2021届高考二轮英语语法特训学案:代词讲与练 (3份打包,Word版含答案)

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名称 2021届高考二轮英语语法特训学案:代词讲与练 (3份打包,Word版含答案)
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更新时间 2021-01-23 10:14:42

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备战2021年高考英语——语法之代词讲与练(三)
代词的句子成分及应用
1、作主语
I?am
reading
The
Arabian
Nights.
我在读《天方夜谭》。
John
waited
a
while
but
eventually?he?went
home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
Now?everything?is
ready.
现在一切都准备好了。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:
When?he?arrived,
John
went
straight
to
the
bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
The
woman
has
three
sons.?One?is
in
China,?another?is
in
America,?the
other?is
in
France.
这个女人有三个儿子,一个在中国,一个在美国,一个在法国。
2、作宾语
I
saw?her?with
them,
at
least,
I
thought
it
was
her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。
Did
you
ever
talk?it?over
with
him?
你可曾跟他谈过这个问题?
I’d
appreciate?it?if
you
could
make
me
an
offer
based
on
whatever
you
have
budgeted
for
this
position
and
we
can
go
from
there.
如果我得到这份工作无论你提供的薪水是多少我都很感激,并且我们可以从那个水平开始。
直接宾语:
It
drives?me?crazy.
间接宾语:
He
lends?me?a
book.
介词宾语:
You
should
interpret
what
I
said
in
my
sense
of
the
word,
not
in?yours.
3、作表语
I
am
not
quite?myself?these
days.
近来我身体不大舒服。
I’ll
be?myself?again
in
no
time.
我过一会儿就会好的。

Who
did
it?
谁干的?

It
was?him.
是他。
4、作同位语
You
should
write
the
letter?yourself.
你应该自己写这封信。
The
teacher?himself?will
visit
Tom’s
parents.
老师会亲自去拜访汤姆的父母。
They?each?signed
the
paper.
他们每个人都在文件上签了字。
5、做定语(形容词性物主代词)
That’s?her?shoes,
not
mine.
那是她的鞋子,不是我的。
The
story
of?their?sufferings
moved
us
deeply.
他们苦难的经历深深地触动了我们。
二、反身代词的用法
1)定义:如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。
2)反身代词的句法功能
反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
如:
He
himself
was
a
doctor.
(同位语)
=He
was
a
doctor
himself.
She
is
too
young
to
look
after
herself.
(宾语)
I
don't
blame
you,
I
blame
myself(宾语).
He
cut
himself
when
he
was
cooking.(宾语)
That
poor
boy
was
myself.(表语)
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
注意:反身代词用于
be,
feel,
seem,
look
等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:
I'll
be
myself
again
in
no
time.
我一会儿就会好的。
He
doesn't
feel
himself
today.
I’m
not
quite
myself
these
days.
我近来身体不大舒服。
三、相互代词的用法
英语的相互代词只有each
other和one
another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:
Students
should
help
one
another.
学生应该互相帮助。
We
have
known
each
other
for
many
years.
我们认识许多年了。
注意:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each
other’s,
one
another’s)。如:
They
often
stay
in
one
another's
house.
他们常常在彼此的家里住。
另外,有人认为
each
other用于两者,one
another用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。
巩固练习
1.
_____
with
any
common
sense
can
tell
the
difference
between
the
two.
A.
Who
B.
Whoever
C.
Anyone
D.
Who
ever
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响:
Whoever
comes
will
be
welcome.
任何人来都欢迎。
Whoever
wants
the
book
may
have
it.
任何人要这书都可拿去。
Whoever
gets
the
job
will
have
a
lot
of
work.
谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中
whoever
引导的均为主语从句,其中的
whoever均可换成
anyone
who,但是不能换成
anyone。以上试题从表面上看,与以上各例很相似,其实它们有本质的不同,即
_____
with
any
common
sense
中没有谓语动词,所以我们不能选
whoever。此题的正确答案为C,anyone
为句子主语,with
any
common
sense
为修饰
anyone
的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下,答案选B:
_______
has
any
common
sense
can
tell
the
difference
between
the
two.
A.
Who
B.
Whoever
C.
Anyone
D.
Who
ever
2.
The
dictionary
is
really
useful.
Every
boy
and
girl
_____
it
and
they
each
_____
to
buy
one.
A.
like,
want
B.
likes,
wants
C.
likes,
want
D.
like,
wants
【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词,因为其主语是
boy
and
girl,为复数;第二空填单数动词,因为其前有
each,表示"每一个"。
【分析】事实上,此题应选C。因为按英语习惯,every
后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,即第一空填
likes;而第二空要填复数动词
want,是因为其前的主语是
they
而不是
each(each
为主语的同位语)。
3.
Everyone
knows
that
Canada
is
larger
than
_____
country
in
Asia.
A.
any
B.
any
other
C.
other
D.
another
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的
other
不可省略):
He
is
taller
than
any
other
student
in
our
class.
他是我们班最高的。
English
is
more
widely
used
in
international
intercourse
than
any
other
language
today.
现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。
【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加
other,主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内:若在范围之内,则用
other
(以排除自己与自己比较);若不在范围之内,则不用
other。比较下面一题:
China
is
larger
than
_____
country
in
Asia.
A.
any
B.
any
other
C.
other
D.
another
此题应选B,因为
China

