(共38张PPT)
Unit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
Section
Ⅱ Discovering
Useful
Structures
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
单元语法精析
语法点拨
英语中分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词＋-ing”形式构成，在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。现在分词的基本形式如下：
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
现在分词一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。
?
及物动词(do)
不及物动词(go)
?
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
doing
being
done
going
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
having
gone
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。在这种情况下，及物动词通常是表示感觉和心理状态的动词或使役动词。
(2019·江苏高考)A
Mexican
farmer
was
surprised
to
see
smoke
rising
from
a
small
part
of
his
land.
一位墨西哥农民惊讶地发现从他的一小块地里冒出了烟。
I
felt
my
heart
beating
violently
when
I
was
seeing
the
70th
anniversary
of
foundation
of
the
People’s
Republic
of
China.
我看中华人民共和国成立70周年庆典的时候，感到心潮澎湃。
1．动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾语补足语
在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
In
the
crowded
cafe,
I
heard
a
friendly
voice
saying,
“You
can
share
my
table.”
在一个拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一个友好的声音在说：“你可以和我坐一桌。”
He
saw
a
girl
wandering
on
the
street
this
time
yesterday.
他昨天这个时候看到一个女孩正在街上闲逛。
在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用省略to的不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
Today
on
my
way
home,
I
saw
a
man
running
along
the
street
hurriedly.
今天在我回家的路上，我看到一个男人正匆忙从街上跑过。
I
saw
him
enter
the
room
and
take
something
away.
我看到他进入房间，并带着东西离开了。
完成句子
①I
___________
a
thief
stealing
money
from
the
old
woman’s
pocket
yesterday.
昨天我注意到一个小偷正在从那位上年纪的女士口袋里偷钱。
②She
________________________
at
the
door.
她听到有人在敲门。
noticed
heard
someone
knocking
③He
__________________________________.
他看见一个女孩上车把车开走了。
④Can
you
__________________
the
song
in
the
next
room?
你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
saw
a
girl
get
on
the
car
and
drive
off
hear
her
singing
2．动词-ing形式在使役动词宾补结构中的使用
使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
It’s
cold.
We
should
have
the
fire
burning
all
the
time.
天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。
I
won’t
have
you
running
about
in
the
room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
(1)have/get＋宾语＋done，done是过去分词作宾语补足语。包括两层意思：
①让别人去做某事
He
will
have/get
the
computer
repaired
tomorrow.
他明天让人给他修电脑。
②(主语)遭受到(意外的损失或不幸)
He
had/got
his
computer
stolen
the
other
day.
前几天他的电脑被偷了。
(2)have＋宾语＋do
sth.意思是“让某人去干某事”
Mother
has
me
go
to
the
shop
to
buy
some
fruit.
妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
leave(使……处于某种状态)，keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟分词作补足语，而不跟动词不定式。
Many
teachers
keep
parents
informed
of
children’s
performance
in
the
kindergarten
by
sharing
videos
on
WeChat.
许多老师通过在微信上分享视频让家长知晓孩子们在幼儿园的表现。
用所给单词的正确形式填空
①Mr
Smith
suggested
a
good
way
to
have
her
written
English
____________
(improve)
in
a
short
period.
②Don’t
leave
the
water
___________(run)
while
you
brush
your
teeth.
③Mother
has
the
little
girl
________(play)
the
piano
this
afternoon.
④He
needed
to
have
some
paperwork
_____________(deliver)
across
the
country
the
next
day.
improved
running
play
delivered
3．现在分词在with复合结构中的应用
在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表动作“正在进行”。
Singing
“You
don’t
know
love,
Fa
Hai”，
she
threw
the
tortoise
into
the
river,
with
tears
filling
her
eyes.
她唱着《法海你不懂爱》，把那只乌龟扔进了河里，眼里满是泪水。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does
Kilimanjaro
deserve
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace?
乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了它宁静的气氛，它应得这样的声誉吗？
在with的复合结构中，也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。
All
the
afternoon
he
worked
with
the
door
locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
I
can’t
go
out
with
all
these
clothes
to
wash.
要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
用所给单词的正确形式填空
①I
love
my
school
with
students
___________(work)
hard
to
realize
their
dreams
and
teachers
___________(help)
us
like
our
parents.
②(2019·江苏高考)China’s
image
is
improving
steadily,
with
more
countries
_______________(recognize)
its
role
in
international
affairs.
③With
Christmas
_______________(approach),
a
Christmas
party
will
be
held
in
the
school.
working
helping
recognizing
approaching
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
Swallowing
Little
Red
Hat,
the
wolf
went
to
bed
and
slept.
大灰狼吞下了小红帽，然后上床睡觉了。(时间状语)
I
feel
proud
knowing
your
interest
in
Chinese
history.
得知你对中国历史感兴趣我很高兴。(原因状语)
1．动词-ing形式表示时间。
Walking
in
the
park，she
saw
an
old
friend.
＝When/While
(she
was)
walking
in
the
park，she
saw
an
old
friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing
these
stories,
I’m
skeptical
about
the
place.(＝When
I
heard
these
stories...)
当我听到这些故事的时候，我对这个地方有点怀疑。
2．动词-ing形式表示原因。
Not
knowing
his
address,
I
can’t
send
this
book
to
him.
(＝As
I
don’t
know
his
address...)
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。
3．动词-ing形式表示结果。
His
father
died,
leaving
him
a
lot
of
money.(＝...and
left
him
a
lot
of
money.)
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
4．动词-ing形式表示条件。
Going
straight
down
the
road,
you
will
find
the
department
store.(＝If
you
go
straight
down
the
road...)
顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。
5．动词-ing形式表示让步。
Being
tired,
they
went
on
working.(Although
they
were
tired...)
尽管很累了，可他们继续工作。
6．动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。
He
lay
on
the
grass,
staring
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.(＝...and
stared
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.)
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
7．作方式状语
He
came
running
back
to
tell
me
the
news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
非谓语动词作状语时，如果提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
The
last
bus
having
gone,
we
had
to
walk
home.
末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。(having
gone的逻辑主语是the
last
bus，而不是we)
Weather
permitting,
the
football
match
will
be
played
on
Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。(permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the
football
match)
用所给单词的正确形式填空
①__________________(finish)
his
homework,
he
was
playing
on
the
playground.
②____________(study)
hard,
you
are
sure
to
get
first
prize.
③People
use
plastic
in
their
daily
life,
___________(leave)
large
amounts
of
waste.
④___________(work)
hard
at
your
lessons,
you
are
to
succeed.
⑤The
old
man,
________________(work)
abroad
for
twenty
years,
is
on
the
way
back
to
his
motherland.
Having
finished
Studying
leaving
Working
having
worked
语法专练
Ⅰ．用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1．Yesterday，another
student
and
I，________________(represent)
our
university’s
student
association，went
to
the
Capital
International
Airport
to
meet
this
year’s
international
students.
2．I
stood
for
a
minute
____________(watch)
them
and
then
went
to
greet
them.
3．She
stepped
back
_____________(appear)
surprised
and
put
up
her
hands，as
if
in
defence.
representing
watching
appearing
4．Then
Akira
Nagata
from
Japan
came
in
___________(smile)．
5．Just
at
that
moment，however，Akira
bowed
so
his
nose
touched
George’s
__________(move)
hand.
6．______________(not
know)
anything
about
the
accident，he
went
to
work
as
usual.
7．The
old
man
sat
under
the
tree
_____________(listen)
to
the
radio.
smiling
moving
Not
knowing
listening
8．___________(turn)
to
the
right，you
will
find
the
post
office
you’re
looking
for.
9．__________________(hold)
back
by
the
traffic
jam，she
couldn’t
get
there
on
time.
10．___________________(take)
to
hospital
in
time，the
little
girl
infected
with
bird
flu
was
saved
at
last.
Turning
Having
been
held
Having
been
taken
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．While
_______________________，he
was
an
advanced
worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
2．I
______________________
out
of
the
bank
when
I
got
off
the
car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。
3．_______________________，she
remembered
her
childhood.
看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
4．I
______________________
violently.
我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
working
in
the
factory
noticed
a
man
running
Seeing
those
pictures
felt
my
heart
beating
5．______________________________，we
are
ready
for
the
examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以考了。
6．_______________________________，many
customers
are
dissatisfied.
随着另一个问题的出现，许多消费者不满意了。
7．___________________________________________，many
people
didn’t
attempt
to
move
it.
由于不知道石头底下藏着金币，很多人都没有尝试去搬走它。
Having
made
full
preparations
With
another
problem
appearing
Not
knowing
the
gold
coins
hidden
under
the
stone
8．You
can’t
_______________________
all
day
long
at
the
weekend.
你不能让你的儿子周末整天待在家里学习。
9．It
has
rained
for
over
ten
days,
_________________________.
下了十多天雨，致使河水上涨。
10．They
should
not
____________________
what
they
will
do
next.
他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。
have
your
son
studying
causing
the
river
to
rise
leave
us
wondering
Ⅱ．语法主题应用
根据下面汉语提示写一篇小短文。
1．在回家的路上，我们看到一个大树枝躺在马路上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)
2．考虑到它会带来麻烦，我们决定把它移走。(动词-ing形式作原因状语)
3．在一些过路人的帮助之下，我们成功地把它移到一边。(with的复合结构)
4．看到我们的所作所为，人们为我们热烈鼓掌。(动词-ing形式作时间状语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
On
our
way
home，we
saw
a
big
branch
lying
on
the
road.Considering
it
might
cause
some
trouble,
we
decided
to
move
it
away.With
some
passers-by
helping
us,
we
managed
to
remove
it.
