人教（2019）版高中英语必修一 unit 5 Languages Around the World 知识点+练习word版（含答案）

Unit
5
Languages
Around
the
World
Period
I
Listening
and
Speaking
&
Reading
and
Thinking
refer
(________,
_________;
__________)
vi.
提到；参考；查阅
vt.
查询；叫...求助于
_____________
n.
参考；涉及；提及
动词短语：
refer
______
指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer
to...
_______...
将......称为......
名词短语：
_______/_______
reference
______
（所述内容）关于
reference
book
参考书；工具书
答案：referred;
referred;
referring;
to;
as;
in;
with;
to
练习：
When
I
said
some
people
were
stupid,
I
wasn’t
_________
(refer)
to
you.
He
gave
the
speech
without
___________(refer)
to
his
hotel.
You’d
better
write
down
the
phone
number
of
that
restaurant
for
future
________(refer).
He
likes
to
be
referred
to
___________
“Doctor
Wu”.
答案：referring;
referring;
reference;
as
based
adj.
以（某事）为基础的；以......为重要部分（或特征）的
_________
vt.
以......为据点；把（总部等）设在（常用于被动语态）；以......为基础
n.
底部；基地；底座；基础；基础成分
_________
adj.
基础的；基本的；根本的
be
based
_______...
总部位于......
base..._____/______=be
based
______/_______
以......为基础；以......为根据
答案：base;
basic;
in;
on;
upon;
on;
upon
练习：
Where
is
your
company
__________(base)
in?
Their
marketing
strategy
___________(base)
on
a
study
of
consumer
spending.
I
attended
a
course
in
________(base)
computer
skills.
The
film
is
based
________
a
famous
novel.
答案：based;
is
based;
basic;
on/upon
date
back
(to...)
追溯于；始于
date
back
to相当于date
from，只能用于主动语态，不能用于被动语态和进行时，但可用其v-ing形式作定语、补语或状语等；谈论现存的某物或建筑时，虽然其可能出现或建造于过去某一时期，但仍用一般现在时。
date
back
to
后面接一个具体的时间，而date
back后面接时间段。
注意：date
from和date
back
to在高考中常考查非谓语动词形式dating
from/dating
back
to，在剧中多作状语或定语。
Dating
from
1980s,
our
friendship
gave
both
of
us
pleasure.
date
n.
日期；约会
vt.
确定年代；写上日期；与（某人）谈恋爱
vi.
过时
_______/_______
a
date
for
确定......日期
______
______
date
过时
______
______
date
最新的；时髦的
答案：fix;
set;
out;
of;
up
to
练习：
In
China,
the
compass
_________(date)
back
thousands
of
years.
Every
year,
a
great
many
visitors
come
to
visit
the
temple
________(date)
from
the
12th
century,
which
has
brought
a
large
income.
This
family
tradition
________
hundreds
of
years.
The
church
____________
the
18th
century.
答案：dates;
dating;
dates
back;
dates
back
to
symbol
n.[C]
符号；象征
___________
adj.
象征性的
___________
vt.
象征；代表；用符号表示
答案：symbolic;
symbolise
易混辨析：symbol,
signal,
sign与mark
易混词
含义
例句
symbol
n.象征；符号
The
whale,
like
the
dolphin,
has
become
a
symbol
of
the
marvels
of
creation.
signal
n.信号；暗号
At
an
agreed
signal
they
left
the
room.
sign
n.标牌；迹象
The
gloomy
weather
shows
no
sign
of
improving.
mark
n.（显示质量、制造者或所有者等的）标记
Any
piece
of
silver
bearing
his
mark
is
extremely.
variety
n.
[C]
（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；种类；品种；[U]
多样化；变化
__________
v.
相异；不同；变化；改变
__________
adj.各种各样
各种各样的（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词的数根据所修饰的名词判定）
__________________________________
the
variety
_____...
......的种类（后接名词复数，做主语时谓语用单数）
a
variety
of/varieties
of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词时，名词前不加冠词。variety可用wide，great，large等词修饰。
答案：vary;
various;
a
variety
of/varieties
of;
of
major
adj.
主要的；重要的；大的
a
major
road
________
the
major
portion
_________
a
major
operation
_________
n.
主修课程；主修科目；主修学生
Her
major
is
French.
