备战2021年高考英语——语法之形容词、副词讲与练(一)
(一)形容词和副词概述
形容词是指那些用来描述或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。一般放在其所修饰的名词之前。在句中用作定语、表语、补语、状语等。多数形容词具有比较等级。副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、句子以及其他副词的词。在形式上,许多副词带有后缀ly。考查重点是:
(1)考查形容词与副词区别。形容词与副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法。
(2)考查“级”的范围。两个事物进行比较应使用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级。
(3)考查比较级、最高级的注意点:①同类事物进行比较。②将主语排除在被比较的范围之外的比较,因为主语只能和他人或他物相比,而不能和自己相比。③使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内,否则离开这个范围,主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级。
(4)考查比较级的重要句型。比较级有许多热点句型:from
bad
to?worse/worse
and
worse(每况愈下);more
and
more(越来越多的,越来越……);the+比较级,the+比较级(越……越……)。
(5)考查as...as同级比较句型。
(6)考查比较级的程度修饰语。比较级的程度修饰语有:much,a
1ot,even,still,a
bit,a
little等。
(7)考查易混形容词与副词的区别
(二)基础知识梳理
1.形容词的用法和位置
1)形容词作表语,表明主语的性质和特征,放在连系动词之后。如:
Computers
are
very
useful
in
our
everyday
life.
Leaves
turn
yellow
in
autumn.
2)形容词作定语,修饰名词或不定代词,通常放在名词之前,不定代词之后。如:
This
is
an
unhealthy
diet.
There
is
nothing
important
in
today’s
newspaper.
3)形容词作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,与其构成复合宾语。如:
You
should
keep
your
classroom
clean
and
tidy.
I
found
it
difficult
to
get
on
well
with
the
manager.
2.副词的用法和位置
1)副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。根据其用途与含义,副词可分为下列六大类:
(1)时间副词。常用的有:ago,before,now,then,soon,already,yet等。
(2)地点副词。常用的有:here,there,up,down,above,below,inside,outside等。
(3)疑问副词。常见的有:where,when,why,how等。
(4)程度副词。常见的有:very,much,so,too,quite,enough等。
(5)方式副词。多由“形容词+ly”后缀构成。如:carefully,quickly,easily,quietly等。
(6)频度副词。常用的有:always,often,sometimes,usually,hardly,never等。
2)副词在句中主要用作状语。也可充当定语、表语等。如:
It’s
snowing
heavily
outside.(状语,修饰动词)
I
have
never
heard
such
a
beautiful
voice.(状语,修饰动词)
unluckily,
he
failed
in
this?physics?exam
again.(状语,修饰整个句子)
He
was
too
excited
to
say
a
word.(状语,修饰形容词)
Class
is
over.(表语)
The
weather
here
is
different
from
that
of
Singapore.(定语)
3)程度副词通常位于被修饰的形容词副词之前,但enough则要放在后面。如:
It
was
much
more
freezing
today
than
yesterday.
He
ran
so
fast
that
I
couldn’t
catch
up
with
him.
We
got
up
early
enough
to
catch
the
first
bus.
4)频度副词通常位于行为动词之前,be动词、助动词和情态动词之后,但一般不放在句末。如:
I
have
never
been
late
for
class.
You
must
always
work
like
that.
5)几个副词同时出现时,其顺序一般为:方式副词+地点副词+时间副词(也可位于句首)。
巩固练习
1.?“We
must
keep
____
in
the
library.”
the
woman
said
____
to
me.?
A.
quiet;quietly???
B.
quietly;quietly???
C.quietly;quiet???
D.
quiet;quiet
2.?This
kind
of
T-shirt
looks
__________
and
sells
__________.
A.
nice
…
well???
B.
nice
…
good???
C.
well…well???
D.
good…
nice
3.?John
was
so
sleepy
that
he
could
hardly
keep
his
eyes
_________.
A.
open???
B.
to
be
opened???
C.
to
open???
D.
opening
4.?There
is
__________
interesting
in
Channel
7.
Try
others.
A.
something???
B.
nothing???
C.
anything???
D.
everything
5.?I
can't
get
anything
on
TV.
There
must
be
________with
it.
A.
wrong
something????
B.
wrong
nothing????
C.
something
wrong????
D.
nothing
wrong
6.?None
of
the
students
watched
the
experiment
__________,
did
they????
A.
careful
enough???
B.
carefully
enough???
C.
enough
careful???
D.
enough
carefully
7.?A:
“Has
your
mother
come
back
home?”
??B:
“____.”
A.
Not
yet???
B.
Not
already???
C.
Not
still???
D.
Not
ever
8.?There
was
a
_________
talk
between
the
two
leaders
last
week.
