(共27张PPT)
Unit
4 Astronomy:
the
science
of
the
stars
Learning
about
Language
语法精讲·探究学习
主语从句
【情境探究】
观察上面对话,
根据下面句子的语境,
试着在空白处填入适当的连词。
1.
_____
you
will
win
the
medal
seems
unlikely.
你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。
2.
________
she
is
coming
or
not
doesn’t
matter
too
much.
她来不来都无关紧要。
3.
_____
I
want
to
know
is
this.
我想知道的就是这事。
4.
______
the
plane
is
to
take
off
has
not
been
announced.
飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。
That
Whether
What
When
【要义详析】
一、主语从句的定义
在主从复合句中,
充当主语的从句,
叫主语从句。
二、引导主语从句的连接词
引导主语从句的连接词有三类:
从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
1.
连接词that和whether。
(1)that引导的主语从句。
That
you
can
come
and
join
us
in
the
Traditional
Cultural
Festival
is
really
a
great
honor
for
us.
你能来和我们一起参加传统文化节对我们来说是莫大的荣幸。
(2)whether引导的主语从句。
(2020·江苏高考)It
is
not
a
problem
whether
we
can
win
the
battle;
it’s
just
a
matter
of
time.
我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;
这只是时间问题。
【名师点津】
(1)that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,
无词义,
只起连接作用。
(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分,
起连接作用,
意为“是否”,
不可省略。
【知识延伸】
(1)在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
Whether
it
is
true
remains
a
question.
那是不是真的还是个问题。
(2)whether引导主语从句放在主句之后时可用if来代替。
It
is
unclear
whether/if
he
likes
the
present.
他是不是喜欢那份礼物还不清楚。
【即学活用】
(1)用适当的连接词填空。
①It
is
uncertain
_________
he
will
leave
for
Beijing
tomorrow.
②_____
parents
are
willing
to
do
their
best
to
give
us
as
much
as
they
can
is
quite
sure.
③________
we
will
go
for
an
outing
tomorrow
remains
unknown.
if/whether
That
Whether
(2)句型转换。
Young
girls
at
your
age
hope
to
look
beautiful,
which
is
natural.
(用主语从句改写句
子)
→______________________________________________________
That
young
girls
at
your
age
hope
to
look
beautiful
is
natural.
?
2.
连接代词引导的主语从句。
连接代词引导主语从句,
在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的连接代词有:
who,
whose,
whom,
what,
which,
whoever,
whomever,
whatever,
whichever等。
What
China
has
achieved
in
the
past
70
years
did
not
come
easily.
中国在过去70年里所取得的成就并不容易。
Whoever
shows
great
interest
in
cycling
can
participate
in
the
competition.
所有对骑行感兴趣的人都可以参加比赛。
【即学活用】
用适当的连接词填空。
(1)_____
you
can’t
miss
is
the
Hand-copied
Newspaper
Competition
on
April
4.
(2)______
part
of
the
country
he
will
travel
to
needs
discussing.
(3)_____
I
want
to
say
is
that
exercise
is
as
useful
and
important
as
your
study.
(4)________
committed
the
crime
should
be
severely
punished.
What
Which
What
Whoever
3.
连接副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语,
表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。连接副词有when,
where,
why,
how等。
When
we
will
hold
the
class
meeting
will
be
decided
soon.
我们什么时候开班会很快就会决定。
【名师点津】
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
【即学活用】
用适当的连接词填空。
(1)_____
the
project
is
going
depends
on
both
of
government
and
the
workers.
(2)______
Li
Bai,
a
great
Chinese
poet,
was
born
is
known
to
the
public,
but
some
won’t
accept
it.
(3)______
he’ll
be
back
depends
much
on
the
weather.
(4)_____
he
was
absent
from
the
meeting
remains
a
mystery.
How
Where
When
Why
4.
主语从句与形式主语it。
有时为了考虑句子平衡,
通常在含有主语从句的复合句中使用形式主语it,
而将真正的主语从句移至句末。常见的用形式主语it的主语从句结构有:
(1)It
be+名词词组+主语从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有:
a
pity,
a
shame,
a
fact,
an
honour,
a
wonder,
no
wonder等。
It’s
a
shame
that
I
forget
our
appointment
completely!
真惭愧,
我完全忘了我们的约定!
(2)It
be+形容词+主语从句
(2018·江苏高考)It’s
strange
that
he
should
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner’s
permission.
真奇怪,
他居然没有得到主人的允许就把书拿走了。
(3)It
be+过去分词+主语从句
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It
is
believed
that
the
movie
will
be
not
only
meaningful
but
also
interesting.
据说,
这部电影不仅有意义,
而且很有趣。
(4)It+不及物动词(happen,
seem,
appear,
etc.
)+主语从句
It
seemed
that
many
animals
kept
in
the
zoo
were
not
being
treated
well.
似乎很多圈养在动物园里的动物没有得到好的对待。
(5)It+及物动词+宾语+that从句
It
surprised
me
that
our
parents
wouldn’t
like
to
accept
new
things.
让我吃惊的是我们的父母不愿意接受新事物。
【知识延伸】
1.
从句要用陈述语序
What
I
am
telling
you
is
mere
impressions.
我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。
2.
主语从句的主谓一致
如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,
谓语动词用复数;
由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,
谓语动词用单数。
When
they
will
start
and
where
they
will
go
have
not
been
decided
yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When
and
where
the
meeting
will
be
held
has
not
been
decided.
会议将在什么时候以及在哪里举行还没定下来。
【即学活用】
用适当的连接词填空。
(1)It
is
generally
believed
____
China
is
the
largest
mobile
payment
market.
(2)It
remains
to
be
seen
_______
they
can
talk
him
over.
(3)It’s
a
great
pity
____
I
can’t
go
with
you
as
I’ve
already
seen
it.
(4)It
occurred
to
me
____
I
could
make
a
special
gift
for
my
grandmother
that
whether
that
that
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
用适当的连接词填空
1.
_____
worries
us
a
lot
is
some
drivers’
bad
qualities.
2.
It
is
such
a
good
opportunity
____
you
shall
never
miss
it.
3.
________
Tom
will
win
the
computer
competition
remains
a
secret
till
next
Monday.
4.
_____
these
students
did
is
against
the
spirit
of
eco-travel.
5.
______
we
will
have
the
meeting
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
Maybe
it
will
be
held
in
the
hall.
What
that
Whether
What
Where
6.
_____
made
me
excited
was
the
cross
talk,
filled
with
humour
and
cultural
stories.
7.
________
we’ll
go
camping
tomorrow
or
not
depends
on
the
weather.
8.
It
is
required
____
we
should
experience
a
job
to
know
about
the
differences
between
society
and
schools.
9.
________
gets
home
first
starts
cooking
the
supper.
10.
_____
I
want
to
say
is
that
every
one
of
us
lives
in
a
grateful
world.
What
Whether
that
Whoever
What
Ⅱ.
单句改错
1.
What
is
known
to
all
that
English
is
the
most
widely
used
language
in
the
world.
(
)
2.
It
is
reported
all
the
snow
events
of
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games
will
take
place
in
Zhangjiakou.
(
)
3.
If
the
plan
will
be
carried
out
is
unknown.
(
)
4.
It
happens
my
birthday
is
approaching.
(
)
5.
Who
comes
to
the
party
will
receive
a
present.
(
)
What改为It或all后加is
reported后加that
If改为Whether
happens后加that
Who改为Whoever
6.
If
my
parents
will
be
happy
at
this
exam
result
is
still
unknown.
(
)
7.
That
we
love
most
is
the
time
we
enjoy
the
full
moon
together.
(
)
8.
Whom
has
helped
to
save
the
drowning
girl
is
worth
praising.
(
)
If改为Whether
That改为What
Whom改为Whoever
9.
That
we
need
to
do
is
to
plant
more
trees
and
flowers
to
beautify
the
environment.
(
)
10.
That
she
comes
or
not
makes
no
difference.
(
)
That改为What
That改为Whether
【语法主题应用】
请使用恰当的主语从句和本单元的重点语块作一个长假后开学第一天的感悟小结
刚刚度过一个长假这个事算不上欢喜或忧郁。关键是,
从今天开始,
如何规划好我的日常学习与生活才是我要考虑的。时光飞逝,
以至于我们都觉得每天还未收获什么便结束了。很明显的是,
科技发展速度太快。因此,
我们得考虑更高效的学习策略。只有这样,
我们才能取得我们想要的成功。将来要做什么,
怎么做等,
好多事都掌握在我们自己的手中。加油!
【参考范文】
The
fact
that
we
have
just
spent
a
long
holiday
is
not
either
cheerful
or
blue.
