Unit
4
Space
Exploration
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
单元语法精析
动词不定式作定语和状语
语法点拨
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。这里重点讲解动词不定式作定语和状语的用法。
以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：
主动形式
被动形式
说明
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to
be
doing
/
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to
have
done
to
havebeen
done
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
一、动词不定式用作定语
1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
Let
us
give
him
something
to
eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
We
have
much
homework
to
do
tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
2．名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。
She
was
the
first
woman
to
win
the
gold
medal
in
the
Olympic
Games.
她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。
3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
But
Janis
Adkins
has
the
ability
and
desire
to
do
useful
work.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4．当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
I
usually
have
a
lot
of
meeting
to
attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
She
is
a
nice
person
to
work
with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We
must
find
a
person
to
do
the
job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
We
need
someone
to
go
and
get
a
doctor.
我们需要有人去请医生。
6．当名词与定语有同位关系时。
We
got
the
order
to
leave
the
city.
我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
airport
__to
be
completed__(complete)
next
year
will
help
promote
tourism
in
this
area.
②Do
you
have
anything
__to
do__(do)
tonight?
③The
best
way
__to
improve__(improve)
your
English
is
to
join
an
English
club.
二、动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1．目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in
order或so
as组成短语。
A
group
of
young
people
got
together
to
discuss
this
question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
In
order
to
help
him,
we
would
do
everything
we
can.
为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。
名师点津
不定式作目的状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
I
said
that
to
encourage
him.
我这么说是为了鼓励他。
(2)置于句首时只用to
do/in
order
to
do。如用于表示否定，in
order或so
as不能省略，用in
order
not
to
do或so
as
not
to
do形式。
I
walked
quietly
so
as
not
to
disturb
the
baby.
我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。
(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为so
that/in
order
that或so...that...引导的目的状语从句。
He
worked
very
hard
to
pass
the
exam.
→He
worked
so
hard
that
he
could
pass
the
exam.
→He
worked
hard
so
that/in
order
that
he
could
pass
the
exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2．原因状语，多见于“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to
do...”结构句中。
I
was
very
sad
to
hear
the
news.
听到这个消息我很难过。
3．结果状语，多见于“too...to”；“enough
to...”；only
to
do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such...as
to(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。
I’m
too
tired
to
do
well.
我太累了做不好。
He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
他到上学的年龄了。
He
rushed
back,
only
to
find
the
book
missing.
他冲了回来，却发现书不见了。
She
is
so
proud
as
to
look
down
upon
others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
4．独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
I’d
like
to
stay
healthy,
but
to
be
honest,
I
only
eat
food
that
tastes
good.
我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。
名师点津
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiously,
she
took
the
dress
out
of
the
package
and
tried
it
on,
only
to
find
it
didn’t
fit.
她急切地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。
(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。
His
father
passed
away,
leaving
him
a
little
money.
他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次))The
local
government
doesn’t
have
to
sacrifice
environmental
protection
__to
promote__
(promote)economic
growth.
②(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第二次))__To
help__
(help)us
prepare
for
the
exam,
the
teacher
suggested
reading
through
our
notes.
③__To
work
out__(work
out)
the
difficult
maths
problem,
I
have
consulted
Professor
Russell
several
times.
④__To
learn__(learn)
more
about
Chinese
culture,
Jace
has
decided
to
take
Chinese
folk
music
as
an
elective
course.
⑤He
hurried
to
the
station
only
__to
find__(find)
the
train
had
left.
⑥(全国卷Ⅱ)We
travel
on
Day
2
to
northern
France
__to
visit__(visit)
the
World
War
Ⅰ
battlefields.
⑦(全国卷Ⅲ)When
the
gorillas
and
I
frightened
each
other,
I
was
just
glad
__to
find__(find)
them
alive.
⑧(全国卷Ⅲ)Join
us
__to
taste__(taste)
a
variety
of
fresh
local
food
and
drinks.
语法专练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The
old
man
sat
in
front
of
the
television
every
evening,
happy
__to
watch__(watch)
anything
that
happened
to
be
on.
2．I
dialed
up
corporate
headquarters,
only
__to
be
told__(tell)
those
names
were
not
yet
public.
3．Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
__to
change__(change)
lives,
including
your
own.
4．The
building
__to
be
completed__(complete)
next
year
is
designed
for
teachers.
5．It’s
standard
practice
for
a
company
like
this
one
__to
employ__(employ)
a
security
officer.
6．__To
free__(free)
ourselves
from
the
physical
and
mental
tensions,
we
each
need
deep
thought
and
inner
quietness.
7．They
hurried
to
the
station,
only
__to
find__(find)
their
train
had
gone
five
minutes
before.
8．He
hurried
to
school
only
__to
find__(find)
nobody
there.
9．Can
you
tell
me
which
is
the
car
__be
repaired__(repair)?
10．I’m
glad
__to
know__(know)
the
news
that
we
have
won
the
match.
Ⅱ．根据提示完成句子
1．He
is
the
teacher
__to
teach
us
English
next
term__.
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2．I
have
nothing
__to
say
on
this
question__.
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3．The
whole
family
went
to
beach
__to
spend
their
weekend__.
全家人去海滩度周末。
4．We
shall
be
very
happy
__to
cooperate
with
you
in
the
project__.
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
5．The
next
plane
__to
arrive__
is
from
New
York.
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6．He
is
always
__the
first
to
come
to__
and
last
to
leave
the
office.
他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。
7．There
are
enough
chairs
for
the
guests
__to
sit
on__.
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
8．We
are
delighted
__to
know__
that
you’re
going
to
visit
us
next
month.
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
9．The
tea
is
__too
hot
to
drink__.
这茶太热了，不能喝。
10．He
lifted
a
rock
only
__to
drop
it
on
his
own
feet__.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
Ⅱ．语法主题应用
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想，请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang：I
1.__am
delighted
to
know__(很高兴得知)
you
are
interested
in
the
space
exploration.
Li：Indeed,
I’d
like
to
be
an
astronaut
in
the
future.
Zhang：Sounds
good.
2.__To
become
an
astronaut__(要想成为一名宇航员),
you
need
to
satisfy
the
requirements
of
a
qualified
astronaut.
Li：Yes.First
of
all,
I
should
study
hard
3.__to
get
a
related
college
degree__(为了得到一个相关的大学学位)．Besides,
I
must
take
exercise
every
day
4.__to
keep
healthy__(来保持健康)．
Zhang：Exactly.Have
you
heard
Yang
Liwei,
who
is
the
first
man
in
China
5.__to
go
into
space__(进入太空),
went
through
lots
of
mental
and
physical
training.
Li：Of
course.He
is
really
a
hero.He
realized
our
dream
6.__to
explore
space__(探索太空)．
PAGEUnit
4
Space
Exploration
Section
Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
如何写议论文
写作指导
议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，企图说服他人。高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下几点：
1．论点要鲜明、确切，一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点，论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证。
2．论据要充分、可靠。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语、格言、名人名言作为论据。
3．论证要严密、得法。归纳法和演绎法是议论文常用的论证方法。归纳法以例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法。演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来。
【常用表达】
第一部分，套用相关句型来引出议论。
1．Recently,
our
class
have
had
a
heated
discussion
about
whether...
2．These
years,
some
students
are
interested
in...
3．Now,
some
people
hold
the
view
that...
4．I’m
writing
to
tell
you
about
the
discussion
we
have
had
about...
5．There
are
two
opinions
on
it.
6．Opinions
are
divided
on
the
question.
第二部分，采用关联词和句型列举事实依据，采用正反对比或归纳推理的方法，证明所持观点的正确性及表明其所持的态度。
1．Besides/In
addition/Apart
from
it/What’s
more/Above
all...
2．For
example.../There
are...
such
as...and
so
on.
3．On
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...
4．First...Second...Third...
5．On
the
contrary/However/While.../But...
6．At
the
same
time,
we
should...
7．If...
I
believe
we
will...
8．As
we
see/As
we
all
know/As
far
as
I
know，...
9．Of
all
students,
40%
of
them
think...
but
others
do
not
agree.
10．Some
people
believe
that...
but
others
say/consider
that...
11．Some
students
are
for
the
idea/are
in
favor
of
it/agree
with
it,
while/but/however
others
are
against
it/disagree
with
it.
第三部分，引用表示因果关系的关联词语、总结性的语句强调和重申提出的观点，或者引用某些特定的短语和句型来揭示观点、礼貌地征求对方的建议。
1．In
a
word，....
/In
short，...
/In
brief，...
2．As
a
result，.../Therefore，...
3．No
doubt
doing
something
is.../There
is
no
doubt
that...
4．So
in
a
word,
we
should...
only
in
this
way
can
we...
5．Generally
speaking,
most
students
think
we
should...
6．In
fact/As
a
matter
of
fact,
we
can...
7．So,
for
something,
I
suggest
that
we
should
do...
8．In
my
opinion,
I
think...
9．I
have
my
own
view
about
it,
and
I
think...
10．Personally,
I
believe
it
is...
11．Now,
we
really
don’t
know
what
to
do
about
it.Could
you
tell
us
some
good
advice
and
help
us
out?
【写作模板】
(一)不同观点列举型(选择型)
There
is
a
widespread
concern
over
the
issue
that
(作文题目)__
__.But
it
is
well
known
that
the
opinion
concerning
this
hot
topic
varies
from
person
to
person.