Asia
的范围之内。假若选A,则表示"中国比亚洲的任何国家都大",而中国本身也是亚洲国家,由此则得出"中国比中国大"的荒谬结论。而选B,则表示"中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大",这才合乎事实。
4.
"What
do
you
think
of
them?"
"I
don't
know
_____
is
better,
so
I've
taken
_____
of
them."
A.
what,
both
B.
what,
none
C.
which,
both
D.
which,
none
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的
better
一词,由于better
用的是比较级,说明比较的对象应是两者,由此可推知第二空应填both;另一方面,由于所谈论的是两者,说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确,所以第一空应填
which。
5.
"Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
or
a
glass
of
beer?"
"____
will
do,
but
milk
is
_____
popular
with
me."
A.
Neither,
not
B.
Both,
more
C.
Either,
the
most
D.
All,
the
most
【陷阱】很容易误选B,因为前文提到
coffee

beer
为两者,所以有的同学就认为应选
both

more
与之对应(more
为比较级,指两者比较)。
【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的
milk既不是
coffee
也不是
beer,而是除这两者外的第三者,故第二空应填
the
most,即此题最佳答案为C。
6.
I
read
about
it
in
some
book
or
other,
does
it
matter
_____
it
was?
A.
where
B.
what
C.
how
D.
which
此题答案选D,主要与上文的some
book
or
other
(某一本书)这一语境有关,全句句意为:"我在某一本书上读到过它,是哪一本书这很重要吗?"请看类似试题:
(1)
"Who
told
you?"
"Oh,
somebody
or
other,
I've
forgotten
_____."
A.
what
B.
when
C.
which
D.
who
此题最佳答案为D。句意为:"谁告诉你的?""噢,有个人,我忘记是哪一个了。"
(2)
Some
of
the
students
were
late
for
the
meeting,
but
I
can't
remember
_____.
A.
what
B.
when
C.
which
D.
whom
此题最佳答案为C。句意为"有些学生开会迟到了,但我不记得是哪些学生了"。
7.
These
trousers
are
dirty
and
wet
-
I'll
change
into
my
_____.
A.
another
B.
trousers
C.
others
D.
other
【陷阱】容易误选A、B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看,another
后通常接单数名词,而不接trousers
这样的复数名词(若用
another
pair
则可以);也不能选
trousers
是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C,others
相当于
other
trousers,其中的
other
与前面的
these
相对照。
8.
Her
lecture
was
hard
to
follow
because
she
kept
jumping
from
one
subject
to
_____.
A.
other
B.
the
other
C.
the
others
D.
another
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one
...
the
other
...这一常用结构。
【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one
...
the
other
...
时,我们通常是针对两者而言的,即指"两者中的一个......,另一个......";如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的,而是针对多者而言的,那么我们就不宜在
one
后使用
the
other,而考虑用
another。又如(答案均选D,即选
another):
(1)
Those
cakes
look
delicious.
Could
I
have
_____
one?
A.
other
B.
the
other
C.
the
others
D.
another
(2)
I
have
many
such
novels.
I'll
bring
_____
tomorrow.
A.
other
B.
the
other
C.
the
others
D.
another
(3)
Saying
is
one
thing
and
doing
is
_____.
A.
other
B.
the
other
C.
the
others
D.
another
比较以下各例:
(1)
Shut
____
eye,
Jim.
A.
another
B.
some
other
C.
other
D.
the
other
答案选D,因为人的眼睛只有两只,故用
one
...
the
other
...
结构。
(2)
It's
sometimes
hard
to
tell
one
twin
from
_____.
A.
another
B.
some
other
C.
other
D.
the
other
答案选D,twin
意为"孪生子之一"、"双胞胎之一",即指两者之一,故用
one
...
the
other
...
这一结构。
9.
There
are
four
bedrooms,
______
with
its
own
bathroom.
A.
all
B.
each
C.
every
D.
either
此题容易误选A,认为既然前面出现了
four
bedrooms,故填
all
与之对应。其实,此题的最佳答案应为B,原因是空格后的隐藏信息
its,它表示空格处应填一个单数代词,但是不能选C,因为
every
不能这样单独使用。
10.
"It's
said
that
he
is
a
wise
leader."