From
today
on,
how
to
spend
my
school
days
is
more
considerable.
Time
flies
so
rapidly
that
we
feel
almost
nothing
at
the
end
of
each
day.
It
is
obvious
that
science
and
technology
are
developing
too
fast.
What
we
should
consider
is
to
grasp
more
efficient
studying
strategies.
Only
in
this
method
can
we
get
the
success
we
want.
How
and
what
we
will
perform
in
the
future
is
still
in
our
hands,
come
on!(共83张PPT)
Unit
4 Astronomy:
the
science
of
the
stars
Using
Language
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示,
使用本单元的重点单词填入下面的空中
1.
This
is
that
________(生物学家)
who
has
rescued
her
life.
2.
There
is
a
theory
that
the
earth
is
round
because
of
_______(重力,
万有引力).
3.
Television
stations
around
the
world
are
linked
by
_______(卫星).
4.
It
is
the
_________(地质学家)
who
have
calculated
the
age
of
the
earth.
5.
The
present
book
is
mainly
intended
as
an
introduction
for
_________(物理
学家).
biologist
gravity
satellite
geologists
physicists
6.
In
spite
of
facing
much
trouble,
I
believe
you
will
soon
get
used
to
the
_______(气候)
here.
7.
The
_________(宇宙飞船)
will
soon
be
launched,
and
the
people
at
control
have
already
begun
to
count
down.
8.
I
have
been
on
the
run
all
day
and
I
am
really
_________(精疲力竭的).
9.
Here
is
enough
water
in
the
harbor
to
____(使浮起)a
fleet.
10.
The
newly-elected
president
narrowly
escaped
in
the
air
_____(碰撞).
climate
spaceship
exhausted
float
crash
11.
They
are
going
to
____
down(推倒)
that
building,
where
a
new
theatre
will
be
constructed.
12.
As
spring
advanced,
the
discomforts
of
Lowood
________(减轻).
13.
When
you
are
relaxed,
your
breathing
tends
to
be
slow
and
______(温和的).
pull
lessened
gentle
Ⅱ.
根据语境选词填空
fall
to
the
ground,
cheer
up,
now
that,
less
than,
as
if,
come
on,
get
the
hang
of,
break
out,
watch
out
for,
block
out
1.
“You’ll
_____________it,
”he
says
cheerfully
when
looking
at
the
paper.
?
2.
You
look
as
though
you
need
___________.
?
3.
________you
can
play
in
the
campus,
why
not
do
some
teamwork
together?
?
get
the
hang
of
cheering
up
Now
that
4.
We
are
told
that
each
party
shall
consist
of
not
________ten.
?
5.
At
the
beginning
of
this
year,
serious
trouble
had
__________in
the
north
of
the
USA.
?
6.
Upon
getting
to
the
apartment,
I
heard
that
the
dishes
_______________with
a
crash.
?
7.
That
cough
sounds
____it
is
getting
worse.
?
8.
________,
dear!
Shake
a
leg;
we
are
late
already.
?
9.
____________these
fellows,
who
have
come
to
steal
your
land.
?
10.
If
the
curtain
is
put
down,
the
sunlight
will
_____________.
?
less
than
broken
out
fell
to
the
ground
as
if
Come
on
Watch
out
for
be
blocked
out
【构词规律】
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1.
学科后加名词后缀-ist,
表示专家或从事该项活动的人
physics物理
?physicist物理学家
art艺术
→______艺术家
?
science科学
→_______科学家
chemistry化学
→_______化学家
artist
scientist
chemist
2.
动词+out构成动词短语
block
out
挡住(光线)
break
___
爆发
watch
___
密切注视
turn
___
结果是
check
___
核查
out
out
out
out
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)The
passage
is
mainly
about
______.
?
A.
introduction
of
the
moon
B.
the
gravity
that
I
felt
on
my
way
to
the
moon
C.
my
visit
to
the
moon
D.
my
friend
Li
Yanping,
an
astronomer
(2)According
to
the
text,
we
know
that
the
force
of
the
gravity
would
change
______times.
?
A.
2 B.
3 C.
4 D.
5
(3)When
did
the
author
feel
strongest
of
the
gravity
of
the
earth?
A.
On
the
moon.
B.
On
the
half
way
to
the
moon.
C.
At
the
very
beginning.
D.
On
their
leaving
from
the
moon.
(4)What
causes
the
writer
to
feel
that
he
becomes
weightless
on
the
moon?
A.
Spaceship.
B.
Gravity.
C.
His
friend.
D.
His
good
feelings
of
the
moon.
(5)From
the
text
we
can
know
if
a
man
grows
up
on
the
moon,
______.
?
A.
he
will
grow
taller
than
on
the
earth
B.
he
will
grow
shorter
than
on
the
earth
C.
he
will
become
fatter
D.
he
will
become
weightless
答案:
(1)～(5)CBCBA
根据文章内容完成空格。
A
visit
to
the
moon
Part
1
Para.
1
I
was
lucky
enough
(1)
_______(make)a
trip
into
space
and
visit
the
moon.
Part
2
Para.
2
The
force
of
gravity
would
change
three
(2)_____
(time)
on
our
journey,
and
the
first
change
would
be
the
(3)
_____________(power).
to
make
times
most
powerful
Part
3
Para.
3
When
we
got
there,
I
wanted
(4)
_________(explore)
immediately.
But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
(5)___
(fall)
over.
After
a
while
I
got
(6)
___
hang
of
it.
Para.
4
(7)_______
the
moon’s
gravity
was
not
as
painful
(8)__
leaving
the
earth’s.
But
(9)_________
(return)
to
the
earth
was
very
(10)__________(frighten).
to
explore
fell
the
Leaving
as
returning
frightening
2.
运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文:
我们起飞前,
李彦平向我解释说,
_________________________________
___________________________。
在我们的航行中会有三次重力的改变,
而且第一次的改变将是最强的
译文:
___________________________________________________________
_________
随着火箭的升空,
因为我们试图逃离地球的引力,
我们被向后推在了
座位上。
译文:
_____________________________________________________________
___________________
当我们更接近月球时,
我们就会感到月球的引力在拉我们,
但是它不像
地球的引力那么大。
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
结合课文主题回答下列问题。
What
are
your
problems
when
visiting
the
moon?
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________
I
will
meet
with
the
problem
of
losing
weight.
But
after
I
practice
walking
on
the
moon,
I
will
get
the
hang
of
it.
?
2.
结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,
根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文。
(1)上个月我很幸运有机会去太空旅行。
(2)随着火箭的升空,
我们体验到了重力(gravity)的吸引(pull),
随后,
我们在失重的情况下在太空舱里漂浮(float)起来。
(3)当到达月球的时候,
我从飞船(spaceship)里爬下来享受这次探险。
(4)最后我们返回了地球,
这令我们振奋(cheer
up)。
Last
month
I
was
lucky
enough
to
have
a
chance
to
make
a
trip
into
space.
As
the
rocket
rose
into
the
air,
we
experienced
the
pull
of
the
earth’s
gravity
and
then
floated
weightlessly
around
in
our
spaceship
cabin.
When
we
got
to
the
moon,
I
climbed
down
the
steps
from
the
spaceship,
and
enjoyed
myself.
Finally
we
returned
to
the
earth,
which
cheered
us
up.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
pull
n.
&
vt.
拉(力);
拖;
牵引力
We
thought
there
might
be
something
we
could
do,
so
we
quickly
pulled
over
to
help.
我们认为可以做点什么,
因此很快就把车停下来去帮忙。
【词块积累】
pull
down
拆除
pull
in
(火车)到站,
进站
pull
out
拿出,
拉出
pull
through
恢复健康;
帮助某人脱离困境
pull
over
靠边停车
【链高考·明考向】
(2020·天津高考)He
pulls
out
a
special
device,
points
it
at
the
suspect,
and
switches
it
on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置,
指着嫌疑犯,
打开了它。
【巧学助记】对比记忆push/pull
【熟词生义】
The
show
has
certainly
pulled
(in)
the
crowds.
表演当然吸引了大批观众。
(
)
v.
吸引
【即学活用】
(1)Tom
was
not
seriously
injured
and
pulled
_______
after
staying
in
bed
for
two
weeks.
(2)A
young
woman
pulled
____
the
road
and
offered
to
give
me
a
ride.
(3)Luckily,
by
their
joint
efforts,
they
finally
pulled
the
young
driver
___
of
his
car.
(4)The
train
pulled
__
and
all
the
passengers
were
ready
to
get
off.
through
over
out
in
2.
cheer
up感到高兴;
感到振奋
I
always
cheer
up
and
never
stop
chasing
my
goal
even
though
I
meet
with
difficulties.