Seeing
what
we
had
done,
many
people
applauded
warmly.(共87张PPT)
Unit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
Section
Ⅲ Listening
and
Talking，
Reading
for
Writing
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．____________n.事故；车祸；失事
→______________
adj.意外的；
偶然的
2．_____________
n．手术；企业；经营
→___________
v．操作；动手术
→____________
n．操作人员；
接线员
3．___________
vi.&
vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
4．____________
n．子夜；午夜
accident
accidental
operation
operate
operator
whisper
midnight
5．__________
n．进口；进口商品
vt.进口；输入；引进
6．__________
n．出口；出口商品
vt.出口；输出；传播
7．________
n．(行星的)极；地极
8．_______
n．(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
9．________
vt.&vi.咬；叮；蛰
n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
→_______(过去式)
→__________(过去分词)
10．_______
n．嘴唇
import
export
pole
lap
bite
bit
bitten
lip
11．__________
vt.帮助；援助
→______________
n．帮助，援助
→_____________
n．助手；助理
12．____________主席；主持人；董事长
13．__________
n．记忆力；回忆
→____________
v．记忆；
记住
14．_________
n．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
15．________
n．咖啡馆；小餐馆
16．____________
n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
→__________
n．(餐馆等的)
服务员，侍者
assist
assistance
assistant
chairman
memory
memorize
chain
café
waitress
waiter
17．____________
adj.怀孕的；妊娠的
18．____________
vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖
n．伪装；化妆用具
19．_________
n．枫树；楲树
20．________
n．手推车；运货马车
21．_________
vt.&vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出
22．________
vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
23．________
n．眼泪；泪水
24．________
n．&
vt.伤害；损害
→___________
adj.有害的
→____________
adj.无害的
pregnant
disguise
maple
cart
spill
limp
tear
harm
harmful
harmless
25．___________
n．绝望；vi.绝望；感到无望
26．_________
n．力量；威力
27．_________
n．寓言；寓言故事
28．_________
n．(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
29．____________
adj.灵活的；可变通的
30．__________
n．收入；收益
31．_______
prep.每；每一
32．_____________
adv.因此；所以
33．___________
n．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
despair
might
fable
court
flexible
income
per
therefore
tension
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．_________
aid急救
2．pass
________去世
3．in
memory
______作为对……的纪念
4．trip
________被……绊倒
5．______
tears流着泪；含着泪
6．______
despair处于绝望中
first
away
of
over
in
in
7．_____
great
deal
(of)大量
8．______
midnight在午夜
9．neither...
_______...既不……也不……
10．make
______
attempt
to
do试图/企图做……
11．succeed
______
doing成功做了……
12．belong
______属于
a
at
nor
an
in
to
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．After
Dr
Bethune’s
death，Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，___________
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
2．After
a
while，a
group
of
women
came
along,
_________________
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
in
which
each
balancing
3．___________
she
_______
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
她和她的朋友都没有想到把石头移开。
4．She
__________________
all
day
and
was
very
tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。
Neither
nor
had
been
working
Ⅳ．课文理解
一、速读文章并完成下面的问题
1．What
does
the
fable
tell
us?
__________________________________________________________________________
2．How
many
parts
can
the
fable
be
divided
into,
and
what
are
they?
The
fable
can
be
divided
into
_______
parts.
__________
→_________________
________
→from
____________________________
It
tells
us
not
to
complain
about
the
problems
we
meet,
but
to
solve
it
positively.
two
Part
1
Paragraph
1
Part
2
Paragraph
2
to
Paragraph
9
二、细读文章并选出最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
is
true？_____
A．The
king
wanted
to
play
a
joke
on
others.
B．The
group
of
women
moved
the
stone
together.
C．The
girl
had
great
difficulty
moving
the
stone.
D．The
milkman
knew
who
put
the
stone
there.
C
2．What
can
you
infer
from
the
fable？_____
A．The
king
regretted
for
what
he
had
done.
B．The
girl
and
the
king
found
the
owner
of
the
coins.
C．The
girl
wasn’t
surprised
about
the
coins.
D．The
king
achieved
his
goal
at
last.
D
3．What’s
the
right
order
of
the
fable？_____
①The
king
placed
a
stone
in
the
road.
②A
group
of
women
passed
it.
③A
girl
saw
and
moved
away
the
stone.
④A
milkman
crashed
into
the
stone.
A．①②③④
B．①④②③
C．①②④③
D．④①②③
B
课内要点探究
What
are
you
whispering
about?
你们在小声说什么？
She
whispered
the
secret
in
his
ear.
她在他耳边小声说秘密。
重
点
单
词
1．whisper
vi.&
vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
He
whispered
to
me
that
he
was
afraid.
他低声对我说他害怕。
She
said
it
in
a
whisper，so
I
didn’t
hear.
她是悄声说的，所以我没有听见。
in
a
whisper
(＝in
whispers)
低声地
whisper
about
sth.密谈某事
whisper
sth.to
sb.小声对某人说某事
whisper
(to
sb.)
that...
小声(对某人)说……
It
is
whispered
that...
有人私下说……
whisper后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词to，即whisper
sth.to
sb.＝whisper
to
sb.sth.。类似结构还有：
announce
sth.to
sb.同某人宣布某事
explain
sth.to
sb.向某人解释某事
introduce
sth.to
sb.向某人介绍某事
suggest
sth.to
sb.向某人提议某事
report
sth.to
sb.向某人报告某事
单句语法填空
①“You
can
come
if
you
like，”
he
said
______
a
whisper.
②When
I
came
in,
I
find
two
students
______________(whisper)
to
each
other.
in
whispering
完成句子
③They
debated
it
______________.
他们低声辩论。
④__________________
that
he
was
heavily
in
debt.
据说他负债累累。
in
whispers
It
was
whispered
Who
will
assist
us
to
finish
the
job?
谁将协助我们完成这项工作？
We
will
assist
you
in
finding
somewhere
to
live.
我们将帮你找个住的地方。
Please
let
me
know
if
there
is
anything
else
I
can
assist
you
with.
如果有什么我可以帮你的，请告诉我。
Anyone
willing
to
assist
can
contact
this
number.
凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。
2．assist
vt.帮助；援助
(1)assist
sb.to
do
sth.帮助某人做某事
assist
sb.in(doing)
sth.帮助某人(做)某事
assist
sb.with
sth.在某事上帮助某人
(2)assistant
n．助手，助理；售货员 adj.助理的(用在头衔或职位前，表示级别略低)
assistant
manager经理助理
(3)assistance
n.
[U]帮助，援助，支持
with
the
assistance
of...在……的帮助下
come
to
one’s
assistance/help来帮助某人
单句语法填空
①John
works
as
an
_____________(assist)
manager
in
an
import
company.
He
is
a
nice
person
and
usually
___________(assist)
his
neighbors
__________
lots
of
things.
Several
days
ago,
John
fell
down
from
a
ladder
and
was
badly
injured.
With
the
______________(assist)
of
Lucy,
who
is
a
nurse,
John
is
recovering
quickly
now.
assistant
assists
with/in
assistance
一句多译
如果你能帮助我完成这个实验，我将不胜感激。
②I’d
appreciate
it
greatly
if
you
could
_______________________
________________
the
experiment.
③I’d
appreciate
it
greatly
if
you
could
__________________
the
experiment.
assist
me
in
finishing/assist
me
to
finish
assist
me
with/in
She
burst
into
tears
when
she
heard
the
bad
news.
她听到那个坏消息时突然哭了起来。
He
stood
there
silently
and
was
moved
to
tears.
他静静地站在那里，感动得流下了眼泪。
He
struggled
to
hold
back
the
tears.
他竭力忍住眼泪。
3．tear
n．眼泪；泪水
(1)in
tears流着泪，含着泪
burst
into
tears＝burst
out
crying突然大哭起来
be
moved
to
tears感动得落泪
fight
back/hold
back
the
/one’s
tears强忍住眼泪
(2)/te?r/
vt.&
vi.(tore，torn)撕裂，撕碎，扯破，戳破 vt.撕开，划成，刺出，扯开(裂口或洞)
tear
apart使分离，使分裂；撕毁；使极其难受
tear
down拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等)
tear
up撕碎，撕毁(合同等)
Seeing
her
so
upset
really
tore
him
apart.
看到她那么伤心，他感到很难受。
She
tore
up
all
the
letters
he
had
sent
her.
她把他寄给她的信都撕了。
单句语法填空
①(北京高考完形填空改编)She
would
open
a
book,
pretending
to
read,
with
_________(tear)
dropping
on
the
open
page.
②(2020·江苏四校期中)Many
old
residential
areas(居民区)
were
torn
________
in
favour
of
new
modern
communities.
tears
down
完成句子
③The
poor
little
girl
________________________________
when
hearing
the
news
that
her
grandmother
had
passed
away.
那个可怜的小女孩听到祖母去世的消息时突然大哭起来。
④The
story
of
the
little
boy
was
so
sad
that
I
could
hardly
________
____________________.
这个小男孩的故事如此令人悲伤，以至于我没有忍住眼泪。
burst
into
tears/burst
out
crying
fight
back/hold
back
my
tears
Eating
too
much
sweet
food
will
do
great
harm
to
you/do
you
great
harm.
吃太多甜食对你危害甚大。
He
meant
no
harm—he
was
only
joking.
他并没有恶意——他只是在开玩笑。
Some
rubbish
in
the
water
can
harm
the
fishes.
水中的一些垃圾会危及鱼类。
4．harm
n．&
vt.伤害；损害
(1)do
harm
to
sb./sth.＝do
sb./sth.harm对某人/某物有害
mean
no
harm
(to
sb.)(对某人)无恶意
(2)harmful
adj.有害的
be
harmful
to
sb./sth.对某人/某物有害
(3)harmless
adj.无害的
单句语法填空
①Eating
and
drinking
too
much
and
so
on
will
surely
do
harm
______
their
health.
②The
air
pollution
is
very
serious,
so
taking
outdoor
exercise
may
be
___________
(harm)
to
our
health.
③I
think
this
kind
of
behaviour
is
normal
and
____________(harm)．
④As
parents,
they
have
responsibility
to
make
sure
we
won’t
____________
(harm)．
to
harmful
harmless
be
harmed
It’s
been
over
a
year
since
my
grandfather
passed
away.
我祖父去世已经一年多了。
Sadly,
Dr
Bethune
passed
away
in
November
the
following
year
and
was
buried
in
Shijiazhuang.
