
n.
传教(区)；重要任务；使命
10．__district__
n.
地区；区域
11．__comic__
n.
连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员
adj.
滑稽的；使人发笑的
12．__afterwards__
adv.
以后；后来
13．__historical__
adj.(有关)历史的→__history__
n．历史→__historian__
n.
历史学家
14．__seek__
vt.&vi.
寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求→__sought__(过去式/过去分词)
15．__earn__
vt.&
vi.
挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
16．__immigrant__
n.
(外来)移民；外侨
17．__select__
vt.
选择；挑选；选拔→__selective__
adj.有选择性的→__selection__
n.
选择；
挑选；
选拔
18．__china__
n.
瓷；瓷器
19．__jazz__
n.
爵士乐
20．__bar__
n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
21．__diagram__
n．简图；图解；图表；示意图
22．__journal__
n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物→__journalist__
n．记者
23．__claim__
vt.&
n.
夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
24．__series__
n.
一系列；连续；接连
25．__minority__
n.
少数民族；少数派；少数人→__majority__
n.
大部分；
大多数
26．__escape__
vi.&
vt.逃走；逃脱；避开
n.
逃跑；逃脱；解脱
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．head
__to__(朝)……
前进；(向……)去
2．__seek__
one’s
fortune
寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3．earn
__a__
living谋生
4．a
series
__of__一系列或一连串(事件)
5．apart
__from__除了……外(还)；此外
6．be
made
__of__由……制成
7．be
able
to
__do__
sth.能够/会做某事
8．used
to
__do__
sth.过去常常做某事
9．bring
__about__导致；引起
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．__It
is
likely
that__
Native
Americans
moved
to
California
at
least
fifteen
thousand
years
ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
2．In
fact，an
art
movement
__called__
the
“Mission
School”
started
here.
事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。
3．I
walked
around
__looking
at
the
street
art__
for
a
few
hours.
我在街上转了几个小时，欣赏街头艺术。
4．In
the
same
year，gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，__which__
started
a
gold
rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
5．__To
earn__
a
living，some
opened
up
shops
and
restaurants
in
Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
Ⅳ．课文理解
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
The
passage
mainly
tells
us
that
__C__.
A．why
the
author
likes
the
city
of
San
Francisco
B．what
Mexicans
did
for
the
Mission
District
C．San
Francisco
has
diverse
cultures
because
of
immigrants
D．Chinese
have
made
great
contributions
to
the
city
二、细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．According
to
the
text
we
can
learn
that
__B__.
A．the
family
of
the
author
is
in
San
Francisco
B．the
author
likes
the
city
very
much
C．California
became
a
big
city
depending
on
Chinese
D．immigrants
left
their
countries
carrying
their
home
2．Which
statement
about
the
Mission
District
is
true？__D__
A．People
here
are
mainly
from
China
or
Central
America.
B．It
is
the
oldest
part
of
the
city
and
a
poor
area
of
town.
C．It’s
a
center
for
graffiti
art
and
comic
art.
D．The
street
art
there
is
quite
modern
and
lively.
3．After
reading
the
passage
we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that
__A__.
A．San
Francisco
is
a
city
mostly
influenced
by
immigrants
B．San
Francisco
is
a
city
which
is
to
be
the
center
for
art
C．Chinatown
has
only
Cantonese
restaurant
for
visitors
D．gold
was
discovered
in
1848
so
the
city
is
rich
now
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．diverse
adj.
不同的；多种多样的
典型例句
Her
interests
are
very
diverse.
她的兴趣非常广泛。
They
are
the
people
from
diverse
cultures.
他们是一些有着不同文化背景的人。
The
program
deals
with
subjects
as
diverse
as
pop
music
and
Beijing
Opera.
这个节目涉及从流行音乐到京剧这样形形色色的题材。
思维拓展
(1)be
diverse
from和……不同的
diverse
views不同的观点
(2)diversity
n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
a
great/wide
diversity
of多种多样的
(3)diversely
adv.不同地；各色各样地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Her
interests
are
diverse
__from__
her
sister’s.