我总是感到振奋,
即使遇到困难也从不停止追求我的目标。
A
big
crowd
gathered
around
the
tower
to
see
the
race
and
cheer
them
on.
一大群人聚集在塔的周围观看比赛,
为他们加油。
【词块积累】
(1)cheer.
.
.
on
为……鼓气,
为……喝彩/加油
(2)cheer
n.
欢呼声vt.
欢呼;
喝彩
cheerful
adj.
快乐的;
高兴的;
兴高采烈的
cheerfully
adv.
高兴地
(3)cheers
(用于祝酒)干杯
【巧学助记】感到高兴的cheer
【小词汇·大文化】
We
should
cheer
on
those
who
have
enough
determination,
for
faith
can
move
mountains.
我们要为那些有充分毅力的人加油,
因为信念能移山。(精诚所至,
金石为开。)
【即学活用】
(1)用cheer的适当形式填空。
①Everyone
is
longing
for
your
coming,
and
it
would
be
more
_______
if
you
could
give
a
performance.
②Bathed
in
sunshine,
we
enjoyed
the
splendid
view
_________.
③Deeply
touched
by
his
courage,
all
the
audience
_______
loudly.
(2)But
things
are
not
so
bad
as
you
imagine.
Just
________(振作起来)!
?
cheerful
cheerfully
cheered
cheer
up
3.
But
when
I
tried
to
step
forward,
I
found
I
was
carried
twice
as
far
as
on
the
earth
and
fell
over.
?
而当我试着向前迈步的时候,
我发觉我被送出去很远,
步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,
因此我摔倒了。
【句式解构】
(1)此句为主从复合句,
其中when引导时间状语从句;
主句谓语found之后的宾语从句省略了连接词that。
(2)twice
as
far
as.
.
.
意为“是……的两倍远”,
属倍数表达法之一。其结构为“A+be/do+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B,
表示“A
是
B的多少倍”。
As
the
labor
law
rules,
employers
should
pay
three
times
as
much
as
what
they
pay
normally.
按照劳动法,
雇主应该按正常工资的三倍支付。
Asia
is
four
times
as
large
as
Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
【名师点津】倍数表达法的归纳
用
times
表示倍数(一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数,
一般用
twice)。
A
is
+倍数/分数/百分数+as+adj.
(原级)as
B
A
is
+倍数/分数/百分数+adj.
(比较级)than
B
A
is
+倍数/分数/百分数+the+n.
(size/weight/length/width等)
of
B
A
is
+倍数/分数/百分数+what从句
【即学活用】
(1)一句多译。
这个大厅是我们教室的五倍大。
①This
hall
is
five
times
__________our
classroom.
?
②This
hall
is
five
times
________our
classroom.
?
③This
hall
is
five
times
_________our
classroom.
?
(2)改错
Our
factory
is
twice
as
bigger
as
theirs.
(
)
bigger
than
as
big
as
the
size
of
bigger改为big
4.
“Oh
dear,
”
I
cried,
“walking
does
need
a
bit
of
practice
now
that
gravity
has
changed.
”“天哪,
”我大声说,
“重力改变了,
看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”?
【句式解构】
now
that既然,
由于,
引导原因状语从句,
that也可以省略。与之意思相近的有seeing
that和since。
Now
that
you
are
a
great
lover
of
Peking
Opera,
I’m
sure
that
you
don’t
want
to
miss
the
chance.
既然你很喜欢京剧,
我确信你不想错过这个机会。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Now
that
you’ve
listed
your
strengths,
list
your
imperfections.
既然你已经列出了自己的优点,
那就列出你的不完美吧。
【即学活用】
(1)
___________________________,
let’s
develop
a
good
habit
of
reading.
?
既然阅读对我们有好处,
让我们培养好的阅读习惯吧。
(2)
________________________,
you
should
not
rely
on
your
parents.
既然你长
大了,
就不应该依靠你的父母。?
Now
that
reading
is
good
for
us
Now
that
you
are
grown
up
【要点拾遗】
1.
gentle
adj.
温和的;
文雅的
I’m
sure
that
you
will
develop
a
great
interest
in
this
gentle
exercise.
我确信你会对这个温和的运动感兴趣的。
I
said
to
my
mother
gently,
“Nothing
is
more
valuable
than
the
love
of
you
in
the
world.
”
我温柔地对母亲说:
“在这个世界上,
没有什么能比你的爱更宝贵。
”
【词块积累】
(1)gentleman
n.
绅士
(2)gently
adv.
轻轻地;
温柔地;
温和地
【即学活用】
(1)用gentle的适当形式填空。
①She
held
the
baby
______.
②With
______
breeze
and
warm
sunshine
embracing
us,
everyone
was
happy
and
relaxed.
③Orchid,
a
symbol
of
a
real
_________,
is
a
kind
of
flower
popular
among
Chinese.
(2)He
is
a
man
gentle
in
manner
but
firm
in
action.
译:
_________________________________
gently
gentle
gentleman
他是一个举止文雅但行动坚决的人。
2.
block
out
挡住(光线)
As
a
result
of
this
event,
a
great
dust
cloud
formed
in
the
sky
blocking
out
the
sunlight.
正因为这一事件,
天空形成了一团巨大的尘云,
挡住了阳光。
We
noticed
the
shared
bicycles
parked
here
and
there,
blocking
the
way
of
the
passers-by.
我们注意到共享单车停得到处都是,
堵塞了人行道。
【词块积累】
(1)block
out
忘掉,
抹去;
草拟,
画……的简略图
(2)block
n.
块;
街区;
大楼
vt.
堵塞;
阻塞
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·江苏高考)What
the
scientists
did
to
the
road
was
that
they
blocked
it.
科学家们把这条路堵住了。
【小词汇·大文化】
Every
man
is
his
own
worst
enemy,
and
if
you
carry
on,
nothing
can
block
you.
一个人最大的敌人就是自己。只要继续努力,
没有什么能阻挡住你。(一个人,
只要能战胜了自己,
就将战无不胜。)
【即学活用】
语法填空。
(1)After
we
had
walked
a
few
______(block),
we
were
wet
from
head
to
toes,
and
I
felt
Kate
was
trembling
with
cold.
(2)The
tree
is
so
big
that
it
blocks
___
a
lot
of
light.
(3)The
pavement
_________(block)
by
vans,
cars
or
other
badly
parked
vehicles.
?
blocks
out
is
blocked
3.
float
vi.
&vt.
(使)浮动;
(使)漂浮
n.
漂浮物
Rivers
are
so
dirty
that
we
often
see
dead
fish
floating
on
the
surface
of
the
water.
河流如此脏,
以至于我们经常看到死鱼漂浮在水面上。
There
wasn’t
enough
water
to
float
the
ship.
水不够深,
船浮不起来。
【熟词生义】
He
floated
his
firm
on
the
stock
market.
(
)
他让自己的公司上市了。
vt.
上市
【即学活用】
(1)用float的适当形式填空。
①Li
Ming
and
I
will
pick
up
the
rubbish
_______
on
the
river,
which
may
make
the
river
look
cleaner.
②30
minutes
seemed
much
longer
as
we
just
helplessly
______
on
the
boundless
sea.
③We
are
trying
_______the
sunken
ship.
?
(2)In
the
spaceship,
there
is
no
gravity
so
the
food
would
float
around.
译:
______________________________________
floating
floated
to
float
在太空船上没有重力,
因此食物会到处飘。
4.
break
out突发;
爆发
We
watched,
amazed
as
fire
broke
out
on
the
outside
of
the
spaceship
as
the
earth’s
gravity
increased.
我们惊奇地看着,
随着地球的引力增加,
宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
It
is
not
surprising
that
such
worms
can
break
down
polyethylene.
这种虫子可以分解聚乙烯,
这并不令人意外。
【词块积累】
break
down
出故障;
失败;
垮掉;
垮下来;
分解
break
in
破门而入;
打断(谈话等)
break
into
强行闯入;
突然……起来
break
away
from
脱离;
挣脱
break
up
解散;
打碎;
驱散
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①What
is
worse,
many
computers
selling
tickets
broke
_____
under
too
much
pressure
of
operation.
②Two
friends
have
an
argument
that
breaks
___
their
friendship
forever.
③On
hearing
the
news
that
a
wildfire
broke
___
in
your
hometown,
I
am
extremely
concerned.
(2)Hardly
had
I
reached
home
_____________________.
?
我一到家暴风雨就来了。
down
up
out
when
a
storm
broke
out
5.
watch
out
for密切注意;
当心;
提防
You
must
always
watch
out
for
the
traffic
here.
你必须要注意这里的交通。
Watch
out!
There
were
lots
of
accidents
here.
注意!
此处发生过很多车祸。
Watch
out
for
the
haze;
it
may
do
great
harm
to
us.