不幸的是，白求恩大夫第二年11月去世，葬在石家庄。
重
点
短
语
1．pass
away去世
(1)pass
by经过
pass...on
to把……传递给
pass
down流传，世代相传
pass
through通过，穿过
pass...off
as装作，假装
pass
the
driving
test通过驾照考试
pass
the
time消磨时间
pass
sth.to
sb.把某物传给某人
(2)“死”的委婉表达法：pass
away，sleep
the
final
sleep，breathe
one’s
last。
单句语法填空
①We
were
passing
______，so
we
thought
we’d
come
and
say
hello.
②Alice
was
very
sorry
to
hear
her
grandmother
had
passed
________
two
days
before.
③Valuable
things
that
were
passed
________
have
something
in
common.
④On
such
an
occasion,
the
torch
will
be
passed
from
one
person
______
to
another.
by
away
down
on
单句写作
⑤They
all
waved
merrily
as
they
____________(经过)．
⑥She
said
she’d
__________
the
message
________(把……传给……)
my
colleagues.
passed
by
passed
on
to
He
wrote
a
long
moving
poem
in
memory
of
his
wife.
他写了一首感人的长诗来纪念他的妻子。
He
founded
the
charity
in
memory
of
his
late
wife.
他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。
2．in
memory
of作为对……的纪念
in＋n.＋of
短语：
in
praise
of
歌颂
in
honor
of纪念；为向……表示敬意
in
favor
of
赞同
in
support
of
支持
in
charge
of
负责
in
search
of
寻找
in
possession
of拥有
in
need/want
of需要
in
place
of
代替
n
hope
of
希望
用
in＋n.＋of
短语填空
①This
is
a
book
______________
the
construction
workers.
②We
are
all
_____________
your
plan.
③They
started
off
at
once
______________
the
missing
girl.
④A
great
banquet
was
held
_____________
our
distinguished
guests.
⑤We
use
chopsticks
_____________
knives
and
forks.
in
praise
of
in
favor
of
in
search
of
in
honor
of
in
place
of
⑥A
medical
team
rushed
to
the
scene
of
the
disaster
where
hospitals
were
________________
doctors
and
nurses.
⑦Two
minutes
of
silence
were
observed
______________
those
who
died
in
the
war.
⑧Shang
Zhi
is
the
chief
commander
who
was
______________
the
launch
of
Shenzhou
VI.
in
need/want
of
in
memory
of
in
charge
of
He
picked
up
his
suitcase
and
climbed
the
stairs.
他拎起手提箱，爬上了楼梯。
I
picked
up
some
highly
useful
old
books.
我偶然得到了几本极为有用的旧书。
Remember
that
time
she
picked
up
my
daughter
when
I
was
ill?
还记得那次我生病，她替我接女儿吗？
3．pick
up捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转
pick
oneself
up(摔倒后)站起来
pick
out挑出；挑选；辨别出
pick
sb.to
do
sth.选中某人做某事
pick
one’s
pocket扒窃；掏包
pick
up的多种含义：
写出下列句中pick
up的含义
①(2018·北京阅读理解改编)Instead
of
walking
a
few
blocks(街区)
to
pick
up
a
child
or
the
dry
cleaning,
they
send
the
self-driving
minibus.
____________________
解析：句意：他们不是步行几个街区去接孩子或取回干洗的衣物，而是派自动驾驶的小型公共汽车去做这些。
(开车)接人；取回
②Thanks
to
the
immediate
measure
taken
by
the
government,
the
economy
picked
up
soon
after
the
global
financial
crisis.________
解析：句意：由于政府及时采取措施，经济(状况)在全球金融危机后很快好转了。
③It’s
surprising
that
your
brother
picked
up
Russian
so
quickly—he
hasn’t
lived
there
very
long.________
④He
picked
up
a
wallet
on
the
way
to
picking
up
his
daughter
yesterday.
________；______________
好转
学会
捡起
(开车)接人
⑤(2019·北京阅读理解改编)The
problem
of
robocalls
had
gotten
so
bad
that
many
people
now
refuse
to
pick
up
calls
from
numbers
they
don’t
know.
__________
⑥After
work
she
always
picks
up
some
vegetables
and
fruit
at
the
shop
round
the
corner.________________
接电话
(廉价地)买到
He
likes
to
swim
a
great/good
deal.
他非常喜欢游泳。
She
spent
a
great/good
deal
of
money
on
clothes.
她在衣服上花了不少钱。
A
great/good
deal
has
been
said
about
it.
关于这一点已经说了很多了。
4．a
great
deal
(of)大量
(1)作状语，修饰动词或者形容词/副词的比较级。
(2)作主语或宾语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(3)和of连用修饰不可数名词。
单句语法填空
①How
can
we
deal
with
it?
A
great
deal
of
trouble
________(lie)
before
us.
②It
is
reported
that
many
a
new
house
________________(build)
at
present
in
the
disaster
area.
③Now
plenty
of
gas
____________(need)
for
the
increasing
cars
to
run
in
the
street.
lies
is
being
built
is
needed
④Large
amounts
of
money
_____________(spend)
buying
new
books
last
year.
⑤Large
quantities
of
research
into
the
subject
________________(do)
so
far.
⑥A
good
many
foreigners
_______(pay)
a
visit
to
the
Great
Wall
every
year.
were
spent
have
been
done
pay
Do
you
belong
to
the
tennis
club?
你是网球俱乐部的吗？
5．belong
to属于
(1)belong
to
sb.属于某人，归某人所有
belong
to
a
club是俱乐部的成员
(2)belongings
n．(pl.)所有物；财产，财物
a
sense
of
belonging归属感
personal
belongings(pl.)个人财物，私人用品
belong
to既无被动语态，也不用于进行时态。但可用现在分词作后置定语。
to是介词，后面跟名词或人称代词宾格作宾语而不能跟名词所有格或者物主代词。
单句语法填空
①I
really
don’t
know
______
whom
this
computer
belongs.
②The
car
belonging
to
_______(he)
was
seriously
broken
in
a
traffic
accident.
③The
house
_____________(belong)
to
me
stands
in
the
centre
of
the
city.
④I
just
escaped
from
the
flood
and
all
my
belongings
_____________
(sweep)
away.
to
him
belonging
were
swept
单句写作
⑤Living
abroad,
he
doesn’t
have
_____________________(归属感)．
⑥Do
you
think
these
boxes
of
medicine
____________(属于)
that
clinic?
a
sense
of
belonging
belong
to
重
点
句
型
1．After
Dr
Bethune’s
death，Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，in
which
he
praised
Dr
Bethune
as
a
hero
to
be
remembered
in
China.
白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他，赞扬白求恩大夫是中国人民永远铭记的英雄。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Chairman
Mao
Zedong
wrote
an
article
in
memory
of
him，后面是in
which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an
article。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，现将其用法归纳如下：
The
papers
(which)
he
was
searching
for
have
been
recovered.
他刚才在寻找的那些文件已经找回来了。
The
holiday
villa
had
a
large
window
on
every
side
from
which
(＝where)
one
could
enjoy
the
lakeside
scenery，as
enchanting
as
fairyland.
度假别墅轩窗四周，满目湖光山色，真如仙境。
The
farm
on
which
we
worked
ten
years
ago
isn’t
what
it
used
to
be.
十年前我们工作过的那个农场已不是过去的样子了。(on
the
farm在农场里)
The
bridge
on
which
they
were
standing
collapsed.
他们站在上面的那座桥倒塌了。(stand
on
the
bridge站在桥上)
He
was
educated
at
the
local
high
school，after
which
he
went
to
Peking
University.
在当地高中接受完教育后，他去了北京大学。(根据句子的具体含义)
Ten
years
of
hard
work
changed
her
greatly，for
which
reason
he
could
hardly
recognize
her
at
first
sight.
十年的辛劳使她变化很大，他一眼很难认出她来。(which作定语)
(1)指抽象或隐含关系时，介词要置于关系代词之前。
The
decision
was
made
at
the
meeting
during
which
I
kept
falling
asleep.
这项决定是在我瞌睡不断的那次会议上做出的。(during不能后置)
(2)某些两个词或三个词构成的固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词置于关系代词前。
This
is
the
girl
whom
he
will
take
care
of.
这就是他将照顾的女孩。(of不宜前置)
单句语法填空
①He
is
kind
to
Bill，with
________
he
plays
chess.
②Is
this
the
car
_______
which
you
paid
a
high
price?
③Nelson
Mandela
devoted
his
life
to
fighting
for
a
free
society
in
_________
all
people
live
together
in
harmony.
④(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Some
time
after
10,000
BC，people
made
the
first
real
attempt
to
control
the
world
they
lived
______，through
agriculture.
whom
for
which
in
2．After
a
while，a
group
of
women
came
along，each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head.
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。本句中each
balancing
a
pot
of
water
on
her
head是一个由代词each和动词-ing形式短语组成的独立结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法现象被称作“独立主格结构”。
(2)独立主格结构的用法：
Time
permitting，we
will
go
for
an
outing
tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天外出游玩。(Time和permit是逻辑上的主谓关系)
Many
funny
stories
included
in
the
book，it
is
very
popular
with
children.
这本书中有许多好笑的故事，深受孩子们的喜爱。(stories和included是逻辑上的动宾关系)
The
exam
to
be
held
tomorrow，I
can’t
go
to
the
cinema
tonight.
明天将举行考试，今晚我不能去看电影了。(The
exam和hold是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示将要发生的动作)
So
many
windows
to
clean，I
had
to
devote
the
whole
morning.
因为有许多窗户要擦，我只好用了整个上午。(windows是clean这一动作的承受者，但句子主语I为clean这一动作的执行者，所以这里用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义)
She
looked
at
him，her
eyes
full
of
excitement
and
curiosity.
她看着他，目光里充满了兴奋和好奇。
She
came
up，her
hair
a
mess.