A
majority
of
people
think
that
(观点一)__
__.In
their
views
there
are
two
factors
contributing
to
this
attitude
as
follows:
in
the
first
place,
(原因一)__
__.Furthermore,
in
the
second
place,
(原因二)__
__.So
it
goes
without
saying
that
(观点一)__
__.
People,
however,
differ
in
their
opinions
on
this
matter.Some
people
hold
the
idea
that
(观点二)__
__.In
their
point
of
view,
on
the
one
hand,
(原因一)__
__.On
the
other
hand,
(原因二)__
__.Therefore,
there
is
no
doubt
that
(观点二)__
__.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I
firmly
support
the
view
that
(观点一或二)__
__.It
is
not
only
because
__
__，but
also
because
__
__.The
more
__
__，the
more
__
__.
(二)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays,
there
is
a
widespread
concern
over
(the
issue
that)
(作文题目)__
__.In
fact,
there
are
both
advantages
and
disadvantages
in
(题目议题)__
__.Generally
speaking,
it
is
widely
believed
there
are
several
positive
aspects
as
follows.Firstly,
(优点一)__
__.And
secondly
(优点二)__
__.
Just
as
a
popular
saying
goes,
“every
coin
has
two
sides”，
(讨论议题)__
__
is
no
exception,
and
in
other
words,
it
still
has
negative
aspects.To
begin
with,
(缺点一)__
__.In
addition,
(缺点二)__
__.
To
sum
up,
we
should
try
to
bring
the
advantages
of
(讨论议题)
__
__
into
full
play,
and
reduce
the
disadvantages
to
the
minimum
at
the
same
time.
In
that
case,
we
will
definitely
make
a
better
use
of
the
(讨论议题)__
__.
(三)答题性议论文
Currently,
there
is
a
widespread
concern
over
(the
issue
that)
(作文题目)__
__.It
is
really
an
important
concern
to
every
one
of
us.
As
a
result,
we
must
spare
no
efforts
to
take
some
measures
to
solve
this
problem.
As
we
know,
there
are
many
steps
which
can
be
taken
to
undo
this
problem.First
of
all,
(途径一)__
__.In
addition,
another
way
contributing
to
success
of
solving
the
problem
is
(途径二)__
__.
Above
all,
to
solve
the
problem
of
(作文题目)__
__，we
should
find
a
number
of
various
ways.
But
as
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I
would
prefer
to
solve
the
problem
in
this
way,
that
is
to
say(方法)__
__.
(四)谚语警句性议论文
It
is
well
known
to
us
that
the
proverb
“(谚语)__
__”has
a
profound
significance
and
value
not
only
in
our
job
but
also
in
our
study.It
means
(谚语的含义)__
__.The
saying
can
be
illustrated
through
a
series
of
examples
as
follows.
A
case
in
point
is
(例子)
__
__.Therefore,
it
goes
without
saying
that
it
is
of
great
importance
to
practice
the
proverb
(谚语)__
__.
With
the
rapid
development
of
science
and
technology
in
China,
an
increasing
number
of
people
come
to
realize
that
it
is
also
of
practical
use
to
stick
to
the
saying:
(谚语)__
__.The
more
we
are
aware
of
the
significance
of
this
famous
saying,
the
more
benefits
we
will
get
in
our
daily
study
and
job.
精品展示
近年来，学生越来越广泛地使用电子词典，这既给学生带来了便利，也给学生带来了一些负面影响。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语短文：
1．电子词典的优点；
2．电子词典的缺点；
3．你的观点和结论。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
该写作属于利弊型的议论文，故以第三人称为主；时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步 确定段落
本文应该至少分四段：
Para.1 提出话题；
Para.2
使用电子词典的好处；
Para.3
使用电子词典的坏处；
Para.4
你的观点和结论。
第三步 提炼要点
1．The
discussion
about
electronic
dictionaries
has
never
stopped
in
the
past
few
years.
近几年来，关于电子词典的讨论从未停止过。
2．An
electronic
dictionary
has
lots
of
advantages.
电子词典有很多优点。
3．The
negative
effects
of
an
electronic
dictionary
are
also
obvious.
电子词典的负面影响也很明显。
4．It
can
be
most
helpful
to
us
in
many
respects
so
long
as
we
can
make
proper
use
of
it.
只要我们能适当地利用它，它在许多方面对我们都会很有帮助。
第四步 句式升级
1．电子词典有很多优点，最大的优点就是它的方便。
(一般表达)An
electronic
dictionary
has
lots
of
advantages.The
biggest
is
its
convenience.
(高级表达)An
electronic
dictionary
has
lots
of
advantages,
__of
which__
the
biggest
is
its
convenience.
2．现在，我们可以清楚地看到，电子词典本身并不是有益或有害的。
(一般表达)Now,
we
can
see
that
an
electronic
dictionary
is
not
beneficial
or
harmful
in
itself.
(高级表达)Now,
we
can
see
it
clearly
that
an
electronic
dictionary
is
__neither
beneficial
nor
harmful__
in
itself.
参考范文：
The
discussion
about
electronic
dictionaries
has
never
stopped
in
the
past
few
years.
An
electronic
dictionary
has
lots
of
advantages,
of
which
the
biggest
is
its
convenience.What’s
more,
they
can
pronounce
the
words
clearly.
Last
but
not
least,
more
and
more
students
can
afford
them.
However,
the
negative
effects
are
also
obvious.To
begin
with,
some
students
rely
too
much
on
them.In
the
second
place,
some
explanations
are
not
so
accurate.
Now,
we
can
see
it
clearly
that
an
electronic
dictionary
is
neither
beneficial
nor
harmful
in
itself.The
key
lies
in
the
users—so
long
as
we
can
make
proper
use
of
it,
it
can
be
most
helpful
to
us
in
many
respects.
亮点点评：
本文结构严谨。首段提出一个长时间争论的话题；第二段中指出该事物的优点；第三段阐述缺点；第四段首句下结论，表明此事物本身无对错，第二句指出关键在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就会从中受益。文章的论点和结论清楚明了，论据充分有力。
在文字的运用上，本文词汇丰富，衔接顺畅而不乏高级词汇。例如afford，rely
too
much
on和last
but
not
least等的运用，恰当而有力。
即学即练
暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出不同看法，请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。
优点
缺点
待在家中
花费少、舒适方便
不能亲身了解外界
外出旅游
增长知识、开阔眼界
花费多、旅途不便
注意：1.词数80左右(不含已写好的部分)；
2．短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：眼界horizon(或view)
The
summer
holiday
is
coming.Our
class
have
had
a
discussion
about
what
to
do
during
the
holiday.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
The
summer
holiday
is
coming.
Our
class
have
had
a
discussion
about
what
to
do
during
the
holiday.
Some
are
in
favor
of
staying
at
home.They
think
it’s
both
convenient
and
comfortable.What’s
more,
they
can
save
money
for
other
purposes.But
they
will
lose
the
chance
of
getting
to
know
the
outside
world.
However,
others
prefer
to
go
out
for
the
traveling
since
it
can
increase
their
knowledge
and
broaden
their
horizons.But
they
will
spend
more
money
and
meet
some
difficulties
while
traveling.
In
my
opinion,
it
would
be
much
better
to
stay
at
home，for
I
can
do
what
I
like,
such
as
reading
books,
watching
TV,
and
helping
my
parents
with
the
housework.
PAGEUnit
4 Space
Exploration
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
We
find
that
the
moon
is
about
239,000
miles
(384,551
km)
away
from
the
earth,
and,
to
within
a
few
thousand
miles,
its
distance
always
remains
the
same.
Yet
a
very
little
observation
shows
that
the
moon
is
not
standing
till.
Its
distance
from
the
earth
remains
the
same,
but
its
direction
continually
changes.We
find
that
it
is
traveling
in
a
circle—or
very
nearly
a
circle—round
the
earth,
going
completely
round
once
a
month,
or,
more
exactly,
once
every
27
and
1/3
days.
It
is
our
nearest
neighbor
in
space,
and
like
ourselves
it
is
kept
tied
to
the
earth
by
the
earth’s
gravitational
pull.
Except
for
the
sun,
the
moon
looks
the
biggest
object
in
the
sky.Actually
it
is
one
of
the
smallest,
and
only
looks
big
because
it
is
so
near
to
us.Its
diameter
is
only
2,160
miles
(3,476
km),
or
a
little
more
than
a
quarter
of
the
diameter
of
the
earth.
Once
a
month,
or,
more
exactly,
once
every
29
and
1/2
days,
at
the
time
we
call
“full
moon”，
its
whole
disc
looks
bright.
At
other
times
only
part
of
it
appears
bright,
and
we
always
find
that
this
is
the
part
which
faces
towards
the
sun,
while
the
part
facing
away
from
the
sun
appears
dark.Artists
could
make
their
pictures
better
if
they
kept
this
in
mind—only
those
parts
of
the
moon
which
are
lighted
up
by
the
sun
are
bright.
This
shows
that
the
moon
gives
no
light
of
its
own.It
merely
reflects
the
light
of
the
sun,
like
a
huge
mirror
hung
in
the
sky.