当心这种雾霾天气,
它可能对我们造成很大的损害。
【词块积累】
watch
over
照顾;
监督;
保护
watch
out
小心,
提防
keep
a
watch
on
守望;
注视
【知识延伸】
watch
out的同义短语还有look
out,
take
care,
be
careful等。
【即学活用】
用watch的相关短语填空。
(1)The
cashiers
were
asked
______________artificial
banknotes.
?
(2)You’ll
lose
your
figure
if
you
don’t
_________.
?
(3)Will
you
__________the
baby
while
I’m
out?
?
to
watch
out
for
watch
out
watch
over
主题活动·迁移应用
Ⅰ.
语用功能表达
太空话题常用语块:
载人飞船
manned
spaceship/spacecraft
多人多天太空飞行
multi-manned
and
multi-day
space
flight
载人航天计划
manned
space
program
航天飞机space
shuttle
无人飞船unmanned
spaceship/spacecraft
试验太空船Experimental
Spacecraft
太空舱
capsule
运载火箭carrier
rocket/rocket
launcher
近地轨道low
Earth
orbit
绕地球飞行
orbit
the
earth
发射台launch
pad
太空升降舱
space
elevator
外太空outer
space;
deep
space
中国航天局
CNSA(China
National
Space
Administration)
美国航空航天管理局
NASA(National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration)
太空服
space
outfits(space
suits)
太空食物
space
food
着陆区
landing
area
主着陆场
main
landing
field/
primary
landing
site
航天员astronaut
Ⅱ.
话题情景交流
来自印度尼西亚的Widuri和来自斯里兰卡的Danu就太空旅行的话题展开
讨论。
对话参考范例:
Widuri:
Hello!
I’m
Widuri
from
Indonesia.
Danu:
And
I’m
Danu,
from
Sri
Lanka.
Widuri:
Ok!
So
our
question
today
is:
①_____________________________(你
对太空旅行感兴趣吗)?
Mmm,
what
do
you
think,
Danu?
?
are
you
interested
in
space
travel
Danu:
I’m
really
interested
in
space
travel
because
since
my
childhood
I’m
very
interested
in
stars,
moon,
and
things
about
space,
so
I
wish
I
could
②________
_____(去太空旅行)
one
day.
How
about
you,
Widuri,
what
do
you
think?
?
Widuri:
That’s
very
interesting.
Yes,
same.
I
am
always
interested
in
③______
_____________________(有关太空的故事和电影),
for
example,
you
know
Interstellar.
.
.
something
like
that.
.
.
?
travel
to
space
stories
and
movies
about
space
Danu:
Yes.
Widuri:
Yeah,
I
am
interested
in
it.
But
if
I
have
to
go
for
a
space
travel,
that
would
be
scary,
isn’t
it?
Danu:
④__________________(是很可怕,
不过也很有意思).
So,
what
do
you
think?
?
Widuri:
Yeah,
what
do
you
think?
Danu:
Are
you
interested
in
space
travel?
It’s
scary
but
it’s
fun
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
He
is
a
famous
________(生物学家),
who
devoted
all
his
life
to
the
_______(生物学).
Meanwhile,
he
also
shows
great
interest
in
literature.
?
2.
The
famous
________(物理学家)
was
______(温和的).
And
he
made
great
contributions
to
the
study
of
_______(重力)
and
_______(卫星).
3.
Because
of
the
terrible
_______(气候),
a
plane
_______(碰撞)
the
hill.
It
was
reported
that
many
people
were
killed.
4.
It
is
said
the
____(牵引力)of
this
kind
of
new
_________(宇宙飞船)
is
surprising.
Meanwhile,
it
can
____(漂浮)
in
space
easily.
biologist
biology
physicist
gentle
gravity
satellite
climate
crashed
pull
spaceship
float
Ⅱ.
选词填空
get
close
to,
block
out,
cheer
up,
come
on,
break
out,
pay
attention
to,
get
the
hang
of,
watch
out
for
1.
He
should
________as
soon
as
possible,
and
work
hard
in
the
future.
?
2.
He
was
29
when
the
war
_________.
?
3.
All
they
done
was
to
________the
light.
?
cheer
up
broke
out
block
out
4.
It’s
a
bit
tricky
at
first
till
you
_____________it.
?
5.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
can
______________what
I
have
said
above.
?
6.
When
you
cross
the
street,
____________cars.
?
7.
Let’s
take
the
responsibility
to
build
up
a
low
carbon
city
by
riding
bicycles.
________and
join
us!
?
8.
In
order
to
relax
ourselves
and
__________nature,
we
have
decided
to
have
a
hiking.
?
get
the
hang
of
pay
attention
to
watch
out
for
Come
on
get
close
to
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
__________________________China’s
classical
culture,
I
will
send
a
book
to
you.
?
既然你对中国古典文学感兴趣,
我将送给你一本书。
2.
The
car
runs
_______________that
truck.
?
这辆小汽车开得比那辆卡车快两倍。
3.
I
like
drawing
____________I
spent
lots
of
time
drawing
pictures.
我非常喜
欢画画,
以至于我花了很多时间画画。?
Now
that
you
are
interested
in
twice
faster
than
so
much
that
4.
I
apologize
for
any
trouble
that
_____________________by
my
carelessness.
我为因我的粗心可能会造成的麻烦而道歉。?
5.
Looking
around,
we
____
a
rubber
boat
_______
by
the
shore.
环顾四周,
我们看到一艘橡皮艇正漂浮在岸边。
might
have
been
caused
saw
floating
Ⅳ.
课文语法填空
Last
month
I
visited
the
moon
1.
____
my
friend.
2.
______
we
left,
I
was
told
the
force
of
gravity
3.
____________(change)
three
times
on
our
journey.
Then
we
set
off.
As
we
left
the
earth,
4.
_________(gradual)
the
weight
lessened.
When
I
was
in
space,
I
felt
as
if
there
5.
____
(be)
not
gravity
at
all.
We
floated
6.
___________
(weightless)
in
the
spaceship
and
I
cheered
up.
When
I
was
on
the
moon,
I
was
surprised
7.
______(find)out
even
walking
needed
lots
of
with
Before
would
change
gradually
was
weightlessly
to
find
practice
now
8.
____
gravity
had
changed.
The
returning
to
9.
___
earth
was
very
frightening.
We
were
10.
_______
(amaze)
to
watch
fire
break
out
on
the
outside
of
the
spaceship.
?
that
the
amazed
话题写作·表达升级
解决问题类作文
【文体感知】
解决问题类作文是对某些问题提出解决的建议、措施和方法。同学们首先要理清写作主题,
解决问题的办法应该是写作的重点。还要注意语言要简明扼要,
目的明确,
具有合理性和说服力,
语气要委婉。文章结构遵循三段论的原则:
开篇,
提出问题;
主体,
分析和解决问题;
总结,
对提出问题的解决方法进行简要的评价。
【典题演练】
假定你是李华,
你的美国朋友
Sarah
打算暑期来北京旅游,
来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信,
简单介绍以下内容:
1.
简况:
长
800
米,
600
多年历史,
300
余家商铺;
2.
位置:
天安门广场南面;
3.
交通:
公共汽车
17、59、69等路,
地铁2号线;
4.
特色:
步行街、电车、茶馆、剧院等。参考词汇:
步行街
pedestrian
street
电车
trolley
car
地铁
subway
【某篇立意】
【遣词造句】
完成句子
1.
谢谢你来信询问重建前门大街的情况。
_____________________________________________________________
2.
前门街是一条有600多年历史的著名街道。
_________________________________________________
3.
这条街在北京市中心,
天安门广场南面。
_______________________________________________________________
Thank
you
for
your
letter
asking
about
the
rebuilt
of
Qianmen
Street.
?
Qianmen
Street
is
a
famous
street
of
over
600
years
old.
?
The
street
is
in
the
center
of
Beijing,
to
the
south
of
Tian’anmen
Square.
?
4.
坐公共汽车去那里很方便。
___________________________________
5.
前门大街是步行街。
__________________________________
6.
有电车载你去商店、剧院和茶馆。
_________________________________________________________________
7.
在商店、剧院和茶馆里,
你可以体验到一种真正的中国式生活方式。
__________________________________________________________________
___________
It’s
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
bus.
?
Qianmen
Street
is
a
pedestrian
street.
?
There
are
trolley
cars
to
take
you
to
the
shops,
the
theaters
and
teahouses.
?
In
the
shops,
the
theaters
and
teahouses,
you
can
experience
a
truly
Chinese
way
of
life.
?
句式升级
8.
将句3和句4合并为主从复合句。
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
9.
用not
only.
.