②Lily
has
__a__
great
diversity
of
interests；she
likes
sports,
travel
and
photography.
③Forslan’s
object
is
to
gather
as
great
a
__diversity__(diverse)
of
genetic
material
as
possible.
④One
of
the
best
ways
to
improve
your
vocabulary
is
to
read
widely
and
__diversely__(diverse),
involving
many
different
subjects
and
styles
of
writing.
2．fortune
n.
机会；运气；大笔的钱
典型例句
She
told
my
fortune
by
reading
my
palm.
她通过看手相给我算命。
These
two
brothers
decided
to
go
to
big
cities
to
try
their
fortune.
这兄弟俩决定去大城市碰碰运气。
Now
there
are
many
young
men
in
our
society
dreaming
of
making
a
fortune
without
hard
work.
现在在我们社会里，有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。
思维拓展
(1)try
one’s
fortune碰运气
seek
one’s
fortune寻找出路；寻找发财的机会
make
a
fortune发财
(2)fortunate
adj.运气好的；幸运的
(3)fortunately
adv.幸运地
(4)unfortunately
adv.不幸地；遗憾地
(5)misfortune
n．厄运；不幸
即学即练
用fortune的适当形式填空
①—I’m
really
depressed
after
so
many
failures.I
can’t
see
any
hope.
—Cheer
up!
Behind
every
__misfortune__
lies
an
opportunity!
解析：句意：——失败这么多次之后，我真的很沮丧。我看不到任何希望。——振作起来！每一个不幸的背后都有一次机会！
②__Unfortunately__，Beth
was
knocked
over
by
a
motorcyclist
when
she
was
crossing
the
street.
解析：句意：不幸的是，贝丝过马路时被一个骑摩托车的人撞倒了。
③__Fortunately__
I
was
wearing
a
seat
belt,
otherwise
I
would
have
been
injured.
完成句子
④He
__made
a
fortune__
selling
properties
in
Spain.
他在西班牙卖房产，发了财。
⑤He
__had
the
good
fortune
to__
escape
injury
last
night.
他昨晚很幸运，没有受伤。
3．admit
vi.&
vt.承认
vt.准许进入(或加入)；接纳；可容纳
典型例句
Dina
admitted
feeling
hurt
by
what
I
had
said.
迪娜承认我说的话伤了她的感情。
We
all
admit
him
to
be
foolish.
我们全都认为他是个傻瓜。
He
has
been
admitted
to/into
the
famous
university.
他已经被这所著名的大学录取了。
He
was
admitted
as
a
member
of
the
basketball
team.
他被接纳成为篮球队的一员。
思维拓展
admit
doing/having
done
sth.承认做/做过某事
admit
sb.to/into准许某人进入……；允许某人加入……
be
admitted
to/into被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
admit
that...承认……
admission
n.
承认；准许进入；入场费
图解助记
即学即练
写出下列句中admit的含义
①The
youngsters
admitted
planning
trips
around
potential
photo-opportunities
and
then
messaging
friends—and
friends
of
friends—to
demand
“likes”
for
their
online
posts.__承认__
②Sea
Life
Melbourne
Aquarium
admits
visitors
from
9：30
am
until
6：00
pm.__接纳；准许进入
__
③The
dining
hall
to
be
completed
next
month
can
admit
1,000
students.__可容纳__
单句语法填空
④I
still
remember
three
years
ago
when
I
was
admitted
__to/into__
this
school.
⑤She
can
always
put
other
people
right,
but
will
never
admit
__making__(make)
an
error
herself.
⑥Her
__being
admitted__(admit)
to
Beijing
University
made
her
parents
very
happy.
一句多译
他承认违反了交通规则。
⑦He
admitted
__breaking__the
traffic
rules.
⑧He
admitted
__having
broken__the
traffic
rules.
⑨He
admitted
__that
he
had
broken__the
traffic
rules.
