中考英语语法之---被动语态 课件（38张PPT）

语态是 词的一种形式，表示的是 和 之间的关系。
英语中的语态有两种： 语态和 语态:
当主语是谓语的 时，用主动语态.对应语文的 句。
当主语是谓语的 时，用被动语态。对应语文的 句。
汉语中常用“ ”等词来表示被动，而英语中则用“ ”来表示。 　　
Example:
We clean the classroom every day.
我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
教室每天都被(我们)打扫。
一.被动语态的概念
动
主语
谓语
主动
被动
执行者
承受者
被，给 ，由，受
be +动词的过去分词
把字
被字
二. 标志词： .
by
判断：主动语 态 ( A )/被动语态( B );被动语态要划出动词部分．
1）Millie and Amy took the little cat to the animal center yesterday.
2）The 79-year-old man was saved out of a fire last year.
3）This kind of cake is called mooncake.
4）People use a keyboard to type information into the computer.
5）The windows in our classroom
are cleaned once a week.
A
A
B
B
B
语态判断练习：
[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken
解析：根据标志词 判定此处要使被动语态: ；根据英语被越来越多的全世界人学习判定是一般现在时.所以
根据主语 选择be 动词 is； speak 使用过去分词形式 ，所以现在B。
by
be + done
English
spoken
典型例题 8B
[2]. The lost boy ____ by the police at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
解析：根据标志词 判定此处要使被动语态: ；根据标志词last night判定是一般过去时.所以，根据主语 选择be 动词 was； find 使用过去分词形式 ，所以现在A。
by
be + done
The lost boy
found
典型例题 8B
1） 一般现在时态的基本结构：
。


2）一般过去时态的基本结构：
。)
is collected
were taken
am/ is /are + done(过去分词)
三.被动语态常见时态基本结构：
was/ were +done(过去分词
Rubbish ____ ______(collect) every morning.
Two men _____ _____(take) to hospital last night.
3）现在完成时的被动语态结构:
主语+ +其他.如：
　
have/has +been done
4）一般将来时的被动语态：
主语+ + 其他 如：
The homework will be finished in two hours
5）情态动词的被动语态：
will/shall +be done
They have been built for 60 years.
主语+ +其他.如：
The homework must be finished today.
can,may,must +be done
1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执
行者时。例如：
Such books are written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
Football is played all over the world．
2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如：
My bike was stolen．
我的自行车被盗了。
四 什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？
3、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …
4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。如：
Tina is asked to come by Paul．
Tina是被Paul叫来的。
5、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：
He was born in October，1989．
总之，有 ，可以用主动语态也可以使用被动语态；

没有 ，只能使用被动语态表达。
动作的执行者
动作执行者
五 主动语态变被动语态
第一步：被动语态的主语就是主动语态的宾语。
第二步：谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式“be+过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。
第三步： 被动语态的by 宾语就是主动语态的主语由主格形式变为宾格形式。（有时by+原主语可省）
第四步：时间、地点状语等不变。
主变被四步曲
Tree Planting Day
on March 12th
We plant trees on March 12th.
Trees
are planted
by us.
On March 12th.
They built a new bridge last year.
A new bridge
was built
by them.
last year.
填空（完成被动语态填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .

is
cleaned
was given by
Practice

把主动语态变为被动语态：
1.People grow rice in many parts of China.
2. She held a charity show yesterday.
Rice is grown by people in many parts of China.
A charity show was held by her yesterday.
Practice
带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把 变为
被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。
如把 变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加
或 。
六 主语+谓语+双宾语的句式转换
间接宾语
直接宾语
for
to
【考点】
give sb. sth.
pass sb. sth.
sell sb. sth.
lend sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
make sb. sth.
buy sb. sth.
Sth be given to sb.
Sth. be passed to sb.
Sth. be sold to sb.
Sth. be lent to sb.
Sth. be brought to sb.
Sth. be made for sb.
Sth. be bought for sb.
主动
被动
如：
He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him.
－A book was given to me by Tom.
I bought him a book.
－He was bought a book by me.
－A book was buoght for him by me.
The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.
we were given
were
to us
given
Practice
They take good care of my child.
I turned off the radio.
注意 1：含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,短语要完整，不能掉了介词
-----My child is taken good care of .
---The radio was turned off (by me).
look for
look after
take care of
hand in
laugh at
speak to
be looked for
be looked after
be taken care of
be handed in
be laughed at
be spoken to
常见不要漏掉介词：
Children should ___.
A. take good care of
B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of
解析：固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的 或 。
Practice
介词
副词
注意 2：有些不及物动词没有被动语态：
, ， .
happen
take place
appear
被动
某事需要被做
All the computers need repairing . =
All the computers .
need to be repaired
need to be +done
注意 3： need 表示需要时，后面加doing 表示 含义