.
but
also结构合并句6和句7。
____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
As
the
street
is
in
the
center
of
Beijing,
to
the
south
of
Tian’anmen
Square,
it’s
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
bus.
?
There
are
trolley
cars
to
take
you
not
only
to
the
shops,
but
also
to
the
theaters
and
teahouses
where
you
can
experience
a
truly
Chinese
way
of
life.
?
【完美成篇】
Dear
Sarah,
Thank
you
for
your
letter
asking
about
the
rebuilt
of
Qianmen
Street.
Here
is
something
about
it.
Qianmen
Street
is
a
famous
street
of
over
600
years
old.
Along
this
800-meter
street,
there
are
more
than
300
shops.
As
the
street
is
in
the
center
of
Beijing,
to
the
south
of
Tian’anmen
Square,
it’s
very
convenient
to
get
there
by
bus.
You
may
take
buses
No.
17,
59
or
69!
Subway
Line
2
has
a
stop
there
too.
Qianmen
Street
is
a
pedestrian
street,
but
there
are
trolley
cars
to
take
you
not
only
to
the
shops,
but
also
to
the
theaters
and
teahouses
where
you
can
experience
a
truly
Chinese
way
of
life.
I’m
sure
you’ll
like
it.
Yours,
Li
Hua
【话题拓展】
1.
话题词汇
(1)be
located
in/lie
in坐落于/位于
(2)with
a
population
of有……人口
(3)be
famous/well-known
as/for作为/因为……而闻名
(4)has
a
long
history
of有……的悠久历史
(5)date
back
to追溯到
(6)draw
the
attention
of
吸引……的注意
(7)places
of
interest名胜古迹
(8)tourist
attractions旅游胜地
(9)to/in/on
the
east
of在……的东面
(10)welcome
to欢迎来到……
2.
话题句式
(1)It
covers
an
area
of
about.
.
.
square
kilometers.
它占地约……平方千米。
(2)
The
average
temperature
is.
.
.
平均温度为……
(3)It
has
many
places
of
interest,
such
as.
.
.
它有许多名胜古迹,
例如……
(4)They
make
the
city
a
tourist
attraction
both
at
home
and
abroad.
他们使这座城市成为国内外的旅游胜地。
(5)It’s
a
wonderful
place
with.
.
.
这是个很不错的地方,
有……
(6)
It
enjoys
the
reputation
of.
.
.
它享有……声誉
(7)It
is
rich/abundant
in.
.
.
它富有……
(8)Hotels
of
various
grades
are
available.
可提供各种等级的酒店。
(9)Buses
and
taxies
are
convenient.
公共汽车和出租车很方便。
(10)If
you’d
like
to
go
to
visit,
you
could
take
the
No.
1
Bus
in.
.
.
如果你想去参观的话,
你可以在……乘一路公共汽车。(共97张PPT)
Unit
4 Astronomy:
the
science
of
the
stars
Warming
Up
&
Reading
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据句子语境,
写出下面黑体词的词性和汉语意思
1.
My
deskmate,
Guo
Rui,
is
fond
of
astronomy,
which
is
the
study
of
the
universe.
(
)
2.
For
the
last
fifty
years,
the
globe
has
been
warming
up.
(
)
3.
There
is
no
doubt
that
they
are
responsible
for
solar
energy.
(
)
4.
As
we
know,
the
atmosphere
is
a
continuous
layer
of
gases.
(
)
5.
It
has
been
explored
that
the
Mars
is
too
dry
and
poor
in
oxygen.
(
)
n.
天文学
n.
地球
adj.
太阳的
n.
空气,
大气圈,
大气层
n.
氧气
6.
To
my
great
sadness,
the
acid
has
burnt
a
hole
in
my
jacket.
(
)
7.
Yesterday,
the
violent
storms
caused
several
power
cuts.
(
)
8.
We
have
solved
some
problems,
but
the
fundamental
problem
went
deeper
still.
(
)
9.
Excessive
smoking
is
harmful
to
one’s
health.
(
)
10.
Some
people
like
to
buy
lots
of
raffle
tickets(彩票)
and
multiply
their
chances
of
success.
(
)
n.
酸
adj.
猛烈的
adj.
基本的,
根本的
adj.
有害的
v.
使增加
11.
It
is
believed
that
without
these
resources
man
cannot
exist.
(
)
12.
You
don’t
think
this
is
a
puzzling
question.
(
)
13.
It
was
a
habit
that
she
laid
her
dress
on
the
bed
to
keep
it
neat.
(
)
14.
Unlike
other
methods,
it’s
very
unique
and
different
from
most
other
methods.
(
)
v.
存在
adj.
令人感到困惑的
v.
放置,
搁置
prep.
与……不同
Ⅱ.
根据语境,
选择合适的短语填空
give
birth
to,
prevent
from,
in
time,
in
one’s
turn,
lay
eggs,
a
chain
of
1.
My
mom
___________me
about
15
years
ago
and
I
am
always
fairly
grateful
to
her.
?
2.
No
one
________________getting
rich
by
lack
of
money
for
a
time.
?
3.
He
promised
that
the
boy
would
be
back
at
school
______for
evening
prayers.
?
gave
birth
to
is
prevented
from
in
time
4.
“Yes,
”
replied
Franz,
“
here
I
am,
”
and
he,
_________,
left
the
caves.
?
5.
It
is
as
if
a
single
unimportant
event
set
up
_________reactions.
?
6.
The
species
only
________about
every
five
years.
?
in
his
turn
a
chain
of
lays
eggs
【词汇串记】
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1.
名词后跟后缀ful构成adj.
harm→harmful
adj.
有害的
use→______
adj.
有用的
color→_______
adj.
多彩的
hope→_______
adj.
有希望的
useful
colorful
hopeful
2.
前缀un+adj.
构成adj.
like→unlike
adj.
不像
able→______
adj.
不能
just→______
adj.
不公平的
fair→______
adj.
不公平的
lucky→_______
adj.
不幸的
3.
break+副词或介词
→动词短语
break
out突发;
爆发
break
___结束;
破碎
break
_____失败;
抛锚
break
___
使折断
unable
unjust
unfair
unlucky
up
down
off
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)Who
knows
how
life
began
on
the
earth
exactly?
A.
Scientists.
B.
Astronomers.
C.
No
one.
D.
Aliens.
(2)What
does
“small
clever
animals”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A.
Insects.
B.
Reptiles.
C.
Dinosaurs.
D.
Humans.
(3)The
earth
was
different
from
the
other
planets
in
that
______.
?
A.
a
cloud
of
dust
was
around
the
earth
B.
comfortable
climate
remained
on
the
earth
C.
water
remained
on
the
earth
D.
carbon
remained
on
the
earth
(4)The
plants
grew
before
the
animals
because
they
provided
______.
?
A.
nutrients
for
animals
to
absorb
B.
oxygen
for
animals
to
breathe
C.
necessary
temperature
for
animals
to
keep
warm
D.
water
vapour
for
animals
(5)Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A.
The
dust
settled
into
a
solid
globe
between
4.
5
and
3.
8
billion
years
ago.
B.
The
first
small
plants
began
to
appear
on
the
surface
of
the
land.
C.
About
2.
6
million
years
ago
some
small
clever
animals
appeared
and
spread
in
the
ocean.
D.
Dinosaurs
died
out
long
before
human
beings
developed
on
the
earth.
答案:
(1)～(5)CDCBA
2.
运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文:
____________________________________________________________
___________________________。
然而,
一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是:
宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,
这次
大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方
译文:
很多科学家相信,
由于___________________,
使地球得以_____________
_____________________。
地球上长期有水存在
把有害气体和
酸性物质溶解在海洋里
译文:
所以,
在未来的数百万年中,
_____________________________________
___________。
生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能
否得到解决
根据文章内容完成空格。
How
Life
Began
on
the
Earth
Part
1
Para.
1
After
a
“Big
Bang”,
atoms
began
to
form
and
combine
(1)
________(create)
stars
and
other
bodies.
Part
2
Para.
2
The
earth
was
just
a
cloud
of
dust.
The
explosion
of
the
earth
in
time
produced
many
things,
(2)______
were
to
make
the
earth’s
atmosphere.
to
create
which
Part
2
Para.
3
As
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
to
appear
on
(3)
___(it)surface.
It
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
(4)________
(harm)
gases.
Then
life
began
to
develop.
Para.
4
Small
plants
(5)_________
(multiply)
and
filled
the
oceans
and
seas
(6)____
oxygen.
This
encouraged
the
(7)___________
(develop)of
early
shellfish
and
fish.
Land
animals
appeared
after
green
plants
appeared.
Part
3
Para.