A.
friend???
B.
friendship???
C.
friendly???
D.
really
9.__________
the
temperature
is,
___________
water
turns
into
steam.???
A.
The
high…
the
fast???
????????B.
Higher...
faster???
C.
The
more
higher…
the
faster???
D.
The
higher..,
the
faster
10.?We
can
do
the
job
better
with
__________
money
and
__________
people.
A.
less…less???
B.
fewer...
fewer???
C.
less…
fewer???
D.
fewer…less
11.?Linda
has
received
__________
that
she
is
unable
to
get
a
job.
A.
such
little
education???
???B.
so
little
education
C.
a
such
little
education???
D.
a
so
little
education
12.?He
eats
__________
food,
but
he
is
__________
fat.
A.
much
too…
too
much???
B.
much
too…too
many???
C.
too
much…much
too
?????D.
too
much...many
too
13.?Many
students
think
foreign
languages
are
__________science
subjects.
A.
more
difficult
as B.less
difficult
than???
C.
much
difficult
than?
D.so
difficult
as
14.?Yangpu
Bridge
is
one
of
__________
in
the
world.
A.
bigger
bridge???
B.
the
biggest
bridge???
C.
the
biggest
bridges???
D.
bigger
bridges
15.It
is
_________to
travel
by
plane
than
by
ship.
A.
a
lot
more
excited???
B.
much
exciting
C.
a
lot
more
exciting???
D.
much
more
excited
答案解析:
1.【解析】本题是考查形容词和副词的用法区别。第一句中的keep是连系动词,其后应该加上形容词quiet作表语;而第二句中的谓语是动词said,应选用副词quietly修饰该动词,故本题答案为A。另外,常见的连系动词还有be,become,,get,turn,look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem。
2.?【解析】本题答案为A。句中looks是连系动词,后接nice构成系表结构。而sell
well是固定词组,意为“畅销”。
3.?【解析】答案是A。句子中谓语动词keep的后面跟着一个复合宾语,即宾语his
eyes和宾补open。这里open是形容词在句中作宾语补足语。
4&5.【解析】形容词在修饰复合不定代词something,
anything,
nothing,
everybody,
nobody等时,要放在这些不定代词的后面。因此上述两道题的答案分别为4B,5C。
6.?【解析】very,
so,
too等程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前。但enough要后置。因此,可以首先排除选项C和D。另外,因为careful是形容词,不能修饰谓语动词watched,所以本题的答案是B。
7.?【解析】答案是A。already和yet这两个副词常用于完成时态中。already用于肯定句中,意思是“已经”。yet用于疑问句和否定句中,在疑问句中译为“已经”,在否定句中意思是“还”。本题中因为是否定回答,所以应选用not
yet。
8.?【解析】这里talk是一个名词,之前应选择形容词作定语。而friend是名词,“朋友”。friendship也是名词,意为“友谊”。really则是一个副词,均不符合题意。所以本题的正确答案是C,意思是“友好的谈话”。在英语中有一些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如:lively,lovely,lonely,silly等。
9.?【解析】答案是D。“温度越高,水变成水蒸气的速度就越快。”这里要用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,故要排除A和B。而答案C中higher已经是比较级,其前不能再加more。
10.?【解析】本题答案为C。因为money是不可数名词,不能用few(er)来修饰,所以排除B和D。而people是一个复数名词,不能用little(
less,least)修饰。
11.?【解析】如果复数名词的前面有many或few,而不可数名词前有much或little等表示数量的形容词时,应该用so而不是such来修饰。此外,这里的education为不可数名词,所以C和D应当排除。本题的答案是B。
12.?【解析】答案是C。这里much
too中的much只起到加强语气的作用,它仍表示“太……”之意,much
too用于修饰形容词或副词。而too
much则表示数量太多之意,用来修饰或替代不可数名词。
13.?【解析】本题答案是B。在四个选项中,more…
as和much…than都是错误的搭配,因此排除A、C两项。同时因为句中结构是肯定句,也不能用so...
as,所以排除D。
14.?【解析】答案是C。"one
of...”表示“……之一”的意思,常用形容词的最高级表示,且后面跟名词的复数形式,其结构为“one
of+最高级+名词复数”。如:one
of
the
greatest
inventors,one
of
the
most
famous
restaurants。
15.?【解析】因为这是一个比较句型,所以先排除答案B。此外,由过去分词转变而来的形容词,如:excited,interested,frightened,surprised等,其主语为“人”。而由现在分词而来的形容词,如:exciting,interesting,frightening,surprising等,其主语为事物。在本题中to
travel
by
plane是句子的真正主语,所以应当选用exciting,a
lot用于修饰这个比较级。本题的正确答案是C。
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