4．occur
vi.发生；出现
典型例句
And
what
a
city—a
city
that
was
able
to
rebuild
itself
after
the
earthquake
that
occurred
in
1906.
这是一座什么样的城市，这是一座在1906年地震后得以重建的城市。
(2019·北京高考)In
a
world
that
warms
up
by
3
℃，
if
found
that
multiple
changes
to
the
colour
of
the
oceans
would
occur.
如果温度再上升3摄氏度，海洋的颜色就会发生各种各样的变化。
A
good
idea
occurred
to
me
while
I
was
watching
TV.
我看电视时想到了一个好主意。
It
never
occurs
to
him
that
he
should
make
such
great
success
in
teaching
career.
他从来没有想到他竟会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。
思维拓展
(1)Sth.occurs
to
sb.(想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中。
It
occurs
to
sb.that...……的念头浮现在某人的脑海中。(It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且that不能省略)
(2)
误区警示
(1)occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。
(2)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能为人。
易混辨析
occur，happen，take
place，break
out
occur
vi.可指某事偶然发生，可与happen互换，但比较正式。表示“某人想到”时，用occur，后接介词to
happen
vi.特指某事偶然发生。表示“某人发生了某事”，要用sth.happen(s)
to
sb.；happen
to
do
sth.表示“碰巧做某事”
take
place
多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等
break
out
多指自然灾害、战争、疾病的突然爆发
以上这些表示“发生”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It’s
incredible
that
the
idea
occurred
__to__
him
in
a
dream.
②It
didn’t
occur
to
him
__that__
she
would
refuse
his
invitation.
选词填空(occur/happen/take
place/break
out)
③The
terrible
war
__broke
out__
in
1937.
④What
__happened__
to
you
last
night?
⑤When
will
the
wedding
__take
place__?
⑥It
suddenly
__occurred__
to
him
that
he
had
left
his
keys
in
the
office.
一句多译
我从来没想到你能说服他改变主意。
⑦__It
never
occurred
to
me
that__
you
could
persuade
him
to
change
his
mind.(occur)
⑧__It
never
struck
me
that__
you
could
persuade
him
to
change
his
mind.(strike)
5．seek
vt.&vi.
寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
典型例句
If
you
want
to
seek
success,
you
must
work
hard.
你如果想谋求成功，就必须努力工作。
She
managed
to
calm
him
down
and
seek
help
from
a
neighbour.
她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。
He
is
going
to
Canada
to
seek
his
fortune.
他将要去加拿大寻找发财机会。
We
are
always
seeking
to
improve
productivity.
我们一直在设法提高生产效率。
思维拓展
(1)seek
(for)
sth./sb.寻找某物/某人
seek...from
sb.向某人请求……
seek
one’s
fortune外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡
seek
to
do
sth.(＝try
to
do
sth.)试图做某事，设法做某事
(2)hide-and-seek捉迷藏；躲猫猫
即学即练
单句语法填空
①When
the
thief
sought
__to
enter__(enter)
the
room,
a
cough
frightened
him
away.
②The
answer
to
the
question
must
be
__sought__(seek)
elsewhere.
③Robert
didn’t
feel
well
those
days,
so
he
had
to
seek
advice
__from__
his
doctor.
结合seek的用法完成句子
④Many
young
people
went
to
__seek
their
fortune__
in
Shanghai.
很多年轻人去上海寻找发财的机会。
6．earn
vt.&vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
典型例句
He
tried
to
earn
more
money
to
provide
for
a
large
family.
他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。
He
is
a
novelist
and
earns
a
living
by
writing.
他是一个小说家，靠写作为生。
As
a
teacher,
she
has
earned
the
respect
of
her
students.