"Oh,
no,
he
is
_____
but
a
wise
leader."
A.
anything
B.
anyone
C.
anybody
D.
anywhere
【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人,似乎只有B、C才与之一致。
【分析】其实,正确答案应选A。因为
anything
but
是习语,意为"根本不是"或"一点也不",不仅可用于事物,也可用于人。如:
I'll
do
anything
but
that.
我绝不会干那种事。
The
party
was
anything
but
a
success.
晚会根本不成功。
Her
father
was
anything
but
a
poet.
她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such
a
man
was
anything
but
a
hero.
那样的人绝不算英雄。
11.
Tell
_______
you
like
-
it
makes
no
difference
to
me.
A.
anyone
B.
who
C.
whoever
D.
what
【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选
C。但若将A,
B两项合起来,即用
anyone
who这样的形式则也可以。选
C,whoever
引导一个宾语从句,用作动词
tell的宾语。同样地,请看以下类似试题:
(1)
_____
comes
is
welcome.
A.
Anyone
B.
Who
C.
Anyone
who
D.
Everyone
此题很容易误选A,因为从汉语意思来分析,可理解为"任何人来都欢迎",但若选A,此句的结构是混乱的,句中有两个谓语动词
comes

is,但却只是一个句子。此题应选C,anyone
是句子主语,who
comes
是修饰
anyone
的定语从句。
(2)
_____
comes
to
see
me,
tell
him
I'm
out.
A.
Anyone
B.
Who
C.
Whoever
D.
Everyone
此题很容易按汉语意思误选A,其实应选C。whoever
引导的是让步状语从句,相当于
no
matter
who。
(3)
Sarah
hopes
to
become
a
friend
of
_____
shares
her
interests.
A.
anyone
B.
whomever
C.
whoever
D.
no
matter
who
此题不能选A,假若选A,应在其后加上
who,即用
anyone
who;也不能选B,一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词
shares),二是因为在现代英语中
whomever
这个词已基本废除
(也就是说,在现代英语中
whoever
既用作主语,也用作宾语,如:Give
it
to
whoever
you
see
in
the
meeting-room.
你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁);也不能选D,因为
no
matter
who只用于引导让步状语从句,不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C,whoever
在此相当于
anyone
who。
比较下例,答案应选A,而不是B、C或D(注意句意):
It
was
a
matter
of
_____
would
take
the
position.
A.
who
B.
whoever
C.
whom
D.
whomever
12.
The
teacher
told
us
that
the
problem
was
not
_____
easy
and
that
we
should
think
_____
over
carefully.
A.
such,
it
B.
that,
it
C.
such,
不填
D.
that,不填
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。
【分析】最佳答案选
B。第一空填that,that
用作副词,相当于
so,又如:
Is
it
always
that
hot?
总那么热吗?(其中的
that
hot
可以换成
so
hot,但不能换成
such
hot)
I
can
only
tell
you
that
much.
我只能告诉你这么多。(其中的
that
much
可以换成
so
much,但不能换成
such
much)
注意第一空不能填such,因为such
不用作副词,即它不用于修饰形容词。
另外,汉语中说"好好想一想",通常可以不带宾语,但英语中的think
over
是及物动词,如果用它来表示"好好想一想",应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语,所以本题应用
think
it
over,相当于
think
the
problem
over。
13.
The
camera
isn't
good
enough;
I
want
to
change
______.
A.
another
B.
a
good
one
C.
it
with
another
D.
it
for
another
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的
change
sth
表示的是"换某物",sth
是被换的东西,而
change
sth
for
sth
else
表示的才是"用某物换另一物"。比较:
That
coat
was
too
large
and
I
had
to
change
it.
那件外套太大了,我得去换一件。
That
coat
was
too
large
and
I
had
to
change
it
for
a
smaller
one.
那件外套太大了,我得去换一件小一点的。
14.
I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said,
but
I
don't
agree
with
______.
A.
everything
B.
anything
C.
something
D.
nothing
【陷阱】此题容易误选
B,生搬硬套不定代词用法规则:something
用于肯定句,anything
用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】其实此题应选
A,注意前文的
I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said(我同意你说的大部分内容),其后的not