She’s
a
French
major.
vi.
主修；专门研究
major
________
sth.
主修
____________
n.
大部分；大多数
be
in
the
___________
占（大）多数
答案：干道；主要的部分；大手术；in;
majority;
majority
练习：
Among
the
members
of
the
committee
those
who
favoured
the
proposed
changes
are
in
_____
majority,
so
the
scheme
was
passed.
The
student,
__________(major)
in
economics
at
college,
made
a
comment
on
this
matter.
She
__________(major)
in
management.
That
is,
her
major
is
management.
答案：the;
majoring;
majors
means
n.
方式；方法；途径；手段；工具
注意：means单复数同形，注意其作主语时谓语动词数的变化。
常用搭配：
___________________________
通过......手段/方法
___________________________
当然可以；一定，务必，无论如何
___________________________
想方设法
__________________________=_______________________
决不（放在句首时句子部分倒装）
_________________________=_______________________
用这种方法
答案：by
means
of;
by
all
means;
by
any
means;
by
no
means;
not
by
any
means;
by
this
means;in
this
way
练习：
用means的相关短语填空
____________________
he
gained
some
time,
and
also
the
favour
of
chief.
He
made
lots
of
money
___________________
working
hard.
I’ll
forgive
you
this
time,
but
you
shall
_____________________
make
the
mistake
again.
__________________________
ought
we
to
ignore
our
mistakes.
答案：By
this
means;
by
means
of;
by
no
means;
By
no
means
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
My
friend
Jack
succeeded
in
his
teaching
career
________
means
of
determination
and
confidence.
Every
possible
means
__________(have)
been
tried,
but
we
find
only
_______
this
way
can
we
do
it
well.
答案：by;
has;
in
用approach,
means,
way或manner填空
To
scare
a
bird
is
not
the
_________
to
catch
it.
A
new
____________
to
the
treatment
of
cancer
was
discovered
recently.
Several
____________
of
transportation
are
available
to
you.
Why
are
you
talking
in
such
a
strange
___________?
Three
different
_________
to
the
study
of
maths
were
discussed
by
our
group
after
the
final
class
of
yesterday.
答案：way;
approach;
means;
manner;
approaches
appreciate
vt.
欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi.
增值（不用于进行时）
________________
n.
欣赏；感激
appreciate
____________
sth.
对做某事感激
appreciate
sb/one’s
_________
sth.
感激某人做某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if
...
如果......，我将不胜感激
注意：appreciate与thank都表示“感激”。appreciate后接事物或动作行为；thank后接人。
答案：appreciation；doing;
doing
练习：
None
of
us
appreciate
____________(make)
fun
of
in
our
daily
life.
I’d
like
to
show
my
____________(appreciate)
for
everything
you’ve
done.
I’d
appreciate
_________
if
you
could
help
me
with
my
English.
I
really
appreciate
your
__________(call)
back
this
afternoon.
答案：being
made;
appreciation;
it;
calling
长难句
Over
the
years,
the
system
developed
into
different
forms,
as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided
geographically,
leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
现在分词（短语）作结果状语
现在分词（短语）作结果状语时，放在句末，常用逗号和前面隔开，与句子主语是逻辑上的主动关系，表示自然而然的结果。现在分词（短语）前可加副词thus。
注意：动词不定式（短语）作结果状语时常常表示出乎意料的结果，且经常在不定式（短语）前加only或never，用来强调惊讶或失望。从结构上来看，不定式（短语）前通常用逗号与前面隔开。常见的有only
to
find...（结果发现......）和only
to
be
told...（结果被告知......）。
练习：
He
hurried
back,
only
__________(find)
that
his
mother
had
left.
Peter
hurried
to
the
station,
only
____________(tell)
that
the
train
had
left.
It
rained
heavily,
___________(cause)
severe
flooding
in
that
country.
The
song
is
sung
all
over
the
country,
___________(make)
it
the
most
popular
song.
He
got
up
late
and
hurried
to
his
office,
____________
(leave)
the
breakfast
untouched.
答案：to
find;
to
be
told;
causing;
making;
leaving
Even
today,
no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak,
they
can
still
communicate
in
writing.