她走了过来，头发蓬乱不堪。
在独立主格结构中用动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词的意义是不同的。动词不定式往往表示动作没有发生或即将发生，现在分词表示动作正在进行或现在的状态，过去分词往往表示动作已经完成。独立主格结构有时可以和with复合结构互换。
With
autumn
coming，the
tree
leaves
turn
yellow
and
some
birds
fly
to
the
south.＝Autumn
coming，the
tree
leaves
turn
yellow
and
some
birds
fly
to
the
south.
秋天来了，树叶变黄了，一些鸟儿飞到了南方。
单句语法填空
①Tom
looked
at
Jenny，tears
___________(fill)
his
eyes，and
shouted
out
the
words
__________(hide)
in
his
heart
for
years.
②His
attention
________________(concentrate)
on
what
he
was
doing，he
didn’t
notice
that
his
bike
had
been
stolen.
③A
lot
of
work
________(do)，he
had
no
time
to
talk
with
us.
④Time
______________(permit),
I’ll
assist
you
cleaning
the
kitchen.
⑤It
_________(be)
hot,
many
people
sit
in
the
shade
of
the
maple.
⑥There
_________(be)
no
truck,
we
had
to
use
carts.
filling
hidden
concentrated
to
do
permitting
being
being
单句写作
⑦He
came
into
the
room,
______________________(他的鼻子冻得通红)．
⑧A
ceremony
was
held
in
memory
of
the
hero,
__________________
________________(每人戴着一朵白花)．
his
nose
red
with
cold
each
person
wearing
a
white
flower
3．Neither
she
nor
her
friends
thought
about
moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road.
她和她的朋友都没有想到把石头移开。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是Neither
she
nor
her
friends，谓语是thought
about，moving
the
stone
out
of
the
road是宾语。
(2)neither...nor...
“既不……也不……”，为并列连词词组，可以连接两个相同的句子成分(如两个主语、宾语、表语、谓语、状语)，连接并列主语时，谓语动词和靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I
have
neither
time
nor
money.
我没有时间，也没有钱。(连接两个宾语)
He
could
neither
read
nor
write.
他既不会读也不会写。(连接两个谓语)
Neither
you
nor
he
is
right.
你和他都不对。(连接两个主语)
(1)neither...nor...也可以连接句子，但需用部分倒装语序。
(2)类似“就近一致”的结构还有：
either...or...；not
only...but
also...；not...but...；there
be...
单句语法填空
①Neither
he
nor
I
________(have)
ever
been
to
this
chain
store
before.
②Neither
the
students
nor
the
teacher
_________(know)
the
reason
why
she
is
behaving
so
strangely.
③Not
only
Lucy
but
also
her
friends
_______(be)
going
to
take
part
in
the
boat
race.
have
knows
are
单句写作
④There
are
occasions
that
____________________________(要么让我们享受生活)
or
forget
about
our
work
for
a
little
while.
⑤In
my
opinion,
this
kind
of
method
is
__________________________
(既不灵活也不高效)．
either
allow
us
to
enjoy
life
neither
flexible
nor
efficient
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，and连接两个并列的谓语。had
been
working用了过去完成进行时。
4．She
had
been
working
all
day
and
was
very
tired.
她工作了一整天，非常累。
(2)过去完成进行时的用法说明：
They
had
been
building
the
road
by
the
end
of
last
month.
到上个月月末为止他们一直在修这条路。
They
had
built
the
road
by
the
end
of
last
month.
上个月月末他们已修好了这条路。
单句语法填空
①He
_________________(live)
in
an
old
house
before
he
bought
a
new
flat
in
the
town.
②The
Smiths
_________________(live)
in
the
countryside
before
they
moved
to
New
York.
完成句子
③I
was
very
tired.
I
__________________
all
day.
我很累，一整天我都在干活。
had
been
living
had
been
living
had
been
working (共24张PPT)
Unit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
Section
Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
人物描写是记叙文的一种。是对人物外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述。写好人物描写记叙文，应注意以下几点：
首先，应对此人进行简要的介绍，比如生平、事迹、职业等；
其次，挑选出此人一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写，要尽可能详细，因为这影响到人们对他/她的整体评价；
最后，对此人进行客观地评价，包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。
人物描写
【常用表达】
1．介绍人物的姓名、出身及外貌特征
(1)He
had
fair
hair
and
blue
eyes.
(2)Abraham
Lincoln,
the
son
of
a
poor
family,
was
born
in
Kentucky
on
February
12,
1809.
(3)She
is
tall
and
slim
with
big
eyes
and
curly
hair.
(4)Sue
was
a
young
woman
who
was
studying
art.
(5)He
is
a
good-looking
and
kind-hearted
man.
2．介绍人物的影响及人们对此人的评价
(1)He
became
famous
for
his
new
theory.
(2)The
people
had
come
to
love
him
as
an
inspiring
leader.
(3)We
regard
him
as
our
model.
(4)Lei
Feng
has
been
praised
for
his
communist
spirit.
精品展示
请你根据表格里的内容，用英语介绍简·古道尔。
姓名
简·古道尔(Jane
Goodall)博士
研究领域
著名的野生动物研究专家，尤其在研究黑猩猩方面
性格
谦虚、坦诚、考虑周到
姓名
简·古道尔(Jane
Goodall)博士
成长
过程
1.童年时代，碰巧看到一本名叫《泰山和杜拉德博士》的书。受到极大鼓舞，打算研究动物
2．在那个时代，妇女受到歧视，但妈妈支持她
3．20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动，完全弄懂了它们的行为
成就
1.成立了几个组织，发起了一项保护动物的运动
2．在世界各地演讲，呼吁年轻一代参加“根与芽”活动
3．被授予了多个奖项
?
参考词汇：《泰山和杜拉德博士》Tarzan
and
Dr
Doolittle；“根与芽”“Shoot
and
Root”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
1．确定体裁：本文为__________
2．确定人称：以第______人称为主
3．确定时态：以______________和______________为主
4．话题：记叙女科学家在动物方面的研究
记叙文
三
一般现在时
一般过去时
第二步 提炼要点
1．成长过程
2．成就
3．总结
第三步 句式升级
1．童年时代，她碰巧看到一本名叫《泰山和杜拉德博士》的书。
(一般表达)When
she
was
a
child,
she
happened
to
read
a
book
of
Tarzan
and
Dr
Doolittle.
(高级表达)In
her
childhood,
she
______________
a
book
which
is
called
Tarzan
and
Dr
Doolittle
____________.
came
across
by
chance
2．她受到了极大的鼓舞，打算将来研究动物。
(一般表达)She
was
encouraged
and
planned
to
study
animals
in
the
future.
(高级表达)Greatly
inspired
by
it,
Jane
___________________
animals
one
day.
intended
to
study
3．20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，在那里她用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动。
(一般表达)In
the
1960s,
Jane
went
to
Africa
to
study
chimps,
and
there
she
spent
over
25
years
observing
and
recording
their
daily
activities.
(高级表达)In
the
1960s,
Jane
____________
to
Africa
to
study
chimps,
_________
she
spent
over
25
years
observing
and
recording
their
daily
activities.
moved
off
where
参考范文：
Dr
Jane
Goodall,
a
famous
specialist,
studies
wild
animals,
especially
in
chimps.She
is
a
modest,
outspoken
and
considerate
woman.
In
her
childhood,
she
came
across
a
book
which
is
called
Tarzan
and
Dr
Doolittle
by
chance.Greatly
inspired
by
it,
Jane
intended
to
study
animals
one
day.At
that
time,
women
were
often
looked
down
on
and
only
her
mother
supported
her
decision.In
the
1960s,
Jane
moved
off
to
Africa
to
study
chimps,
where
she
spent
over
25
years
observing
and
recording
their
daily
activities
and
fully
understood
chimps’
behaviour.Setting
up
several
organizations
and
launching
a
campaign
to
protect
animals
have
made
her
famous
all
over
the
world.In
recent
years,
Jane
has
delivered
speeches
all
over
the
world
to
call
on
younger
generations
to
take
part
in
her
project
“Shoot
and
Root”．
亮点点评：
本文行文流畅，描写到位。诸如modest,
outspoken，considerate，look
down
on和support等高级词汇运用得当。高级句式例如“Greatly
inspired
by
it”为过去分词短语作状语；“Setting
up
several
organizations
and
launching
a
campaign
to
protect
animals”是动名词短语作主语，这些都运用得很好。
Many
prizes
have
been
awarded
to
Jane
Goodall
to
honor
her
great
achievements.
2012年10月9日，巴基斯坦十五岁的女孩马拉拉在放学回家途中遭到塔利班暗杀，头部中枪。康复后，马拉拉不畏威胁，积极为巴基斯坦女童争取受教育的权利。联合国将每年的7月12日(她的生日)定为“马拉拉日”(Malala
Day)。请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文。短文应包括以下内容：
1．简述马拉拉的故事；
2．说明教育的重要性(至少两点)；
3．谈谈学校教育对你的影响(至少两点)。
注意：词数80左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
On
October
9,2012，Malala,
a
15-year-old
Pakistani
girl,
was
shot
in
the
head
by
the
Taliban
on
her
way
home
from
school.___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
On
October
9,2012，Malala,
a
15-year-old
Pakistani
girl,
was
shot
in
the
head
by
the
Taliban
on
her
way
home
from
school.
However,
the
Taliban
failed
to
silence
her.After
a
miraculous
recovery,
she
was
committed
to
fighting
for
girls’
right
to
education.In
honor
of
her
bravery
and
devotion,
the
UN
declared
July
12
(her
birthday)
as
Malala
Day.
Deeply
inspired
by
the
story
of
Malala,
I
firmly
believe
in
the
significance
of
education.Education
enables
people
to
raise
their
voices
for
rights
and
change
the
world
by
calling
for
more
equality.
When
I
reflect
on
my
own
experience,
I
feel
grateful
that
I
have
benefited
a
lot
from
my
school
education.
I
have
acquired
knowledge
and
skills
to
prepare
myself
for
the
future.Besides,
school
education
provides
me
with
opportunities
to
broaden
my
horizons
and
improve
myself.(共142张PPT)
Unit
2 Morals
and
Virtues
单元核心素养
What
Does
Moral
Dilemma
Mean?