我们发现月球距离地球大约239
000英里(384
551公里)，在几千英里范围内，它的距离始终保持不变。然而，很小(角度)的观察表明，月球并不是静止的。它与地球的距离保持不变，但它的方向不断变化。我们发现它绕着地球转圈，或者几乎是一个圆，一圈转一月，或者更确切地说，一圈27又1/3天。它是我们在太空中最近的邻居，和我们一样，它被地球的引力束缚在地球上。
除了太阳，月亮看起来是天空中最大的物体。实际上它是最小的，看起来很大是因为它离我们太近了。它的直径只有2
160英里(3
476公里)，也就是地球直径的四分之一多一点。
一个月一次，或者更确切地说，每29.5天一次，在我们称之为“满月”的时候，它的整个圆盘看起来很亮。在其他时候，只有一部分看起来是明亮的，我们总是发现这是面向太阳的部分，而不面向太阳的部分看起来是黑暗的。如果艺术家们能记住这一点，他们的画就会变得更好——只有那些被太阳照亮的月球部分才是明亮的。这表明月球本身不发光。它只是反射太阳光，就像挂在天空中的一面大镜子。
词海拾贝
1．observation
n．观察
2．continually
adv.持续地
3．gravitational
adj.引力的；重力引起的
4．diameter
n．直径；对径；放大率；放大倍数
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__astronaut__
n．宇航员；太空人
2．__procedure__
n．程序；步骤；手续
3．__mental__
adj.
精神的；思想的
4．__intelligent__
adj.
有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→__intelligence__
n.
智力；
才智；
智慧
5．__rocket__
n．火箭；火箭弹
6．__gravity__
n．重力；引力
7．__frontier__
n.
边境；国界；边远地区
8．__vehicle__
n．交通工具；车辆
9．__universe__
n.
宇宙；天地万物→__universal__
adj.
普遍的；
全体的；
全世界的
10．__determined__
adj.
有决心的；意志坚定的→__determine__
vt.查明；确定；决定→__determination__
n．决心
11．__satellite__
n．人造卫星；卫星
12．__launch__
vt.&
n.
发射；发起；上市
13．__orbit__
n.
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.&
vi.
沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
14．__giant__
adj.
巨大的；伟大的
n.
巨人；巨兽；伟人
15．__leap__
n.
跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.&
vt.跳过；跃过
16．__mankind__
n．人类
17．__agency__
n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处→__agent__
n.
(企业、政治等的)
代理人，经纪人
18．__data__
n.
[pl.]资料；数据
19．__disappointed__
adj.
失望的；沮丧的→__disappointing__
adj.令人失望的→__disappoint__
vt.使失望→__disappointment__
n．失望
20．__desire__
n.
渴望；欲望
vt.
渴望；期望→__desirable__
adj.渴望的，有欲望的
21．__independently__
adv.独立地；自立地→__independent__
adj.
独立的；自立的→__independence__
n．独立→__dependent__
adj.依靠的，依赖的→__dependence__
n．信赖，依赖→__depend__
v．依靠；依赖
22．__spacecraft__
n.
航天器；宇宙飞船
23．__spacewalk__
n.
太空行走；太空行走的时间
24．__jade__
n.
玉；翡翠；玉器
25．__dock__
vi.&
vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……
进港
n.
码头；船坞
26．__signal__
vt.
&
vi.
标志着；标明；发信号
n.
信号；标志→__sign__
n.
迹象；
征兆；手势
v．签(名)；署(名)；打手势
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．carry
__on__继续做，坚持干
2．__on__
board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．__in__
the
hope
of
doing
sth.抱着……的希望
4．so
as
__to__
(do
sth.)为了；以便
5．__at__
the
age
of在……岁时
6．graduate
__from__从……毕业
7．__in__
the
future在将来
8．go
__up__增长，上升；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
9．come
__down__下来，下降，倒塌
10．look
__up__抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
11．find
__out__弄清楚；查明
12．focus
__on__集中(注意力，精力等)
13．believe
__in__相信；信任
14．__make__
progress取得进步
15．__in__
a
short
time在很短时间内
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．Before
the
mid-20th
century，most
people
felt
__travelling
into
space__
was
an
impossible
dream.
在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
2．These
disasters
__made__
everyone
__sad
and
disappointed__，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
3．Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
__not
only__
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began,
__but
also__
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们很好地活到未来。
Ⅳ．课文理解
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
Match
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Para.1 A．What
people
achieved
in
the
past
years.
Para.2
B．Why
people
don’t
stop
exploring
space
despite
risks.
Para.3
C．The
future
exploration
in
space.
Para.4
D．Human
beings
always
want
to
explore
space.
Para.5
E．The
achievement
which
China
has
made.
答案：Para.1－5
DABEC
二、细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．Yang
Liwei
successfully
orbited
Earth
in
the
Shenzhou
__C__
spacecraft
in
__C__.
A．2；2000
B．3；2001
C．5；2003
D．1；2002
2．Which
statement
is
right
according
to
the
passage？__C__
A．Nobody
thought
it
possible
to
travel
into
space
before
the
mid-20th
century.
B．On
14
October
1957
the
Sputnik
1
satellite
was
launched
by
the
USSR.
C．China
became
the
third
country
to
independently
send
humans
into
space.
D．Disasters
in
the
space
exploration
made
everyone
sad
but
not
disappointed.
3．Despite
risks,
people
continue
to
explore
space
because
__D__.
A．we
want
to
establish
more
space
stations
B．we
plan
to
carry
more
brave
people
into
space
C．we
can
provide
a
continuous
human
presence
in
space
D．we
believe
in
the
significance
of
space
exploration
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．determine
vt.查明；明确；决定
典型例句
My
aim
was
first
of
all
to
determine
what
I
should
do
next.
我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。
(2019·天津高考)Driven
by
heaven-knows-what
motives,
he
determines
to
write
a
book.
在天知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
His
enemies
are
determined
to
ruin
him.
他的敌人决意要毁了他。
思维拓展
(1)determine
to
do
sth.决定/决心做某事
determine
on
(doing)
sth.决定(做)某事
determine
sb.to
do
sth.使某人下决心做某事
(2)determined
adj.坚决的；有决心的
be
determined
to
do
sth.决心做某事
be
determined
that...决心……
(3)determination
n．决心；决定
with
determination坚决地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
have
determined
__on__
going
to
the
countryside
after
graduating
from
college.
②He
is
__determined__(determine)
to
take
good
care
of
his
parents
from
now
on.
③The
__determined__(determine)
expression
on
her
face
suggested
that
she
wouldn’t
change
her
mind.
④Helen
was
a
strong
girl
and
she
finally
achieved
her
dream
with
great
__determination__(determine)．
⑤(北京改编)__Determined__(determine)
to
be
myself,
move
forward,
free
of
shame
and
worldly
labels(世俗标签),
I
can
now
call
myself
a
“marathon
winner”．
单句写作
⑥He
__was
determined
to
make
good
use
of__(下定决心好好利用)
this
chance
to
learn
more
about
the
Chinese
culture.
⑦Paul
was
fond
of
Chinese
culture,
so
he
__determined
to
settle__(决定定居)
in
China.
一句多译
因为决心按时完成这项工作，他们立即着手工作。
⑧__Because
they
were
determined
to
complete__
the
job
on
time,
they
set
out
to
work
immediately.(原因状语从句)
⑨__Determined
to
complete__
the
job
on
time,
they
set
out
to
work
immediately.(形容词短语作状语)
2．disappointed
adj.失望的；沮丧的
典型例句
The
city
was
crowded
with
disappointed
people
with
no
interest
in
settling
down.
城市里挤满了失望的人们，他们不想在这里定居。
Adamski
says
he
was
very
disappointed
with
the
mayor’s
decision.
阿达姆斯基说他对市长的决定非常失望。
I
am
disappointed
in
myself
when
I
think
of
how
much
time
I’ve
wasted.
当想到我浪费了多少时间时，我对自己感到失望。
You
must
be
disappointed
at
losing
the
chance.
失去这次机会，你肯定很失望。
思维拓展
(1)be
disappointed
at/by
sth.对某事失望
be
disappointed
in/with
sb.对某人失望
be
disappointed
to
do
sth.因……感到失望
(2)disappoint
v.
使失望；使破灭，使落空
(3)disappointment
n.
[U]失望，[C]令人失望的人/事
(4)disappointing
adj.
令人失望的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人失望)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Although
I
was
__disappointed__(disappoint)
I
couldn’t
keep
the
toys,
I
was
somewhat
proud
to
take
them
back.
②To
my
__disappointment__(disappoint),
his
behaviour
cause
some
misunderstanding
between
us.
③The
teacher
is
disappointed
__at/about__
Tony’s
attitude
towards
study.
④We
were
greatly
disappointed
__to
know__(know)
that
she
was
absent.
⑤The
fans
were
disappointed
__in/with__
the
film
star
when
they
learned
some
negative
news
about
him
on
the
website.
⑥The
fans
looked
quite
__disappointed__(disappoint)
when
they
heard
the
__disappointing__(disappoint)
result.
单句写作
⑦The
workers
__were
disappointed
to
find__(失望地发现)
that
they
couldn’t
understand
the
instructions
on
the
machine.
⑧We
__are
disappointed
at/about__(对……感到失望)
your
previous
behaviour.
