2021年高考二轮复习英语句法知识查漏补缺增分练27
特殊句式之省略句2(动词不定式的省略)
1.-Aren’t you the section chief here?
-No. and I .
A.don’t want to be B.don’t want to
C.don’t want be D.don’t want
2.Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he won’t tell anyone even though ______.
A.asked to keep B.to be asked C.to ask D.asked to
3.—It’s really a pity that you didn’t go to see Frozen II last night.
—I ________, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.
A.would like to B.ought to C.would have D.may have
4.Nurseries are the areas where plants are grown to be sold or ______ in other places.
A.being planted B.to plant C.plant D.planted
5.Please don’t stand up in class until you ______.
A.were told to B.are told
C.are told to D.were told
6.—Have you watered the flowers?
—No,but ________.
A.I am B.I’m going
C.I’m just going to D.I will go
7.—Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spring?
—No,they finally decided ________.
A.not to leave B.not leaving
C.not to D.not to be leaving
8._____ on smart phone to entertain themselves ______________ know what to do while going out without it.
A.Such does the dependence; as not to B.Such dependence does; to not
C.So dependent are they; as not to D.So do they depend; not to
9.The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent.
A.find B.finding
C.to find D.found
10.Tom told the news to everybody in the classroom. Why didn’t you tell him _______?
A.not to be done B.not do it
C.not to D.do not to
11.—Why didn’t you turn up at the opening ceremony? I was waiting for you all the time.
—I . But I had some urgent business to deal with then.
A.would like to B.would like to have
C.would like to be D.would like to have attended
12.The driver stopped the car a cat across the street.
A.to let; to walk B.letting; walk
C.letting; walking D.to let; walk
13.—What’s your dream?
—Well, my parents wouldn’t expect me to be a banker, but I still .
A.hope to B.hope so C.hope not D.hope for
14.Are you chairman? --- No, and I _________.
A.don’t want to B.don’t want
C.don’t want to be D.don’t want be
15.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_____.
A.not to do B.not to C.not did it D.don’t do it
16.I can’t imagine what air we would be breathing in if we __________ anything to stop air pollution.
A.hadn’t done B.didn’t do
C.haven’t done D.don’t do
17.—Mr. Scott has received the invitation to his ex-girlfriend’s wedding ceremony this weekend. Will he attend it?
—No, he has finally decided _____.
A.not B.not to
C.not to go D.not to go to
18. —Hi, are you a student of this University?
—No, but I ________.
A.want to B.want to be
C.want so D.want it
19.It is believed that life in the twenty-?first century is much easier than ________ .
A.that used to be B.it is used to
C.it was used to D.it used to be
20.Johnny wanted to ride his new bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A.not to B.not do it C.not to do D.do not
21. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ______.
A.not to do B.not do C.not to D.do not
22.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________.
A.not to do B.not to
C.not do D.do not
23.— Would you please join us in this computer game?
— Thank you, but I’d rather________.
A.not to B.not join C.not do D.not
24.He is taller than he .
A.used B.used to be C.used to D.used to do
25.-You seem to know little about Yancheng Middle School. Aren’t you a teacher here?
-No, but I ________.
A.hope to B.hope that C.hope it D.hope to be
26.---Are you a teacher?
---No, but I ________.
A.used to B.was used to
C.used to be D.used to do
27.We were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless ________.
A.allowed to do B.allowing to do C.allowed to D.allowing to
28.----Will you go home tomorrow evening?
----No, I’m going to a lecture, or at least I’ m planning _________.
A.to B.so C.that D.it
29.— Who are you going to have _______ this letter for you? — My secretary.
A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing
30.I’m sorry if I hurt your feelings. I didn’t _______.
A.expect to B.mean to C.do that D.hope so
31.– What’s the matter with Della?
– Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still _________.
A.hopes to B.hopes so
C.hopes not D.hopes for
答案与解析
1.A
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:——你不是这里的主编吗?——不,而且我也不想当主编。动词不定式的省略通常只保留不定式符号to;但是当不定式为to be或者to have done 时,省略时的形式为to be或者to have。故选A。
2.D
【详解】
考查省略和过去分词。句意:丹尼尔答应保守这个秘密,所以即使问他也不会告诉任何人。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句,从句主语和主句主语都是he,和ask之间是被动关系,相同的主语和be动词可以省略,所以这里是过去分词作状语,且ask sb. to do sth.可以省略与前面相同的部分,只留下动词不定式符号to。故选D。
【点睛】
状语从句主谓成分的省略,须遵循下面原则:
(一)当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句可以省略主语,从句的谓语动词采用其V-ing结构。例如:
Although working very hard, he failed in the final exam. (Although he worked very hard,…)
(二)当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,若从句的谓语动词是系动词be或包含be的某种形式,此时从句的主语和be动词通常可以一同省略。常见于以下几种形式:
1、连词+形容词
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
2、连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
3、连词+现在分词
While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
4连词+过去分词
If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think.