Philosophers
as
far
back
as
Plato
have
wrestled
near
impossible
moral
questions
that
test
the
character
of
the
person
making
the
decision.
Today,
these
questions
are
known
as
moral
dilemmas.
However,
centuries
of
debate
still
leave
many
of
these
dilemmas
unsolved.
单元话题导读
Definition
A
moral
dilemma
is
defined
as
any
situation
in
which
the
person
making
the
decision
experiences
a
conflict
between
the
moral
rightness
of
a
decision
and
the
quality
of
the
results
it
produces.
Many
times,
these
dilemmas
involve
a
morally
wrong
decision
that
produces
a
desirable
result,
or
vice
versa.Other
times,
moral
dilemmas
involve
a
decision
in
which
the
person
is
forced
to
choose
only
one
of
two
good
things.
Historic
Examples
One
classic
example
of
a
moral
dilemma
is
the
famous
1842
shipwreck
in
which
the
captain
was
forced
to
choose
between
throwing
the
weak
passengers
overboard
or
letting
all
the
passengers
drown.
The
1982
movie
Sophie’s
Choice
portrays
another
moral
dilemma,
in
which
a
mother
is
forced
to
choose
which
of
her
two
children
would
be
executed
in
a
concentration
camp.
Modern
Examples
A
family’s
difficult
decision
about
whether
to
take
a
terminally
ill
loved
one
off
life
support
is
an
example
of
a
modern
moral
dilemma.
Other
common
dilemmas
include
good
Samaritan
situations,
for
example,
a
passer-by
is
forced
to
choose
between
the
convenience
of
letting
a
stranger
go
unaided
and
the
moral
obligation
to
assist
someone
in
need.
道德困境是什么意思？
早在柏拉图时代，哲学家们就已经努力解决了几乎不可能的道德问题，这些问题考验着做出决定的人的性格。今天，这些问题被称为道德困境。然而，几个世纪的争论仍然让许多这些困境没有解决。
定义
道德困境是指决策者在决策的道德正确性和决策制造的结果的质量之间发生冲突的任何情况。很多时候，这些困境涉及一个道德上错误的决定，产生一个理想的结果，反之亦然。另一些时候，道德困境涉及一个决定，在这个决定中，一个人只能选择两件好事中的一件。
历史上的例子
道德困境的一个典型例子是1842年那场著名的沉船事故，船长被迫在把虚弱的乘客扔下船或让所有乘客淹死之间做出选择。1982年的电影《苏菲的选择》描绘了另一种道德困境，在这种困境中，一个母亲被迫选择在集中营处决两个孩子中的哪一个。
现代例子
一个家庭对于是否让一个身患绝症的亲人脱离生命支持的艰难决定就是现代道德困境的一个例子。其他常见的困境包括好心人的处境，例如，一个过路人被迫在让陌生人独自去的方便和帮助有需要的人的道德义务之间做出选择。
词海拾贝
1．wrestle
v．摔跤；奋力对付
2．shipwreck
n．海难 v．船只失事
Section
Ⅰ Listening
and
Speaking，
Reading
and
Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．_________
adj.道德的；道义上的
n．品行；道德；寓意
2．__________
n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．______________
vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图
→________________
n．图表，插图；图解；图示
4．____________
adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
5．____________
n．结婚；婚姻
→
_________v.结婚，娶，嫁
→___________
adj.已婚的
moral
virtue
illustrate
illustration
precious
marriage
marry
married
6．____________
n．大部分；大多数
→_________
adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修
→____________
n．少数民族；少数
7．____________
vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚
→_____________
n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉
8．_______
n．专业服务费；报酬
9．___________
vt.回答；回复
vi.做出反应；回应
→____________
n．反应；回答；回复
10．_________
n．协会；联合会；工会
majority
major
minority
complain
complaint
fee
respond
response
union
11．_______________
n．奖学金
12．________
vt.聘任；雇用；租用
n．租借；租用
13．_____________
n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
→_____________
n．物理学家
→____________
adj.身体的；物理的
→___________
n．物理学
14．_____________
n．同事；同僚
15．__________
vt.拒绝接受；不录用
→_____________
n．拒绝接受；否决
scholarship
hire
physician
physicist
physical
physics
colleague
reject
rejection
16．___________
vt.任命；委派
→_______________
n．任命，委派
17．__________
n．诊所；门诊部
→____________
adj.临床的；
临床诊断的
18．___________
adj.遥远的
19．_________
vt.选举；推选
→____________
n．选举；推选；当选
→___________
n．选举人
20．__________
n．十年；十年期
appoint
appointment
clinic
clinical
faraway
elect
election
elector
decade
21．_____________
adv.在别处；去别处
22．________
vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于
→____________
n．趋势；倾向
23．___________
vt.发表(作品)；出版
→_____________
n．出版人(或机构)
24．_________
n．员工；全体职员
25．__________
vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出
→______________
n．退休
→___________
adj.退休的
elsewhere
tend
tendency
publish
publisher
staff
retire
retirement
retired
26．__________
n．节省物；节省；节约
[pl.]储蓄金；存款
27．________________
n．学前班；幼儿园
28．_____________
n．道德原则；法则；原则
29．___________
adj.被动的；顺从的
30．_________
vt.惊吓；使害怕
vi.使惊吓
→__________
adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
→_________
adj.引起恐慌的
saving
kindergarten
principle
passive
scare
scared
scary
31．_________
adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的
→___________
v．使变锋利
32．_____________
n．保险；保险业
33．_____________
adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
→__________
n．精力；力量；能源
34．___________
vt.接替；取代；更换
→_______________
n．替换；更换；替代品；替换
sharp
sharpen
insurance
energetic
energy
replace
replacement
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．carry
sb.___________
sth.帮助某人渡过难关
2．tend
to
______
sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3．get
______
trouble陷入困境；遇到麻烦
4．not
________...
but
also...不仅……而且……
5．be
famous
_______因……而闻名
6．be
affected
______被……影响/感动
7．instead
______代替；而不是
8．would
rather
______
sth.宁愿做某事
9．graduate
________从……毕业
through
do
in
only
for
by
of
do
from
10．because
______因为；由于
11．______
need
of需要
12．care
_______照看；喜欢
13．be
responsible
_______对……负责
14．treat...______...把……当作
15．be
known
______...作为……而闻名
16．______
one’s
own属于某人自己的
17．be
ready
to
______乐意干某事
18．not..._______
more不再……
of
in
for
for
as
as
of
do
any
Ⅱ．重点句型
1．To
a
person
____________________________________...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
2．She
responded，“I’d
______________
single
to
study
all
my
life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
3．She
immediately
became
the
first
woman
ever
_____________
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
nothing
is
more
precious
than
their
life
rather
stay
to
be
hired
4．At
times
she
_______
even
______________
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
5．Though
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
married，she
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，___________________
over
50,000
babies
in
her
lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
was
seen
riding
having
delivered
Ⅳ．课文预读
一、速读文章并补全下面的句子
From
the
life
of
Lin
Qiaozhi
we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that
she
is
a
________________________________________
person.
determined，selfless
and
hard-working
二、细读文章并完成下面的表格
Time
Events
at
five
years
old
Lin
Qiaozhi
was
deeply
1.____________
by
her
mother’s
death.
at
age
18
She
chose
to
study
2.____________.
at
age
26
Lin
3._____________
from
Peking
Union
Medical
College.She
became
the
first
woman
ever
4._____________
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.Within
six
months,
she
was
named
a
5._________
resident
physician.
after
working
for
a
few
years
She
6.___________
to
study
in
Europe.
affected
medicine
graduated
to
be
hired
chief
was
sent
Time
Events
in
1939
Dr
Lin
7.____________
to
stay
in
America.
in
1941
Dr
Lin
became
the
first
Chinese
woman
ever
8._________
________
director
of
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
A
few
months
later,
she
opened
a
9._______________.
in
1954
She
was
10.___________
to
the
first
National
People’s
Congress
and,
over
the
next
several
11.___________，she
held
many
important
positions.
on
22
April
1983
Dr
Lin
died.She
12._____________
over
50,000
babies
in
her
lifetime.
rejected
to
be
appointed
private
clinic
elected
decades
delivered
课内要点探究
When
I
have
a
different
opinion,
I
always
respect
the
opinion
of
the
majority.
当我有不同观点时，我总是尊重多数人的观点。
重
点
单
词
1．majority
n．大部分；大多数
The
majority
of
the
students
hold
the
view
that
it’s
convenient
to
go
to
school
by
electric
bike.
大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。
After
all,
those
who
are
against
the
project
are
in
the
majority.
毕竟，反对这个项目的人占多数。
(1)be
in
the/a
majority占多数
a/the
majority
of……的大多数
(2)major
v．主修
adj.主要的
n．主修课程
(3)minor
adj.次要的
(4)minority
n．少数
a/the
minority
of少数的
be
in
the/a
minority占少数
the
majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
“the
majority
of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
“the
majority
of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
单句语法填空
①The
____________(major)
of
the
citizens
in
that
region
have
been
affected
by
the
dust.
②Tom
and
I
have
something
in
common:
we
both
major
______
engineering.
③An
agreement
seems
to
be
impossible
because
the
majority
of
the
committee
members
_______(be)
against
it.
majority
in
are
写出下列句中major的词性及含义
④Briefly
speaking,
smoking
is
one
of
the
major
causes
of
cancer.
__________________
⑤He
majored
in
history
at
Stanford.______________
⑥The
major
part
of
the
town
was
ruined
by
the
horrible
earthquake.
________________
⑦English
is
his
major
and
he
has
no
difficulty
communicating
with
foreigners.______________
形容词，主要的
动词，主修
形容词，大的
名词，专业
单句写作
⑧One-third
of
the
country
is
covered
with
grass
and
____________
_____
(大多数)
the
citizens
live
in
tents.
⑨In
college
I
_____________(主修)
Natural
Science.What
was
your
major?
the
majority
of
majored
in
I’m
going
to
complain
to
the
manager
about
this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
We
should
strictly
follow
traffic
rules
rather
than
complain
about
traffic
jams.