3．desire
n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望
典型例句
If
you
desire
physical
activities,
you
can
choose
activities
from
swimming
to
horse
riding.
如果你想参加体育运动，你可以选择从游泳到骑马等活动。
They
desire
to
help
those
who
are
in
need
of
help.
他们渴望帮助那些需要帮助的人。
She
desires
him
to
solve
this
problem.
她渴望他能解决这个问题。
She
desires
that
he
(should)
stay
with
her.
她渴望他跟她待在一起。
Do
you
have
an
intense
desire
for
truth
and
honesty?
你是否对真相、诚实有极强的渴望？
思维拓展
(1)desire
sth.渴望得到某物
desire
to
do
sth.希望做某事
desire
sb.to
do
sth.希望某人做某事
desire
that...希望……(从句中用should
do结构，should可以省略)
(2)have
a
desire
for
sth.渴望得到某物
have
a
desire
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He
desires
__to
join__(join)
the
army
and
devote
himself
to
the
country.
②Several
people
have
expressed
a
desire
__to
see__(see)
the
report.
③(2020·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashion
is
a
competitive
and
hard
business
where
people’s
desire
__for__
new
ideas
is
hard
to
satisfy.
④At
yesterday’s
meeting,
the
manager
desired
that
the
project
__(should)
be
finished__(finish)
on
time.
一句多译
在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。
⑤All
the
students
present
__have
a
strong
desire
to
go
to
a
key
university__.(desire
n．)
⑥All
the
students
present
__desire
to
go
to
a
key
university__.(desire
v．)
⑦All
the
students
present
desire
that
they
__(should)
go
to
a
key
university__.
4．independent
adj.独立的；自主的
典型例句
Mozambique
became
independent
in
1975.
莫桑比克于1975年获得独立。
思维拓展
(1)be
independent
of不信赖……；独立于……之外
(2)independence
n．独立；自主
independence
from
sb./sth.从……独立
(3)independently
adv.独立地；自主地
(4)dependent
adj.依靠的；依赖的
dependence
n．信赖，依赖
depend
v．依靠，依赖
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Not
only
my
spoken
English,
but
also
my
ability
to
live
__independently__(independent)
has
been
improved
a
lot.
②All
living
things
depend
__on__
the
sun
for
their
growth.
③Susan
wanted
to
be
independent
__of__
her
parents.She
tried
living
alone,
but
she
didn’t
like
it
and
moved
back
home.
④A
study
abroad
program
can
teach
students
__independence__(independent)
and
important
life
skills.
单句写作
⑤Now
that
you
have
grown
up,
you
should
__be
independent
of__(不依赖)
your
parents.
⑥Many
countries
left
and
__was/became
independent
from__(独立于)
the
empire
in
the
20th
century.
5．signal
vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n.
信号；标志
典型例句
He
signalled
to
the
waiter
for
the
bill.
他示意服务员结账。
He
signalled
her
to
stop
the
car.
他示意她停车。
Don’t
start
yet—wait
for
me
to
give
the
signal.
先别开始——等我发信号。
A
red
light
is
usually
a
signal
for/of
danger.
红灯通常是危险的信号。
思维拓展
(1)signal
to
sb.向某人发信号/示意
signal
(to)
sb.to
do
sth.示意某人做某事
signal
with...用……发信号
(2)a
signal
for
sb.to
do
sth.某人做某事的信号
易混辨析
signal,
symbol,
sign,
mark
易混词
区别
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
symbol
表示“象征”或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物
sign
指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指“征兆，迹象”
mark
既可指为方便辨认而有意做的“标记”，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
police
seems
to
be
__signaling__
(signal)
to
us
with
his
arm.
②In
order
not
to
be
heard,
she
pointed
her
finger
upwards
__to
signal__(signal)
that
someone
was
moving
about
upstairs.
③The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
a
rare
quiet
place
that
is
free
from
interference
from
radio
__signals__(signal)
from
Earth.
④In
our
class,
when
the
bell
rang
and
the
teacher
closed
his
book,
it
was
__a__
signal
for
everyone
to
stand
up.
⑤The
judge
signaled
__to__
a
police
officer
and
the
man
was
led
away.
选词填空(signal/sign/symbol/mark)
⑥In
Chinese
culture,
red
is
the
__symbol__
of
luck
and
happiness.
⑦You
can
make
a
__mark__
where
you
can’t
understand.
⑧Chest
pains
can
be
a
warning
__signal__
of
heart
problems.
⑨He
walked
up
and
down,
a
sure
__sign__
of
becoming
impatient.
重
点
短
语
1．go
up上升；增长；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
典型例句
The
prices
of
houses
have
gone
up.
房价已上涨。
New
factories
are
going
up
everywhere.
到处在兴建新工厂。
The
whole
building
went
up
in
flames.
整幢楼在大火中被焚毁了。
思维拓展
(1)go
up
by上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)
go
up
to上升到……(表示上升后的结果)
(2)go
after追逐；追求
go
against反对；违背；不利于
go
ahead进行，进展；做吧，干吧
go
along进展；继续
go
by(时间)流逝
go
over仔细检查
go
in
for爱好；参加考试(或竞赛)
go
out出去；熄灭
go
through仔细察看某事物，检查某事物；经历，遭受；(法律、合同等正式)通过
go
down(物价等)下跌；(温度等)下降；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落到地平线下，落下
go
without勉强凑合；没有……也行
即学即练
写出下列句中go
up的含义
①Several
new
malls
are
going
up
in
the
centre
of
this
city.__被建造__
②It
is
predicted
that
food
prices
will
continue
to
go
up
in
the
next
few
months.__上涨__
用go的相关短语完成句子
③Tall
buildings
are
__going
up__
along
the
new
road
leading
to
the
downtown
area.
④I
didn’t
__go
in
for__
poetry
before,
but
now
I’m
beginning
to
take
an
interest
in
it.
⑤As
time
__goes
by__，he
finds
it
important
to
learn
another
foreign
language.
⑥—The
woman
biologist
had
stayed
in
Africa
studying
wild
animals
for
13
years
before
she
returned.
—She
must
have
__gone
through__
a
lot!
单句语法填空
⑦To
get
a
better
grade，you
should
go
__over__
the
notes
again
before
the
test.
⑧I
was
in
the
middle
of
packing
up
my
things
when
suddenly
the
power
went
__out__
in
the
neighborhood.
2．look
up抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
典型例句
She
looked
up
from
her
books
as
I
entered
the
room.
我进房间时，她放下书，抬起头来看了看。
If
there
are
words
you
do
not
understand，look
them
up
in
a
dictionary.
如果有不懂的单词就查字典。
思维拓展
look
after照料；照顾
look
ahead展望未来
look
around环顾；四下看
look
at看；检查
look
back
on回忆
look
down
upon/on瞧不起
look
into调查；审查
即学即练
单句语法填空
①They
look
down
__upon/on__
this
kind
of
work.
②When
I
look
back
__on__
2014，I’m
proud
of
what
we
have
achieved.
③When
I
came
in，he
was
focusing
on
his
novel
and
didn’t
look
__up__.
3．focus
on集中(注意力、精力等)于
典型例句
The
discussion
focused
on
three
main
problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
All
eyes
were
focused
on
the
speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
思维拓展
“集中注意力于/全神贯注于……”表达法集锦：
concentrate
(one’s
mind/attention)
on
be
buried/absorbed/lost
in
keep
one’s
mind
on
focus/fix
one’s
mind/attention
on
lose
oneself
in/bury
oneself
in
即学即练
单句语法填空
①She
has
turned
down
several
invitations
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
focus
__on/upon__
her
studies.
②Catherine
was
seated
in
the
sofa,
totally
absorbed
__in__
the
book
about
youth
and
dreams.
完成句子
③I
can’t
__focus
on/upon或keep
my
mind
on或concentrate(my
attention/mind)
on或focus/fix
my
mind/attention
on或be
buried/absorbed/lost
in或lose/bury
myself
in__
the
book
with
him
singing
next
door.
由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。
4．carry
on继续做，坚持干
典型例句
After
the
meal,
the
managers
went
back
to
the
meeting
room
to
carry
on
their
discussion.
吃完饭后经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。
Whatever
difficulty
we
meet
with,
we
will
carry
on
with
the
project.
不管遇到什么困难，我们都将继续这项工程。
We
all
carried
on
singing
as
if
nothing
odd
was
happening.
我们继续歌唱，就像什么怪事也没发生过一样。
思维拓展
(1)carry
on
doing
sth.继续做某事
carry
on
with
sth.继续某事
(2)carry构成的其他短语：
carry
out实施，执行(指示、命令等)，完成(任务)
carry
sth.through(克服困难后)把……进行到底，完成
carry
sb.through使某人渡过难关
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Having
read
stories
of
Lin
Qiaozhi,
the
girl
was
determined
to
carry
__on__
with
her
good
work.
②(湖北改编)He
gave
himself
a
new
name
to
hide
his
identity
when
he
went
to
carry
__out__
the
secret
task.
③You’ll
have
an
accident
if
you
carry
on
__driving__(drive)
like
that.
④He
asked
us
to
assist
him
in
carrying
__through/out__
his
plan.
用carry短语的适当形式填空
⑤Although
faced
with
so
many
difficulties,
they
still
__carry
on
with__
their
research.
