Unit
5
The
Value
of
Money
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
单元语法精析
情态动词和过去将来时
语法点拨
一、情态动词
(一)can/could
1．表示能力，can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。
You
can
tell
the
significance
of
climate
change
to
us.
你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。
I
had
hoped
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage,
but
I
couldn’t
manage
it.
我本来希望送给彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但没有做到。
误区警示
can表示能力的时候，还可以用be
able
to代替，表示后来通过努力终于做成了某事。
He
was
a
good
swimmer
so
he
was
able
to
swim
to
the
riverbank
when
the
boat
sank.
他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。
2．表示请求或许可。
当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。
—Can/Could
I
use
your
bike
tomorrow
morning?
—Yes,
you
can./No，I’m
afraid
not.
——我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？
——是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。
You
can
go
with
them
if
you
like.
如果你愿意的话，可以和他们一起去。
3．表示推测。
can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(could一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用“can/could＋have＋过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。
It
can’t/couldn’t
be
true.
那不可能是真的。
Can/Could
he
have
heard
the
news?
他听说过这个消息了吗？
4．表示客观的、一时的情况，意思是“有时候会”。
The
weather
in
Shanghai
can/could
be
very
cold
in
winter.
上海冬季可能很冷。
5．表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How
can
you
be
so
careless!
你怎么那么粗心呀！
即学即练
选词填空(can/could/be
able
to)
①My
grandma
is
well
over
eighty,
but
she
__can__
read
without
glasses.
②Being
a
wise
person,
he
finally
__was
able
to__
find
the
place.
③The
cheater
said
that
he
__could__
turn
stone
into
gold.
(二)may/might
1．表示请求或允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can，但作否定回答时要用mustn’t或can’t。
You
may
come
if
you
wish.
如果你想来，你就来。
May(Might)
I
ask
for
a
photo
of
your
baby?
我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
—May
I
smoke
here?
—No，you
mustn’t.You’d
better
not.
——我可以在这里吸烟吗？
——不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。
2．表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。
The
crowds
might
damage
the
beauty
of
the
place.
人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。
She
may
not
know
about
it.
她可能不知道这件事。
3．用于表祝愿的句子中。
May
both
the
bride
and
groom
have
happy
lives.
祝新娘新郎幸福绵长。
即学即用
①—Are
you
going
to
her
party?
—I’m
not
sure.I
__might__
stay
home
and
help
my
brother
with
his
homework.
②__May__
you
have
a
happy
weekend.
(三)must/have
to
1．must表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have
to表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事。mustn’t表示禁止做某事；have
to的否定形式表示“不必”。have
to可用于多种时态中。
I
work
not
because
I
have
to,
but
because
I
want
to.
我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。(客观上需要做这件事)
You
must
keep
these
points
in
mind
while
setting
your
goals.
在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。(主观上要做这件事)
误区警示
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t
have
to。
—Must
we
hand
in
our
exercise
books
now?
—Yes,
you
must.(No,
you
needn’t./No，you
don’t
have
to.)
——我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？
——是的，必须。(不，不必)。
2．must表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”，只用于肯定句。
The
book
must
be
the
one
you
want.
这本书一定是你要的那本。
She’s
wearing
a
diamond
necklace.She
must
have
a
lot
of
money.
她戴着钻石项链，她一定很有钱。
3．must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。
Why
must
it
rain
on
Sunday?
为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
即学即练
用适当的情态动词填空
①My
sister
is
ill；my
mother
__has
to__
look
after
her.
②There’s
a
lot
of
noise
from
next
door.They
__must__
be
having
a
party.
③—Must
I
return
all
the
books
in
three
days?
—Yes,
you
__must__.(No,
you
__needn’t/don’t
have
to__.)
④If
you
__must__
go,
at
least
wait
until
the
storm
is
over.
(四)shall
1．表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
Shall
I
get
you
some
more
tea?
再来点茶好吗？
Shall
the
boy
wait
outside?
让那男孩在外面等吗？
2．表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You
shall
come
on
time.
你必须准时到。(命令)
He
shall
have
the
book
when
I
finish
reading
it.
我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)
Nothing
shall
stop
us
from
carrying
out
this
plan.
没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)
No
reader
shall
remove
a
book
from
the
library
without
permission.
未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。(警告)
3．表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须；应该”。
One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
shall
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
我们规定中的其中一项是：每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。
Each
part
shall
respect
the
articles
of
this
contract.
任何一方都要尊重合同的条款。
即学即练
写出下列句中shall的含义
①You
shall
fail
if
you
don’t
work
harder.__警告__
②You
shall
get
an
answer
from
me
tomorrow.__允诺__
③You
shall
be
punished
for
what
you’ve
done.__威胁__
④Shall
I
watch
TV
for
a
while？__征求意见__
(五)should
1．表示义务、责任，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。
(2019·北京高考)Students
should
have
a
proper
attitude
towards
college
before
thinking
about
which
college
to
attend.
在考虑上哪所大学之前，学生应该对大学有一个正确的态度。
You
should
be
polite
to
your
teachers.
你对老师应该有礼貌。
2．表示可能性很大的猜测，说明说话人对客观事物的真实性作出较大可能的判断，意为“想必一定，照说应该；估计”等。
The
film
should
be
very
good
as
it
is
starring
first-class
actors.
这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
3．表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。
Amazing!
You
should
wear
slippers
at
work.
真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班！
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Such
a
clever
boy
__should__
fail
the
exam.
②We
__should__
obey
the
school
rules
and
work
hard.
③It’s
already
10.She
promised
to
come
by
10.She
__should__
be
here
at
any
moment.
(六)will/would
1．表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。
I
will
never
do
that
again.
我决不会再做那种事了。
2．表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
Will/Would
you
pass
me
the
book?
请你把书递给我好吗？
3．will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。
Fish
will
die
without
water.
没有水，鱼会死去。
When
my
parents
were
away,
my
grandmother
would
take
care
of
me.
我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。
(2019·江苏高考)I
would
be
happy
to
wear
traditional
Chinese
clothes
at
the
welcome
ceremony.
我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He
__would__
go
to
the
river
nearby
to
fish
on
weekends
when
he
was
young.
②—Sorry,
I
forgot
to
tell
John
about
your
party.
—Doesn’t
matter.I
__will__
call
him
in
a
while.
③__Would__
you
open
the
window,
please?
I
feel
it
is
a
little
stuffy
here.
(七)need
1．用作情态动词，need意为“需要，有必要”，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把need提前，否定形式是在need后加not。
You
needn’t
come
here
this
afternoon.
你今天下午不必来。
2．用作实义动词，意为“需要，有必要”，可以用于各种句式中。
You
don’t
need
to
go
now.
你不必现在就走。
I
need
to
have
a
rest.
我需要休息一下。
Do
we
need
to
finish
all
the
work
today?
我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
即学即练
单句语法填空
①—Must
I
stay
here?
—No,
you
__needn’t__.
②You
__need__
not
be
told
twice
about
one
single
thing.
(八)dare
1．dare作情态动词时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去形式为dared。
How
dare
you
say
I’m
unfair?
你怎么敢说我不公平？
He
daren’t
speak
English
before
such
a
crowd,
dare
he?
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，是吗？
If
we
dared
not
go
there
that
day,
we
couldn’t
get
the
beautiful
flowers.
如果那天我们不敢去那里，我们就得不到美丽的花。
2．dare作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
I
dare
to
swim
across
this
river.
我敢游过这条河。
He
doesn’t
dare
(to)
answer.
他不敢回答。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①How
__dare__
you
fight
against
him?
②Now
one
__dare__
say
he
had
nothing
on.
二、过去将来时
1．过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。一般由“would/should＋动词原形”构成。
She
hoped
that
they
would
meet
again
someday.
她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。
I
rang
up
to
tell
my
father
that
I
should
leave
for
London.
我打电话告诉我父亲我要去伦敦。
2．was/were
going
to＋动词原形：表示过去将要发生或很有可能发生的动作，常用于口语中，表示预言、意图或者打算等。
He
was
going
to
start
work
the
following
week.
他打算下星期开始工作。
—Alice,
why
didn’t
you
come
yesterday?
—I
was
going
to,
but
I
had
an
unexpected
visitor.
——爱丽丝，你昨天为什么没来呀？
——我打算去的，但我家来了个不速之客。
3．was/were
about
to
do：常用来表示即将发生的动作，“刚要/正要做……”。注意该结构不与任何时间状语连用。
I
felt
that
something
terrible
was
about
to
happen.
我感到某种可怕的事情即将发生。
We
were
about
to
go
there
when
it
began
to
rain.
我们刚打算去那儿，这时天下起了雨。
4．start，go，come，leave，see，meet等动词的过去进行时：表示就过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。
She
was
coming
later.
她随后就来。
I
had
just
put
on
my
overcoat
and
was
leaving
to
visit
a
friend
of
mine.
我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。
5．was/were
to
do：表示“曾计划做某事”，如果表示“本来计划做某事，动作没实现”，则需用“was/were
to
have
done”。
She
said
she
was
to
have
told
me
about
the
accident.
她说她本来想告诉我关于事故的事。
He
said
he
was
to
meet
his
friend
at
the
station
at
4
p．m.
他说他下午四点去车站接他的朋友。
即学即练
用所给动词的适当形式完成句子
①She
said
the
bus
__was
leaving__(leave)
at
five
the
next
morning.
②I
wasn’t
sure
whether
he
__would
lend__(lend)
me
his
book
the
next
morning.
③At
that
time
he
did
not
know
that
quitting
the
job
__was
to
become__(become)
the
turning
point
in
his
life.
④He
said
he
__was
going
to
visit__(visit)
China
the
next
week.
⑤In
his
introduction,
he
made
it
clear
that
our
credits
__would
be__(be)
hard-earned.
语法专练
Ⅰ．用适当的情态动词填空
1．Can
you
help
me?
I
__can__
never
understand
this.
2．__Could/Can__
you
tell
me
what
time
it
is,
please?
3．Henry
__could__
walk
when
he
was
one
year
old.
4．We
are
going
for
a
walk.__Would__
you
like
to
join
us?
5．He
said
there
__would__
be
a
concert
that
evening.