作为教师，她已赢得学生的尊敬。
思维拓展
earn
money(＝make
money)赚钱，挣钱
earn
one’s/a
living(＝make
one’s/a
living)谋生
earn
fame/a
reputation赢得名声
earn
sb.sth.为某人赢得某物
earn
the
respect
of
sb.赢得某人的尊敬
易混辨析
obtain/earn/gain/get/win
(1)obtain应用范围较广，含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意，多用于正式场合。
(2)earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。
(3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。
(4)get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。
(5)win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①What
do
you
suppose
should
we
do
__to
earn__(earn)
respect
from
others?
②Devoted
to
his
work,
Mr
Brown
finally
__earned__(earn)
his
workmates’
respect
by
achieving
success.
单句写作
③After
graduation,
he
did
all
he
could
to
__earn/make
money__(挣钱)
to
support
his
family.
④(北京高考)Many
people
who
live
along
the
coast
__earn/make
a/their
living__(谋生)
in
fishing
industry.
7．select
vt.选择；挑选；选拔
典型例句
We
selected
him
to
take
part
in
the
English
contest.
我们挑选他去参加那场英语比赛。
They
selected
the
winner
from
six
finalists.
他们从六位决赛选手中选出获胜者。
We
selected
Tom
as
the
team
leader
because
he
was
very
responsible.
我们选汤姆当队长，因为他很负责。
思维拓展
(1)select
sb.to
do
sth.挑选某人做某事
select
sb./sth.from...从……中选出某人/某物
select
sb.as...挑选某人担任……
(2)selection
n．挑选，选择；被挑选的人(或物)
make
a
selection做选择(＝make
a
choice)
(3)selective
adj.选择性的；认真挑选的
易混辨析
elect/choose/select/pick
(1)elect“选举；选择”，指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法制，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选举出代表或负责人；也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。
(2)choose“挑选；选择”，指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志，带有最终选定的含义。
(3)select“精选”，语气比choose重，而且更正式，强调客观性，挑选对象是同类的。
(4)pick常与out连用，有“挑选，选择”之意，指仔细地、精心地选择，带有挑剔意味，有时可与select互换，意为“拣出，认出”。
即学即练
选词填空(elect/choose/select/pick)
①It
took
her
an
hour
to
__pick__
a
dress
that
suited
her.
②Chu
has
been
__selected__
to
attend
the
National
Young
Leaders’
Conference.
③We
have
__elected__
him
chairman.
④You
should
__choose__
friends
with
care.
单句语法填空
⑤Some
excellent
teachers
have
been
selected
__to
study__(study)
in
Beijing.
⑥Mr
Smith
was
selected
__as__
captain
because
of
his
excellent
skills
and
rich
work
experience.
⑦There
is
a
wide
__selection__(select)
of
food
available(可获得的)
in
this
restaurant.
8．claim
vt.&
n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言
典型例句
Over
3,000
lives
were
claimed
in
the
1906
San
Francisco
earthquake.
1906年的旧金山地震夺去了3
000多人的生命。
You
can
claim
your
money
back
if
the
goods
are
damaged.
如果货物有损坏，你可以要求退款。
It
is
claimed
that
soap
powders
pollute
the
water
we
drink.
据说肥皂粉污染了我们的饮用水。
You
may
make
a
claim
on
the
firm
for
the
damages.
你可以向公司提出赔偿损失的要求。
思维拓展
(1)claim
to
do/that...声称……
claim
for
sth.要求某物；索要某物
claim
sth.back索回某物，要回某物
It
is
claimed
that...有人主张……；据说……
(2)have
a
claim
to/on有要求……的权利
即学即练
单句语法填空
①So
far
nobody
__has
claimed__(claim)
the
wallet
discovered
in
the
classroom.
②The
scientist
claimed
__to
have
discovered__(discover)
a
new
kind
of
medicine.
③She
said
that
she
had
a
rightful
claim
__to/on__
the
property.
④It
__is
claimed__(claim)
that
humour
can
help
patients
recover
faster.
单句写作
⑤__The
company
claims
that__(公司声称)
it
is
not
responsible
for
the
pollution
in
the
river.