⑥The
support
of
her
mother
__carried__
Jane
Goodall
__through__
and
she
devoted
herself
to
the
study
of
chimps.
⑦After
two
trials，we
began
to
__carry
out__
the
task.
⑧The
team
will
have
to
__carry
on__
without
Professor
Smith.
5．in
the
hope
of
doing
sth.抱着……的希望
典型例句
He
was
studying
in
the
hope
of
being
admitted
to
an
engineering
college.
他努力学习，希望能被一所工程学院录取。
This
question
must
be
brought
up
time
and
again
in
the
hope
of
attracting
universal
attention.
这个问题必须反复讲，以引起各方面的重视。
思维拓展
(1)in
the
hope
of希望……(of是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
(2)in
the
hope
that/in
hopes
that...希望……(that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope/hopes的具体内容)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
am
writing
to
you
__in
the
hope
that__(希望)
you
can
lend
me
some
money
because
mine
is
running
out.
②Bob
and
his
young
brother
came
to
New
York
__in
the
hope
of
finding__(希望找到)
well-paid
jobs
to
support
themselves.
③Her
parents
sent
her
abroad
__in
the
hope
that__(希望)
she
could
get
a
better
education.
6．so
as
to
(do
sth.)为了；以便
典型例句
The
journalist
raised
his
hand
so
as
to
earn
a
chance
to
ask
the
question
to
the
spokesperson.
那名记者举手想获得向发言人提问的机会。
The
mother
covered
the
baby
so
as
to
protect
him
from
being
hurt.
母亲把婴儿盖起来为了保护他免受伤害。
名师点津
动词不定式的一个主要作用，是在句中作目的状语。in
order
to或so
as
so则使“目的”更加明确。
易混辨析
so
as
to,
in
order
to,
in
order
that,
so
that,
so...as
to
so
as
to
常放在句中，不能放在句首。(否定形式：so
as
not
to)引导目的状语
in
order
to
可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”(否定形式：in
order
not
to)
in
order
that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等
so
that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/might等
引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词
so...as
to
引导结果状语，意为“如此……以至于”(否定形式：so...as
not
to)
误区警示
当用
so
as
to或in
order
to时，句子前后动作的主语须一致。否则，用
so
that或in
order
that。
即学即练
完成句子
①He
ran
quickly
__so
as
to(或in
order
to)__
catch
the
last
bus.
他跑得很快以便赶上末班车。
②We
turned
on
the
light
__so
that__/__in
order
that__
we
might
see
what
it
was.
＝We
turned
on
the
light
__so
as
to__
see
what
it
was.
我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。
③She
is
__so__
angry
__as
not
to__
say
a
word
in
front
of
him.
她如此生气以至于在他面前说不出一句话。
单句语法填空
④All
these
gifts
must
be
mailed
immediately
so
as
to
__be
received__(receive)
in
time
for
Christmas.
重
点
句
型
1．Before
the
mid-20th
century，most
people
felt
travelling
into
space
was
an
impossible
dream.
在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
(1)句式分析：这是一个复合句。主句的主语是most
people，felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travelling
into
space是动名词作主语，was是系动词，an
impossible
dream是表语。
(2)v.-ing(短语)作主语
①v.-ing(短语)作主语往往表示一般情况或抽象动作，其被动形式为being
done。
②谓语动词的数：单个的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但是两个及以上的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据叙述的事来确定。如果是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。
Reading
aloud
is
very
important
for
us
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
大声朗读对我们学习外语非常重要。
Being
praised
by
his
teacher
made
him
regain
confidence.
被老师表扬使他重新获得了信心。
Seeing
much,
suffering
much,
and
studying
much
are
the
three
pillars
of
learning.
见识多、遭难重、钻研深是学问的三大要素。
③当use，good，worth，fun等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的v.-ing后置。常见句型有：
It
is
no
use/no
good/a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/浪费时间。
It
is
worth
doing
sth.做某事是值得的。
I
think
it
is
no
good
reading
in
bed.
我认为在床上看书没有好处。
It
is
worth
seeing
the
movie
for
another
time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
④v.-ing(短语)作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在前面加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
Rose’s
coming
won’t
be
of
much
help.
罗丝的到来不会有多大帮助。(不能用Rose)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__Knowing__(know)
the
differences
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
helpful
to
your
experiment.
解析：句意：了解这两项研究结果的不同将有助于你的实验。
②(2019·天津改编)Learning
to
think
critically(批判性地)
__is__(be)
an
important
skill
today’s
children
will
need
for
the
future.
解析：句意：学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知，主语是Learning
to
think
critically(批判性地)，为v.-ing短语作主语，表示一般性的陈述概念，故主句的谓语动词应是is。
③(2019·江苏改编)__His__(he)
making
the
same
mistake
again
made
his
teacher
very
angry.
解析：句意：他再次犯了同样的错误，这使他的老师非常生气。
④It’s
no
use
__worrying__(worry)
about
it.You
can
do
something
to
change
it.
解析：句意：担心他没有用。你可以做一些事情来改变它。
⑤__Being
brought__(bring)
up
in
a
poor
family
made
Tom
very
hard-working
when
he
was
still
young.
解析：句意：在一个贫穷的家庭长大让汤姆在很小的时候就很勤奋。分析句子结构可知，此处用v.-ing短语作主语，Tom与bring
up之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Being
brought
up。
2．These
disasters
made
everyone
sad
and
disappointed，but
the
desire
to
explore
the
universe
never
died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These
disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad
and
disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the
desire，to
explore
the
universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
该结构的具体形式：
①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
⑤make
it＋宾补＋不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
Every
day
my
parents
make
me
have
an
egg.＝Every
day
I
am
made
to
have
an
egg
by
my
parents.
我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
It’s
too
noisy.I
can’t
make
my
voice
heard.
太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。
We
must
make
the
room
clean.
我们必须把房间打扫干净。
We
made
Tom
monitor.
我们让汤姆当班长。
The
heavy
rain
made
it
impossible
for
us
to
go
out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
误区警示
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
①能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
②宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to则必须加上；
③如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①This
produced
a
chain
reaction，which
made
__it__
possible
for
life
to
develop.
②The
teacher
raised
his
voice
so
that
he
could
made
himself
__heard__(hear)．
单句写作
③Mary
tried
to
__make
us
stay
for
supper__(留我们吃晚饭)．
④He
believes
that
the
system
will
__make
him
a
better
doctor__(让他成为一名更好的医生)．
3．Despite
the
difficulties，scientists
hope
future
discoveries
will
not
only
enable
us
to
understand
how
the
universe
began，but
also
help
us
survive
well
into
the
future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not
only...but
also...。
(2)not
only...but
(also)…表示“不但……而且……”。该结构用法说明：
Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
was
against
the
plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
He
not
only
read
the
book，but
also
remembered
what
he
had
read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
Not
only
does
the
sun
give
us
light
but
also
it
gives
us
heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Not
only
he
but
also
I
__am__(be)
fond
of
playing
the
piano.
②Not
only
his
parents
but
also
his
brother
__has
gone__(go)
to
the
Summer
Palace,
and
they
haven’t
been
back
yet.
③Not
only
he
but
also
his
parents
__were__(be)
pleased
when
the
result
was
announced.
④Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
__is__(be)
to
give
a
speech
at
the
opening
ceremony.
单句写作
⑤__Not
only
my
sister
but
also
my
parents__(不但我姐姐而且我的父母)
like
this
TV
series.
一句多译
他不但种花，而且种蔬菜。
⑥He
grows
vegetables
__as
well
as__
flowers.
⑦He
__grows
not
only__
flowers
__but
also__
vegetables.
PAGEUnit
4
Space
Exploration
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__recycle__
vt.
回收利用；再利用→__cycle__
n.
循环；
自行车
2．__muscle__
n.
肌肉；实力；影响力
3．__lack__
n．缺乏；短缺；vt.没有；缺乏
4．__float__
vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt.使浮动；使漂流
5．__otherwise__
adv.
否则；要不然
6．__beyond__
prep.在更远处；超出
7．__solar__
adj.
太阳的；太阳能的
8．__current__
adj.
当前的；现在的
n.
水流；电流；思潮→__currently__
adv.
现时；
目前；
当前；
时下
9．__sufficient__
adj.足够的；充足的
10．__towel__
n．毛巾；抹布
11．__tissue__
n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
12．__facility__
n.
设施；设备
13．__globe__
n．地球；世界；地球仪→__global__
adj.
全球的；
全世界的
14．__argue__
vt.&
vi.论证；争辩；争论→__argument__
n．争论；争吵；论点
15．__fatal__
adj.
致命的；灾难性的→__fate__
n.
命中注定的事(尤指坏事)；命运的安排；
命运
16．__shallow__
adj.肤浅的；浅的
17．__pattern__
n.
模式；图案；模范
18．__monitor__
n.
监视器；监视仪
vt.监视；监测；监控
19．__regularly__
adv.
经常；定期地→__regular__
adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→__irregular__
adj.不规则的；无规律的→__regulation__
n．规章，规则，条例
20．__pillow__
n.
枕头
21．__smartphone__
n．智能手机
22．__resource__
n.