6．You
__must__
be
Mr
Smith.I
was
told
to
pick
you
up.
7．He
has
waited
outside
for
half
an
hour.__Shall__
he
come
in?
8．You
__needn’t__
give
me
a
lift.I
want
to
walk
home
for
exercise.
9．__Will__
she
be
ten
years
old
next
month?
10．—__Must__you
interrupt
now？Can’t
you
see
I’m
on
the
phone?
—Sorry,
sir,
but
it’s
an
emergency.
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
__can
cause
serious
problems__
for
a
company.
在今天的信息化时代，丢失数据可能会给公司造成严重的问题。
2．My
room
is
a
mess,
but
I
__needn’t
clean
it__
before
I
go
out
tonight.I
can
do
it
in
the
morning.
我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。
3．(北京高考)Samuel,
the
tallest
boy
in
our
class,
__can
easily
reach
the
books__
on
the
top
shelf.
塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻而易举地拿到书架顶层的书。
4．She
said
that
__she
couldn’t
take
it__
without
your
help.
她说，要是没有你的帮助，她不能做成。
5．If
you
attempt
to
practice
yoga,
__you
may/might
feel
tired__
at
the
beginning,
but
you’ll
grow
stronger
in
the
long
run.
当你尝试去练习瑜伽，也许在刚开始时你会感到疲倦，但是从长远来看这让你变得更强壮。
6．She
said
she
__was
going
to
prepare
for__
her
trip.
她说她将为她的旅行作准备。
7．I
wondered
when
we
__should/would
leave__
for
Paris.
我想要知道我们什么时候动身去巴黎。
8．He
__was
about
to
dive__
when
he
saw
a
shark.
他正要潜水时突然看见了一条鲨鱼。
9．I
still
remember
my
happy
childhood
when
my
mother
__would
take
me
to__
Disneyland
at
weekends.
我仍然记得我快乐的童年，我的母亲周末会带我去迪士尼乐园。
10．I
know
you
have
an
important
performance
tonight.__May
you
succeed__!
我知道你今晚有个重要演出，祝你成功！
Ⅱ．语法主题应用
用适当的情态动词、动词的过去将来时介绍一下你的高考备考情况。
1．还有三个月就要高考了，这让我压力很大；
2．因为我晚上熬夜，我竟然在课堂上睡着了；
3．以往考得不好的时候，我的父母都会安慰我；
4．现在我能进行自我调节了；
5．我要遵守科学的作息规律；
6．祝我在高考中取得好成绩。
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参考范文：
The
College
Entrance
Examination
will
be
in
three
months,
which
makes
me
under
great
pressure.
Because
I
stay
up
late
at
night,
I
should
fall
asleep
in
class.My
parents
would
comfort
me
when
I
didn’t
do
well
in
the
exam.Now
I
can
adjust
myself.
I
shall
observe
scientific
work
and
rest
rules.May
I
gain
good
results
in
the
College
Entrance
Examination.
PAGEUnit
5
The
Value
of
Money
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，Reading
for
Writing
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__intention__
n．打算；计划；意图；目的→__intend__
vt.计划；打算
2．__nowhere__
adv.无处；哪里都不
3．__extent__
n．程度；限度；大小；范围
4．__opera__
n．歌剧
5．__musical__
n．音乐剧
adj.音乐的→__music__
n．音乐；乐曲→__musician__
n．音乐家；作曲家
6．__dinosaur__
n．恐龙
7．__hug__
vt.&
vi.拥抱；抱紧
8．__pursue__
vt.追求；致力于
9．__duty__
n．责任；义务；职责；值班
10．__hesitate__
vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→__hesitation__
n．犹豫
11．__eventually__
adv.最后；终于→__eventual__
adj.最后的；
最终的；
结果的
12．__tailor__
n．(男装)裁缝
vt.专门制作；定做
13．__clerk__
n．职员；文书；店员
14．__manner__
n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪→__manners__
n．礼仪；礼貌
15．__downstairs__
adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
16．__stair__
n．楼梯；梯级
17．__aside__
adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存
18．__option__
n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权→__optional__
adj.
可选择的；随意的
19．__broad__
adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
20．__indeed__
adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实
21．__normal__
adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的
n．常态；通常标准；一般水平
22．__willing__
adj.愿意的；乐意的
23．__element__
n．要素；基本部分
24．__plot__
n．故事情节；布局；阴谋
25．__upper-class__
adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的→__upper__
adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的
26．__maintain__
vt.维持；保持；维修；保养
27．__permission__
n．准许；许可；批准；许可证→__permit__
vt.&
vi.允许；准许；使有可能
28．__saying__
n．谚语；格言；警句
29．__external__
adj.外部的；外面的；外来的
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．__in__
case以防；以防万一
2．__to__...extent到……程度；在……程度上
3．__on__
duty值班；值勤
4．__in__
a…manner
以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
5．__in__
that
case既然那样；假使那样的话
6．__be__
willing
to
do
sth.愿意或乐意做某事
7．__the__
upper
class上流社会；上等阶层
8．play
the
role
__of__扮演……的角色
9．now
__that__既然
10．__in__
the
end最后；终于
11．__to__
one’s
surprise让/令某人惊讶的是
12．__go__down下去；下降；下沉；落下
13．try
__to
do__
sth.尽力干某事
14．as
__if__仿佛；好像
15．worry
__about__担心；焦虑
16．be
eager
__to
do__
sth.渴望干某事
17．take
__a__
chance冒险
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．But
__now
that__
you
are
here，I
don’t
have
to.
但是，既然你在这儿，我就不必了。
2．Then
he
folds
the
bill
and
slowly
unfolds
it
again，__as
if__
looking
at
something
he
can’t
believe
is
there.
然后，他折起钞票，又慢慢地把它展开，就好像看到了什么他不敢相信的东西。
3．I
remember
thinking
that
__never__
would
I
hold
such
a
note
as
this...
记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
4．You
would
have
to
wait
a
long
time
to
__get
paid__.
你得等很长时间才能拿到钱。
Ⅳ．课文理解
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
Why
do
the
owner
and
the
clerks
serve
Henry
so
rudely?
__Because
Henry’s
coat
is
worn
in
several
places
and
he
looks
poor.__
二、细读文章后判断以下句子的正误(T/F)
1．The
2nd
Clerk
is
ready
to
show
Henry
the
ready-made
suits
for
he
thinks
Henry
can’t
afford
a
better
one.(
T
)
2．Looking
at
Henry
with
a
frown
shows
the
3rd
Clerk’s
impatience.(
T
)
3．The
owner
is
shocked
at
the
million
pound
bank
note.(
T
)
4．Henry
is
meant
to
get
the
clerks
into
trouble.(
F
)
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．intention
n．打算；计划；意图；目的
典型例句
He
has
announced
his
intention
to
retire.
他已经宣布他打算退休。
I
came
to
London
with
the
intention
of
studying
English
literature.
我来伦敦是为了学习英国文学。
思维拓展
(1)have
no
intention
of
doing
sth.不打算做某事
have
a
firm
intention有坚定的意志
with
the
intention
of...有……的目的/意图
(2)intend
vt.计划；打算
intend
to
do/doing
sth.打算/想要做某事
intend
sb.to
do
sth.打算让某人做某事
intend
no
harm没有恶意
(3)intended
adj.(为……)打算的
be
intended
for专为……准备/设计的
be
intended
to
do
sth.打算做某事
But
when
Dennis
Williams
received
a
text
that
clearly
wasn’t
intended
for
him,
he
did
something
special.
但当丹尼斯·威廉姆斯收到一条显然不是写给他的短信时，他做了一件特别的事。
误区警示
had
intended
to
do
sth.(＝intended
to
have
done
sth.)意为“本打算做某事”，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。有这种用法的词还有plan，hope，think，expect，mean等。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
have
no
__intention__(intend)
of
changing
my
plan.
②They
intend
__to
launch/launching__(launch)
a
campaign
to
raise
money.
③The
headmaster
intended
Jim
__to
deliver__(deliver)
a
speech
in
front
of
the
whole
school.
④I
__had
intended__(intend)
to
come,
but
was
prevented
by
the
bad
weather.
单句写作
⑤This
program
was
set
up
__with
the
intention
of__(有……目的)
providing
help
for
homeless
people.
⑥These
books
__are
intended
for__(专为……准备)
specialists
in
linguistics.
⑦Peter
__had
intended
to
take/intended
to
have
taken__(本来打算接受)
a
job
in
business,
but
abandoned
that
plan
later.
⑧They
had
intended
to
go
into
the
country
for
the
day,
but
were
put
off
by
reports
of
traffic
jams.
→They
__intended
to
have
gone__
into
the
country
for
the
day,
but
were
put
off
by
reports
of
traffic
jams.
2．nowhere
adv.无处；哪里都不
典型例句
This
animal
is
found
in
Australia,
and
nowhere
else.
这种动物生长在澳大利亚，别处没有。
There
was
nowhere
to
hide
and
nowhere
to
run.
无处可藏，也无处可逃。
思维拓展
nowhere
to
live/stay没地方住
nowhere
else别的地方都不
be
nowhere
to
be
seen/found哪里也见不到/找不到
get/go
nowhere毫无进展
get
sb.nowhere使某人毫无进展/一无所获
nowhere
near离……差得远；远谈不上
名师点津
nowhere，never，hardly，neither，nor，little，seldom，by
no
means等表示否定意义的副词或词组以及not
only，not
until，hardly(...when)，no
sooner(...than...)等词(组)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①There
is
nowhere
for
me
__to
stay__(stay)．
②Michael
glanced
anxiously
down
the
street,
but
John
was
nowhere
__to
be
found__(find)．
单句写作
③It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
would
have
__nowhere
to
stay__(没地方待)
now.
④This
animal
is
found
in
the
Antarctic,
and
__nowhere
else__(别的地方都没有)．
⑤She
left
home
two
years
ago
and
is
__nowhere
to
be
seen__(哪里也见不着)．
⑥__Nowhere
else
have
I
seen__(别处我没见过)
a
better
kindergarten.
⑦We
discussed
it
all
morning
but
__got
nowhere__(毫无结果)．
⑧Talking
to
him
will
__get
you
nowhere__(使你一无所获)．
⑨To
be
honest,
she
is
__nowhere
near__(离……差得远)
as
pretty
as
you
are.
