高中语法--虚拟语气

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名称 高中语法--虚拟语气
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高中语法--虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中:
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反 If+主语+ did(be-were) 主语+ should/would/could/might +do
与过去事实相反 If+主语+ had done 主语+ should/would/could/might + have done
与将来事实相反 If+主语+ did(be-were) If+主语+were to + do If+主语+ should + do 主语+ should/would/could/might +do
If I were you, I should seize the chance.
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
注意:
1. 当从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为发生时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根 据所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
2. 从句中if可以省略,但要把were, had, should提到句首,变为倒装句式。
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
3. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句:常用的介词有with, without, but for。
What would you do with a million dollars (=if you had a million dollars)
4. 含蓄条件句
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中:
1. 用于宾语从句
wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示不可能实现的愿望。
I wish that I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
I wish that I had met the famous writer yesterday.
If only +句子 = How I wish that…
If only I had seen the film! = How I wish I had seen the film!
would rather 后的宾语从句中:
I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.
I would rather they hadn’t heard of the news. (从句动作先发生)
表示“建议、要求、命令”(如suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, insist, order)等词后的宾 语从句中,用虚拟语气,其结构为should+动词原形,should可以省略:
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
注意:当suggest意为“暗示、表明”;insist意为“坚持说、力言”时,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟 语气:
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
2. 用于主语从句:
It is suggested/ proposed… that (should + do),should可以省略
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中:
suggestion, proposal, order, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气,其构成是 should + do , should可省略。
My request is that you (should) think it over before accepting it.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.
三、虚拟语气用在其他句型中:
1. as if/ as though
He looks as if he were an artist. (同时)
She speaks English as if she had studied English in America. (先于)
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA. (后于)
2. It is (high) time (that)… 从句中可用过去式或should+动词原形(should不能省略),意为“该到做 某事的时候了”。
It is high time that you went to school.
It is high time that you should go to school.
3. 情态动词后接完成式表虚拟:
could have done 本能……做而没做
ought to/ should have done 本应该做……而没做
needn’t have done 本不必做……而做了
would have done 本来要做……而没做
would like/ would love to have done 过去愿意做、想做……而没做
had better have done 当时最好做了……而没做
【巩固练习】
1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.
A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent
C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent
2. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.
A. had started, would be B. started, might be
C. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been
3. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.
A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up
C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up
4. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill; wouldn't be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been
C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be
5. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.
A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it
C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be
7. Without your help, we________ so much.
A. won ' t achieve B. didn't achieve
C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved
8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make
C. Were you lo take; shouldn’t have made D. Have you taken; won’t have made
9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.
A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do
10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.
A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going
11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.
A. could B. should C. would D. were able to
12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.
A. could B. must C. should D. might
13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.
A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given
14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he _____ Mr. Li to the party
A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite
15. I insisted that he ________ at once.
A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go
16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.
A. hadn't stolen B. shouldn't steal C. doesn't steal D. steal
17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.
A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make
18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know
19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.
A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard
20. They got up early in order that they ________ the first train.
A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch
【真题演练】
1. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her. (94全国).
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
2. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother. (94全国)
A. has come B. did come C .came D. had come
3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (95全国)
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
4. You didn't let me drive. If we_____ in turn, you____ so tired. (96全国)
A. drove, didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got
5. --When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon. (98全国)
--They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
6. --I stayed at a hotel while in New York. (98全国).
--Oh, did you You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
7. If only he _____ quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now. (00,上海)
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
8. I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.(01全国).
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
9. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal.(01上海)
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
10. How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!(02上海卷)
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
11. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (04全国3).
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
12. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. (04福建)
—You________ her last week.
A.ought to tell B.would have told C. must tell D.should have told
13. If I _____plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (05湖北)
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
14. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.(05山东)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
15. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. (05福建).
—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B.needn’t have done C.mustn’t do D.shouldn’t have done
16. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I ____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.(06江西).
A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken
17. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.(06全国2)
A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining
18. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.(06全国1)
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
19. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
20. As you worked late yesterday, you _______ have come this morning. (06陕西).
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
21. ---How’s your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful (07宁夏).
---It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
22. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ______have driven her there.(07陕西)
A. could B. must C .night D. should
23. --- My cat’s really fat. (07浙江)
--- You ______ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
24. --- I’m sorry. I _____ at you the other day. (08江苏).
--- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
25. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ___ it without you. (08山东)
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. (08江西).
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
27. John promised his doctor he ______ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since. (08北京)
A. might B. should C. could D. would
28. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently. (09江苏)
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
29. The doctor recommended that you _______ swim after eating a large meal. (09浙江)
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
30. But for their help,we _____ the program in time.(09安徽).
A. can not finish B. will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished
31. Mark ____have hurried. After driving at top speed .he arrived half an hour early.(10天津)
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
32. --John went to the hospital alone.
--If he _____ me about it, I would have gone with him. (10天津)
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
33. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ____. (10浙江)
A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved
34. If he ______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. (10湖南,)
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
35. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he __ more on its culture. (10江苏)
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
36. Teachers recommend parents ____ their children under 12to ride bicycles to school for safety. (10福建)
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
37. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. (10山东)
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
38. --The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _____.(10北京)
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
39. They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(11全国卷I)
A. will B. can C. must D. should
40. Maybe if I _____ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.(11北京卷)
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
41. -- Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
-- I wish they _________ always late. (11北京卷)
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
42. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. (11天津卷)
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
43. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.(11江西卷)
A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
44. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.(11福建卷)
—I ____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
45. I __________ through that bitter period without your generous help. (11陕西卷)
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
【参考答案】
巩固练习1-5 BADAB 6-10 CDABC 11-15 CCDDB 16-20 ADAAC
真题演练1-5 CDCDB 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 ADBAB 16-20 CADBD 21-25 CDCBB
26-30 DDCDD 31-35 ADACB 36-40 AADDC 41-45 DADDA