资源；财力；物力
23．__limited__
adj.有限的→__limit__
vt.&
n．限制→__unlimited__
adj.无限的→__limitless__
adj.无限制的；无止境的
24．__closing__
adj.
结尾的；结束的
n.
停业；关闭；倒闭
25．__mystery__
n.
神秘事物；谜→__mysterious__
adj.神秘的
26．__attach__
vt.
系；绑；贴
27．__oxygen__
n.
氧；氧气
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．solar
__system__太阳系；类太阳系
2．figure
__out__弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
3．result
__in__导致；造成
4．as
__a__
result所以；结果(是)
5．provide
__for__
sb.提供生活所需
6．__in__
closing
最后
7．run
__out__用完；耗尽
8．look
forward
__to__期望；期待；盼望
9．be
curious
__about__对……好奇
10．plenty
__of__大量；许多
11．know
__about__了解；知道……的情况
12．make
__a__
difference有影响；有重要作用
13．__a__
number
of若干；许多
14．__at__
present目前；现在
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．Yeah，I
__can’t
wait
to
see__
Captain
Brown!
是的，我等不及要见布朗船长了！
2．Countries
around
the
globe
are
spending
billions
of
dollars
and
lots
of
time
on
various
space
missions，__whether__
to
Mars
__or__
other
planets
much
further
away.
世界各国正花费数十亿美元和大量时间在火星或其他更遥远的星球的各种太空任务上。
3．Therefore，it
__should__
continue
so
as
to
provide
new
and
better
solutions
to
people’s
short-term
and
long-term
problems.
因此，它应该继续为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案。
4．It
is
necessary
to
find
a
new
home
for
people
in
space,
__as
the
resources
on
Earth
will
run
out__.
由于地球上的资源会耗尽，在太空中为人们找到一个新家是有必要的。
Ⅳ．课文预读
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
1．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
text？__A__
A．Introducing
different
benefits
of
exploring
space.
B．Introducing
the
history
of
exploring
space.
C．Introducing
different
opinions
about
space
exploration.
D．Introducing
the
development
of
exploring
space.
2．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Para.1：__Different
opinions
about
space
exploration.__
Para.2：__Exploring
space
has
made
a
difference
in
the
fight
against
world
hunger.__
Para.3：__Space
exploration
has
already
promoted
technological
improvements
that
benefit
US.__
Para.4：__Sending
astronauts
into
space
has
helped
people
to
think
about
the
world’s
problems
and
even
to
find
ways
to
solve
them.__
Para.5：__Exploring
space
provides
the
world
with
many
benefits,
so
it
should
continue.__
二、细读文章后判断下列句子的正误(T/F)
1．Some
people
think
that
we
should
spend
time
and
money
feeding
the
world’s
poor
and
finding
immediate
solutions
to
other
problems
instead
of
wasting
them
on
space
exploration.(
T
)
2．There
are
lots
of
satellites
orbiting
Earth
which
can
help
fight
against
world
hunger.(
T
)
3．Space
exploration
has
already
promoted
technological
improvements
that
benefit
only
those
who
have
been
into
space.(
F
)
4．In
order
to
provide
for
such
a
rapidly
increasing
population,
scientists
have
found
other
planets,
for
example
Mars,
which
can
be
our
new
home.(
F
)
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．lack
n．缺乏；短缺
vt.没有；缺乏
典型例句
I’m
not
worried
about
her
lack
of
experience—we
can
easily
train
her.
我一点也不担心她缺少经验，我们可以很容易地培训她。
Their
trip
was
cancelled
for
lack
of
money.
因为缺钱他们的旅行被取消了。
The
reason
why
he
failed
in
the
driving
test
was
that
he
lacked
confidence
in
himself.
他驾照考试失败的原因是对自己缺乏信心。
思维拓展
(1)(a)
lack
of...缺乏/少……
for
lack
of...因缺乏……
(2)lack
sth.缺乏/少某物
(3)lacking
adj.(不用于名词前)缺乏，不足
be
lacking
in...缺乏……
误区警示
lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
lack作名词时，其后接介词of。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①(2020·天津市耀华中学期末)Although
__lacking__(lack)
the
support
of
the
banks,
Mike
managed
to
save
his
company
with
the
help
of
his
friends.
②They
gave
up
carrying
out
the
plan
__for__
lack
of
money.
③The
real
trouble
lies
in
their
lack
__of__
confidence
in
their
abilities.
一句多译
汤姆尽管缺乏信心，但尽了一切努力，最终梦想成真。
④Though
Tom
__lacked
confidence__，he
made
every
effort
and
his
dream
came
true
at
last.
⑤In
spite
of
__(a)
lack
of
confidence__，Tom
made
every
effort
and
his
dream
came
true
at
last.
2．otherwise
adv.否则；要不然
典型例句
My
parents
lent
me
the
money.Otherwise,
I
couldn’t
have
afforded
the
trip.
我父母借钱给我了。否则，我付不起这次旅费。
I
will
try
my
best
to
do
it.I
would
not
make
a
promise
otherwise.
我会尽全力去做的，否则我就不会作出承诺。
You
must
go
early,
otherwise
you
will
miss
the
bus.
你必须早点走，否则就赶不上那趟公共汽车了。
名师点津
(1)通常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”的句型，意为“否则”，相当于or。
(2)otherwise作句子副词时，还常用于引起含蓄型虚拟语气句，表示如果某事没有发生，就会发生另一件事，该句谓语部分多用“would/could＋have
done”。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Do
some
exercises
as
a
preparation
before
you
swim.__Otherwise__，you
might
hurt
yourself.
②He
must
have
completed
his
work；__otherwise__，he
wouldn’t
be
enjoying
himself
by
the
seaside.
③We
lost
our
way
in
that
small
village.Otherwise
we
__would/could
have
visited__(visit)
more
places
of
interest
yesterday.
单句写作
④Thanks
for
your
directions
to
the
house；we
wouldn’t
have
found
it
__otherwise__(否则)．
⑤They
got
two
free
tickets
to
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
Olympics；__otherwise__(否则)
they’d
never
have
been
able
to
afford
to
go.
3．current
adj.
当前的；现在的
n.
水流；电流；思潮
典型例句
The
current
is
the
strongest
in
the
middle
of
the
river.
河中央的水流最急。
This
button
switches
the
current
on.
这个电钮接通电源。
Most
of
the
old
are
interested
in
current
events.
大部分老人都对时事感兴趣。
The
word
is
no
longer
in
current
use.
这个词现在已经不再使用。
思维拓展
(1)the
current
technology目前的技术
the
current
situation当前的形势
current/the
latest
events当前事件/最新事件
current
affairs时事
current
money流通货币
electric
current电流
(2)currently
adv.当前；现时
currency
n．通货；货币；支付手段
即学即练
写出下列句中current的词性及含义
①The
current
situation
in
the
world
is
a
little
tense.__adj.目前的；现在的__
②Strong
currents
and
winds
swept
their
boat
out
to
sea.__n．水流__
单句语法填空
③The
__current__(currency)
situation
in
that
African
country
is
very
tense,
so
you’d
better
not
go
there.
④Zhu
Ting,
one
of
the
most
excellent
players
in
China,
__currently__，(current)
plays
for
Tianjin
Bohai
Bank.
单句翻译
⑤你能谈谈沙漠的现状吗？
__Can
you
say
something
about
the
current
conditions
in
the
desert？__
4．argue
vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论
典型例句
The
boy
argued
with
his
teacher
about
his
homework.
那个男孩因为作业与老师争执了起来。
Don’t
argue
about
this
matter
any
more.
不要再为这件事情进行争论了。
People
in
that
city
argue
that
their
city
is
the
most
lively
city
in
the
world.
那个城市的人们认为他们的城市是世界上最富有生机的城市。
But
there
are
many
people
who
argue
for
changing
their
jobs.
但是有许多赞成换工作的人。
It
is
very
difficult
to
argue
against
the
use
of
this
drug.
反对这种药物的使用十分困难。
思维拓展
(1)argue
with
sb.about/over
sth.与某人争论某事
argue
for为支持……而争辩
argue
against为反对……而争辩；不赞成
argue
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.说服某人做某事/不做某事
argue
that...争辩……；认为……
(2)argument
n．争论；争辩；辩论
It
is
beyond
argument
that...无可争辩的是……
易混辨析
argue与debate
argue侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。
debate侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Tom
has
been
arguing
__with__
his
brother
about
where
they
should
go
for
their
holidays.
②Robert
argued
__against__
reducing
his
pocket
money
every
month.
③Most
teachers
argued
__for__
an
increase
in
their
salaries.
④It’s
no
use
__arguing__
(argue)
with
me
about
the
matter.
⑤You
should
solve
the
problem
by
__argument__(argue),
not
by
fight.
单句写作
⑥I
finally
__argued
him
out
of__(说服他不)
going
on
such
a
dangerous
journey.
⑦We
tried
to
__argue
her
into
joining__(说服她加入)
us
in
helping
the
homeless.
选词填空(argue/debate)
⑧Many
experts
had
__argued__
for
the
Three
Gorges
Water
Conservancy
Project
for
many
years
before
it
started.
⑨Last
Friday,
we
__debated__
whether
students
should
use
their
smartphones
on
weekdays
at
school.
5．limited
adj.有限的
典型例句
I
have
only
a
limited
understanding
of
French.