我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
Betty
complained
to
Steve
that
Sara
never
gave
her
a
chance
to
talk
at
yesterday’s
meeting.
贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。
2．complain
vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚
(1)complain
about...抱怨……
complain
(to
sb.)
that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain
to
sb.about
sth.向某人抱怨某事
(2)complaint
n．抱怨
make
a
complaint
to
sb.about
sth.向某人抱怨某事
a
flood
of
complaints大量的投诉
complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。
I
explained
the
situation
to
my
bank
manager.
我向我的银行经理说明了情况。
单句语法填空
①Mothers
often
complain
______
their
children
_________
wrestling
on
the
bed.
②He
will
complain
_________
having
to
do
so
much
paperwork.
③Why
don’t
you
make
a
_____________(complain)
against
your
noisy
neighbors?
to
about
about
complaint
单句写作
④She
______________________(向我抱怨说)
no
one
could
tell
her
the
feature
of
the
house.
⑤We
should
think
how
to
deal
with
the
problems
instead
of
_________
_______________________(抱怨别人的错误)．
一句多译
⑥他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。
He
is
always
________________________
the
stressful
life.
He
is
always
_____________________________
the
stressful
plained
to
me
that
complaining
about
others’
mistakes
complaining
to
me
about
making
a
complaint
to
me
about
She
responded
to
my
letter
with
a
phone
call.
她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。
When
asked
about
the
company’s
future,
the
director
responded
that
he
remained
optimistic.
当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。
3．respond
vt.回答；回复
vt.做出反应；回应
(1)respond
to...(with
sth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应
respond
that...回答说……
(2)response
n．反应；回答；回复
in
response
to作为对……的答复/反应
make
a
response(to)(对……)做出回应/反应
respond,
answer,
reply
respond
为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词
answer
为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词
reply
为不及物动词，与answer
用法基本相同，但稍正式一些
I
asked
him
his
name,
but
he
didn’t
respond.
我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。
He
answered
that
he
did
go
there
last
night.
他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。
It’s
your
turn
now
to
reply
to
these
charges.
现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。
单句语法填空
①(2020·河北邢台期末)Devices(设备)
that
can
recognize
and
respond
______
a
human
voice
have
been
developed.
②(2018·北京改编)Not
everyone
acts
the
same
in
response
______
events,
and
that
is
why
what
triggers(引起)
one
person
may
or
may
not
trigger
another.
③If
you
do
not
understand
the
question
asked
at
a
security
checkpoint(安检员),
ask
the
person
to
repeat
his
question
until
you
are
able
to
respond
________
an
accurate
answer.
to
to
with
一句多译
卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃他的饭。
④Carl
didn’t
_____________
my
question,
and
carried
on
with
his
meal.(respond)
⑤Carl
________________________
my
question,
and
carried
on
with
his
meal.(response)
respond
to
made/gave
no
response
to
完成句子
⑥His
illness
didn’t
_____________
treatment
by
drugs.
他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
⑦My
mother
opened
the
door
________________
the
knock,
but
there
was
no
one
outside.
听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。
respond
to
in
response
to
The
Christian
Church
rejected
his
theory,
saying
it
was
against
God’s
idea
and
people
who
supported
it
would
be
attacked.
基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的想法，谁支持这一理论就将受到攻击。
4．reject
vt.拒绝接受；不录用
(1)reject
one’s
idea/suggestion/plan拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划
reject
an
argument/a
decision/an
offer拒绝接受一个论点/一个决定/一项提议
(2)rejection
n．拒绝接受；否决
a
rejection
letter一封回绝信
reject与refuse
reject
vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”。
refuse
vi.&
vt.普通用词，“拒绝”。
refuse
sb.sth.拒绝某人某事
refuse
to
do
sth.拒绝做某事
单句语法填空
①He
_______________(reject)
by
the
army
because
of
his
poor
eyesight
last
year.
②Although
writing
a
_____________(reject)
letter
can
be
difficult,
there
are
situations
where
it’s
absolutely
necessary.
was
rejected
rejection
选词填空(reject/refuse)
③He
loves
his
daughter
so
much
that
he
can
__________
her
nothing.
④I’ve
been
____________
by
all
the
companies
I
applied
to.
⑤I
absolutely
__________
to
take
part
in
anything
that’s
illegal.
⑥When
she
was
sent
to
a
boarding
school,
she
felt
____________
by
her
parents.
refuse
rejected
refuse
rejected
She
was
appointed(as/to
be)
monitor
at
the
class
meeting.
在班会上她被任命为班长。
She
has
recently
been
appointed
to
the
committee.
她最近被任命为委员会的委员。
They
appointed
her
to
take
care
of
that
old
man.
他们派她去照顾那位老人。
5．appoint
vt.任命；委派
(1)appoint
sb.(as/to
be)＋职位 某人担任……职位
appoint
sb.to
do
sth.委派某人做某事
(2)appointment
n．任命；委派；约定
make/have
an
appointment
with
sb.与某人有约
keep/break
an
appointment守约/违约
(3)appointed
adj.约定的；指定的
单句语法填空
①Salmon,
disabled,
is
attended
throughout
her
school
days
by
a
nurse
_____________(appoint)
to
guard
her.
②I
hate
to
rush
you,
but
I
have
another
_______________(appoint)．
③To
his
joy,
he
________________(appoint)
as
manager.
After
all,
this
represented
his
ability.And
the
moment
he
received
the
_______________
(appoint)
letter,
he
called
and
made
an
_______________(appoint)
with
his
former
teacher,
for
whose
help
he
was
grateful.
appointed
appointment
was
appointed
appointment
appointment
单句写作
④在任何情况下我们都不能失约。
In
no
case
should
we
fail
to
_____________________.
⑤这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。
The
agricultural
expert
can
only
be
visited
_________________.
keep
an
appointment
by
appointment
She
elected
an
art
course
because
she
was
interested
in
art.
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了一门艺术课。
Like
men,
women
have
the
right
to
elect
and
to
be
elected.
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
6．elect
vt.选举；推选
elect
to
do
sth.决定做某事
elect
sb.as选举某人当……
election
n．选举；推选；当选
We
wonder
who
will
win
the
next
election.
我们都想知道下届选举谁会获胜。
单句语法填空
①Congratulations!
I
heard
you
have
been
___________(elect)
as
chairman.
②An
increasing
number
of
people
elect
__________(work)
at
home.
③The
year
1789
saw
the
first
____________(elect)
in
American
history
where
a
majority
of
people
___________(elect)
George
Washington
______
the
first
president.
elected
to
work
election
elected
as
单句写作
④Who
do
you
think
will
______________________(在下次选举中获胜)?
⑤Faced
with
their
failure
in
______________________________(第一轮选举)
the
party
didn’t
lose
heart.
win
the
next
election
the
first
round
of
the
election
I
tend
to
go
to
bed
late
and
get
up
early
in
summer.
夏天我往往睡得晚，起得早。
She
spends
her
spare
time
tending
her
old
mother.
她的业余时间都花在照顾她年迈的母亲上。
7．tend
vt.照顾；照料
vi.倾向；趋于
tend
to
do
sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend
to/towards
sth.趋向，倾向
tend
(to)
sb./sth.(＝look
after
sb./sth.)照顾/护理……
tendency
n．倾向，趋势
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.有做某事的倾向
单句语法填空
①Typically,
people
tend
__________(make)
mistakes
when
tired.
②The
nurses
were
tending
______
those
injured
by
firecracker.
③I
have
a
tendency
__________(talk)
too
much
when
nervous.
④The
modern
furniture
designs
tend
___________
simplicity.
to
make
to
to
talk
towards
完成句子
⑤The
sort
of
music
he
listens
to
varies,
but
________________
popular
music.
他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。
⑥She
___________
get
angry
when
people
oppose
to
her
plan.
别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。
⑦The
nurse
skillfully
__________
their
wounds.
那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。
tends
towards
tends
to
tended
Most
people
retire
at
60.
大多数人在60岁时退休。
She
was
forced
to
retire
early
from
teaching
because
of
ill
health.
由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。
After
lunch,
he
retired
to
his
study.
午饭后他去了书房。
8．retire
vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)
(1)retire
from...从……退休(役)/退出
(2)retired
adj.已退职的；已退休的
(3)retirement
n．退休；退职
单句语法填空
①After
he
___________(retire)
from
office,
Tom
took
up
painting
for
a
while,
but
soon
lost
interest.
②When
the
world-famous
tennis
player
announced
her
______________
(retire),
she
couldn’t
help
crying.
retired
retirement
③He
has
agreed
to
struggle
on,
though
he
hopes
to
retire
________
his
position.
④They
will
hold
a
party
in
celebration
of
her
____________(retire)．
⑤The
other
day
a
___________(retire)
couple
came
to
my
office.
from
retirement
retired
Schools
try
to
teach
children
a
set
of
principles.
学校设法教给孩子们一套道德准则。
They
agreed
to
the
plan
only
in
principle.
他们只是原则上同意那个计划。
9．principle
n．道德原则；法则；原则
in
principle
原则上；理论上
stick
to
one’s
principles坚持原则
be
against
one’s
principles违背某人的原则
as
a
matter
of
principle作为原则问题
单句语法填空
①Despite
the
variety
of
injuries,
several
______________(principle)
of
first
aid
can
apply
to
all
emergencies.
单句写作
②Anyway,
I
can’t
cheat
in
the
exams—it’s
_______________________
(违背我的原则)．
③_______________(原则上),
the
new
software
should
make
the
accounting
system
a
lot
simpler.
④Though
poor,
he
still
_______________________(坚持他的原则)．
principles
against
my
principles
In
principle
sticks
to
his
principles
The
terrible
sounds
scared
the
children.
可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。
He
doesn’t
scare
easily.