⑥The
car
accident
__has
claimed
five
lives__(夺去了五条生命)
so
far.
9．series
n．一系列；连续；接连
典型例句
There
was
a
series
of
bangs
as
the
box
fell
down
the
stairs.
箱子掉下楼梯时发出了一连串响声。
思维拓展
a
series
of一连串的；一系列的
a
TV
series一部电视连续剧
误区警示
(1)series
属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有
means,
species,
works(工厂)，deer,
fish,
sheep
等。
(2)“a
series
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those
series
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
A
series
of
lectures
is
scheduled.
一系列演讲已安排好了。
Two
series
of
lectures
are
scheduled:
one
for
experts
and
one
for
laypeople.
两套演讲已安排好了：一套为专业人员，一套为非专业人员。
即学即练
完成句子
①Then
began
__a
series
of__
wet
days
that
spoiled
our
vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
②There
__was__
a
series
of
car
accidents
at
the
crossing
this
morning.
今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。
单句语法填空
③She
gave
__a__
series
of
lectures
at
Warwick
University
last
year
on
contemporary
British
writers.
④He’s
had
a
series
__of__
badly
paid
jobs.
单句写作
⑤The
star
is
to
star
in
__a
television
series__(电视连续剧)
on
extreme
sports.
10．escape
vi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开
n.
逃跑；逃脱；解脱
典型例句
They
went
to
the
hills
to
escape
the
summer
heat.
他们去山中避暑了。
He
escaped
from
prison
this
morning.
他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。
Some
gas
is
escaping
from
the
pipe.
煤气管道漏气了。
The
boy
was
very
lucky
to
escape
punishment/being
punished.
这个男孩很幸运地逃脱了惩罚。
思维拓展
escape
(doing)
sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape
from/out
of...从……逃跑/逃走
escape
sb./one’s
attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘
have
a
narrow
escape死里逃生；幸免于难
make
one’s
escape逃跑；逃脱
名师点津
escape
doing
sth.结构中doing常用被动语态，即escape
being
done，意为“逃脱被……”。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①In
order
to
escape
__being
caught__(catch),
the
thief
attempted
to
hide
himself
among
the
trees
but
failed.
②No
one
can
escape
__punishment/being
punished__(punish)
if
he
breaks
the
law.
③He
narrowly
escaped
__from__
the
train
crash
without
injuries.
完成句子
④The
driver
narrowly
__escaped
being
killed__
in
the
traffic
accident.
这名司机在车祸中差一点被撞死。
⑤I
remember
seeing
him
somewhere
before,
but
his
name
__escapes
me
for
the
moment__.
我记得以前在某个地方见过他，但一时想不起他的名字。
句型转换
⑥He
narrowly
escaped
in
the
earthquake.
→He
had
__a
narrow
escape__
in
the
earthquake.
重
点
短
语
1．in
addition另外；除此之外；并且；况且
典型例句
In
addition,
many
died
from
the
diseases
brought
by
the
Europeans.
此外，许多人死于欧洲人带来的疾病。
思维拓展
in
addition
to＝besides(介词)除……之外(还有，也)
误区警示
in
addition＝besides(副词)＝what’s
more，通常用逗号与后面的部分隔开。
in
addition
to中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词形式。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①You
need
money
and
time，__in__
addition,
you
need
diligence.
②In
addition
__to__
English,
he
has
to
study
a
second
foreign
language.
单句写作
③__In
addition__(而且),
we
should
dress
ourselves
formally.
④__In
addition
to
giving__(除了给)
me
some
advice,
he
gave
me
some
money.
2．used
to
do
sth.过去常常做某事(暗指现在不做了)
典型例句
I
used
to
go
to
the
cinema
a
lot.
我以前常去看电影。
There
used
to
be
low
and
dirty
houses.
那里曾是一些又矮又脏的房舍。
名师点津
used
to有两个否定形式和两个疑问形式。一种直接使用used；一种借助于助动词did，如下：
否定形式：
used
not
to
do＝usedn’t
to
do
did
not
use
to
do＝didn’t
use
to
do
疑问形式：
Used＋主语＋to＋动词原形…?