everything
构成部分否定,意为"不是所有的都同意",前后两部分用转折连词
but
连接,语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子:
______
likes
money,
but
money
is
not
______.
A.
Everyone,
everything
B.
Anyone,
anything
C.
Someone,
nothing
D.
Nobody,
everything
最佳答案选A,句意为"大家都喜欢钱,但钱不是万能的"。
15.
"Is
there
______
here?"
"No,
Bob
and
Tim
have
asked
for
leave."
A.
anybody
B.
everybody
C.
somebody
D.
nobody
【陷阱】此题容易误选
A。认为这是一般疑问句,要用
anybody。
【分析】其实此题应选B,主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为:"大家都到齐了吗?""没有,Bob
和Tim
两人请假了。"假若我们将此题作如下变换,则情形就会有所不同:
"Is
there
______
here?"
"Yes,
I'm
upstairs.
Please
come
and
help
me."
A.
anybody
B.
everybody
C.
somebody
D.
nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A,而不是B。
请再看一例:
"Do
you
have
_____
at
home
now,
Mary?"
"No,
we
still
have
to
get
some
fruit
and
tea."
A.
something
B.
anything
C.
everything
D.
nothing
答案选C,句意为"玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?""还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。"
2备战2021年高考英语——语法之代词讲与练(一)
一、在我们学习中文句子中,代词是我们经常用到的一类词,代词代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词的词。如:我、他们、自己、人家、谁、怎样、多少、那里、这儿等。代词通常会显示出人称和数的区别:一般区分第一、第二和第三人称,以及单复数等。
代替名词、动词、形容词、数量词、副词的词,包括:
ɑ)人称代词,如“我、你、他、我们、咱们、自己、人家”,
b)疑问代词,如“谁、什么、哪儿、多会儿、怎么、怎样、几、多少、多么”,c)指示代词,如“这、这里、这么、这样、这么些、那、那里、那么、那样、那么些”。
二、英语代词可以分为:
1、人称代词(Personal
Pronouns)
I我
you你
he他
she她
they他们
me我(宾格)you你(宾格)him他(宾格)her她(宾格)them他们(宾格)
2、物主代词(Possessive
Pronouns)
my我的
his他的
your你的(your你们的)
their他们的
hers她的
3、指示代词
this这
that那
these这些
those
那些
4、反身代词myself我自己
himself他自己
themselves他们自己
5、疑问代词who谁
what什么
which哪个
6、不定代词some一些
many许多
both两个;两个都
7、关系代词which……的物
who……的人
that……的人或物
who谁
that引导定语从句
8、相互代词
each
other
互相
one
another互相
9、连接代词
who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
10、替代词one(单数),ones(复数)
用于替代前面出现的同类事物
例如:
1.I
like
his
car.
我喜欢他的小汽车。
2.Our
school
is
here,and
theirs
is
there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。
3.He
is
my
brother.
他是我的哥哥。
4.She
is
my
sister.
她是我的妹妹。
5.It
is
my
ruler.
它是我的尺子。
6.This
is
my
book.
这是我的书。
三.人称代词:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。
人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语和表语,宾格用作宾语,介宾或动宾
eg.?I?like?music(主语).???
????
Are?you?sure?it?was?they(表语)?
四.物主代词:
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词(my,your等)在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用,名词性物主代词(mine,yours等)则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。
eg.
May
I
use
your
pen??Yours?works
better.
(名词性物主代词作主语)
???
I
love
my
motherland
as
much
as
you
love?yours.
(名词性物主代词做表语)
????My?stepfather.
(形容词性物主代词修饰名词)
五.反身代词:反身代词指主语与宾语为同一人或物,或表示一个动作回到该动作执行者身上时,反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
eg.
He?himself?was?a?doctor.?(同位语)?
???
He?is?too?young?to
take
care
of?himself.?(宾语)
???
That?poor?boy?was?myself.(表语)
巩固练习:
1.
I
got
this
bicycle
for
______
My
friend
gave
it
to
me
when
she
bought
a
new
one.
A.
everything
B.
something
C.
anything
D.
nothing
答案:D
解析:考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为”我没花钱就得了这辆自行车;我的朋友买了一辆新车,就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave
it
to
me”可判断没花钱,nothing表否定,for表示交换。
2.
The
employment
rate
has
continued
to
rise
in
big
cities
thanks
to
the
efforts
of
the
local
governments
to
increase
______.
A.
them
B.
those
C.
it
D.
that
答案:C
解析:考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the
employment
rate”,是单数,而them和those是复数。
3.
We
feel
______
our
duty
to
make
our
country
a
better
place.
A.
it
B.
this
C.
that
D.
one
答案:A
解析:考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to
make
our
country
a
better
place”。
4.
They
produced
two
reports,
______
of
which
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
A.
either
B.
all
C.
none
D.
neither
答案:D