3．hesitate
vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑
典型例句
Still,
she
hesitated.She
didn’t
think
she
knew
it
well
enough.
但是她迟疑不决，她觉得自己所知甚少。
She
hesitated
about/over
the
choice
between
the
two
books.
对于选这两本书中的哪一本她犹豫不决。
Out
of
everybody’s
expectation,
she
didn’t
hesitate
to
accept
the
job.
令大家出乎意料的是，她毫无迟疑地接受了这份工作。
思维拓展
hesitate
to
do
sth.迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate
about/over
(doing)
sth.(做)某事犹豫不决
hesitate
about＋疑问词＋to
do
sth.做某事犹豫不决
hesitation
n．踌躇；犹豫
without
hesitation
毫不犹豫地
have
no
hesitation
in
doing
sth.
毫不犹豫地做某事
I
have
no
hesitation
in
recommending
my
classmate
to
you.
我毫不犹豫地向你推荐我的同学。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Don’t
hesitate
__about/ever__
that.Do
it
at
once.
②He
didn’t
hesitate
__to__
ask
her
to
sit
beside
him.
一句多译
如果我帮得上忙的话，请不要迟疑联系我。
③If
I
can
be
of
any
help,
please
__don’t
hesitate
to
contact__
me.(hesitate)
④If
I
can
be
of
any
help,
please
__contact
me
without
hesitation__.(hesitation)
⑤If
I
can
be
of
any
help,
please
__have
no
hesitation
in
contacting__
me.(hesitation)
4．manner
n．举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
典型例句
The
work
should
have
been
done
in
a
more
satisfactory
manner.
这项工作本来应该用更令人满意的方式来做。
“Small
talk
is
the
basis
of
good
manners，”
he
says.
“闲聊是礼貌的基础，”他说。
The
composition
is
in
the
manner
of
German
folk
songs.
这首曲子是以德国民歌的风格谱写成的。
It
is
good
manners
to
look
up
to
the
old.
尊敬老人是有礼貌的表现。
思维拓展
(1)in
a…manner＝in
the
manner
of...以一种……的方式；带着一种……的样子
in
a
manner＝in
some
way＝to
a
certain
extent在一定程度上
in
this
manner＝is
this
way用这种方式
all
manner
of各种各样的；形形色色的(人，东西)等
(2)manners
n．礼貌；礼仪
good/bad
manners有/没有礼貌
table
manners餐桌礼仪
(3)表示“方法，方式”的词语积累：
method：a
method
for/of...……的方式
way：in...way以……方法；a
way
of
doing
sth./a
way
to
do
sth.做某事的方法
means:
by
means
of以……方式；means
of
(doing)
sth.(做)某事的方法
approach：an
approach
to……的方法
误区警示
用这种方式
in
this
way/manner(√)
by
this
means(√)
with
this
method(√)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
employer
has
earned
her
customers’
respect
because
she
has
very
pleasant
telephone
__manners__(manner)．
②The
manner
__in__
which
the
decision
was
announced
was
extremely
regrettable.
单句写作
③He
answered
my
question
__in
such
a
strange
manner
that__(用一种如此奇怪的方式以至于)
I
wondered
if
he
had
misheard
me.
④It
is
__bad
manners__(不礼貌)
to
talk
with
your
finger
pointing
at
another
person.
5．option
n．可选择的事物；选择；选择权
典型例句
As
I
see
it，we
have
two
options.
在我看来，我们有两种选择。
You
have
no
option
but
to
refuse
his
proposal.
你别无选择，只能拒绝他的提议。
思维拓展
(1)a
wide
range
of
options多种选择(＝a
variety
of
options＝various
options)
have
no
option
but
to
do
sth.除了做某事别无选择
have
the
option
of
doing
sth.有……的选择
(2)optional
adj.可选择的；选修的
即学即练
单句语法填空
①As
I
see
it,
we
have
two
__options__(option)．
②Going
to
college
was
not
__an__
option
for
me.
③I
have
no
option
but
__to
ask__(ask)
him
to
leave.
④You
should
choose
one
of
the
two
__optional__(option)
given.
⑤(2020·天津卷)According
to
Professor
Johnson,
we
don’t
have
to
read
the
book
if
we
don’t
want
to,
as
it
is
__optional__(option)．
单句写作
⑥There
are
__a
wide
range
of/a
variety
of/various
options__(多种选择)open
to
you.
⑦Students
__have
the
option
of
studying
abroad__(选择出国学习)
in
their
second
year.
6．broad
adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的
典型例句
Humankind
paid
for
its
broad
vision
and
skillful
hands
with
backaches
and
painful
necks.
人类为其广阔的视野和灵巧的双手付出了背痛和脖子痛的代价。
But
arts
groups
bring
broader
value
to
our
communities.
但艺术团体为我们的社区带来了更广泛的价值。
思维拓展
(1)with
a
broad
smile咧嘴笑着
(in)
broad
daylight光天化日(之下)
(2)broadly
adv.明显地；宽广地；广泛地
smile
broadly咧嘴笑
(3)broaden
vt.&
vi.(使)扩大；(使)变宽
broaden
one’s
horizons＝open
one’s
eyes开阔某人的视野
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__With__
a
broad
smile,
he
said,
“Hi,
my
name
is
Wally”．
②__In__
broad
terms,
the
paper
argues
that
each
country
should
develop
its
own
policy.
③Few
would
disagree
that
travel
__broadens__(broad)
the
mind.
单句写作
④Spending
a
year
working
in
the
big
city
helped
to
__broaden
his
horizons__(拓宽他的视野)．
⑤__With
a
broad
smile/Smiling
broadly__(咧嘴笑着),
the
boy
came
up
to
his
mother.
7．permission
n．准许；许可；批准；许可证
典型例句
No
official
permission
has
been
given
for
the
event
to
take
place.
这项活动未得到正式批准，不能进行。
You
must
ask
permission
before
taking
any
photographs
inside
the
church.
必须申请批准方可于教堂内拍照。
思维拓展
(1)get
permission(from
sb.)得到(某人的)许可
ask
for
permission请求许可
gain
permission
to
do...获得做……的许可
with
one’s
permission在某人许可/准许下(＝with
the
permission
of
sb.)
without
permission未经许可
(2)permit
vt.&
vi.允许；准许；使有可能
permit
doing
sth.允许做某事
permit
sb.to
do
sth.允许某人做某事
be
permitted
to
do
sth.被允许做某事
weather
permitting如果天气允许(独立主格结构)(＝if
weather
permits)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①If
you
think
that
treating
a
woman
well
means
always
getting
her
__permission__(permit)
for
things,
think
again.
②She
had
asked
the
government
for
__permission__(permit)
to
move
the
books
to
a
safe
place,
but
they
refused.
③We
do
not
permit
__smoking__(smoke)
in
the
office.
④It
was
announced
that
only
when
the
fire
was
under
control
would
the
residents
__be
permitted__(permit)
to
return
to
their
homes.
单句写作
⑤In
our
school,
no
student
can
go
out
of
the
classroom
__without
permission__(未经许可)．
⑥As
a
punishment,
she
__was
not
permitted
to
take
part
in__(不许参加)
any
school
activities.
⑦We’ll
have
a
picnic
at
the
beach,
__weather
permitting__(如果天气允许的话)．
重
点
短
语
1．in
case以防；以防万一
典型例句
I
took
my
driving
license
with
me
on
holiday，in
case
I
wanted
to
hire
a
car.
度假时我随身带了驾照，以防我想要租车。
I
guess
we’ve
already
talked
about
this
but
I’ll
ask
you
again
just
in
case.
我记得我们已经讨论过这个了，但是我再问问你，以防万一。
Take
an
umbrella，in
case
it
rains.
带把伞吧，以防下雨。
思维拓展
(1)in
case
of万一……，如果发生……
(2)in
no
case决不(置于句首，句子用倒装)
in
any
case无论如何，不管怎样
in
this
case既然这样，假使这样的话
in
that
case既然那样；假使那样的话
(3)as
is
often
the
case情况经常是这样的(as引导非限制性定语从句)
It’s
not
the
case.
事实并非如此。
名师点津
case，point，situation，occasion，stage等表抽象地点的名词作先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①In
case
__of__
an
emergency,
break
the
glass
and
press
the
button.
②Today,
we’ll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
__where__
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly.
单句写作
③I’ll
be
out
for
some
time.__In
case__(万一)
anything
important
happens,
call
me
up
immediately.
④—There’s
no
need
to
take
any
food,
Mom,
I’m
so
full.
—Come
on,
baby.Take
some
just
__in
case__(以防万一)．
⑤__In
case
of
fire__(如遇起火),
all
exits
must
be
kept
clear.
⑥It
may
rain
tomorrow,
but
we
are
going
to
attend
the
meeting
__in
any
case__(无论如何)．
⑦You
don’t
like
your
job；__in
that
case__(假使那样的话),
why
don’t
you
leave?
⑧There
is
no
simple
answer,
__as
is
often
the
case
in
science__(理科情况通常是这样的)．
2．to
one’s
surprise让/令某人惊讶的是
典型例句
To
my
surprise,
she
was
the
mother
of
five
children.
令我惊讶的是，她是五个孩子的妈妈。
名师点津
to
one’s
surprise相当于to
the
surprise
of
sb.。另外，当表示“令某人很惊讶”时，可用much
to
one’s
surprise或to
one’s
great
surprise来表达。
思维拓展
(1)in
surprise吃惊地；在惊慌中
take...by
surprise使……惊慌；突袭……
(2)to
one’s
joy/delight
(＝to
the
joy/delight
of
sb.)令某人高兴的是
to
one’s
sorrow
(＝to
the
sorrow
of
sb.)令某人悲伤的是
to
one’s
relief
(＝to
the
relief
of
sb.)令某人欣慰的是
to
one’s
amazement
(＝to
the
amazement
of
sb.)令某人吃惊的是
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__To__
my
surprise，I
forgot
to
lock
my
door
when
I
went
to
work.
②To
the
surprise
__of__
me，he
didn’t
go
back
to
school.