Did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形…?
Used
your
father
to
drink
a
lot?
你父亲曾经喝酒很多吗？
Didn’t
he
use
to
drive
to
work?
他过去不曾开车上班吗？
易混辨析
used
to
do
sth.
be
used
to
(doing)
sth.
be
used
to
do
sth.
used
to
do
sth.
表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去习惯性的动作或经常存在的状态
be
used
to(doing)
sth.
表示“习惯于(做)某事”，其中to
为介词，后接(动)名词
be
used
to
do
sth.
表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态
Mr
White
used
to
live
in
China,
so
he
is
used
to
Chinese
dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。
Bamboo
can
be
used
to
build
houses.
竹子可用来建造房屋。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
used
__to
visit__(visit)
the
gallery
where
the
art
works
by
professional
painters
were
displayed.
②Wood
is
often
used
__to
make__(make)
desks
and
chairs.
③She
is
used
to
__living__(live)
in
the
countryside
now.
④My
grandparents
are
used
__to__
the
life
in
the
downtown.
完成句子
⑤I
__used
to
smoke__，but
I
gave
up
a
couple
of
years
ago.
我以前抽烟，但几年前就戒掉了。
⑥I
didn’t
think
I
could
ever
__get
used
to
living__
in
a
big
city
after
living
in
the
country.
我觉得在农村住了之后，我不能适应大城市的生活。
⑦I
__didn’t
use
to/usedn’t
to
like
him__
much
when
we
were
at
school.
以前我们上学时，我并不太喜欢他。
⑧It
can
__be
used
to
express__
almost
any
emotion.
它可用于几乎所有的情感表达。
3．head
to/for(朝……)前进；(向……)去
典型例句
In
the
afternoon,
I
headed
to
a
local
museum
that
showed
the
historical
changes
in
California.
下午，我前往当地的一家博物馆，这家博物馆展现了加利福尼亚的历史变迁。
It
is
not
clear
how
many
of
them
will
head
back
to
Saudi
Arabia
tomorrow.
尚不清楚他们当中有多少人明天将折回沙特阿拉伯。
思维拓展
(1)head
for/towards朝……前进
head
back
to回到……
head
north/south朝北/南走
(2)raise
one’s
head抬头
shake/nod
one’s
head摇头/点头
keep
one’s
head保持冷静
lose
one’s
head惊慌失措
use
one’s
head动脑筋
hold
one’s
head
high昂首挺胸
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Many
young
people,
most
of
whom
were
well-educated,
headed
__for/towards__
remote
regions
to
chase(追求)
their
dreams.
②He
came
along
with
other
tourists
and
__headed__(head)
for
the
harbour.
单句写作
③I
saw
Tom
__heading
for/towards__(正朝……走来)
me,
but
I
avoided
meeting
him.
④He
didn’t
even
__raise
his
head__(抬头)
when
I
came
in.
⑤You
should
__use
your
head__(动脑筋)
while
writing
the
summary.
4．bring
about导致；引起
典型例句
Many
new
changes
have
been
brought
about
in
China’s
industry.
中国的工业已产生许多新的变化。
The
accident
was
brought
about
by
John’s
carelessness.
这场事故是由于约翰的粗心造成的。
思维拓展
bring
back带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复
bring
down使……降低；使……倒下
bring
in引入；赚得；挣得
bring
out显现出；使发挥
bring
up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Born
into
a
family
with
three
brothers,
David
was
brought
__up__
to
value
the
sense
of
sharing.
②Scientists
say
that
many
factors
bring
__about__
the
changes
in
the
weather.
用bring的相关短语完成句子
③The
most
important
thing
to
the
company
is
to
__bring
in__
new
equipment.
④Being
__brought
up__
in
a
poor
family
made
Tom
very
diligent(勤勉地)
when
he
was
still
young.