我只懂得一点儿法语。
The
amount
of
money
we
have
is
limited.
我们现有的钱不多。
思维拓展
(1)limit
vt.限制；限定
n．限制；范围，界限(常作复数)
limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
set
a
limit
to
sth.对……限定范围
within
the
limits
of在……范围内
beyond
the
limit超过限度；超越极限
There
is
a/no
limit
to...……是有/无限度的(to是介词)
(2)unlimited
adj.尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的
limitless
adj.无限制的；无止境的
limitation
n．限制；控制；局限
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Time
is
__limited__(limit),
so
we
must
get
down
to
work
now.
②Henry
is
a
man
of
__limited__(limit)
ability,
so
the
manager
won’t
allow
him
to
take
charge
of
the
department.
③The
universe
is
becoming
bigger
all
the
time,
so
it
is
__limitless__(limit)．
④There
is
a
limit
__to__
what
one
person
can
do.
完成句子
⑤In
my
opinion,
you
had
better
__set
a
limit
to__
the
expense
of
this
trip.
在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
⑥Life
is
limited,
but
there
is
__no
limit
to
learning__.
生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。
⑦They
believe
that
you
will
go
__beyond
the
limit__，and
go
beyond
yourselves.
他们相信，你们将超越极限，超越自己。
⑧The
length
of
the
article
__should
be
limited
to__
400
words
or
so.
文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。
6．attach
vt.系；绑；贴
典型例句
Please
attach
these
labels
to
your
hand
luggage.
请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。
I
will
attach
a
document
to
the
letter.
我将把文件附在信上。
He
is
deeply
attached
to
the
old
camera.
他非常爱惜那个旧相机。
This
middle
school
is
attached
to
a
normal
college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
Parents
attach
much
importance
to
education.
父母认为教育很重要。
思维拓展
(1)attach...to...把……固定在/附在……上
attach(great/little)importance/significance/value/weight
to认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)attached
adj.附加的；附属的；依恋的
be
attached
to喜欢；附属于；为……工作
误区警示
以上attach短语中的to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Attach
a
recent
photo
__to__
the
application
form.
②To
be
honest,
a
lot
of
people
attach
great
importance
__to__
becoming
rich
and
famous.
③My
youngest
brother
is
attached
__to__
collecting
cars.
单句写作
④With
a
label
__attached
to__(贴在)
each
piece
of
luggage,
it
is
easy
for
passengers
to
recognize
their
own
luggage.
⑤My
parents
always
__attach
great
importance
to__(非常重视)
my
getting
a
good
education.
⑥The
school
__is
attached
to__(附属于)
Beijing
Normal
University.
重
点
短
语
1．figure
out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；合计；计算出
典型例句
Can
you
figure
out
the
answer
to
the
question?
你能想出这个问题的答案吗？
I
still
can’t
figure
out
why
she
burst
into
tears
yesterday.
我仍然想不明白她昨天为什么会突然大哭起来。
My
father
is
trying
to
figure
out
his
tax.
我的父亲正在努力计算他的税额。
Have
you
figured
out
how
much
the
trip
will
cost?
你算出来旅行要花多少费用了吗？
思维拓展
“动词＋out”型的其他短语：
break
out(战争、灾难等)爆发；发生
bring
out使显示；出版；生产
come
out出现；出版；结果是
give
out分发；分布；用完；耗尽
leave
out遗漏，省略
look
out/watch
out当心；留神
make
out勉强看出、听出；理解；弄清楚
pick
out精心挑选；辨别出
point
out指出
set
out出发，动身；(怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
turn
out制造；
生产；原来是；结果是
work
out算出；想出；制定出；锻炼；解决；产生结果；被证明有效
即学即练
写出句中figure
out的含义
①Please
help
me
to
figure
out
my
income
tax.__计算出__
②I’m
busy
now.You
should
figure
out
a
way
to
solve
the
problem.__弄明白__
③I
can’t
figure
out
why
he
gave
up
the
well-paid
job.__弄清楚__
单句语法填空
④I
couldn’t
figure
__out__
what
made
our
boss
so
angry
at
the
meeting.
⑤We
need
to
study
and
figure
out
how
__to
promote__(promote)
our
products.
用含out的有关短语填空
⑥When
the
Second
World
War
__broke
out__，my
grandfather
was
at
university.
⑦When
we
climbed
to
the
top
of
Mount
Tai，my
legs
__gave
out__.
⑧The
book
has
been
translated
into
more
than
30
languages
since
it
__came
out__
in
1945.
⑨It
was
so
foggy
that
the
driver
could
hardly
__make
out__
the
way
ahead.
⑩To
keep
fit,
the
famous
actress
spends
about
two
hours
__working
out__
every
day.
?He
said
he
was
a
general；but
later
he
__turned
out__
to
be
a
cheat.
?While
crossing
the
street,
you
must
__look
out/watch
out__
for
the
cars.
2．look
forward
to
期望；期待；盼望
典型例句
We
should
look
forward
to
the
future.
我们应该展望未来。
I
look
forward
to
paying
you
a
visit
next
week.
我期待着下星期去拜访你。
名师点津
look
forward
to
中的
to
为介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
思维拓展
to
为介词的短语：
pay
attention
to
注意
devote...to...致力于……
prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……
contribute
to为……做贡献
belong
to属于
get
down
to着手做……
lead
to通向，导致
object
to反对
refer
to谈判，涉及，参考，查阅
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I’m
looking
forward
to
__visiting__(visit)
the
art
gallery
next
week.
②The
day
we
had
been
looking
forward
to
__came__(come)
at
last.
完成句子
③I
have
seen
the
film,
now
__I
am
looking
forward
to
reading
the
book__.
我看过这部电影，现在我盼望读这本书。
3．make
a
difference有影响；有重要作用
典型例句
Your
support
will
certainly
make
a
difference
in
our
cause.
你的支持当然会对我们的事业起作用。
It
makes
a
difference
which
you
choose.
你选择哪一个，事关重大。
思维拓展
make
a
big/great
difference
(to)(对……)产生很大的影响
make
no/little
difference
(to)(对……)无影响；没关系
It
makes
no
difference
to
sb.whether...or
not...是否做某事对某人没有影响。
即学即练
单句写作
①Hannah
is
one
of
many
examples
of
young
people
who
__are
making
a
difference__(正产生影响)
in
the
world.
②What
she
says
will
__make
no
difference
to__(对……无影响)
our
plan.
③What
we
are
doing
now
will
__make
a
big/great
difference
to__(对……产生很大的影响)
the
children’s
future.
4．result
in导致；造成
典型例句
Positive
thinking
and
action
result
in
success.
积极的思想和行动导致成功。
The
accident
resulted
in
the
death
of
two
people.
这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
思维拓展
result
in(＝lead
to＝contribute
to)导致，引起(其后接结果)
result
from(＝lie
in)由……产生，存在于(其后接原因)
as
a
result所以；结果(是)
as
a
result
of因为；由于
图解助记
result
in与result
from
易混辨析
as
a
result与as
a
result
of
as
a
result“因此，结果(是)”，单独使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
as
a
result
of“作为……的结果，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Our
effort
resulted
__in__success.
②The
failure
resulted
__from__
his
laziness.
③A
powerful
typhoon
hit
our
town,
__resulting__(result)
in
great
damage.
单句写作
④His
great
discovery
__resulted
from/lay
in__(缘于)
his
determination
and
devotion
to
science.
⑤Stress
and
tiredness
often
__result
in/lead
to/contribute
to__(导致)
a
lack
of
concentration.
⑥After
he
took
charge
of
the
company,
the
business
didn’t
pick
up.__As
a
result__(结果),
people
left
the
company
one
after
another.
选词填空(as
a
result/as
a
result
of)
⑦He
had
some
bad
fish.__As
a
result__，he
felt
ill
this
morning.
⑧He
can’t
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting
__as
a
result
of__
his
serious
injuries
in
an
accident.
一句多译
就我所知，这个事故是由他的粗心大意导致的。
⑨As
far
as
I
know,
his
carelessness
__resulted
in__
the
accident.
⑩As
far
as
I
know,
the
accident
__resulted
from__
his
carelessness.
5．a
number
of若干；许多
典型例句
A
great
number
of
fine
songs
were
written
by
Li
Zongsheng.
李宗盛写出了大量好听的歌曲。
Only
a
small
number
of
students
attended
the
evening
class.
只有少数学生去上夜校。
名师点津
a
number
of用于修饰可数名词复数，number前可加large,
good,
great,
small等形容词。
思维拓展
其他同义表达：
many
a/more
than
one＋可数名词单数(谓语用单数)
＋可数名词复数
＋不可数名词
They
have
raised
a
good
deal
of
money
to
help
the
poor.
他们已经募捐了大量资金来救助那些贫困的人。
He
has
made
quite
a
few
new
friends.
他交了许多新朋友。
易混辨析
a
number
of,
the
number
of
a
number
of
修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“许多；大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the
number
of
修饰可数名词的复数形式，表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Up
to
now,
a
large
number
of
new
houses
__have
been
built__(build)
for
those
who
lost
their
homes
in
the
terrible
earthquake.
②During
the
last
three
decades,
the
number
of
people
taking
part
in
physical
fitness
programs
__has
increased__(increase)
sharply.