5连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。
6、连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
3.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和省略。句意:——真遗憾你昨晚没去看《冰雪奇缘2》。——我本来可以去的,但是我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备。A. would like to想要,愿意;B. ought to应该;C. would have本来可以;D. may have可能。根据下文“我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备”可知,我没有去看,空格处是省略句式,表示“(如果可以)我本来可以去”,与过去事实相反,谓语动词用would have gone...,承前省略gone...,故选C。
4.D
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:苗圃是种植植物以供出售或种植在其他地方的地方。本空与上文to be sold or构成并列非谓语结构,省略相同部分to be,省下planted,故选D。
5.C
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:直到有人叫你站起来,你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。
【点睛】
to代替不定式
在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式,常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try,tell等动词连用。
注意:如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been,一般要保留be, have或have been。
本句还原为:Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为:Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。
6.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词不定式的省略。句意:——你浇花了吗?——没有,但是我打算去浇的。be going to do sth.将要做某事;此处是动词不定式的省略,只留下动词不定式的to。故选C。
7.C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词不定式的省略。句意:——史密斯一家今年春天动身去澳大利亚吗?——不,他们最后决定不去。decide to do sth.决定做某事;此处是动词不定式的省略,只留下to。故选C。
8.C
【解析】
考查部分倒装和非谓语动词。句意:他们是如此依赖智能手机自娱自乐,以致于不知道外出时没有它该怎么办。so+形容词+as to do sth.如此---以致于---,动词不定式做结果状语,相当于so---that引导的结果状语从句;so+形容词/副词,位于句首时,句子用部分倒装,根据句意可知答案为C。
【名师点睛】
“结果状语从句对应的so/such位于句首引起的倒装句”的基本用法
当“so/such ... that ...”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。例如: So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。(so与作表语的形容词放于句首, 主句呈现全部倒装的形式) // So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快, 以至于远远领先于其他人。(so与修饰谓语run的副词fast放于句首, 主句呈现部分倒装的形式) // To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度, 以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。(to such放于句首, 主句呈现部分倒装的形式)
9.A
【解析】
考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:老板让Tim去弄清楚是否还有其他人缺席,and前后并列,前面是动词不定式to go,此处要省略动词不定式to,故此处用动词不定式find。故选A。
10.C
【解析】
考查省略。汤姆把这个消息告诉了教室里的每个人。你为什么不告诉他呢?英语中喜欢省略,使句子显得好看简洁,这里的原句是Why didn't you tell him not to tell everybody.这里省略了 tell everybody,故选C。
11.B
【解析】
考查完成时的省略。句意:——你为什么没有在开幕式上露面?我一直在等你。——我本来想去的,但是我有急事要处理。完整的句式是would like to have turned up at the opening ceremony.因为上文已有了turned up at the opening ceremony.故可省略。I would like to have done…本来想做某事而没做,可省略为 would like to have。would like to(turn up)现在想去。故选B。
【名师点睛】不定式符号后面动词的省略
为了避免重复,我们常常把作宾语、宾补和谓语动词的一部分的不定式省略,只保留动词不定式的符号to。
1. 为了避免重复,在hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer, want, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其它部分省略。如:
Mary lied to us because she had to (lied to us).
2. 当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。如:
She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to (come).
3. 在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式to be...或完成式to have done时,则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。如:
1)-Aren’t you the headmaster? 你难道不是校长吗?
-No, and I don’t want to be.我不是,而且我也不想当。
2)-Hasn’t he finished writing the report?难道他还没写完报告吗?
-No, but he ought to have.是的,但他本来应该写完。
3)—Why didn’t attend the party?为什么没去参加派对?
—I would like to have, but I was very busy.我本来想去的,但我非常忙。
12.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:司机停下车为了让一只猫走过马路。第一空填to let是不定式做目的状语,第二空填walk,因为let后面接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语,所以选D。
考点:考查非谓语动词
13.A
【解析】
考查省略句。句意:—你的梦想是什么?—哦,我父母不想让我成为银行家,但我仍然希望(成为银行家)。此部分表达完整为:but I still hope to be a banker。省略时可将其相同的部分be a banker省去,但to不可省略。故答案为A项。
14.C
【解析】
试题分析:C考查固定用法。如果要省去的不定式中的动词是be时,则通常保留be。Want to do sth想要做某事;want to be想要成为;句意:你是主席吗?——不,我也不想成为主席。这里省略了chairman一词,故答案为C选项。
考点:考查固定用法
15.B
【解析】
试题分析:考查不定式的用法。在不定式省略的时候,通常只保留不定式的符合to,而把后面的其它成分都省略掉。但是当不定式符号后面有be或者have的时候,be与have要保留。句意:那个男孩想在街上骑自行车,但是他的妈妈告诉他不要这样做,故B正确,
考点:考查不定式的用法
16.B
【解析】
试题分析:根据语境“我无法想象如果我们不采取措施阻止空气污染,我们将呼吸什么样的空气”可知该处是对将来情况的虚拟,if条件句要用一般过去时,故选B。
考点:考查虚拟语气
17.B
【解析】
试题分析:B考察动词搭配。问:Mr. Scott这周末收到了他前女友婚礼的邀请函,他会去参加吗?答:不,他最终决定不去了。decide to do,否定用法:decide not to do。答句中的go可以省略,如果不省,要用decide not to go to the…,但是这样会与上文重复,显得累赘,就直接用decide not to,故选B。
考点:考察动词搭配。
18.B
【解析】
试题分析:B考察动词。问:嗨,你是这个大学的学生吗?