他不轻易害怕。
10．scare
vt.惊吓；使害怕
vi.受惊吓
(1)scare
sb.to
death把某人吓得要死
scare
sb.away/off把某人吓跑
scare
sb.into/out
of
(doing)
sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事
It
scares
sb.to
do
sth.使某人害怕去做某事
(2)scared
adj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened)
be
scared
of...害怕/担心……
be
scared
to
death吓得要死
be
scared
of
doing
sth./to
do
sth.害怕做某事
be
scared
that...害怕
(3)scary
adj.恐怖的；吓人的
We
were
scared
to
death
when
the
fire
broke
out.Fortunately,
it
was
put
out
before
it
caused
much
damage.
突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。
She
was
scared
to
go
into
the
yard
because
she
was
scared
of
being
bitten
by
the
big
dog
lying
at
the
gate.
她害怕去院子里，因为她害怕被卧在门口的那只大狗咬到。
She
didn’t
like
riding
because
she
was
scared
that
the
horse
might
kick
her.
她不喜欢骑马因为她害怕马会踢她。
单句语法填空
①When
we
are
getting
excited,
angry
or
__________(scare),
our
bodies
also
go
through
many
physical
changes.
②The
turkey
was
scared
___________
at
the
sight
of
us.
③I
really
thought
I
was
going
to
fall—it
was
a
_________(scare)
moment.
④The
atmosphere
was
_________
and
we
felt
__________
staying
in
the
room.(scare)
scared
away/off
scary
scary
scared
单句写作
⑤Many
customers
have
been
____________________(被吓得买)
organic
food.
⑥The
local
farmers
used
to
light
a
fire
__________________(吓跑)
the
wolves.
scared
into
buying
to
scare
away/off
There
was
a
sharp
increase
in
unemployment
in
that
area
last
year.
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。
I
suddenly
felt
a
sharp
pain
in
my
chest
while
I
was
at
work.
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。
11．sharp
adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；鲜明的；敏锐的；(语言)尖刻的；剧烈的；急转的 adv.(用于时间后表示准时)整
There
was
a
sharp
increase
in
unemployment
in
that
area
last
year.
去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。
I
suddenly
felt
a
sharp
pain
in
my
chest
while
I
was
at
work.
工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。
There
are
birds,
like
the
mountain
eagles,
which
eat
meat
with
their
strong
sharp
beaks.
有些像山鹰一样的鸟，用它们强有力的尖喙吃肉。
We
heard
a
voice
sing
out
in
a
clear,
sharp
tone.
我们听到了一阵清脆嘹亮的歌声。
He
is
a
journalist
with
an
extremely
sharp
mind.
他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。
Be
careful
with
the
sharp
bend
in
the
road.
小心路上的急转弯。
She
planned
to
unlock
the
shop
at
8：00
sharp
this
morning.
她计划今早8点整打开店门。
sharply
adv.猛烈地；急剧地
sharpen
vt.&
vi.(使)变得锋利
sharpener
n．磨具，削具
写出下列句中sharp的含义
①Unfortunately,
I
cut
my
foot
a
sharp
stone
and
caught
my
hair
on
a
branch.________
②As
we
all
know,
an
eagle
has
sharp
eyesight.__________
③When
we
got
to
the
church
it
was
seven
o’clock
sharp.______
④All
the
footmarks
are
quite
sharp
and
clear.__________
⑤Suddenly,
he
felt
a
sharp
pain
in
the
stomach.__________
⑥He
fainted
when
riding
to
work.The
bike
made
a
sharp
turn
to
the
left.
__________
尖的
敏锐的
整
清晰的
剧烈的
急转的
单句语法填空
⑦The
price
of
petrol
has
risen
___________(sharp)
since
last
month.
⑧The
pencil
doesn’t
write
well；I
should
___________(sharp)
it
before
I
draw
the
great
figure.
⑨He
was
sharp
________
his
colleagues
when
they
were
late.
sharply
sharpen
with
He
has
replaced
Mr
Brown
as
president.
他取代布朗先生当了董事长。
He
will
replace
the
broken
window
with
a
new
one.
他要用新窗户更换破了的窗户。
12．replace
vt.接替；取代；更换
(1)replace...with/by...用……代替……
replace
sb.as...取代某人而成为……
(2)replacement
n．替换；更换；接替者
a
replacement
for...……的替代品/替补
(3)“代替”的表达法：
replace，in
place
of，take
the
place
of，in
one’s
place，take
one’s
place，instead
of
单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏南京期中)The
house
which
I
grew
up
in
has
been
taken
down
and
replaced
__________
an
office
building
whose
walls
are
yellow.
②(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨期中)Remind
yourself
that
although
they
are
not
________________(replace)
for
sleep,
rest
and
relaxation
still
help
refresh(使恢复精力)
your
body.
③It
is
still
under
discussion
whether
the
old
bus
station
should
______________(replace)
with
a
modern
hotel
not.
with/by
replacements
be
replaced
一句多译
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
④Our
monitor
will
_______________________________________
to
attend
the
meeting.(take
the
place
of/replace)
⑤Our
monitor
will
attend
the
meeting
___________________________.
(in
place
of)
⑥Our
monitor
will
______________________________
to
attend
the
meeting.(take
one’s
place)
take
the
place
of/replace
our
head
teacher
in
place
of
our
head
teacher
take
our
head
teacher’s
place
All
the
students
in
her
class
are
eager
to
learn.
她班上的学生都渴望学习。
Our
company
is
eager
to
expand
into
new
markets.
我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。
重
点
短
语
1．be
eager
to
do
sth.渴望做某事
(1)be
eager
for
sth.渴求某事物
be
eager
in热衷于
(2)eagerly
adv.急切地；渴望地；热心地
look
at
sb.eagerly急切地看着某人
(3)eagerness
n．渴望；热心
with
eagerness急切地
单句语法填空
①Faced
with
the
good
chance,
they
are
eager
__________(take)
advantage
of
it.
②They
were
crowded
in
the
church,
eager
_______
any
news.
③She
is
eager
___________(dress)
up
for
the
ceremony.
④His
_____________(eager)
to
find
a
job
is
clear
to
everyone.
to
take
for
to
dress
eagerness
⑤The
children
___________(eager)
learn
something
new
from
the
teacher
every
day.
⑥The
little
girl,
who
is
helped
by
the
Project
Hope,
is
eager
_______
knowledge
and
eager
__________(make)
progress,
so
she
is
eager
______
her
study
and
is
always
praised
by
her
teachers.
eagerly
for
to
make
in
We
are
faced
with
a
serious
problem.
我们面临着一个严重的问题。
She
was
faced
with
a
new
job,
in
unfamiliar
surroundings
with
strange
people.
她面对着一份全新工作，周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
2．be
faced
with面临；面对
in
the
face
of
sth.面对(问题、困难等)
face
to
face面对面地
lose
face丢脸，失面子
save
face保全面子
make
faces/a
face做鬼脸
face
the
music勇于承担后果；接受惩罚
face
the
sea面朝大海
face
north/east朝北/朝东
look
in
the
face正视(某人)
Let’s
face
it！面对现实吧！
be
faced
with不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过去分词短语faced
with。现在分词facing作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后直接跟宾语，不与介词with连用。
单句语法填空
①To
his
joy,
the
problem
he
was
faced
_______
was
not
so
challenging.
②_________(face)
with
these
pressures,
you
can
watch
a
comedy
to
relax.
解析：可根据face后有无with判断face是否用-ed形式。
③__________(face)
a
range
of
choices,
he
was
at
a
loss.
④They
didn’t
give
up
______
the
face
of
difficulties.
⑤Ever
since
then
I’ve
been
longing
to
meet
him
face
______
face.
with
Faced
Facing
in
to
单句写作
⑥Talking
with
friends
______________(面对面地)
is
a
good
way
to
reduce
the
pressure
from
work
and
life.
⑦When
_____________(面对)
the
unexpected
accident,
he
kept
calm
and
saved
his
son
from
the
burning
building.
⑧Dressed
up
in
his
best
clothes,
the
boy
______________________(做鬼脸)
at
the
customers.
face
to
face
faced
with
made
a
face/made
faces
一句多译
⑨面对这一重大变化，大家都深受鼓舞。
______________________________
the
significant
change,
everyone
felt
greatly
encouraged.
In
the
face
of/Faced
with/Facing
He
was
the
only
person
who
could
carry
the
country
through.
他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。
It’s
a
difficult
job
but
she’s
the
person
to
carry
it
through.
这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。
3．carry
sb.through
sth.帮助某人渡过难关
carry
sth.through成功完成，顺利完成
carry
out实施；履行；执行
carry
on继续移动
carry
on
sth.从事某事
carry
on
doing
sth.继续做某事
carry
on
with
sth.(carry
sth.on)继续做某事
carry
away运走
carry
off赢得；获得；成功对付
carry
weight有影响力；重要；有分量
单句语法填空
①His
determination
carried
him
___________
the
hard
time.
②I’d
be
grateful
if
you
let
me
carry
on
________
my
job.
③Carry
______
until
you
get
to
the
crossing,
and
you
will
see
a
shop
where
you
can
buy
envelopes.
④If
you
carry
on
____________(spend)
money
like
that,
you
will
end
up
in
debt.
⑤In
spite
of
the
difficulty,
I
will
carry
_______
my
plan.
through
with
on
spending
out
单句写作
⑥It’s
a
difficult
job
but
she’s
the
person
to
__________________(顺利完成)．
carry
it
through
Now
I
can
walk
to
work
instead
of
going
by
car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
If
you
cannot
go,
he’ll
go
instead
of
you.
如果你不能去，他将替你去。
4．instead
of而不是；代替
instead，instead
of
instead
为副词，意为“(不是……)而是/反而……”，可单独使用，置于句首或句末；
instead
of
意为“代替；而不是”，后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
Instead
of
going
to
the
cinema,
he
went
shopping.
他没有去看电影，而是去买东西了。
She
never
studies.Instead,
she
plays
all
day.
她从来不学习。相反，她成天玩。
单句语法填空
①I’ll
attend
the
meeting
instead
______
him.
②He
worried
that
instead
______
making
money，he
would
end
up
owning
it.
of
of
I
felt
lonely
and
was
in
need
of
someone
for
companionship.