⑤However,
cars
also
__bring
about__
so
many
problems
for
people,
which
should
be
given
more
attention
than
any
time
before.
⑥I
shall
__bring
up__
this
question
at
the
next
meeting.
⑦Recently,
an
old
milk
box
in
the
countryside
I
saw
__brought
back__
my
childhood
memories.
⑧Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
__brought
out__
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
5．apart
from除了……外(还)；此外
典型例句
Apart
from
the
construction
mentioned
above,
you
have
also
learned
the
following
phrases.
除了以上提到的结构，你们还学过下面的短语。
I
hardly
know
anyone
in
the
village
apart
from
you.
除你之外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。
Apart
from
a
few
faults,
he
is
a
faithful
friend.
除了有几个缺点外，他是一位值得信赖的朋友。
思维拓展
apart
from＝in
addition
to＝besides/as
well
as除……之外还……
易混辨析
apart
from,
in
addition
to,
besides,
except,
except
for,
except
that
apart
from
重在强调既含有“除了……还有”，也含有“把……排除在外”之意
in
addition
to
“除……之外还”，一般位于句首
besides
表示“除了……还有”
except
表示“把……排除在外”
except
for
表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况
except
that
意思与except
for相同，后须接从句
即学即练
选择以上短语填空
①As
a
senior
student,
we
study
other
subjects
__apart
from__
English.
②Your
article
is
well
written
__except
for/apart
from__
some
spelling
mistakes.
翻译句子
③Apart
from
English,
he
had
to
study
a
second
foreign
language
while
in
college.
__除了英语外，大学期间他还要学一门第二外语。__
④Apart
from
my
host,
I
didn’t
know
a
single
person
there.
__除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。__
完成句子
⑤__Apart
from
you
and
me__，I
don’t
think
there
is
anyone
under
30
in
the
party.
除了你和我，我认为聚会上没有谁是30岁以下的。
重
点
句
型
1．It
is
likely
that
Native
Americans
moved
to
California
at
least
fifteen
thousand
years
ago.
美洲土著居民很可能在至少一万五千年前迁往加州。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。
(2)It
is
likely
that...为固定句式，意为“很可能……”。
It
is
very
likely
that
my
parents
will
not
allow
me
to
go.
我父母很可能不会让我去。
Tickets
are
likely
to
be
expensive.
入场券可能很贵。
Me?
Go
climbing?
Not
likely!
我？去爬山？没门！
思维拓展
be
likely
to
do
sth.很可能做某事
not
likely绝不可能，才不呢(表示强烈反对)
易混辨析
possible，probable，likely
possible
强调客观上有可能，但实际上可能性很小
It
is
possible
that...或It
is
possible(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
probable
指有根据，合情理。表示“大概，很可能”。语气比possible重要，是most
likely之意
It
is
probable
that...
likely
是常用词，指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”
It
is
likely
that...或sb./sth.be
likely
to
do...
即学即练
选词填空(likely/possible/probable)
①It
is
__possible__
for
him
to
lend
us
his
car.
②We
are
__likely__
to
make
mistakes
when
learning
English.
③It
is
__probable/likely__
that
it
will
rain
today.Bring
your
umbrella
with
you.
句型转换
④It
is
likely
that
some
people
will
suffer
back
problems.
→Some
people
__will
be
likely
to__
suffer
back
problems.
2．In
fact，an
art
movement
called
the
“Mission
School”
started
here.
事实上，一场叫作“教会学校”的艺术运动开始于此。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是an
art
movement，谓语是started，called
the
“Mission
School”是过去分词短语作后置定语。
(2)过去分词作定语用法浅析：
They
are
cleaning
the
fallen
leaves
in
the
yard.
他们正在清理院子里的落叶。
Who
were
the
so-called
guests
invited
(＝who
had
been
invited)
to
the
party
last
night?
昨晚被邀请参加晚会的那些所谓的客人都是谁呀？
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
program
__designed__(design)
to
help
the
young
is
very
popular.