解析:考查不定代词的用法。句意为“他们提供了两份报告,没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议。”neither两个都不;either两者之一,但后半句里的“any
useful
suggestions”与否定连用;all与none指三个或三个以上,与前面的“two
reports”不相一致。
5.
The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
find
________
difficult
to
tell
one
from
the
other.
A.
it
B.
them
C.
her
D.
that
答案:A
解析:考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相似,不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to
tell
one
from
the
other”。
6.
We
have
various
summer
camps
for
your
holidays.
You
can
choose
____
based
on
your
own
interests.
A.
either
B.
each
C.
one
D.
it
答案:C
解析:考查不定代词one的用法。句意为“在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词,表泛指,相当于“a/an
+
单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer
camp夏令营。
7.
Surprisingly,
Susan’s
beautiful
hair
reached
below
her
knees
and
made
_____
almost
an
overcoat
for
her.
A.
them
B.
her
C.
itself
D.
herself
答案:C
解析:考查反身代词的用法。句意为“令人惊叹的是,Susan美丽的长发垂到她的膝盖下面,就像一件外套似的。”反身代词itself指的是前面提到的beautiful
hair。而them、her和herself指的都是人。
8.
Since
people
are
fond
of
humor,
it
is
as
welcome
in
conversation
as
________
else.
A.
anything
B.
something
C.
anywhere
D.
somewhere
答案:C
解析:考查代词。句意为“人们喜爱幽默,所以,在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用,表示(除了in
conversation的)其他任何地方,表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。
9.
There
is
______
in
his
words.
We
should
have
a
try.
A.
something
B.
anything
C.nothing
D.everything
答案:A
解析:考查代词。句意为“他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。”something
不简单的事,可观的成绩,有些地位的人。
10.
——Silly
me!
I
forget
what
my
luggage
looks
like.
——What
do
you
think
of
______
over
there?
A.
the
one
B.
this
C.it
D.that
答案:D
解析:考查指示代词的用法。句意为“——我真傻!想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。——你看看那边的是不是你的?”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物,over
there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物,the
one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。
11.
——Would
you
get
me
a
bar
of
chocolate
from
the
kitchen,
dear?
——
______
one?
A.Other
B.Every
C.Another
D.More
答案:C
解析:考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“——亲爱的,可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来?——还要吃一块?”A.Other
B.Every
another
与数词连用时,数词放在another的后面,如another
three
chairs;
other和more与数词连用时,数词放在它们的前面,如one
more
apple,
two
other
boys。
12.
I
knew
that
_____
would
ever
discourage
him;
he
would
never
give
up
wanting
to
be
a
director.
A.
something
B.
anything
C.
everything
D.nothing
答案:D
解析:考查不定代词的用法。句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他;他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never
give
up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。
13.
——Would
you
like
tea
or
coffee?
——______,
thank
you.
I've
just
had
some
water.
A.
Either
B.
Both
C.
Any
D.
Neither
答案:D
解析:考查不定代词。句意为“——你是想喝茶还是咖啡?——谢谢你,都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。”通过后面“I've
just
had
some
water”可以判定是拒绝tea
和coffee。neither“两者中哪个都不”,其所指范围是两个人或物;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both“两个都”,修饰可数名词,统指两者;any用于肯定句,作“任何的”解。
14.
Why
don’t
you
bring
_____
to
his
attention
that
you’re
too
ill
to
work
on?
A.
that
B.it
C.his
D.him
答案:B
解析:考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作?”it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。
2备战2021年高考英语——语法之代词讲与练(二)
一、不定代词
不定代词是代词种类中相对复杂的一种,数量较多且很多词意思几乎相同但修饰不同类型的名词,因此学习者们很容易混淆使用,犯低级错误导致不必要的丢分。
1.定义:
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2.种类:英语中不定代词数量非常多
some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere)
any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere)
no(nothing,nobody,no
one)
every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere)
all,each,both,much,many,(a)little
(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either,
neither
and
so
on.
3.用法比较:

some和any:两者都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中或表示请求意义的疑问句;而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.
eg.Tom
has
some
picture
books
????
Have
you
any
questions?
????
Why
don’t
you
bring
some
flowers?

few?与
little:few和a?few?后接复数名词,而little和a?little后接不可数名词。few?和?little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义,a?few?和?a?little?则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。
eg.He?knew?few?of?them.
???
I
have
only?a?few?of
pens.
???
He?knew?little?about?it.
???
There?is?still?a?little
water
in
the
bottle.

all,?every,?each:all
强调整体地考虑总体,every?强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近,但all通常与复数名词搭配,every通常与单数名词搭配),each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体,all和each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语,而every?后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接?of?短语,each?指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every指三者或三者以上“每个”。
eg.?All?of
us
need
to
sit
down.
?????Each?of?us?has?a?book.
?????Every?kid
like
chocolate.

both,neither,either:both指两者,带有肯定意译,neither指两者,带有否定意义,either指两者中的任何一个。
eg.?Both?of
us
can
speak
Chinese.
?????
She
can't
sing,neither
(can)
he.
?????
Either
of?them
will
help
us.
二、指示代词
1.
空间和时间上来说,this“这个”和these“这些”,跟它们的中文一样,一般指较近的事或的时间内发生的事,that“那个”和those“那些”,一般指较远的事物或较久之前发生的事。如:
Please
come
this
way.
We'll
go
in
by
that
door.
请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。
2.
在聊天或是特定语境中,往往会用指示代词指代聊天者共同熟悉的事物。如:
I
liked
this
movie
today
better
than
that
concert
last
night.
我喜欢今天的这个电影,胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。
3.
可用this