3．be
willing
to
do
sth.愿意或乐意做某事
典型例句
I
don’t
know
whether
he
is
willing
to
come.
我不知道他是否愿意来。
She
is
willing
to
help.
她愿意帮忙。
I’m
not
willing
to
work
late.
我不愿意加班。
思维拓展
(1)willingly
adv.欣然地；愿意地；乐意地
unwilling
adj.不愿意地
willingness
n．情愿
be
unwilling
to
do
sth.不愿意做某事
(2)愿意做某事
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
don’t
know
whether
he
is
willing
__to
come__(come)．
②He
is
__unwilling__(willing)
to
sell
his
produce
at
such
a
low
price.
单句写作
③Many
people
in
this
region
__are
willing
to__(乐意)
do
charity
work.
④Why
might
highly
sensitive
people
__be
unwilling
to__(不愿意)
take
part
in
group
sports?
4．take
a
chance(＝take
chances)冒险
典型例句
He
was
taking
a
chance
on
a
relatively
new
young
actor.
他在冒险用一个出道不太久的年轻演员。
Don’t
take
a
chance
to
cheat
in
the
exam.
在考试中，不要冒险作弊。
思维拓展
take
the
chance
抓住机会
take
one’s
chance
碰运气
give
sb.a
chance
给某人一个机会
by
chance
碰巧
have/get
a
chance
(to
do
sth.)
有机会(做某事)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①After
losing
$40,000
on
his
last
business，the
man
is
not
taking
__a__
chance
this
time.
完成句子
②We
will
__take
a
chance__
to
have
the
party
outdoor.
我们将冒险举行露天聚会。
重
点
句
型
1．But
now
that
you
are
here，I
don’t
have
to.
但是，既然你在这儿，我就不必了。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是I
don’t
have
to，now
that
you
are
here是连词now
that引导的原因状语从句。
(2)now
that意为“既然”。
Now
that
the
kids
have
left
home
we’ve
got
a
lot
of
extra
space.
孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。
Now
that
you
have
finished
your
work,
you’d
better
have
a
rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
易混辨析
now
that,
because,
since,
as,
for
now
that
固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that
可以省略
because
表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用
why
提问的问句
since
意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。可与
now
that
互换
as
意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比
because
弱
for
意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。引导分句，不能置于句首
误区警示
类似
although/though
不能与
but
连用，because
不能与
so
连用，当
since,
now
that
引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加
so
等连词。
[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。
[误]Now
that
you
are
ready,
so
we
can
go
now.
[正]Now
that
you
are
ready,
we
can
go
now.
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Now
__that__
we
failed
this
time，we
should
draw
some
useful
lessons
from
it.
②—Why
didn’t
you
phone
me
last
night?
—__Because__I
didn’t
want
to
disturb
you.
③It
must
have
rained
last
night，__for__
the
ground
is
wet.
④__As__
he
wasn’t
ready
in
time，we
went
without
him.
⑤__Since__
everybody
is
here，let’s
begin
our
meeting.
2．Then
he
folds
the
bill
and
slowly
unfolds
it
again，as
if
looking
at
something
he
can’t
believe
is
there.
然后，他折起钞票，又慢慢地把它展开，就好像看到了什么他不敢相信的东西。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Then
he
folds
the
bill
and
slowly
unfolds
it
again，后面是as
if引导的方式状语从句，something
he
can’t
believe
is
there是省略了连接词that的宾语从句，其中又包含了定语从句he
can’t
believe，修饰先行词something。
(2)此处as
if
looking
at
something
he
can’t
believe
is
there是状语从句as
if
he
is
looking
at
something
he
can’t
believe
is
there的省略形式。
状语从句省略的具体用法：
①适用从句：时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句
②省略条件：从句主语与主句主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句的谓语部分含有be动词
③省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/分词/不定式/名词
While
(they
were)
building
the
tunnel，the
workers
discovered
an
underground
lake.
建隧道时，工人们发现了一个地下湖。
Unless
(you
are)
asked
to
speak，you
should
remain
silent
at
the
meeting.
开会时，除非让你发言，否则你应当保持沉默。
Even
if
(I
am)
invited，I
won’t
go.
即使被邀请，我也不去。
When
(she
was)
very
young，she
began
to
learn
to
play
the
piano.
她很小就开始学习弹钢琴了。
巧学妙记
状语从句省略口诀：
时，条，让，方，地；主语同，谓语be，
二者省去不可惜；从句主语是it，省去it’s也可以。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①While
__swimming__(swim)
in
the
river,
he
saw
a
strange
animal.
②You
will
never
gain
success
unless
fully
__devoted__(devote)
to
your
work.
③Film
has
a
much
shorter
history，especially
when
__compared__(compare)
to
such
art
forms
as
music
and
painting.
④While
__walking__(walk)
the
dog，you
were
careless
and
it
got
loose
and
was
hit
by
a
car.
3．I
remember
thinking
that
never
would
I
hold
such
a
note
as
this...
记得当时我以为我(手里)永远不会握着这样一张钞票……
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。包含一个宾语从句that
never
would
I
hold
such
a
note
as
this...
该从句是一个倒装句，正常语序为I
would
never
hold
such
a
note
as
this
...。
(2)当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子需用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词、be动词移至主语之前。构成“表示否定意义的词语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形(不含be动词)＋其他”结构。这样的词或短语有：
全部否定意义副词：never，not，neither，nor，nowhere
部分否定意义副词：hardly，scarcely，rarely，seldom，little
“绝不”短语：at
no
time，by
no
means，in
no
case，in
no
way，on
no
condition，under/in
no
circumstances，on
no
account
I
don’t
know
when
to
leave.Nor
does
he.
我不知道什么时候离开，他也不知道。
Not
a
single
tree
can
we
see
on
the
hill.
我们在小山上连一棵树也看不见。
Never
have
I
heard
or
seen
such
a
thing.
我从未听过或见过这样的事情。
Seldom
does
he
come
recently.
最近他很少来。
Hardly
could
she
believe
her
own
eyes.
她几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。
Rarely
have
I
seen
such
a
bright
moon.
我很少看到这么明亮的月亮。
Nowhere
was
the
key
to
be
found.
到处都找不到钥匙。
By
no
means
shall
I
change
the
plan.
我决不改变计划。
Under
no
circumstances
should
we
give
up
hope.
我们绝不放弃希望。
John
realized
his
mistakes
and
promised
that
at
no
time
would
he
do
it
again.
约翰意识到他的错误并且承诺在任何时候他都不会再做这种事。
思维拓展
常用部分倒装的其他情况：
Only
when
he
apologizes
for
his
rudeness
will
I
speak
to
him
again.
只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉时我才会再和他说话。
So
wonderful
was
the
film
that
everyone
was
deeply
moved.
这部电影如此精彩，每个人都被深深地感动了。
No
sooner
had
he
closed
his
eyes
than
he
fell
asleep.
他一闭上眼就睡着了。
Not
only
does
he
do
well
in
his
study，but
also
he
often
helps
others
with
their
lessons.
他不仅学习出色，还常常帮助其他人的功课。
Young
though
she
is，she
has
travelled
to
many
countries.
尽管年轻，但她已旅行过很多国家。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Never
__will__
you
achieve
anything
if
you
spend
your
time
that
way.
②By
no
means
__should__
he
be
left
alone.
③Not
only
__did__
he
speak
more
correctly,
but
he
spoke
more
easily.
单句写作
④Never
__have
I
seen__(我看到过)
such
a
beautiful
vase
before.
⑤I
will
never
know
what
was
on
his
mind
at
the
time,
__nor/neither
will
anyone
else__(其他任何人也不会知道)．
⑥Seldom
__does
she
lose
heart__(她丧失信心)
when
she
is
in
trouble.
⑦On
no
condition
__should
you
forget__(你该忘记)
you
are
a
Chinese.
4．You
would
have
to
wait
a
long
time
to
get
paid.
你得等很长时间才能拿到钱。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。to
get
paid是不定式短语作目的状语。
(2)句中get
paid是由“get＋过去分词”构成的短语。
“get＋过去分词”常见于以下两种情况：
①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。
He
got
killed
when
he
was
crossing
the
road.
过马路时他被车撞死了。
Her
skirt
got
torn
on
a
nail.
她的裙子被钉子挂破了。
②谈论设法或终于做到令人称心的事，说话者带有较强的感彩。
She
got
paid
before
she
went
on
a
holiday.
她在度假前(设法)领到了工资。
In
the
end,
he
got
admitted
into
Peking
University.
他终于被北京大学录取了。
思维拓展
“get＋过去分词”荟萃：
get
lost
迷路
get
punished
受惩罚
get
divorced
离婚
get
washed
洗脸
get
separated
被分开
get
paid
得到报酬
get
dressed
穿衣服
get
married
结婚
get
engaged
订婚
get
drunk
喝醉
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Her
car
got
__stuck__(stick)
in
the
mud
and
couldn’t
move.
②Tom
got
__lost__(lose)
in
the
strange
place.
PAGEUnit
5
The
Value
of
Money
Section
Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
剧本写作
写作指导
本单元的写作任务是戏剧剧本创作。戏剧剧本属于记叙文。在写作形式上以对话为主，主要包括戏剧人物、人物的语言、舞台说明性文字等。
一、基本结构
1．人物说明——写明主要出场人物。
2．人物对话——写出主要人物的对话。
3．舞台说明——写出一些舞台说明性文字，动作要符合人物的性格特征。
二、增分句式
1．It/The
story
happened
in/at...(地点)
on/in...(日期)
2….(人名)
is
very
kind/cruel/rich/generous/mean,
but...
3….(人名)
is
very
clever/stupid/fat/thin/tall/short...
4….(人名)
is
on
the
way
to...
5….(人名)
is
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.when...
6．The
play
is
adapted
from...