5
(8)________
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
(9)_______
(million)of
years
to
come
will
depend
on
whether
this
problem
can
(10)
________(solve).
its
harmful
multiplied
with
development
Whether
millions
be
solved
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
结合课文主题,
回答下列问题。
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
The
passage
explains
how
life
began
on
the
earth.
At
first,
the
earth
exploded
and
produced
water.
And
then
plants
and
animals
including
human
beings
appeared
on
the
earth
gradually
because
water
existed
on
the
earth.
?
2.
结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,
根据提示写一篇50个词左右的短文。
(1)地球在宇宙大爆炸中诞生(came
into
existence)。
(2)大爆炸产生了水蒸气(water
vapour)、二氧化碳(carbon
dioxide)和其他气体。
(3)随后,
一些小植物出现(appeared)在地面上,
紧跟着出现了陆地动物。
(4)最终,
出现了一些高智商动物,
并进化成人类(human
beings)。
The
earth
came
into
existence
in
the
“Big
Bang”.
The
explosion
produced
water
vapour,
carbon
dioxide
and
other
gases.
Later
some
small
plants
appeared
on
the
earth’s
surface,
followed
by
land
animals.
At
last,
some
small
clever
animals
appeared
and
became
human
beings.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
unlike
prep.
与……不同;
不像;
adj.
不同的;
不像
But,
unlike
the
European
car
industry,
the
European
rail
industry
is
not
far
behind
Japan.
不过,
在欧洲,
与汽车工业不同的是,
铁路业并未落后日本许多。
Now
I
see
that,
unlike
her,
they
were
my
positive
models.
现在我知道了,
那些人不像她,
他们是我的积极的榜样。
Mom-and-pop
carmakers
are
unlikely
to
beat
the
biggest
car
companies.
夫妻经营的汽车制造厂不可能打败最大的汽车制造商。
(2019·浙江高考)But
unlike
most
collectors,
Zac
tracks
down
the
medals’
rightful
owners,
and
returns
them.
与大部分收藏者不同,
扎克会找到金牌的主人,
把金牌退还给他们。
【词块积累】
(1)unlikely
adj.
不可能的
(2)likely
adj.
可能的
It
is
likely
that.
.
.
可能……
not
likely
决不可能
sb.
/sth.
be
likely
to
do
sth.
某人/物可能做某事
(3)dislike
vt.
不喜欢
【小词汇·大文化】
Experience
is
the
best
teacher,
which
is
unlike
many
other
things.
实践出真知,
这和其他的很多东西是不同的。(实践是检验真理的唯一标准,
因此我们要在踏实的实践中探索新知。)
【即学活用】
(1)选词填空(unlike/dislike/likely)。
①People
who
are
addicted
to
fast
food
are
more
_____
to
suffer
from
various
life-threatening
diseases.
②As
you
know,
______
in
your
hometown,
it
can
be
a
little
cold
in
Beijing.
③We
______
those
who
talk
big
and
do
nothing.
likely
unlike
dislike
(2)语法填空。
①______
(like)
westerners,
the
family
name
in
China
is
usually
put
first.
②People
are
likely
________(forget)
their
own
tradition
and
culture
if
they
focus
too
much
on
foreign
festivals.
?
Unlike
to
forget
2.
harmful
adj.
有害的
I’d
like
to
stick
to
my
paper
dictionary,
which
is
more
environmentally
friendly
and
less
harmful
to
my
health.
我喜欢用我的纸质词典,
它更环保,
对我的健康的伤害更少。
True
to
a
gorilla’s
unaggressive
nature,
the
huge
animal
meant
me
no
real
harm.
和大猩猩不具攻击性的本性一样,
这只大型动物不会伤害我。
These
bacteria
are
harmless
to
humans.
这些细菌对人无害。
The
hazy
weather
has
occurred
a
lot
of
times,
which
has
done
great
harm
to
our
daily
life.
雾霾天气出现了多次,
这对我们的日常生活造成了巨大的危害。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
the
sun’s
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin,
they
also
give
us
beneficial
Vitamin
D.
虽然阳光会老化并伤害我们的皮肤,
但它们也会给我们提供有益的维生素D。
【巧学助记】巧记harm家族
【小词汇·大文化】
It
is
harmful
to
pull
all
the
eggs
in
one
basket.
把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里没有益处。(不要孤注一掷。)
【即学活用】
(1)用harm的适当形式填空。
①You
have
studied
so
hard
that
you
have
had
no
time
for
exercise,
which
is
really
________
to
your
health.
②This
kind
of
material
was
________
to
the
animals
so
it
can
be
used
widely.
harmful
harmless
(2)一句多译。
过多玩手机会对使用者造成巨大伤害。
①Using
cell
phones
too
much
_________________the
users.
?
②Using
cell
phones
too
much
__
extremely
__________the
users.
?
does
great
harm
to
is
harmful
to
3.
exist
vi.
存在;
生存
We
can’t
forget
that
deep
relationships
wouldn’t
even
exist
if
it
weren’t
for
casual
conversation.
我们不要忘记,
没有闲谈的话,
深厚的关系是不会存在的。
As
we
all
know,
some
bad
habits
and
uncivilized
phenomena
do
exist
in
our
school.
众所周知,
我们学校确实存在一些坏习惯和不文明现象。
Pollution
is,
in
fact,
threatening
our
existence.
事实上,
污染威胁着我们的生存。
【词块积累】
(1)exist
in 存在于……之中
exist
on
靠……为生
There
exists/existed.
.
.
某地有……;
存在……
(2)existence
n.
存在;
生存
come
into
existence
产生;
成立;
开始存在
in
existence
现存的,
存在着的
【链高考·明考向】
(2020·江苏高考)I
felt
a
sort
of
awe
at
the
possibilities
that
existed
in
his
world.
我对他的世界里存在的可能性感到一种敬畏。
【小词汇·大文化】
Something
exists
every
time
a
book
is
opened.
开卷有益。(只要读书,
都会受益)
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①China
needs
to
join
forces
with
other
nations
to
solve
these
_______(exist)
problems.
②The
value
of
cultural
heritage
buildings
mainly
exists
__
two
aspects.
③Privately-owned
kindergartens
also
have
come
into
________
(exist)
since
the
1980s.
(2)There
exist
some
cultural
differences
between
China
and
Britain.
译:
_________________________________
existing
in
existence
中国和英国之间存在一些文化差异。
4.
prevent.
.
.
from
阻止;
制止
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The
purpose
of
the
scientists’
experiment
is
to
prevent
the
birds
from
being
killed.
科学家们做实验的目的是防止这些鸟被杀死。
A
squeeze
of
fresh
lemon
juice
on
the
bananas
will
prevent
them
from
turning
brown.
在香蕉中放入少量的鲜柠檬汁可阻止其变成褐色。
Confidence
is
important
because
it
prevents
you
from
giving
up
whenever
you
run
into
difficulties.
信心很重要,
因为每当你遇到困难的时候它都会阻止你放弃。
We
must
prevent/stop
the
water
(from)being
polluted.
我们必须阻止水被污染。
In
order
to
keep
her
from
going
out,
he
locked
the
door.
为了阻止她外出,
他把门锁上了。
We
were
prevented
from
going
home
by
the
heavy
rain.
大雨使我们不能回家了。
【词块积累】
(2)在主动语态中keep.
.
.
from.
.
.
中的from不可省略,
prevent.
.
.
from.
.
.
和stop.
.
.
from.
.
.
中的from可省略。
(3)在被动语态中,
这几个短语中的from都不可省略。
【小词汇·大文化】
By
other’s
faults,
wise
men
correct
their
own
and
prevent
their
own.
他山之石,
可以攻玉。(要善于学习他人的长处,
为己所用。)
【即学活用】语法填空。
(1)Measures
should
be
taken
to
beautify
the
environment
such
as
__________
(prevent)
pollution,
planting
trees
and
so
on.
(2)It’s
high
time
we
took
measures
to
prevent
water
from
_____________
(pollute).
?
(3)This
plan
will
____________(prevent)
from
being
carried
out.
?
preventing
being
polluted
be
prevented
5.
What
it
was
to
become
was
uncertain
until
between
4.
5
and
3.
8
billion
years
ago
when
the
dust
settled
into
a
solid
globe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道,
直到38～45亿年前这团尘埃慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。?
【句式解构】
(2)what
引导主语从句时,
可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。be
to
do结构在此句中表示不可避免将要发生的动作。
What
you
are
studying
is
badly
needed
in
China.
你正在学的东西在中国是急需的。
Robots
are
to
improve
our
lives
in
the
future.
机器人注定将会在未来提升我们的生活。
【知识延伸】be
to
do结构还有以下用法:
(1)表示计划、安排(要做某事)。例如:
We
are
to
meet
at
the
school
gate.