that用来回指上文提到的事情,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用
this
--She
is
a
beautiful
girl.
--Who
said
that?
I
want
to
know
this:
Is
she
beautiful?
我想知道这一点:她美吗?
4.
在打电话时,通常用
this
指自己,用that指对方:
Hello.
This
is
Mary.
Is
that
John?
喂,我是玛丽,你是约翰吗?
5.
除用作代词外,this
和that
还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,意为"这么"、"那么",相当于
so。如:
Is
he
always
this
busy?
他总这么忙吗?
6.
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分,如宾语时,只能指物,不能指人,如:
That
is
my
teacher.
那是我的老师。(
that作主语,指人)
He
is
going
to
marry
this
girl.
他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词,这里不能直接用this作宾语指人)
I
bought
this.
我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)
7.
that和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和
these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,如:
(对)
He
admired
that
which
looked
beautiful.
他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对)
He
admired
those
who
looked
beautiful.
他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(错)
He
admired
that
who
danced
well.
(that作宾语时不能指人)
(对)
He
admired
those
who
danced
well.
他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(对)
He
admired
those
which
looked
beautiful.
他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)
巩固练习:
1.
—Have
you
finished
all
your
exercises?
—Yes,
______
is
left.
As
a
matter
of
fact,
they
are
as
easy
as
ABC.
A.
nothing
B.
not
one
C.
none
D.
neither
【答案】C
2.
For
quite
______
students,
their
teacher’s
advice
is
more
important
than
______
of
their
parents’.
A.
few;
one
B.
a
little;
some
C.
a
few;
that
D.
a
lot;
many
【答案】C
3.
The
school’s
Drama
Association
will
be
giving
a
big
show
tonight
and
two
______
next
week.
?A.another
B.other
C.else
D.more
【答案】D
4.
I
want
to
buy
a
pair
of
sports
shoes,
______
at
a
proper
price,
but
of
good
quality.
?A.that
B.one
C.those
D.ones
【答案】B
5.
He
said
he
had
called
me
to
return
home,
but
I
didn't
receive
______.
A.
one
B.
it
C.
anyone
D.
anything
【答案】D
6.
I'd
appreciate
______
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
the
computer.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
this
D.
one
【答案】B
7.
Mistakes
will
happen.
Accept
______
and
learn
from
_______.
A.
it;
them
B.
them;
it
C.
it;
it
D.
them;
them
【答案】A
8.
Why
don’t
you
bring
______
to
his
attention
that
you
are
to
ill
to
go
on
working?
?A.One
B.it
C.that
D.this
【答案】【B】考查代词的用法。
9.
Of
all
the
books
on
the
desk,
______
is
of
any
use
for
our
safety.
A.
nothing
B.
no
one
C.
neither
D.
none
【答案】[D]考查代词的用法
10.
The
young
mother
saw
her
baby
fall
to
the
ground,
______
brought
her
heart
to
her
mouth.
A.it
?B.and
which
C.and
tha
tD.this
【答案】[C]
11.
Rising
from
______
to
a
position
of
power,
Mr.King
is
still
working
very
hard.
A.nothing
B.everything
C.something
D.anything
【答案】A
12.
We
needed
a
new
cupboard
for
the
kitchen.So
Peter
made
_____
from
some
wood
we
had.
A.it
B.one
C.himself
D.another
【答案】B
13.
I
would
appreciate
______
if
you
could
teach
me
how
to
use
the
computer.
A.that
B.this
C.it
D.you
【答案】C
14.
--How
much
salt
did
you
put
in
the
soup?
—I’m
sorry
to
say,
______.
I
forgot
A.none
B.
no
one
C
nothing
D.
no
【答案】A
15.
This
design
is
_______
satisfactory.
So
you’ll
have
to
try
your
best
to
better
it.
A.
nothing
but
B.
anything
but
C.
all
but
D.
everything
but
【答案】B
16.
-Did
you
have
any
trouble
with
the
customs
officer?
-________
to
speak
of.
A.
No
B.
Nothing
C.
None
D.
Neither
【答案】C
17.
He
is
very
smart
and
______
can
be
hidden
from
him.
A.nothing
B.something
C.everything
D.anything
【答案】A
18.
______
likes
money,
but
money
is
not______.
A.Everyone;
everything
B.Anyone;
anything
C.Someone;
nothing
D.Nobody;
everything
【答案】A
19.
—Who
has
eaten
all
the
cake,
Jim?
—Oh,
______
must
be
your
two
pet
dogs.
A.it
B.they
C.that
D.which
【答案】A
20.
—Then
have
you
no
money
at
all?

______
,
madam.
A.Nothing
B.No
one
C.Neither
D.None
【答案】D
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