答:不是,但是我想成为。want to be a student of this University意思是我想成为这个大学的学生,但为了避免重复,a student of this University可以省去。故选B
考点:考察动词。
19.D
【解析】
试题分析:考查比较部分省略问题。这里比较的是life in the twenty-first century 和life it used to be, 用it来代替之前出现的life,它们指代的都是life, 所以后者可以省略,故选D。句意为:21世纪的生活比过去的生活要便利得多。
考点:考查部分省略问题
20.A
【解析】
试题分析:考查不定式的否定式,tell sb not to do叫某人不要做…,不定式省略需保留不定式符号to,省略后面的动词,句意:Johnny想在街上骑自己的新自行车,但他妈妈叫他不要这么做,故选A
考点:考查不定式的否定式
点评:考查考生对题干的理解和动词不定式用法的掌握情况。不定式的省略是省略上文出现的实意动词,如果是be动词或助动词have就不可以省略。
21.C
【解析】
试题分析:考查省略。首先不难看出ask sb. to do 变被动语态,因此非不定式的选项都是错的;其次省略要省干净,不能留do的尾巴,因此如果A选项后加it也正确。句意:司机想把车停在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。故C正确。
考点:考查省略
22.B
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:司机想把车停靠在路边,但是被警察制止了。ask sb not to do sth “告诉某人不要做某事”,在这种结构中可以省略不定式中的动词,而保留不定式符合to,故选B。
23.D
【解析】
试题分析:考查不定式的省略,句意:--你可以和我们一起玩电脑游戏吗?--谢谢,但我宁愿不玩。Would rather后面接不带to的动词不定式,否定是not do,因为前面的动词出现了,可以省略,I'd rather not=I'd rather not join you…选D。
考点:考查不定式的省略
点评:为避免重复,有时可用不定式符号to来代替整个动词不定式(短语)。但是如果动词是be动词或have,就不能省略。
24.B
【解析】
试题分析:考查不定式的省略,句意:他比过去高。这是省略句,完整的句子是He is taller than he used to be tall。不定式可以省略to后面重复的内容,但是如果在省略的动词不定式结构中含有be, have或have been,通常保留be, have been。选B。
考点:考查不定式的省略
点评:学生在做该题时,极易选择C,原因是为了避免重复已经出现的动词,以不定式to来代替整个不定式结构,而正确的答案是B。如果在省略的动词不定式结构中含有be, have或have been,通常保留be, have been。又如:—Are you o holidays? —你在度假吗?—No, but I’d like to be. —不是,但我倒愿意。
25.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--你似乎对于盐城中学不了解,难道你不是这里的老师吗?--是的,我不是,我倒希望是。这是省略,完整的是but I hope to be a teacher here.故选D。
考点:考查省略的用法。
点评:本题难度适中。为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略。它是高中阶段的重要的语法项目,需要考生仔细分析句子结构,来确定省略的内容。
即学即练: —Don’t make any mistakes in your homework, will you?
—I'll ______.
A. try not to B. try to not C. try not D. try not to be
解析:A。
26.C
【详解】
考查不定式的省略式。句意:——你是老师吗?——不是,但过去是的。英语的不定式的动词上文出现过的话,可以省略to后面的动词,但是be动词或have一般不省,故选C。
【点睛】
used to放在句末时,假如后面是be或have动词的话,不能省去;如果是其他动词,则可以省略。
27.C
【解析】
试题分析:考查状语从句的省略和不定式的省略。本句在unless后面省略了we were;当状语出的主语和主句主语一致,且含有be动词的时候,可以把主语和be动词一起省略。不定式省略的时候通常只保留不定式的符号to,表示后面的do sth承前省略了。句意:在实验室里如果没有被允许,我们被告知不能触摸任何东西。故C正确。
考点:考查状语从句的省略和不定式的省略
点评:当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且状语从句中有系动词be的时候,可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。如果状语从句中有it is的时候,it is 也可以省略。不定式的省略通常只保留不定式的符号to。
28.A
【解析】
考察不定式的省略形式。不定式的省略通常只保留不定式符号to,而省略后面的内容。本题后面省略了go to a lecture.句意:—你明天我是回家吗?—不我要去听讲座。至少,我正在计划去。
29.A
【详解】
考查时态。句意:——你会让谁帮你打印这封信?——我的秘书。分析句式结构可知,此处是 have sb do sth,这是个疑问句,sb提至句首,用疑问词who代替,因此,此处用动词原形。故选A。
30.B
【解析】略
31.A
【详解】
考查省略。句意:——Della怎么了?——嗯,她父母不允许她去参加聚会,但她还是希望去。A项是动词不定式的省略,把和前面相同的部分省略,只留下小品词to,故选A。