我们将在校门口碰头。
(2)表示目的。例如:
The
prize
was
to
honour
him
for
his
great
discoveries.
这个奖是为了奖励他的重大发现。
(3)表示应该做(某事)。例如:
What
are
we
to
do
next?
我们下一步该怎么办?
【即学活用】
(1)
___________regularly
is
__________various
activities
in
communities.
我们定期做的是组织各种社区活动。?
(2)
_____________is
_______a
real
rest,
instead
of
getting
more
tired.
?
我们所需要的是真正的休息,
而不是变得更累。
(3)The
course
of
study
________________within
one
year.
?
这门课程预计在一年内修完。
What
we
do
to
organize
What
we
need
to
have
is
to
be
completed
【要点拾遗】
1.
in
time及时;
终于;
迟早
I’m
just
so
glad
that
I
was
there
in
time
to
help
their
family.
我很高兴及时赶到那里,
帮助他们一家。
These
traffic
signs
should
be
repaired
in
time
to
ensure
the
safety
of
the
drivers.
这些交通指示牌应该及时修理以确保司机的安全。
【词块积累】
on
time
准时
at
times
有时
in
no
time
立刻,
马上
at
no
time
决不
at
a
time
每次;
一次
at
the
same
time
同时
【名师点津】
at
no
time意为“决不”,
置于句首时句子要部分倒装;
in
no
time意为“立即”,
放在句首时句子无需倒装。
At
no
time
should
you
give
up
studying.
你决不应放弃学习。
In
no
time
they
finished
the
task.
他们很快就完成了任务。
【知识延伸】time的固定句型
(1)It’s
(high/about)time
that
sb.
did/should
do
sth.
到了某人做某事的时间。
It’s
high
time
that
the
government
took
effective
measures
to
encourage
more
people
to
pay
attention
to
a
“low-carbon”
lifestyle.
到了政府该采取有效的措施来鼓励更多的人关注低碳生活方式的时候了。
(2)It/This
is
the
first/second
time
that
sb.
have/has
done
sth.
It/This
was
the
first/second
time
that
sb.
had
done
sth.
这是某人第……次……
It’s
the
first
time
that
he
has
been
to
Australia.
这是他第一次到澳大利亚。
(3)every
time+从句
每次……时
the
first
time+从句
第一次……
Every
time
I
meet
her,
I
always
forget
her
name.
每次见到她时,
我总是忘记她的名字。
【小词汇·大文化】
Difficult
the
first
time,
easy
the
second.
一回生,
二回熟。(任何事情都不是一蹴而就的,
但是,
只要努力,
慢慢就能掌握其中的要领。)
【即学活用】用time的短语填空。
(1)As
soon
as
I
hear
from
you,
I
will
get
in
touch
with
you
______.
?
(2)There
are
many
things
that
can’t
be
learnt
________.
?
(3)I
think
you
should
stop
taking
weight-loss
pills
_________because
they
are
harmful
to
your
health.
?
(4)My
uncle
and
I
will
pick
you
up
at
the
airport
_______.
?
in
time
at
a
time
in
no
time
on
time
2.
chain
n.
链子;
连锁;
锁链
This
produced
a
chain
reaction,
which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.
这就产生了一个连锁反应,
使生命的发展成为可能。
She
said
that
she
was
the
“mystery
customer”
that
started
the
long
chain
of
kindness.
她说她就是那个发动这场慈善链式反应的神秘顾客。
The
traffic
accidents
led
to
a
chain
of
events.
交通事故引起了一连串的事件。
【词块积累】
a
chain
of
一系列;
一连串
in
chains
戴着镣铐;
在囚禁中
chain
vt.
用锁链拴住
【巧学助记】图文巧解chain
Many
links
can
make
up
a
chain.
很多链环能组成一条链子。
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
I
wish
to
have
a
chain
of
cafes
in
many
different
cities.
我希望在许多不同的城市拥有连锁咖啡馆。
【小词汇·大文化】
Never
put
off
the
chain
of
things
that
you
can
do
today
until
tomorrow.
今日事,
今日毕!
(不论做什么事情,
都不能等待,
不能将今天的任务推脱到明天。)
【即学活用】
(1)用chain的适当形式填空。
①They
were
brought
to
the
police
station
in
______.
②The
dog
was
_______
to
the
leg
of
the
one
solid
garden
seat.
(2)The
food
chain
is
the
order
in
which
animals
and
plants
eat
each
other
in
order
to
survive.
译:
_________________________彼此为食的秩序。
chains
chained
食物链就是动植物为了生存
3.
multiply
vi.
&vt.
乘;
增加;
繁殖
The
children
are
already
learning
to
multiply
and
divide.
孩子们已经在学习乘法和除法了。
A
recent
research
shows
that
cancer
cells
can
multiply
themselves
like
crazy
at
all
times.
一项近期的研究表明癌细胞一直都可以疯狂地繁殖。
We
have
multiple
solutions
which
can
well
deal
with
the
embarrassing
situation
present.
我们有许多办法可以摆脱目前的尴尬处境。
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·江苏高考)Naomi
heard
multiple
stops
and
starts,
Steve
struggling,
searching
while
his
wife
Joni
called
him
“honey”
and
encouraged
him.
娜奥米听到了好几次停下开始的声音,
史蒂夫挣扎着寻找着,
他的妻子乔妮叫他“亲爱的”,
并鼓励他。
【小词汇·大文化】
Knowledge
is
multiple
power.
知识就是力量。(无论社会怎么发展,
没有知识都寸步难行。)
【即学活用】
(1)
__________________,
one
tends
to
lose
confidence.
?
随着失败的增加,
一个人往往会失去信心。
(2)These
creatures
__________________.
?
这些生物能迅速繁殖。
As
failure
multiplies
can
multiply
quickly
4.
lay
eggs
下蛋
They
laid
eggs
too
and
existed
on
the
earth
for
more
than
140
million
years.
它们也下蛋,
在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
The
Long
March
laid
the
foundation
for
the
Party’s
victory.
长征为党的胜利奠定了基础。
Wages
have
been
frozen
and
workers
have
been
laid
off.
工资已被冻结,
工人也下岗了。
The
old
man
has
laid
down
his
office
to
make
way
for
a
younger
man.
这位老人为给一个年轻人让路,
辞去了他的职务。
【词块积累】
(1)lay
vt.
(laid,
laid,
laying)
把……放下;
摆放;
铺(地毯);
产(卵);
提出
(2)lay
aside
把……放在一边
lay
off
解雇;
停止使用
lay
down
放下
【易混辨析】
原形
释义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
撒谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺;
位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置,
下蛋
laid
laid
laying
【小词汇·大文化】
We
can
lay
our
home
where
the
heart
is.
心在哪里,
哪里就是家。(好男儿志在四方,
思想所至,
四海皆为家。)
【即学活用】
(1)用lie/lay的适当形式填空。
①Feeling
very
painful
in
the
left
leg,
I
could
hardly
move
and
just
___
on
the
frozen
road.
②Daniel
finished
the
article
and
____
the
newspaper
down
on
his
desk.
③But
on
the
way,
we
spotted
a
dog
_____
near
the
road
next
to
his
owner.
(2)He
___
on
the
bed,
and
____
to
us
that
his
hens
____
some
eggs.
他躺在床上,
向我们撒谎说他的鸡下蛋了。
lay
laid
lying
lay
lied
laid
5.
violent
adj.
猛烈的;
激烈的;
强暴的
Kids
shouldn’t
have
access
to
violent
films
because
they
might
imitate
the
things
they
see.
孩子们不应该看暴力电影,
因为他们可能会模仿看到的东西。
I
saw
there
were
two
instructors
on
board
and
a
man
lying
across
the
middle.
He
was
shaking
violently.
我看到船上有两个教练,
一位男子躺在中间。他浑身抖得厉害。
【词块积累】
(1)violently
adv.
猛烈地;
凶狠地
(2)violence
n.
暴力,
暴行;
激情
【巧学助记】图文记忆violent
Tom
was
in
violent
pain.
As
a
result,
he
behaved
violently
and
treated
everything
with
violence.
汤姆处于极度痛苦之中,
因此他表现得很粗暴,
一切都以暴力对待。
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·江苏高考)At
some
time
in
the
past
Yellowstone
must
have
blown
up
with
a
violence
far
beyond
the
scale
of
anything
known
to
humans.
在过去的某个时间,
黄石公园肯定发生过剧烈的爆炸,
其程度远远超出人们的想象。
【小词汇·大文化】
The
good
seaman
is
known
in
bad
weather
and
violent
sea.
惊涛骇浪,
方显英雄本色。(不经历风雨,
怎能见彩虹?