精品展示
根据下面提示，写一篇戏剧，介绍亨利带着100万英镑的钞票去理发的过程。
亨利正走在大街上，看见了一家理发店，决定去理他的长头；理发匠用粗鲁的态度接待了他；亨利坐在椅子上等待；理发匠告诉他是否能够担负得起高昂的费用；理发结束后，亨利出示了百万英镑的钞票；理发匠十分吃惊。告诉他随时光临。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本文为__戏剧__
2．确定人称：以__第一、二人称__为主
3．确定时态：以__一般现在时__为主
第二步 确定段落
第一部分：开头介绍主要出场人物；
第二部分：写明人物的主要对话；
第三部分：介绍冲突的解决。
第三步 核心词汇
1．__have
one’s
hair
cut__理发
2．__in
a
rude
manner__以一种粗鲁的态度
3．__indeed__确实；实在
4．__afford__支付得起
5．__change__零钱；找头
第四步 由词扩句
1．亨利正在大街上行走。
Henry
__is
walking
down__
the
street.
2．他看到一个理发的标志。
He
sees
a
sign
for
a
place
__that
cuts
hair__.
3．您能看到我头发太长了。
You
can
see
__that
my
hair
is
much
too
long__.
4．无论什么时候，只要您想来就来。
Please
come
back
__whenever
you
like__.
5．您仅有很少的头发要理！
You
only
have
__too
little
hair
to
cut__!
6．为您服务是我的荣耀。
__It
will
be
my
honour__
to
serve
you.
第五步 句式升级
1．用be
doing...when...连接句1和句2
__Henry
is
walking
down
the
street
when
he
sees
a
sign
for
a
place
that
cuts
hair.__
2．用as引导的非限制性定语从句升级句3
__As
you
can
see,
my
hair
is
much
too
long.__
3．用even
if连接句4和句5
__Please
come
back
whenever
you
like,
even
if
you
only
have
too
little
hair
to
cut！__
参考范文：
(Henry
is
walking
down
the
street
when
he
sees
a
sign
for
a
place
that
cuts
hair.He
decides
to
have
his
hair
cut.)
H＝Henry
B＝Barber
H：Good
afternoon,
I’d
like
to
have
my
hair
cut,
if
I
may.(The
barber
looks
at
Henry’s
hair
and
continues
cutting
another
man’s
hair.)Er,
I’d
really
like
a
haircut.As
you
can
see,
it’s
much
too
long.
B：(in
a
rude
manner)
Yes,
I
can
see
that.Indeed,
I
can.
H：Fine,
well,
I’ll
have
a
seat
then.
(He
sits
in
one
of
the
barber’s
chairs.The
barber
turns
to
look
at
Henry.)
B：It’s
quite
expensive
here,
you
know!
Are
you
sure
you
can
afford
it?
H：Yes.I
think
so.(After
his
hair
is
cut,
the
barber
tells
Henry
how
much
he
must
pay.Henry
shows
the
barber
the
bank
note.)
B：Why
Mr....(looks
shocked)
H：Adams.Henry
Adams.I’m
sorry,
I
don’t
have
any
change.
B：Please
don’t
worry!
(wearing
a
big
smile)
Nothing
to
worry
about!
Nothing
at
all!
Please
come
back
whenever
you
like,
even
if
you
only
have
too
little
hair
to
cut!
It
will
be
my
honour
to
serve
you!
即学即练
根据下面提示，写一篇题目为《财富与快乐》的短文。
1．一些人认为财富能带来快乐；
2．另一些人认为钱多了不是一件好事；
3．提出自己的看法。
注意：词数80左右。
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参考范文：
Wealth
and
Happiness
Some
people
think
wealth
can
bring
happiness
to
them.They
work
hard
and
overcome
many
difficulties.After
doing
this,
they
feel
very
happy
and
pleased.Even
their
spending
money
is
a
kind
of
happiness.
But
some
people
believe
wealth
can’t
bring
them
happiness.For
example,
when
one
gets
a
fortune,
the
family
members
will
come
from
different
parts
of
the
country
and
try
to
share
the
wealth
with
him.And
afterwards,
they
will
quarrel
with
one
another,
trying
to
share
more.
In
my
opinion,
I
think
there
is
no
doubt
that
wealth
brings
happiness,
especially
in
the
modern
society.But
we
should
take
a
proper
attitude
towards
wealth.Remember：money
is
not
everything.
PAGEUnit
5
The
Value
of
Money
Unit
5 The
Value
of
Money
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
The
value
of
money
Money
is
a
blessing
when
it
is
used
rightly.The
same
is
true
of
all
other
good
things.
They
bless
if
used
well；they
curse
when
abused.
Many
people
do
not
seem
to
know
what
money
is
for.They
want
it
above
all
things.But
they
want
it
to
spend
chiefly
on
themselves.
Some
boys
appear
to
think
that
money
is
to
buy
good
clothes
and
foods,
toys
and
amusements.Some
also
seem
to
think
that
money
is
to
buy
leisure
with.They
consider
that
the
highest
happiness
is
to
live
without
work.But
that
is
not
at
all
what
money
is
for.We
should
get
nearer
the
truth
than
that.
Money
is
our
circulating
medium
in
trade.Families
need
it
to
buy
things
they
must
have.In
this
way
society
exists,
and
the
world
of
traffic
prospers.
Money
means
food,
clothing,
dwelling,
schools,
books,
wise
recreation，and
the
means
of
doing
good.
Of
course
money
is
not
something
to
hoard.Its
value
is
in
its
use.And
so
money
that
is
simply
hoarded
is
of
no
value.It
does
not
purchase
the
necessaries
of
life,
nor
relieve
those
who
are
in
want,
that
is
not
what
money
is
for.
Some
people
says
that
“the
love
of
money
is
the
root
of
all
evil”．That
is，money
sought
for
its
own
sake
is
the
cause
of
all
sorts
of
evil—lying,
stealing,
cheating,
robbery,
and
even
murder.This
is
the
best
reason
for
avoiding
the
love
of
money.
金钱的价值
当金钱被正确使用时，它是一种福分。其他一切美好事物也是如此。如果使用得当，它们会给人运气；如果滥用金钱，它们会给人带来灾难。许多人似乎不知道金钱是用来做什么的。他们最想要的是金钱，但他们希望它主要花在自己身上。
有些男孩似乎认为钱是用来买好衣服、食物、玩具和娱乐的。有些男孩似乎还认为钱是用来买休闲的。他们认为最高的幸福是没有工作的生活。但这根本不是花钱的目的。我们应该更接近事实。
金钱是我们在贸易中流通的媒介。家庭需要它来购买他们必须拥有的东西，这样社会及其繁荣就存在。金钱意味着食物、衣服、住所、学校、书籍、明智的娱乐和行善的手段。
当然，钱不是用来囤积的东西，它的价值在于它的用途，因此，仅仅囤积的钱是没有价值的，它既不能购买生活必需品，也不能解救那些需要钱的人。
有人说“爱钱是万恶之源”，也就是说，为了自己的利益而追求的钱是各种罪恶——撒谎、偷窃、欺骗、抢劫，甚至谋杀的根源。这是避免成为钱迷的最好理由。
词海拾贝
1．curse
n．&
v．诅咒
2.leisure
n．闲暇，空闲 adj.空闲的，业余的
3．prosper
v．繁荣，昌盛
4.dwelling
n．&
v．居所
5．hoard
n．&
v．贮藏
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，Reading
and
Thinking
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__basis__
n．基础；根据；基点→__base__
n．基础→__basic__
adj.基础的
2．__loan__
n．贷款；借款
3．__plastic__
n．塑料
adj.塑料制的；塑料的
4．__apologise__
vi.道歉；谢罪→__apology__
n．道歉，致歉
5．__ignore__
vt.忽视；对……不予理会→__ignorance__
n．无知；愚昧→__ignorant__
adj.愚昧的，无知的
6．__judge__
vt.&
vi.评价；评判；判断
n．法官；审判员；裁判员→__judgement__
n．看法；判决；判断
7．__scene__
n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面→__scenery__
n．风景，景色(总称)
8．__narrator__
n．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者；(电视节目中的)幕后解说员
9．__narration__
n．叙述；讲述；解说
10．__bet__
n．打赌；赌注
vi.&vt.下赌注；用……打赌
vt.敢说
11．__servant__
n．仆人；用人
12．__sail__
vi.&
vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→__sailor__
n.
船员；水手
13．__spot__
vt.看见；注意到；发现
n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
14．__dare__
vi.&
modal
v．胆敢；敢于
15．__sort__
n．种类；类别
16．__patience__
n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→__patient__
adj.耐心的
n．病人→__patiently__
adv.耐心地
17．__indicate__
vt.&
vi.表明；显示
vt.象征；暗示→__indication__
n．象征；迹象
18．__beneath__
adv.&
prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下
19．__postpone__
vt.延迟；延期；延缓
20．__odd__
adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．__on__
the
basis
of在……的基础上；根据……
2．take
__out__
a
loan取得贷款
3．__in__
return作为回报；作为回应
4．make
__a__
bet打个赌
5．as
__a__
matter
of
fact事实上；其实；说真的
6．__by__
accident偶然地；意外地
7．__to
be__
honest说实话；坦率地说
8．ought
__to__应该；应当
9．be
about
to
__do__
sth.即将或正要(做某事)
10．care
__about__关心；在乎；在意
11．show
sb.__out__领某人出去
12．not...__until__...直到……才……
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．What
would
you
do
if
you
were
in
her
situation?
如果你处在她的处境你会怎么做？
2．About
a
month
ago，I
was
sailing，and
towards
night
I
found
myself
__carried
out__
to
sea
by
a
strong
wind.
大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。
3．And
it
was
the
ship
__that__
brought
you
to
England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
Ⅳ．课文预读
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
How
many
characters
are
there
in
the
play?
Who
are
they?
There
are
__four__
characters
in
the
play
and
they
are
__Henry，Servant，Oliver
and
Roderick__.
二、细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．What
did
happen
to
Henry
before
he
landed
in
Britain？__D__
A．He
just
sailed
out
of
the
bay
for
a
travel.
B．He
planned
to
go
to
Britain
by
his
own
boat.
C．His
boat
was
broken
by
a
strong
wind.
D．His
boat
was
carried
out
to
sea
by
a
strong
wind.
2．Which
one
has
the
similar
meaning
to
the
word
“spot”
in
the
text？__A__
A．Discover.
B．A
point.
C．A
place.
D．Save.
3．How
did
Henry
feel
when
he
heard
one
of
the
brothers
saying
“What
luck!
Brother,
what
luck！”？__C__
A．He
felt
he
was
lucky,
too.