“no
matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句，意为“不管/无论......”，可与“疑问词+-ever”互换。
no
matter
who=whoever
no
matter
which=whichever
no
matter
what=whatever
no
matter
when=whenever
no
matter
where=wherever
no
matter
how=however
注意：“no
matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句；“疑问词+-ever”既可以引导状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anyone
who，anybody
who；whatever相当于anything
that。在这种情况下，whoever，whatever相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”。
练习：
One
can
always
manage
to
do
more
things,
no
matter
_________
full
one’s
schedule
is
in
life.
Readers
will
benefit
from
this
book,
no
matter
__________
they
come
from
and
what
they
believe
in.
____________
we
do,
we
must
be
careful.
____________
you
go,
I
will
be
right
here
waiting
for
you.
答案：how;
where;
Whatever;
Wherever
Period
II
Discovering
Useful
Structures
&
Listening
and
Talking
struggle
n.
[C]
斗争；奋斗；搏斗；挣扎；努力
a
struggle
________
为了......的斗争
v.
斗争；奋斗；拼搏；搏斗；艰难地（向某处）行进；挣扎；努力
struggle
________(do)
sth.
努力做某事；艰难地做某事
struggle
_________
与......作斗争；在......的（不利）情况下挣扎
struggle
_________
为......而斗争/挣扎；争抢......
struggle
_________
与......搏斗/斗争
struggle
to
one’s
feet
__________________
struggle
___________
艰难地走过/渡过
答案：for;
to
do;
against;
for;
with;
挣扎着站起来;
through
练习：用struggle相关短语的正确形式填空。
Unluckily,
the
famous
have
suffered
a
heavy
drought
this
year.
They
have
to
______
a
living.
They
are
____________
the
bad
weather
for
a
better
harvest.
Anyway,
they
are
___________
increase
their
income.
However,
the
financial
crisis
adds
to
their
difficulties.
As
a
result,
they
have
to
face
the
____________
existence.
答案：struggle
for;
struggling
with;
struggling
to;
struggle
for
长难句
...the
more
I
learnt
of
a
language,
the
more
my
brain
would
grow.
“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”意为“越......，越......”
The
more
you
learn,
the
more
you
know.
练习：
The
more
fat
you
take
in
before
bedtime,
the
________(great)
burden
you
will
put
on
your
body
at
night.
The
__________(positive)
an
article
was,
the
more
likely
it
was
to
be
shared,
as
Dr
Berger
explains
in
his
new
book.
_______
more
learned
a
man
is,
________
more
modest
he
usually
becomes.
答案：greater;
more
positive;
The;
the
Don’t
you
like
to
have
somebody
tell
you
if
the
pants
look
good
or
not?
使役动词have的常见用法
have+宾语+do
“让......做某事”
have+宾语+doing
“让......一直做某事；容忍......做某事（多用在否定句中）”
“have+宾语+done”
“使......被......；遭遇了......”
练习：
Claire
had
her
luggage
____________(check)
an
hour
before
her
plane
left.
While
brushing
your
teeth,
please
do
not
have
the
water
________(run)
all
the
time.
You’d
better
have
your
bad
tooth
___________(pull)
out.
答案：checked;
running;
pulled
That’s
what
I
mean
by
plants!
what引导的表语从句
what可以引导表语从句，在从句中可以作主语、表语、宾语等。
Period
III
Reading
for
Writing
equal
______________
n.
[U]
平等
______________
adv.
相同地；平均地
______________
adj.
不平等的；不相等的
1）n.
同等的人；相等物
without
equal
最杰出；首屈一指
2）adj.
相同的；同样的；平等的；能胜任的
be
equal
_______
sth.
相当于某事物
be
equal
to
(doing)
sth.
能胜任（做）某事
3）v.
等于；与......相等；比得上
常用搭配：
equal
sb./sth.
(______...)
（在......方面）比得上某人/某物
答案：equality;
equally;
unequal;
to;
in
练习：
Though
he
is
equal
to
them
in
height,
no
one
can
equal
him
________
playing
basketball.
Anyone,
whether
he
is
an
official
or
a
bus
driver,
should
be
_________(equal)
respected.
He
is
very
angry,
because
he
feels
that
he
received
__________(equal)
treatment.
We
Chinese
people
have
persistently
urged
the
__________(equal)
of
nations,
big
or
small.