)
【即学活用】
(1)用violent的适当形式填空。
①She
shook
her
head
________.
②I
regret
to
tell
you
that
I
can’t
arrive
at
the
airport
as
planned
because
of
the
______
snow.
③Mandela
was
sentenced
to
five
years’
labor
for
encouraging
_______
against
anti-black
laws.
violently
violent
violence
(2)英译汉。
A
report
indicates
that
most
school
violent
incidents
between
students
begin
with
daily
small
matters.
译:
一项报告表明_____________________________________________
大部分的校园学生之间的暴力事件始于日常小事。
6.
give
birth
to产生;
分娩
The
scientist’s
experiments
gave
birth
to
a
new
drug.
那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。
Kate,
the
Duchess
of
Cambridge,
gave
birth
to
a
healthy
baby
boy
on
Monday.
剑桥公爵夫人凯特在周一诞下一个健康的男婴。
At
birth,
most
babies
weigh
between
6
and
8
pounds.
大多数婴儿出生时的体重在6磅到8磅之间。
【词块积累】
at
birth
出生时
by
birth
天生地
【即学活用】
(1)写出黑体部分的词义。
①It
was
the
study
of
history
that
gave
birth
to
the
social
sciences.
(
)
②It
is
said
that
Mrs
Green
gave
birth
to
the
twins
five
years
ago.
(
)
(2)Gene
technology
can
help
people
to
give
birth
to
healthier
and
cleverer
children.
译:
基因技术_____________________________________
产生
分娩
能帮助人们生育更健康、更聪明的孩子。
7.
in
one’s
turn
轮到某人
This
week
I
am
to
do
the
housework
in
my
turn.
这一周该我做家务了。
Now,
it’s
my
turn
to
tell
you
about
the
Chinese
school
system.
现在,
轮到我来告诉你中国的学校制度了。
【词块积累】
by
turns
轮流;
交替
in
turn
依次;
反过来
take
turns
轮流;
依次
It’s
one’s
turn
to
do
sth.
轮到某人做某事
【即学活用】
(1)
At
the
class
meeting,
we
___________________,
sharing
our
opinions.
在班
会上,
我们依次发言,
分享我们的看法。
?
(2)
All
the
players
________________their
works
of
paper
cutting.
所有选手轮
流展示他们的剪纸作品。?
(3)It
______________on
duty
today.
今天该我值班了。?
made
speeches
in
turn
take
turns
to
show
is
my
turn
to
be
8.
puzzle
n.
谜;
难题v.
(使)迷惑;
(使)为难
How
life
began
on
earth
is
one
of
the
biggest
puzzles
that
scientists
found
hard
to
solve.
地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。
What
puzzles
them
is
that
it
is
difficult
to
adapt
themselves
to
senior
English
study.
使他们困惑的是很难使自己适应高级英语学习。
【词块积累】
(1)puzzle
over/about
sth.
苦苦思索/仔细琢磨……
puzzle
sth.
out
琢磨出……的答案
a
puzzle
to
sb.
某人不懂;
对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzled
adj.
迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)
puzzling
adj.
令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)
(3)puzzlement
n.
迷惑
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·江苏高考)
What
puzzled
Christiansen
when
he
was
studying
Yellowstone?
是什么使克里斯琴森在研究黄石公园时感到困惑?
【即学活用】
(1)用puzzle的适当形式填空。
①Do
remember
to
turn
to
me
whenever
you
feel
_______.
②It
was
completely
________
and
no
one
knew
why.
③He
says
many
people
there
__________by
his
strong
love
for
cycling.
?
(2)She
had
_____________on
her
face.
她一脸迷惑的表情。?
puzzled
puzzling
are
puzzled
a
puzzled
look
【拓视野·观天下】
1.
The
central
government
has
allocated
a
special
fund
of
100
billion
yuan
to
provide
assistance
for
workers
laid
off
from
overcapacity
cuts,
and
also
has
asked
local
governments
to
set
up
matching
funds.
中央财政安排了1000亿元专项资金用于员工转岗安置,
并且要求地方政府设立配套资金。
2.
After
Chang’e
4
successfully
landed
on
the
Von
Karman
Crater,
the
Yutu
2
rover
obtained
good
quality
spectral
data
at
two
sites,
Li
said.
“The
data,
unlike
that
obtained
by
Yutu
on
the
near
side
of
the
moon,
gave
us
a
pleasant
surprise.
”
在嫦娥四号成功着陆于冯·卡门撞击坑之后,
玉兔二号月球车在两处地点获得了高质量的光谱数据,
李说:
“这些数据与玉兔号在月球近地面获得的数据不同,
给了我们很大的惊喜。”
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
He
is
said
to
be
the
founder
of
modern
__________(天文学),
but
he
resulted
as
a
devoted
________(宗教的)
follower.
2.
Two
further
aspects
of
the
_____(太阳的)
system
are
notable,
which
later
help
inspire
some
famous
_______(理论).
3.
Due
to
his
devotion
to
the
task,
a
_____(系列的)
of
_______(难题)
cleared
up
instantly,
but
there
are
still
some
dangers
_______(存在)
so
far.
astronomy
religious
solar
theories
chain
puzzles
existing
4.
With
the
financial
problem
going
worse,
only
by
uniting
_______(十亿)
of
residents
can
we
solve
the
crisis
on
the
_____(地球).
5.
There
is
a
horrible
message
that
a
______(猛烈的)
storm
is
on
the
way,
so
we
should
make
enough
preparations,
or
we
will
suffer
chains
of
________(有害的)
results.
billions
globe
violent
harmful
Ⅱ.
选词填空
give
birth
to,
be
fundamental
to,
be
harmful
to,
in
one’s
turn,
in
time,
prevent.
.
.
from,
lay
eggs,
come
into
existence,
be
likely
to,
solar
system
1.
Marx’s
ideas
___________communism,
which
led
to
the
final
success
of
several
countries.
?
2.
Here
is
how
Copernicus
summed
up
his
picture
of
the
___________.
?
3.
It
is
said
that
moderate
exercise
_______________good
health.
?
gave
birth
to
solar
system
is
fundamental
to
4.
It
appears
that
our
proposals
___________fall
flat,
but
we
should
still
try
our
best.
?
5.
The
doctor
said
such
food
would
____________people.
?
6.
Can
you
show
me
when
the
world
_________________?
?
7.
Please
get
on
___________according
to
your
ticket
number.
?
8.
In
spring
,
this
species
returns
to
the
fresh
water
stream
to
_______.
?
9.
He
announced
that
bad
weather
wouldn’t
_______
him
_____
starting.
10.
You
are
expected
to
finish
the
work
______.
?
are
likely
to
be
harmful
to
came
into
existence
in
your
turn
lay
eggs
prevent
from
in
time
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
_______________most
is
what
I
should
pay
attention
to
when
choosing
majors.
最使我困惑的是选专业的时候我该注意什么。?
2.
____________what
is
the
cause
of
changing
his
idea.
?
他改变主意的原因不清楚。
3.
The
aim
of
this
report
is
____________________visiting
the
Great
Wall.
这次
报告会的目的是分享关于长城之旅的看法。?
What
puzzles
me
It
is
not
clear
to
share
opinions
about
4.
Having
enough
sleep
can
____________________to
perform
well
in
the
exam.
充足的睡眠可以使我们在考试中发挥好。?
5.
His
lessons
are
________________we
are
impressed
with
them.
?
他的课如此有趣以至于给我们留下了深刻的印象。
6.
_______________parents
have
a
deep
influence
on
their
children.
很明显,
父
母对孩子影响深远。?
make
it
possible
for
us
so
interesting
that
It
is
obvious
that
课文语法填空
The
earth
was
just
a
cloud
of
1.
____(dusty)
after
the
“Big
Bang”.
The
earth
exploded
loudly
2.
____
fire
and
rock.
They
were
in
time
to
produce
many
things,
which
were
to
make
the
earth’s
atmosphere.
As
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
3.
_________(appear)
on
its
surface.
It
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
4.
________(harm)
gases.
Then
life
began
to
develop.
?
dust
with
to
appear
harmful
Small
plants
5.
_________(multiply)
and
filled
the
oceans
and
seas
with
oxygen.
This
encouraged
the
6.
___________(develop)
of
early
shellfish
and
fish.
Land
animals
such
as
insects,
reptiles
and
dinosaurs
appeared
after
green
plants
appeared.
Small
clever
animals
7.
_______(quick)
spread
all
over
the
earth.
They
are
putting
too
much
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere,
8.
______
prevents
heat
from
9.
________(escape)
from
the
earth
into
space.
Whether
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
millions
of
years
to
come
will
depend
on
whether
this
problem
can
10.
________(solve).
?
multiplied
development
quickly
which
escaping
be
solved