B．He
thought
they
laughed
at
him.
C．He
was
a
bit
angry
and
was
ready
to
leave.
D．He
felt
the
two
brothers
would
help
him.
4．What’s
the
character
of
Henry
according
to
the
text？__B__
A．A
young,
kind
but
silly
person.
B．A
young,
honest
and
hard-working
man.
C．A
careful,
kind
and
poor
man.
D．A
young,
rich
and
happy
man.
5．What
did
Henry
ask
for
from
the
two
brothers？__C__
A．A
house
to
stay
for
a
short
moment.
B．A
letter
with
a
bank
note
worth
million
pound
in
it.
C．An
honest
job.
D．Some
charity
from
the
two
brothers.
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．basis
n．基础；根据；基点
典型例句
The
book
was
written
on
the
basis
of
careful
observations
and
detailed
studies.
这本书是在仔细观察与细致研究的基础上撰写的。
We’re
going
to
meet
there
on
a
regular
basis.
我们将定期在那里会面。
She
was
chosen
for
the
job
on
the
basis
of
her
qualifications.
她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。
思维拓展
(1)on
the
basis
of在某事的基础上；根据某事
on
a
regular
basis定期地，经常地
on
a
daily
basis每天
(2)base
n．基部，基础，基地；总部 vt.以……为基础；基地设在……
base...on/upon...使……以……为基础
be
based
on/upon以……为基础
air
base空军基地
(3)basic
adj.基本的；基础的；最初级的
basically
adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__On__
the
basis
of
those
facts,
we
can
reach
the
following
conclusion.
②The
book
is
based
__on__
a
true
story.
③There
have
been
some
problems
but
__basically__(base)
it’s
a
good
system.
单句写作
④The
decision
was
made
__on
the
basis
of__(根据)
the
information
we
had.
⑤We’re
going
to
meet
there
__on
a
daily
basis__(每天)．
⑥Be
physically
active
__on
a
regular
basis__(定期地),
which
will
also
help
you
maintain
a
healthy
body.
一句多译
根据这些事实，我们可以得出以下结论。
⑦__On
the
basis
of
the
facts__，we
can
reach
these
conclusions.(basis)
⑧__Based
on/upon
the
facts__，we
can
reach
these
conclusions.(base)
2．apologise
vi.道歉；谢罪
典型例句
I
think
you
should
apologise
to
your
brother.
我觉得你应该给你弟弟赔个不是。
We
apologise
for
the
late
departure
of
this
flight.
本航班起飞延迟，谨致歉意。
I
apologised
to
her
for
stepping
on
her
foot
carelessly.
我因不小心踩了她的脚而向她道歉。
思维拓展
(1)apologise
to
sb.向某人道歉
apologise
for
doing
sth.为做了某事道歉
apologise
to
sb.for
doing
sth.为做了某事向某人道歉
(2)apology
n.
[C]道歉；赔罪
make
an
apology
to
sb.for
sth.因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse
one’s
apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe
sb.an
apology应向某人道歉
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
must
make
an
__apology__(apologise)
to
him
for
not
going
to
his
party.
②He
smiled
politely
as
Mary
__apologised__(apology)
for
her
drunken
friends.
③She
should
apologise
__to__
her
deskmate
for
her
bad
behaviour.
一句多译
我为不能守约向你道歉。
④__I
apologise
to
you
for
failing__
to
keep
the
appointment.(apologise)
⑤__I
make
an
apology
to
you
for
failing__
to
keep
the
appointment.(apology)
⑥__I
owe
you
an
apology
for
failing__
to
keep
the
appointment.(apology)
3．ignore
vt.忽视；对……不予理会
典型例句
I
was
walking
near
to
wave,
but
he
stood
there,
ignoring
me.
我走近去和他招手，但他站在那里不理我。
You
should
not
ignore
your
mistakes
if
you
want
to
make
greater
progress.
你如果想取得更大的进步，就不应该忽视你的错误。
思维拓展
ignore
sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事物
ignorant
adj.无知的；不知道的
be
ignorant
of/about
sth.不知道……
be
ignorant
that不知某事
ignorance
n．无知；愚昧
be
in
ignorance
of/about
sth.不知道；对……无知
The
workers
were
kept
in
complete
ignorance
of
the
company’s
financial
situation.
公司对工人隐瞒财务状况，他们对财务的事情一无所知。
I’m
afraid
I’m
rather
ignorant
about
computers.
我恐怕对电脑一无所知。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Excuse
my
__ignorance__(ignore),
but
how
does
this
machine
work?
②He’s
ignorant
__of/about__
the
dangers
of
too
much
sun.
一句多译
有些人总是做所有他们喜欢的事，而忽视了别人的感受。
③Some
people
always
do
what
they
like,
but
__ignore
others’
feelings__.(ignore)
④Some
people
always
do
what
they
like,
but
__are
ignorant
of
others’
feelings__.(ignorant)
⑤Some
people
always
do
what
they
like,
but
__are
in
ignorance
of
others’
feelings__.(ignorance)
4．judge
vt.&
vi.评价；评判；判断 n．法官；审判员；裁判员
典型例句
You
should
never
judge
a
person
by
his
look.
绝不要以貌取人。
Judging
from
what
he
said,
he
must
be
an
honest
man.
从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。
As
far
as
I
can
judge,
it’s
wrong
that
he
should
not
be
punished
for
what
he
did.
据我判断，他的所作所为竟不受惩罚，这是不对的。
思维拓展
(1)judging
by/from从……判断
judge
sb./sth.by/from从……来判断某人/某物
as
far
as
I
can
judge据我判断；我认为
Judge
a
book
by
its
cover.以貌取人。
(2)judgment(＝judgement)
n．裁决；判决
make
a
judg(e)
ment
about对……作出判断
in
one’s
judgement在某人看来
误区警示
judging
by/from...作状语时，是独立成分，不受主语的影响和限制。有类似用法的还有：
generally/exactly/frankly/honestly
speaking一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说
considering(that)…考虑到……；鉴于……
providing/provided(that)…假如……；倘若……
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__Judging__(judge)
from
the
number
of
cars,
he
thought
there
were
not
many
people
at
the
club
yet.
②Judging
__from/by__
what
you
said,
I’m
afraid
you
are
wrong.
③Many
of
the
scientists
and
engineers
__are
judged__(judge)
in
terms
of
how
great
their
achievements
are.
④I’d
prefer
to
reserve
my
__judgment__(judge)
until
I
find
all
the
evidence.
⑤Facing
these
strict
__judges__(judge),
the
interviewee
felt
very
nervous.
⑥__In__
her
judgement,
it
was
a
wrong
thing
to
give
children
so
much
pocket
money.
单句写作
⑦We
shouldn’t
__judge
a
person
by
his
clothes__(根据穿着判断一个人)．
⑧Don’t
__judge
a
book__(评价一本书)
only
by
its
cover.You
need
consider
many
aspects.
5．scene
n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色
典型例句
This
play
has
three
acts,
and
each
act
has
three
scenes.
这部剧分三幕，每一幕有三场。
Would
you
like
to
enjoy
the
scenes
in
the
mountains
with
me?
你愿意与我一起欣赏山区的风光吗？
The
scene
in
the
hospital
was
very
moving.
医院的那一场面十分感人。
思维拓展
on
the
scene在现场；当场
behind
the
scenes在幕后；暗中
appear/come
to
the
scene到场
名师点津
scene表示“场景；场面；地点”，且在定语从句中作状语时，关系词一般用where引导。
图解助记
看图识scene
易混辨析
“风景”有不同
view
多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的“景物；景致”
scene
除表示“景物，景致”外，还有“场面”之意，大多包括人及人的活动在内
scenery
指一个地区全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，是不可数名词
sight
指人们游览观光的风景，尤指人文景观，也可指“情景；景象；视力”
形象记忆
即学即练
写出下列句中scene的含义
①While
we
were
walking
towards
the
scene,
Tennyson
became
very
worried
about
what
had
happened
to
the
elderly
couple.__现场__
②She
stared
at
the
lively
street
scene
out
of
the
window.__景象__
③The
scene
of
the
film
reminded
me
of
those
happy
days
that
we
spent
together
in
the
countryside
last
summer
holiday.__场面__
单句语法填空
④This
passage
describes
a
scene
__of__
children’s
playing
in
the
snow.
⑤Doctors
were
__on__
the
scene
soon
after
the
traffic
accident,
helping
the
injured
passengers.
⑥Many
people
who
had
seen
the
film
were
afraid
to
go
to
the
forest
when
they
remembered
the
scene
__where__
people
were
eaten
by
the
tiger.
⑦用scenery，scene，view和sight完成语段
Every
year，plenty
of
people
go
to
see
the
__sights__
of
Beijing.This
summer
vacation
my
parents
also
decided
to
take
me
there.On
the
way
to
Beijing，we
stopped
our
car
again
and
again
to
enjoy
the
__scenery__.After
arriving
in
Beijing，we
lived
at
the
13th
floor
of
a
hotel
from
whose
window
we
had
a
better
__view__
of
the
city.We
did
have
a
good
time
in
Beijing.But
on
the
way
back
home，we
saw
the
__scene__
of
an
accident，so
my
mother
and
I
kept
reminding
my
father
to
drive
with
caution.
6．spot
vt.看见；注意到；发现
n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
典型例句
She
said
she
spotted
my
wallet
on
a
bus
seat.
她说她在一个公共汽车座位上发现了我的钱包。
I
spotted
the
differences
between
the
two
pictures.
我看了这两幅画的不同之处。
There
was
a
big
damp
spot
on
the
wall.
墙上有一大块水渍。
We
ought
to
find
out
the
views
of
the
people
on
the
spot.
我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。
思维拓展
(1)spot
sb.doing
sth.发现某人正在做某事
(2)on
the
spot在现场；当场；立即
(3)spotted
adj.有花点的；有斑点的
be
spotted
with满是……斑点
名师点津
spot用作先行词时，其后的定语从句通常用where引导。
即学即练
写出下列句中spot的含义
①Some
of
the
spots
on
your
trousers
are
hard
to
remove.__斑点；污点__
②I
read
through
the
first
page
of
the
book
and
spotted
a
spelling
mistake.__发现__
③Fortunately，a
man
made
an
offer
to
take
him
around
the
different
spots.__地点；场所__
单句语法填空
④The
police
spotted
him
__driving__(drive)
a
stolen
car.