我觉得孤独，需要有人做伴。
Many
of
the
buildings
are
in
need
of
repair.
许多建筑需要整修。
5．in
need
of需要……
in
need缺(食物或钱)；在危难中；急需
There’s
no
need
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.(某人)不必做某事
meet/answer/satisfy/fill
a
need满足需要
单句语法填空
①The
minister
said
that
their
church
was
badly
______
need
of
repairs.
完成句子
②______________________________
if
you
don’t
want
to.
如果你不想来，就不必来了。
③A
friend
__________
is
a
friend
indeed.
患难之交才是真正的朋友。
④The
doctor
told
me
I
was
____________
a
good
rest.
医生对我说，我需要好好休息。
in
There’s
no
need
for
you
to
come
in
need
in
need
of
She
moved
back
home
to
care
for
her
elderly
parents.
她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。
I
don’t
care
for
her
at
all.
我一点也不喜欢她。
6．care
for照看；照料；喜欢
(1)care
about关心；在乎
(2)take
care小心；注意
(3)take
care
of照顾；照料
单句语法填空
①He
cares
_______
playing
chess.
②My
dear
father，you
brought
me
into
this
world，cared
_______
me
and
loved
me.
③You
shouldn’t
care
too
much
_________
your
test
score.
for
for
about
Mike
is
responsible
for
designing
the
entire
project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
Cigarette
smoking
is
responsible
for
about
90%
of
deaths
from
lung
cancer.
因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。
7．be
responsible
for对……负责；作为原因，成为起因
responsibility
n．责任；负责
a
strong
sense
of
responsibility很强的责任感
have
responsibility
for负责
take
responsibility
for对……负责
It’s
sb’s
responsibility
to
do
sth.干某事是某人的职责。
单句语法填空
①Who
is
responsible
_______
the
traffic
accident
that
happened
yesterday?
②Human
activity
is
not
responsible
_______
all
water
shortages.
for
for
完成句子
③We
need
to
_________________________
looking
after
our
own
health.
我们必须对自己的健康负责。
④Each
manager
________________________
just
under
600
properties.
每位经理负责近600处房产。
take
responsibility
for
has
responsibility
for
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，主语是nothing，is是系动词，precious是表语。
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义
该结构的具体用法如下：
①构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级，有时其后加than
②常用的否定词：nothing，no，not，never，nobody
③含义：没有比……更……，再……不过了
重
点
句
型
1．To
a
person
nothing
is
more
precious
than
their
life...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……
—What
do
you
think
of
the
film
last
night?
——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
—It
couldn’t
be
worse.
——没有比它更糟糕的了。
Nothing
is
more
precious
than
time.
没有什么比时间更宝贵。
In
my
opinion,
no
experience
is
more
valuable
than
the
experience
gained
from
one’s
own
sweat.
在我看来，没有什么经验比自己通过艰苦努力得来的经验更宝贵。
他比他们班上其他任何同学都要高。
He
is
taller
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
He
is
taller
than
anyone
else
in
his
class.
He
is
taller
than
all
the
other
students
in
his
class.
No
one
in
his
class
is
taller
than
he.
上面的other，others，else是学习中很容易忽略的地方，稍不注意就容易出错。
有一个原则是必须遵守的，即同一范围内的比较，比较的对象不能相互包含，需要排除主语本身。
He
is
cleverer
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
他比他班里任何别的学生都聪明。(如果没有other，句子就错了，因为“他”也是班里学生中的一员)
单句语法填空
①—How
is
your
new
babysitter?
—We
couldn’t
find
a
__________(good)
one.All
our
kids
love
her
so
much.
②(四川高考单项填空改编)—How
was
your
recent
trip
to
Sichuan.
—I’ve
never
had
a
________________(pleasant)
one
before.
③As
we
know,
Tokyo
is
__________(large)
than
any
other
________
(city)
in
Japan.
better
more
pleasant
larger
city
翻译句子
④(2020·广东深圳期中)How
nice
the
music
sounds!
I
have
never
heard
a
better
piece.
____________________________________________________
⑤Nothing
gives
me
more
pleasure
than
listening
to
Mozart.
____________________________________________
这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。
再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。
句型转换
He
is
the
most
helpful
student
in
his
class.
⑥You
can’t
find
________________
student
in
his
class.
⑦He
is
more
helpful
than
____________
student
in
his
class.
⑧He
is
more
helpful
than
_______________
students
in
his
class.
a
more
helpful
any
other
all
the
other
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She
responded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。
(2)would
rather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。
I
said
I
couldn’t
stand
it
one
minute
longer.I
would
rather
be
in
prison!
我说了我一分钟也忍受不了了，我宁愿待在监狱里！
2．She
responded，“I’d
rather
stay
single
to
study
all
my
life！”
她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”
(1)would
rather
do...than
do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
＝would
do...rather
than
do...
prefer
to
do...rather
than
do...
(2)would
rather
(not)
do/have
done...宁愿(不)做……
(3)would
rather＋从句
I’d
rather
not
go
climbing
this
weekend.Also,
I’d
rather
you
stayed
home
and
read
novels
with
me.
这周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想让你和我一起待在家中看小说。
would
rather后接从句时，若表示与现在或将来情况相反，从句用一般过去时；若表示与过去情况相反，从句用过去完成时。
单句语法填空
①She
would
rather
________(move)
to
another
city
immediately.
②Jane
would
rather
____________(be)
more
careful
at
that
time.
③I’d
rather
you
_______(meet)
her
at
the
airport
tomorrow
morning.
④He
complained
that
he’d
rather
he
___________(be)
more
strict
with
us
then.
⑤Tom
would
rather
live
an
independent
life
________
rely
on
his
parents.
move
have
been
met
had
been
than
单句写作
⑥I
would
walk
the
dog
after
supper
______________(而不是)
at
home.
⑦______________(而不是)
take
a
bus
to
school,
I
prefer
to
go
on
foot.
句型转换
⑧I’d
rather
have
a
try
than
wait
doing
nothing.
→I
_________
have
a
try
rather
than
wait
doing
nothing.
⑨I
would
rather
have
hired
him
as
my
secretary
last
year.
→I
would
rather
I
____________
him
as
my
secretary
last
year.
rather
than
Rather
than
would
had
hired
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，the
first
woman是表语，不定式to
be
hired作后置定语，修饰woman。
Li
Ming
is
often
the
first
student
to
arrive
at
school
in
the
morning.
李明经常是早晨第一个到校的学生。
3．She
immediately
became
the
first
woman
ever
to
be
hired
as
a
resident
physician
in
the
OB-GYN
department
of
the
PUMC
Hospital.
她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。
(2)不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；
④被修饰词前有the
only，the
very，the
next等词对其进行修饰时；
⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；
⑥there
be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
The
next
train
to
arrive
is
from
Beijing.
下一趟到达的火车来自北京。
Get
him
something
to
eat.
给他拿点东西吃。
I
have
no
courage
to
try
again
after
failure.
失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。
She
is
the
only
woman
to
have
been
elected
to
such
a
post.
她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。
There
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
没什么可担心的。
单句语法填空
①Xu
Haifeng
is
the
first
Chinese
athlete
_________(get)
Olympic
gold
medal.
②She
was
the
first
girl
in
our
school
________________(admit)
to
Tsinghua
University.
一句多译
她总是第一个回答问题。
③She
is
always
the
first
_____________________.(用不定式作定语)
④She
is
always
the
first
_______________________.(定语从句)
to
get
to
be
admitted
to
answer
questions
who
answers
questions
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，was
seen是谓语，riding
a
donkey是动词-ing形式作主语补足语。
4．At
times
she
was
even
seen
riding
a
donkey
to
faraway
villages
to
provide
medical
care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
He
was
seen
to
work
in
the
garden
yesterday.
昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。
I
heard
someone
opening
the
cabinet.
我听见有人在开柜子。
She
is
watching
the
computer
being
repaired.
她在看别人修电脑。
We
felt
the
ground
under
our
feet
cave
in.
我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。
单句语法填空
①I
looked
up
and
saw
a
beautiful
bird
____________(stand)
on
a
branch.
②The
manager
was
satisfied
to
see
many
pots
of
good
quality
________
(make)
after
great
effort.
③His
colleague
was
seen
____________(enter)
the
building
at
that
moment.
④I
saw
the
old
man
_____________(disappear)
in
the
distance.
⑤The
old
man
was
seen
_______________(disappear)
in
the
distance.
standing
made
entering
disappear
to
disappear
⑥The
children
noticed
the
thief
_________(take)
away
by
a
group
of
policemen.
⑦(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷语法填空)And
when
he
saw
the
mists
rising
from
the
river
and
the
soft
clouds
_______________(surround)
the
mountain
tops,
he
was
reduced
to
tears.
⑧(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)They
make
great
gifts
and
you
see
them
many
times
_____________(decorate)
with
red
envelopes
and
messages
of
good
fortune.
taken
surrounding
decorated
单句写作
⑨______________________(看见太阳升起)
above
the
surface
of
the
sea,
we
let
out
a
shout
of
joy.
⑩When
he
________________________(看见所有的文件散落)
here
and
there
on
the
floor,
he
began
to
get
angry.
Seeing
the
sun
rising
saw
all
his
papers
lying
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是she
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。having
delivered...是动词-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。
(2)动词-ing
形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性的后置定语。
5．Though
Lin
Qiaozhi
never
married，she
was
known
as
the
“mother
of
ten
thousand
babies”，having
delivered
over
50,000
babies
in
her
lifetime.
虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。
This
question,
having
been
discussed
for
more
than
2
years,
has
now
been
solved.
讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)
I
was
unable
to
accept
your
invitation,
having
promised
to
accompany
my
mother
to
the
concert.
我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)
Having
finished
the
letter,
he
folded
it
and
put
it
into
the
envelope.
写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)
单句语法填空
①______________(see)
the
film
twice，I
decided
to
stay
at
home.
②__________________
(answer)
the
teacher’s
questions，she
sat
down
and
felt
much
more
relaxed.
Having
seen
Having
answered