答案：in;
equally;
unequal;
equality
demand
__________________
adj.
要求高的；苛求的；费力的
n.
要求；需求
常用搭配：
a
demand
_______
对......的需求
_________/__________
one’s
demands
满足某人的需求
_____
demand
需求大的；受欢迎的
vt.
强烈要求；需要
vi.
查问
常见用法：
demand
___________sth.
要求做某事
demand
that...
要求......（从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略）
答案：demanding;
for;
satisfy;
meet;
in;
to
do
练习：
She
burst
into
the
manager’s
office
and
demanded
__________(speak)
to
him.
The
workers
demanded
that
their
salaries
____________(raise).
She
demanded
_________(tell)
everything
about
it.
There
have
been
demands
_____________the
prime
minister
to
resign.
答案：to
speak;
(should)
be
raised;
to
be
hold;
for
relate
v.
把......联系起来；使有联系；讲述；叙述
_____________
adj.
（不）相关的
______________
n.
亲戚；（事物之间的）关系；（常用复数）（国家、公司、组织等之间的）（正式）关系；联系，交往
________________
n.
（人与团体之间的）关系；关联
动词短语：
relate
sth.
_______
sth.
将某一事物与另一事物联系起来
relate
_______
sb/sth
谈到/涉及某人/某事；理解；体恤
relate
sth.
________
sb
和某人讲述/叙述某事
形容词短语：
be
(un)related
_______
与......（不）相关
名词短语：
a
_______/________/________
relation
近亲/远亲
_________
_________
(all)
relations
with
one’s
family
与某人的家庭断绝（一切）联系
in
relation
________
关于；涉及
答案：(un)related;
relation;
relationship;
to;
to;
close;
near;
distant;
break
off;
to
练习：
People
usually
_________
happiness
to
money,
which
is
quite
wrong.
An
experienced
journalist
will
not
come
up
with
________
questions
when
covering
reports.
The
mother-daughter
_________
is
always
a
closer
bond
among
all
human
links.
Latest
development
in
_________
to
the
disease
will
be
discussed
in
detail
in
next
chapter.
We
want
to
shock
people
into
realizing
that
many
smokers
die
all
too
soon
from
illness
and
diseases
_________
to
smoking.
答案：relate;
unrelated;
relationship;
relation;
related
长难句
When
I
listen
to
native
English
speakers
talking
in
a
video,
I
can
catch
only
a
few
words.
“感官动词（短语）+宾语+宾补”
常见的感官动词（短语）有：feel,
listen
to/hear,
look
at/see/watch/notice等。用法如下：
后面接不带to的不定式作宾补时，强调动作的整个过程或动作经常发生。
后面接现在分词作宾补时，强调动作正在进行。
后面接过去分词作宾补时，表示跟宾语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
需要注意的是，当感官动词（短语）接不带to的宾语补足语用于被动语态时，to要还原。
练习：
当我们看到路被大雪封住后，我们决定在家度过这个假期。
When
we
saw
the
road
___________(block)
with
snow,
we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
我喜欢看猴子爬树。
I
love
to
watch
the
monkeys
___________(climb)
the
tree.
有人注意到那个黑发男子离开了房子。
The
dark-haired
man
was
noticed
___________
(leave)
the
house.
我听到有人敲了三次门。
I
heard
someone
____________
(knock)
at
the
door
three
times.
无论何时我遇到麻烦，我都能听到脑海中有一个声音在说“你能行”。
Whenever
I’m
in
trouble,
I
hear
a
voice
__________(ring)
in
my
head
“You
can
do
it”.
经理想看到他的计划被可能快地执行。
The
manager
would
like
to
see
his
plan
_________(carry)
out
as
soon
as
possible.
答案：blocked;
climb;
to
leave;
knock;
ringing;
carried
My
biggest
headache
is
how
to
be
polite
in
English.
“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构的用法
“who/which/what/how/when/where+不定式”结构有名词的性质，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语等。
注意：
此结构作主语时常后置，用it作形式主语。
It
hasn’t
been
decided
when
to
hold
the
meeting.
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可以转换成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
The
young
man
didn’t
know
how
he
can
solve
the
problem.
=The
young
man
didn’t
know
how
to
solve
the
problem.