③An
increasing
number
of
students
__are__(be)
choosing
to
go
abroad
to
study
every
year.
④(2020·山东师大附中高一期中)A
large
number
of
people
__are__(be)
fluent
English
speakers,
and
the
number
of
people
learning
English
__is__(be)
increasing
rapidly.
单句写作
⑤__A
large
number
of__(大量)
soldiers
were
sent
to
rescue
the
people
trapped
in
the
earthquake.
⑥__The
number
of
graduates__(毕业生人数)
in
our
university
this
year
is
2,000.
6．provide
for
sb.提供生活所需
典型例句
As
long
as
you
are
able
to
work,
you
need
to
provide
for
yourself
and
your
family.
只要能工作，你就得养活你自己和你的家人。
She’d
have
enough
money
to
provide
for
her
children
until
she
could
find
work.
她在找到工作前应该有足够的钱供养孩子。
思维拓展
向某人提供某物
provided
(that)
...＝providing
(that)…倘若；在……情况/条件下
My
goal
is
to
provide
humans
with
a
life
of
high
quality.
我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
This
is
a
group
that
provides
housing
and
services
for
needy
people.
这是一个为贫穷的人提供住房和服务的团队。
I
will
play
tennis
provided
(that)
we’ve
finished
by
5
pm.
要是我们5点结束，我就去打网球。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
website
provides
students
__with__
free
information
about
how
to
choose
a
good
college.
②You
should
provide
a
qualified
witness
__for__
your
application.
③__Provided/Providing__
(provide)
that
his
plan
was
practical,
the
first
thing
we
should
do
was
to
make
people
aware
of
the
environmental
problems.
④My
father
provides
__for__
our
family
by
working
in
an
IT
company.
一句多译
父母应该为他们的孩子们提供一个良好的教育。
⑤__Parents
should
provide
their
children
with
a
good
education.__
⑥__Parents
should
provide
a
good
education
for/to
their
children.__
7．run
out用完；耗尽
典型例句
Conditions
are
getting
worse
and
supplies
are
running
out.
情况越来越糟，补给也快耗尽了。
His
money
soon
ran
out.
他的钱很快就花完了。
思维拓展
(1)run
out
of用完(及物动词短语)
use
up用完；耗尽(及物动词短语)
give
out用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
(2)run
across偶然遇到
run
after追逐；追踪
run
into撞上；偶然碰见
误区警示
run
out
of和use
up：及物短语，主语一般是人，后面可接宾语
run
out和give
out：不及物短语，主语为物，其后不能接宾语，也不用于被动语态
即学即练
单句语法填空
①We
must
take
measures
quickly
because
time
is
running
__out__.
②He
has
run
out
__of__
all
the
energy.
③He
has
used
__up__
all
the
money
his
parents
gave
him.
④After
so
long
a
walk,
all
his
strength
gave
__out__.
用run的相关短语完成下面情景
⑤The
adventurer
__ran
out
of__
his
supplies
gradually.The
worst
thing
was
that
his
water
was
__running
out__.He
decided
to
find
somebody
for
help.Just
then,
he
__ran
across/into__
a
hunter.
选择填空(run
out/run
out
of/use
up)
⑥Some
people
waste
too
much
water.They
don’t
believe
that
it
can
__run
out/be
used
up__
some
day.
⑦They
__ran
out
of/used
up__
their
money
and
had
to
abandon(中止)
the
project.
⑧After
three
hours’
climbing
the
mountain,
her
patience
__ran
out/was
used
up__
and
didn’t
want
to
walk
any
further.
完成句子
⑨I
__ran
across/into__
an
old
friend
of
mine
in
the
street,
whom
I
haven’t
seen
for
years.
我在街上碰见了一个几年没见的老朋友。
⑩Food
supplies
in
the
flood-stricken
area
are
__running
out(或giving
out)__.We
must
act
immediately
before
there’s
none
left.
洪水灾区的食品供应即将用尽，在用完之前我们必须立即行动。
重
点
句
型
1．Yeah，I
can’t
wait
to
see
Captain
Brown!
是的，我等不及要见布朗船长了！
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是I，can’t
wait是谓语，to
see
Captain
Brown是宾语。
(2)can’t
wait
to
do
sth.表示“迫不及待要做某事”。
—What
did
your
parents
buy
you
for
your
birthday?
——你父母给你买了什么生日礼物呢？
—I
don’t
know.I
can
hardly
wait
to
see
it.
——我不知道。我迫不及待地想看一看。
The
children
can’t
wait
for
the
arrival
of
Children’s
Day.
孩子们迫不及待地等着儿童节的到来。
即学即练
单句语法填空
When
they
knew
there
was
a
panda
in
the
zoo，the
children
could
hardly
wait
__to
see__(see)
it.
2．Countries
around
the
globe
are
spending
billions
of
dollars
and
lots
of
time
on
various
space
missions，whether
to
Mars
or
other
planets
much
further
away.
世界各国正花费数十亿美元和大量时间在火星或其他更遥远的星球的各种太空任务上。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是Countries
around
the
globe，谓语是are
spending，billions
of
dollars
and
lots
of
time是宾语。whether
to
Mars
or
other
planets
much
further
away是whether引导的让步状语从句，该从句用了省略结构。
(2)句中whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……，不管……还是……”。whether...or...还可引导名词性从句。
Whether
you
believe
it
or
not，it
is
true.
不管你是否相信，那都是真的。
I’ll
buy
some
souvenirs，whether
they
are
cheap
or
expensive.
无论贵贱，我都要买一些纪念品。
I
don’t
know
whether
he’ll
come
or
not.
我不知道他是否会来。
思维拓展
连接并列结构的句式有：
both...and...既……也……
not
only...but
also...不但……而且……
either...or...或者……或者……
neither...nor...既不……，也不……
not...but...不是……，而是……
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Mrs.Green
doesn’t
know
whether
her
daughter
is
in
New
York
__or__
in
London.
②The
bears
live
in
outdoor
forest
cages
big
enough
to
let
the
animals
decide
whether
to
play
together
__or__
stay
away
from
each
other
most
of
the
day.
③Neither
Jackson
__nor__
his
parents
were
invited
to
the
party
last
night.
④Bob
refused
the
job
offer,
not
because
he
didn’t
like
it,
__but__
because
the
salary
was
low.
单句写作
⑤Alice
can
__not
only__(不但)
dance
__but
also__(而且)
sing.
3．Therefore，it
should
continue
so
as
to
provide
new
and
better
solutions
to
people’s
short-term
and
long-term
problems.
因此，它应该继续为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的更好的解决方案。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是it，should
continue是谓语，后面是目的状语。
(2)should在句中意为“应该；必须”。
Dr
Bethune
insisted
that
the
patient
should
be
operated
on
at
once.
白求恩大夫坚持应立刻给病人动手术。
We
should
respect
our
teachers
and
parents.
我们应该尊敬老师和父母。
思维拓展
情态动词should用法小议：
①意为“竟然”，表示惊异、意外等感情。
②表示“应该，应当”，用于劝告或建议。
③用于推断，译成“按理应当，可能”等。
④用于虚拟语气。表示命令、请求、建议等的词后所接的从句中，谓语动词要用“should
do”，should可省略。
⑤should
have
done表示“本该做某事却没有做”；shouldn’t
have
done
表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
You
shouldn’t
surf
the
Internet.
你不应该上网。
Try
phoning
Robert
—
he
should
be
home
now.
给罗伯特打电话试试，他现在应该在家。
He
insisted
that
we
(should)
start
right
away.
他坚持要我们马上动身。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
monitor
said
that
we
__should__(shall)
have
a
class
meeting
the
next
week.
②—Sorry，Mum！I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh，it’s
too
bad.You
__should__
have
made
full
preparations.
③I
find
it
astonishing
that
he
__should__
be
so
rude
to
you.
4．It
is
necessary
to
find
a
new
home
for
people
in
space,
as
the
resources
on
Earth
will
run
out.
由于地球上的资源会耗尽，在太空中为人们找到一个新家是有必要的。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是It
is
necessary
to
find
a
new
home
for
people
in
space，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语：to
find
a
new
home
for
people
in
space；as
the
resources
on
Earth
will
run
out是as引导的原因状语从句。
(2)as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时，表示“因为，由于”，所表示的理由较弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。
As
she
wrote
hurriedly,
she
didn’t
notice
the
spelling
errors.
因为写得仓促，她没有注意到拼写错误。
As
he
was
tired,
he
went
to
bed
at
once.
因为累了，他立即就去睡觉了。
Everyone
likes
you
as
you
are
both
kind
and
honest.
人人都喜欢你，因为你不仅善良，而且诚实。
即学即练
完成句子
①Some
pressure
is
good
for
you
__as/since
it
can
help
you__
try
harder.
有一些压力对你是有好处的，因为它可以帮助你更加努力。
写出下列句中as引导的从句类型
②—Coach,
can
I
continue
with
the
training?
—Sorry,
you
can’t
as
you
haven’t
recovered
from
the
knee
injury.__原因状语从句__
③As
the
average
age
of
the
population
increases,
there
are
more
and
more
old
people
to
care
for.__时间状语从句__
④Will
you
please
do
the
experiment
as
I
am
doing？__方式状语从句__
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