②He
borrowed
a
book
__written__(write)
by
Mo
Yan.
③I
bought
a
dress
__decorated__(decorate)
with
some
beautiful
patterns.
单句改错
④(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷短文改错)I
like
eating
frying
tomatoes
with
eggs,
and
I
thought
it
must
be
easy
to
cook.
__frying改为fried__
3．I
walked
around
looking
at
the
street
art
for
a
few
hours.
我在街上转了几个小时，欣赏街头艺术。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。使用了主谓结构。
(2)looking
at
the
street
art为现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随，表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，但与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系。
I
have
a
very
busy
life
with
no
time
to
sit
around
feeling
sorry
for
myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
Laughing
and
talking,
they
went
back
home.
他们有说有笑，回到了家。
He
sat
at
the
table,
reading
a
magazine.
他坐在桌子旁，读着一本杂志。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Tony
lent
me
the
money,
__hoping__(hope)
that
I’d
do
as
much
for
him.
②All
night
long
he
lay
awake,
__thinking__(think)
of
the
problem.
句型转换
③All
the
students
sat
in
the
classroom,
and
waited
for
their
new
teacher.
→All
the
students
sat
in
the
classroom,
__waiting
for
their
new
teacher__.
④The
young
man
held
a
torch
in
his
hand,
and
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
the
clock
tower.
→__Holding
a
torch
in
his
hand__，the
young
man
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
the
clock
tower.
4．In
the
same
year，gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush.
同年，在旧金山附近发现了黄金，这引起了淘金热。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是gold
was
discovered
near
San
Francisco，which
started
a
gold
rush是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
(2)which
引导非限制性定语从句
These
apple
trees,
which
I
planted
three
years
ago,
have
not
produced
any
fruits.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(which
指代
these
apple
trees)
John
passed
the
exam,
which
made
his
parents
very
happy.
约翰通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。(which
指代整个主句)
He
said
that
he
had
never
seen
her
before,
which
was
not
true.
他说他以前从没见过她，这不是真的。(which
指代主句中的宾语从句)
思维拓展
as
引导非限制性定语从句
She
is
late
again,
as
was
expected.
她又迟到了，正如预料的那样。(位于句末)
As
we
had
expected,
Tom
passed
the
driving
test.
正如我们预料的那样，汤姆通过了驾照考试。(位于句首)
Global
warming,
as
we
all
know,
has
caused
a
lot
of
natural
disasters.
众所周知，全球变暖已经引发了很多自然灾害。(位于句中)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work，__which__
helps
them
keep
fit.
②The
number
of
smokers，__as__
is
reported，has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
③I’ve
been
to
London，__which__
is
a
beautiful
city.
5．To
earn
a
living，some
opened
up
shops
and
restaurants
in
Chinatown.
为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是some，谓语是opened
up，宾语是shops
and
restaurants，in
Chinatown是地点状语，句首的To
earn
a
living是不定式短语作目的状语。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时可位于句首或句末，表强调时，通常可以在不定式符号to之前加上in
order或so
as，其否定形式为in
order
not
to...和so
as
not
to...
但so
as
to不可位于句首。
When
asked
why
he
went
there，he
said
he
was
sent
there
to
be
trained
for
a
space
flight.
当被问及他为什么去那里时，他说他被派去那儿接受太空飞行训练。
I
send
him
some
pictures
for
him
to
see
what
Paris
is
like.
我寄给他几张照片，让他瞧瞧巴黎是什么样子的。
She
arrived
early
in
order
to
get
a
good
seat.
为找个好位置，她早早地到场了。
Let’s
hurry
so
as
not
to
be
late
for
the
movie.
咱们快点儿吧，免得看电影迟到了。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①You
don’t
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long
__to
see__(see)
the
benefit.
②__To
make__
(make)matters
worse，Mr
Rove
is
more
important
now
than
in
the
past.
③(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空)Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
__to
find__(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
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