⑤He
decided
to
provide
the
homeless
with
food
for
free
__on__
the
spot.
⑥She
wears
a
black
skirt
with
some
white
__spots__(spot)．
单句写作
⑦I
__spotted
her
hiding__(发现她隐藏)
the
receipt
in
her
handbag.
⑧The
night
sky
__is
spotted
with__(满是……斑点)
twinkling
stars.
句式升级
⑨He
was
dressed
in
a
coat,
and
it
was
spotted
with
stars.
→He
was
dressed
in
a
coat,
__which
was
spotted
with
stars__.(非限制性定语从句)
→He
was
dressed
in
__a
coat
spotted
with
stars__.(分词作定语)
7．sort
n．种类；类别
典型例句
What
sort
of
music
do
you
like
best，pop
or
classical?
你喜欢哪种音乐——流行的还是古典的？
There
are
all
sorts
of
activities
for
kids
at
the
campsite.
在营地有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。
She
sort
of
pretends
that
she
doesn’t
really
care.
她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。
思维拓展
(1)all
sorts
of各种各样的
a
sort
of...(表示不十分准确)近似于……，有点像是……
sort
of(＝kind
of)有点，有几分(置于动词、形容词、副词之前)
(2)sort
vt.&
vi.分类；整理
sort
out分类；整理；解决；处理
sort...into把……整理成……
Quickly
sort
them
all
out.
快把它们分类拣出来。
I
sorted
the
books
into
big
ones
and
small
ones.
我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。
We
must
sort
out
the
good
apples
from
the
bad.
咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。
易混辨析
sort，kind，type，species
sort
指大体相似的东西，有时用于贬义判断
kind
指同种类的东西
type
指同类型的东西
species
指同物种的东西
即学即练
单句语法填空
①To
be
honest,
she
spent
a
whole
afternoon
__sorting__(sort)
out
the
green
beans
from
the
red
ones.
②That
made
me
feel
sort
__of__
stupid.
③Rubbish
can
easily
be
separated
and
sorted
__into__
plastics,
glass
and
paper.
④You
can
use
the
computer
__to
sort__
the
newspaper
articles
by
date.
单句写作
⑤She
likes
__all
sorts
of__(各种各样的)
hats.
⑥She
__sort
of__(有几分)
pretends
that
she
doesn’t
really
care.
8．patience
n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力
典型例句
She
has
been
out
of
patience
with
his
rudeness.
她已经对他的粗鲁忍无可忍了。
He
walked
so
slowly
that
his
brother
lost
patience
with
him.
他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥对他失去了耐心。
Whenever
I
made
mistakes,
the
teacher
pointed
them
out
with
patience.
无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。
I
don’t
have
the
patience
to
do
jigsaw
puzzles.
我没有耐性玩拼图游戏。
I
had
no
patience
with
these
naughty
children.
我对这些淘气的孩子没有耐心了。
思维拓展
(1)be
out
of
patience
with对……不能再忍受
have
the
patience
to
do
sth.做某事有耐性
have/lose
patience
with对……有/失去耐心
with
patience＝patiently耐心地
(2)patient
adj.耐心的；能忍受的 n．病人
be
patient
with
sb.对某人有耐心
(3)impatient
adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的
impatience
n．不耐烦
图解助记
巧记patient
即学即练
单句语法填空
①Fishing
is
a
hobby
which
calls
for
a
great
deal
of
__patience__(patient),
which
I
don’t
have.
②He
has
little
patience
__with__
people
who
talk
too
much.
③She
is
patient
with
her
__patients__(patient)；she
always
looks
after
them
__patiently__(patient)．
④He
was
very
__patient__(patience)
with
students
who
could
not
follow
him.
单句写作
⑤I
began
to
__lose
patience
with__(失去耐心)
him,
for
he
made
me
rather
embarrassed.
⑥The
reporter
was
__patiently__(耐心地)
digging
for
facts.
一句多译
他生气了，但他还是耐心地听我说。
⑦He
was
angry,
nevertheless
he
listened
__with
patience__.
⑧He
was
angry,
nevertheless
he
listened
__patiently__.
9．beneath
adv.&prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下
典型例句
Jo
enjoyed
feeling
the
warm
sand
beneath
her
feet.
乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。
He
was
standing
on
the
bridge
looking
at
the
river
beneath.
他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。
易混辨析
beneath,
below,
under
beneath
表示“在……正下方”，两者接触，与on相对
below
不强调在正下方，两者不接触，与above相对
under
强调在正下方，两者不接触，与over相对
即学即练
选词填空(beneath/below/under)
①Some
kids
sat
__under__
the
tree
playing
games.
②Lucy
enjoyed
feeling
the
warm
sand
__beneath__
her
feet.
③The
sun
sank
__below__
the
horizon.
重
点
短
语
1．in
return作为回报；作为回应
典型例句
They
let
us
use
their
computers，and
in
return
we
give
them
the
results
of
our
research.
他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为回报，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。
The
little
girl
gave
me
a
big
hug
in
return
for
my
help.
这个小女孩给了我一个大大的拥抱以回报我的帮助。
思维拓展
(1)in
return
for作为对……的回报
on
one’s
return某人一回来
(2)return
sth.to
sb.＝return
sb.sth.归还某人某物
return
to回到
return
to
normal恢复正常
名师点津
常见“in＋n.”短语
in
case以防万一
in
advance事先；提前
in
danger处于危险中
in
order井井有条
in
place在正确位置
in
reality/fact事实上
易混辨析
in
turn，in
return
in
turn
按顺序；转而；反过来
in
return
作为回报
即学即练
选词填空(in
return/in
turn)
①People
try
to
avoid
public
transportation
delays
by
using
their
own
cars,
and
this
__in
turn__
creates
further
problems.
②While
staying
in
the
village,
James
unselfishly
shared
whatever
he
had
with
the
villagers
without
asking
for
anything
__in
return__.
单句写作
③He
is
willing
to
help
those
in
trouble.__In
return__(作为回报),
people
respect
him，saying
he
is
a
warm-hearted
man.
④He
didn’t
expect
anything
__in
return
for__(作为对……的回报)
his
help.
⑤Even
with
treatment,
they
may
never
__return
to
normal__(恢复正常)．
2．make
a
bet打个赌
典型例句
We
had
a
bet
on
the
outcome
of
the
next
race.
我们就下次比赛的结果打了一个赌。
Oliver
made
a
bet
that
they
would
win
the
football
match.
奥利弗打赌他们会赢那场足球赛。
Roderick
made
a
bet
on
who
would
win
the
race.
罗德里克就谁会赢得比赛打了一个赌。
思维拓展
(1)for
a
bet为了打赌
win/lose
a
bet赢/输一场赌局
(2)bet
n.
[C]赌；打赌
vi.&
vt.
打赌；赌钱；敢说；八成儿
I
bet...我敢说……；我确信……
You
bet！当然！一定！
即学即练
单句语法填空
①I
hear
you’re
betting
__on__
whether
she’ll
marry
him.
②I
did
it
__for__
a
bet.
单句写作
③We’ve
__made
a
bet__(打个赌)
on
who’s
going
to
arrive
first.
④__I
bet__(我敢说)
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
⑤—Going
to
watch
the
Women’s
Volleyball
Match
on
Wednesday?
—__You
bet__(当然)!
Will
you
go
with
me?
3．as
a
matter
of
fact事实上；其实；说真的
典型例句
As
a
matter
of
fact，I
was
the
one
who
did
it.
其实，做这件事的人就是我。
As
a
matter
of
fact，he
is
telling
lies.
事实上，他在说谎。
思维拓展
(1)“事实上，实际上”的其他表达方式：
actually
in
effect
in
fact
in
practice
in
reality
in
truth
(2)matter构成的其他搭配：
to
make
matters
worse更糟糕的是
It’s
a
matter
of...这是一个……的问题。
What’s
the
matter(with
sb./sth.)？(某人/某物)怎么了？
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__As__
a
matter
of
fact,
I
knew
him
when
we
were
in
college.
②Growing
vegetables
looks
easy,
but
__actually__(actual)
it
takes
a
lot
of
learning.
③Outwardly
she
seemed
confident
but
in
__reality__(real)
she
felt
extremely
nervous.
单句写作
④He
thought
I
had
known
the
fact.But
__as
a
matter
of
fact/in
fact/in
actual
fact/actually/in
reality/in
effect__(事实上),
I
knew
nothing
about
it.
用matter的相关用法完成句子
⑤Their
savings
had
been
used
up
to
pay
lawyers’
fees.__To
make
matters
worse__(更糟糕的是),
Moth
was
diagnosed(诊断)
with
a
serious
disease.
⑥There’s
no
reason
to
be
disappointed.__As
a
matter
of
fact__(事实上),
this
could
be
rather
amusing.
⑦—__What’s
the
matter
with
Mary__(玛丽怎么了)?
—She
becomes
very
nervous
when
it
comes
to
performing
on
the
stage.
⑧__It
is
a
matter
of
pride__(这是件令人自豪的事)
for
me
to
recommend
her,
a
gifted
woman,
to
join
your
research.
4．by
accident偶然地；意外地
典型例句
We
met
by
accident
at
the
railway
station.
我们在火车站偶然相遇。
As
a
matter
of
fact,
I
landed
in
Britain
by
accident.
事实上，我是偶然到英国的。
思维拓展
偶然地
故意地
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It
was
done
not
__by__
accident
but
__on__
purpose.
②She
gave
away
the
secret
__accidentally__(accident)
due
to
panic.
③I
don’t
know
whether
this
happened
__by__
chance
or
__by__
design.
④In
my
opinion,
Susan
hurt
my
feelings
__deliberately__(deliberate)
rather
than
__by__
accident
as
she
insisted.
单句写作
⑤It
seems
that
his
success
happened
__by
accident/accidentally/by
chance__
(偶然地)，but
actually
it
was
the
result
of
his
years
of
efforts.
5．to
be
honest说实话；坦率地说
典型例句
To
be
honest，I
don’t
think
we
have
a
chance
of
winning.
说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。
To
be
honest，I
have
no
time
to
do
it.
老实说，我没有时间做这件事情。
思维拓展
(1)honestly
speaking老实说
to
tell
you
the
truth说实话，老实说
(2)英语中表示“……说”的短语：
generally
speaking一般来说
to
be
exact＝exactly
speaking确切地说
to
be
frank＝frankly
speaking坦率地说
in
general一般来说
in
other
words换句话说
or
rather更确切地说
to
sum
up概括地说
that
is
也就是说
名师点津
to
be
honest为不定式作独立成分，在句中作插入语。常见的还有to
be
exact
确切地说；to
tell
you
the
truth
老实告诉你；to
begin/start
with
首先等。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①__To__
be
honest,
I
don’t
know
if
he
broke
the
window
on
purpose.
②__Honestly__(honest)
speaking,
that’s
all
the
money
I
have.
单句写作
③__To
be
honest/Honestly
speaking/To
tell(you)
the
truth__(老实说),
I
have
been
dreaming
of
forming
a
band.
④She
has
worked
at
the
bank
for
many
years,
nine,
__to
be
exact/exactly
speaking__(确切地说)．
6．be
about
to
do
sth.即将或正要(做某事)
典型例句
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
my
mum
called
me.
我正要外出时，妈妈叫住了我。
There
is
about
to
be
a
huge
party
in
our
school.
在我们学校将有一场大型联欢会。
思维拓展
be
about
to
do...when...正要做……这时……
had
just
done...when...刚做完某事，这时……
be
doing...when...正在做……这时……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...正要做……这时……
I
was
about
to
go
out
when
an
unexpected
visitor
came.
我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。
I
had
just
gone
to
bed
when
the
telephone
rang.
我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
He
was
reading
newspapers
when
he
heard
his
name
called.
他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。
The
thief
was
on
the
point
of
putting
his
hand
into
the
lady’s
handbag
when
the
bus
suddenly
stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。
名师点津
在上面的句式中，when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。
易混辨析
be
about
to
do，be
going
to
do
be
about
to
do
表示“正要，即将做某事”，时间性比较紧迫，常与when连用，但句中不能再加at
once,
immediately及表示具体时间的状语
be
going
to
do
①表示某人按计划安排将要做某事②表示说话人根据迹象主动推测可能要发生的事，主语一般为物
即学即练
单句语法填空
①He
__was
sleeping__(sleep)
when
there
was
a
knock
at
the
door.
②I
was
about
to
go
out
__when__
someone
knocked
at
the
door.
③We
had
just
begun
to
work
__when__
the
machine
broke
down.
单句写作
④Tom
__was
about
to
give
up
when/was
on
the
point
of
giving
up
when__(正要放弃这时)
the
answer
to
the
question
occurred
to
him.
⑤I
__was
about
to
turn
off
my
computer
when__(正要关电脑这时)
I
received
an
email.
⑥Jack
__was
working
in
the
lab
when__(正在实验室里工作这时)
the
power
cut
occurred.
⑦I
__had
just/hardly/scarcely
got
to
the
office
when__(刚到办公室这时)
my
wife
phoned
me
to
go
back
home
at
once.
重
点
句
型
1．What
would
you
do
if
you
were
in
her
situation?
如果你处在她的处境你会怎么做？
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是What
would
you
do；从句是if
you
were
in
her
situation。
此处if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句的谓语形式为were，而主句的谓语形式是“would＋动词原形”。
(2)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式一览表：
从句谓语的形式
主句谓语的形式
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might
have＋过去分词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与将来情况相反
A．过去式(be动词一般用were)B．were
to＋动词原形C．should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
He
wouldn’t
feel
so
cold
if
he
stayed
indoors.
他要是待在室内就不会觉得这么冷了。(与现在事实相反)
If
we
hadn’t
made
adequate
preparations,
the
conference
wouldn’t
have
been
so
successful.
如果我们没有做充分的准备，这次会议是不会开得这么成功的。(与过去事实相反)
—Is
Anne
coming
tomorrow?
——安妮明天会来吗？
—If
she
were
to
come,
she
would
call
me.
——她如果要来的话，就会打电话给我的。(与将来情况相反)
即学即练
单句语法填空
①If
he
had
not
been
addicted
to
the
cell
phone
when
walking,
he
wouldn’t
__have
gotten__(get)
hit
by
a
car.
②(2020·江苏七市调研)—Ted
has
never
been
so
rude!
—You
wouldn’t
have
been
so
angry
if
he
__had
made__(make)
an
apology
for
it,
but
I
guess
he
didn’t
mean
that.
③If
I
had
the
chance,
I
__would/could/should/might
start__(start)
a
business
that
would
benefit
my
classmates
at
my
university.
④If
I
__should
see或saw__(see)
her
next
Monday,
I
would
tell
her
about
it.
⑤Sorry,
I
am
very
busy
now.If
I
__had__(have)
time,
I
would
certainly
go
to
the
movies
with
you.
⑥If
we
__had
taken__(take)
another
road,
we
wouldn’t
have
been
stuck
in
the
traffic
jam
for
so
long.
⑦If
I
__were__(be)
you,
I
would
pay
more
attention
to
English
idioms
and
phrases.
2．About
a
month
ago，I
was
sailing，and
towards
night
I
found
myself
carried
out
to
sea
by
a
strong
wind.
大约一个月前，我正在航行，天快黑的时候，我发现我被一阵强风刮到了海里。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，由并列连词and连接。I
found
myself
carried
out
to
sea
by
a
strong
wind.属于“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
(2)find
复合结构的常见形式：
①find＋名词/代词＋(to
be＋)形容词/副词/名词。意为“发现某人/某物……”，to
be
常可省略掉。
I
find
this
job
(to
be)
very
exciting.
我发现这份工作令人兴奋。
She
found
Jack
(to
be)
an
honest
man.
她发现杰克是个诚实的人。
②find＋名词/代词＋介宾短语。
He
found
a
stranger
in
the
room.
他发现房间里有个陌生人。
③find＋名词/代词＋现在分词。意为“发现某人/某物一直……”，可表示主动和进行。
She
found
a
wallet
lying
on
the
ground.
她发现地上有一个钱包。
④find＋名词/代词＋过去分词。意为“发现某人/某物被……”，可表示被动和完成。
He
found
his
dog
hidden
in
the
bush.
他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。
⑤find
it＋形容词＋to
do。it
是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语
to
do。
We
find
it
hard
to
learn
English
grammar.
我们发现学英语语法很难。
名师点津
(1)“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，当宾语是不定式短语、动词-ing形式或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后。
I
find
it
easy
that
we
climb
up
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
我发现我们爬上山顶很容易。
(2)若“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动形式，则原来的宾语变成主语，宾补变成主补。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①The
little
boy
was
very
pleased
to
find
the
bottle
__filled__(fill)
with
water.
②It’s
quite
common
to
find
her
__reading__(read)
the
newspaper.
③I
find
the
life
in
the
countryside
__peaceful__(peace)．
④She
woke
up
and
found
herself
__in__
a
hospital.
⑤The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
find
__it__
difficult
to
tell
one
from
the
other.
⑥He
was
found
__cheating__(cheat)
in
the
final
examination.
单句写作
⑦His
husband
rushed
home,
only
to
__find
the
door
locked__(发现门锁着)．
⑧He
__was
found
sitting/seated__(被发现坐着)
in
front
of
the
TV
set.
⑨When
he
came
to
himself,
he
__found
himself
lying
in
hospital__(发现自己躺在医院里)．
⑩The
boy
__finds
it
hard
to
get
up
early__(发现很难早起)
in
the
morning
in
winter.
3．And
it
was
the
ship
that
brought
you
to
England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，使用了强调句型，“It
is/was...that...”，强调了主语the
ship。
(2)强调句型的基本用法说明：
①基本结构：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
②被强调部分：主语、宾语和大部分状语
③it
和
that/who:
it
没有词义；强调任何成分都可用
that,
强调人时还可用who
It
is
I
that/who
am
wrong.
是我错了。(强调主语I)
It
was
here
that
I
lost
my
watch.
我是在这儿丢的手表。(强调地点状语here)
It
was
yesterday
that
we
attended
a
concert.
我们是昨天参加的音乐会。(强调时间状语yesterday)
思维拓展
强调句型的特殊形式有：
①一般疑问式：Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？
Was
it
Jim
that/who
bought
the
book?
买书的是吉姆吗？
②特殊疑问式：疑问词＋is/was
it
that＋其他？
What
is
it
that
he
wants
to
see?
他究竟想看到什么？
③not...until
强调式：It
is/was
not
until...＋that＋其他。
It
was
not
until
yesterday
that
I
knew
it.
直到昨天我才知道此事。
误区警示
①若被强调部分是主语，that/who
后的谓语应在人称和数上与原句的主语一致。
It
is
I
who
am
to
blame
for
the
accident.
这起事故该由我负责。
It
is
you
who
are
likely
to
win
the
contest.
有可能赢得这场比赛的是你。
②强调句型的判断：将句子中的It
is/was
和
that/who
去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，那么原来的句子就是强调句型，否则就不是。
It
is
when
you
nearly
lose
someone
that
you
fully
realize
how
much
you
value
him.
是当你几乎失去某人时你才完全意识到你多么重视他。
将It
is
和
that
去掉后，得到的句子“When
you
nearly
lose
someone
you
fully
realize
how
much
you
value
him.”在结构和意义上是完整的，说明原句是强调句型。
即学即练
单句语法填空
①It
was
with
the
help
of
the
local
guide
__that__
the
mountain
climber
was
rescued.
②__It__
was
at
midnight
that
I
got
back
home
yesterday.
③It
must
be
Peter
__who/that__
has
let
this
secret
out.
④__It__
was
because
I
was
stuck
in
the
traffic
jam
that
I
came
late.
⑤It
might
be
last
night
__that__
they
did
their
homework.
单句写作
⑥It
was
__not
until
he
finished__(直到他完成)
his
work
that
he
went
home.
⑦__It
was__
in
the
company
__where__
I
worked
two
years
ago
__that__
I
met
Mr
Smith.
是在我两年前工作的公司里，我遇见了史密斯先生。
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