need doing = 意是 。
Your bike ___.
A. needs repair
B. needs repairing
C. needs to repair
解析：need可以用-ing形式表示被动含义
need to be done = 。
Practice
need doing
【考点】
sb be asked to do
sb be told to do
sb be invited to do
sb be chosen to do
sb be encouraged to do
sb be allowed to do
ask sb. to do
tell sb. to do
invite sb. to do
choose sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do
主动
被动
注意 4：主动语态为带to的动词不定式
Mum told me to stay at home. =
I was told to stay at home.
注意 5：系动词, 其 形式含有 意义。如:
等。
e.g. 1 .
这道菜闻起来很香。
2 .
这段音乐听起来不错。
The dish smells good
The music sounds nice
smell, taste, sound, feel
主动语态
被动
3 Good medicine ___ better to the mouth.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste
解析：感官动词, 用主动语态表被动.
注意 6：还有一些不及物动词,和 等副词连用,常用 形式, 表达 。如: 等。
e.g. 1 这些书很畅销。
2 .
这支笔写起来很顺滑。
well, easily
主动语态
被动意义
read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook , clean
The books sell well.
The pen writes smoothly
3 This pen ___ well.
A. is sold B. sell C. sells
解析：sell,write等动词用主动语态表被动.well easily可以理解为是事物自身的性质属性well easily ，所以用主动形式表达被动意义。
注意 7：在 动词和 动词的主动语态句式中, 动词不定式的 常省去, 但是在 语态中要加上to。
They make us do all the work.
---We are made to do all the work by them.
We often hear her sing songs.
---She is often heard to sing songs by us.
感官
使役
to
被动
【考点】
make sb. do
let sb. do
see sb. do
hear sb. do
watch sb. do
sb be made to do
sb be let to do
sb be seen to do
sb be heard to do
sb be watched to do
主动
被动
口诀： 。（ …)
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来
let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear,notice
The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish litter everywhere.
A. was made; was seen to throw
B. was made to; was seen to throw
C. made; saw
Practice
一 用动词的被动语态填空:
English ____________(speak) by many people.
The trees _______________(plant) by them yesterday.
That building _________(build) two years ago.
This kind of computer ________(make) in China.
The games __________(sell) in may shops.
is spoken
were planted
was built
is made
are sold
基础练习题
二 用所给动词的被动语态填空:
1) your room ________ (clean) every day?
2) Our classroom __________ ( not clean ) yesterday.
3) Both of the two books __________ ( lose) last Sunday.
4) The students ___________ ( ask ) to hand in their homework on time every day.
5) ---When this kind of computer
(make) in Hong Kong?
--- In 2000.
Is cleaned
wasn’t cleaned
were lost
are asked
was
made
抓关键词确定时态!
1. The photos _______ when I was young.
A. were taken B. was taken
C. are taken D. is taken
2. Millie is my best friend. I ___ often ____ to her party.
A. is invited B. am invited
C. are invited D. was invited
3. Last year Beijing ____ by a big sandstorm.
A. is hit B. were hit
C. will be hit D. was hit
三 单项选择
1 We ________(sweep) the floor every day. =
The floor_________(sweep) by us every day.
sweep
is swept
四 同义句转换
2 They ________(plant) the trees yesterday. =
The trees____ _____(palnt) by them yesterday.
planted
were planted
3 He ________(build) the house last year. =
The house_________(build) by him last year.
built
was built
4 David ________(repair) the car an hour ago. =
The car___ ______(repair) by David an hour ago.
repaired
was repaired
典型例题 8B
解析：此处考察了not … untill…, until 从句用 表示将来在 语态中的使
用。其完整表达:
所以选择 D。
一般现在时
We Won`t go and play basketball until the work is finished tomorrow.
（ ）1--- When shall we go and play basketball ?
--- Not until the work tomorrow.
A will finish B have finished C will be finished D is finished
D
被动
典型例题 8B
( )2 --- In our English class , we express our opinions freely.
--- That`s good. This is the best way to practise the language you learn.
A are allowed to B allow to C are allowed D allow
sb be asked to do
sb be told to do
sb be invited to do
sb be chosen to do
sb be encouraged to do
sb be allowed to do
ask sb. to do
tell sb. to do
invite sb. to do
choose sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do
主动
被动
解析：常见类似搭配
A
典型例题 8B
( )1 English in many countries, but the Chinese their own language.
A speaks; spoken B is spoken; is spoken C is spoken; speak D is spoken; speaks
C
解析：speak+ ；第一个空是 语态中的使用； 第二个空是在 语态
中的使用
某种语言
被动
主动
（ ）2 The cute girl the song at 9:00 yesterday evening.
A heard to sing B was heard to sing C heard singing D was heard singing
B
解析：在 动词和 动词的主动语态句式中, 动词不定式的
常省去, 但是在 语态中要加上to。常见如下：
感官
使役
to
被动
make sb. do
let sb. do
see sb. do
hear sb. do
watch sb. do
sb be made to do
sb be let to do
sb be seen to do
sb be heard to do
sb be watched to do
主动
被动
典型例题 8B
典型例题 8B
（ ）3---What just now?
--- A car hit Jack and he to a hospital at once .

A was happened; was sent B happened; was sent
C happened ; sent D was happened; sent
B
解析：有些不及物动词没有被动语态：
, ， .
happen
take place
appear
（ ）4 Last year, many people with eye problems , in the southern villages.
A were operated; most B were operated on ; mostly
C operated on ; mostly D were operated on; most
B
解析：含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,短语要完整，不能掉了介词。常见如下：
look for
look after
take care of
hand in
laugh at
speak to
be looked for
be looked after
be taken care of
be handed in
be laughed at
be spoken to
常见不要漏掉介词：
典型例题 8B
典型例题 8B
（ ）5 He Some pieces of advice, but he them.
A was given; didn`t take B was given; wasn`t taken
D gave; didn1t take C gives; wasn`t taken
A
（ ）6Some pieces of advice him, but he them.
A was given to ; didn`t take B was given; wasn`t taken
D gave; didn1t take C gives; wasn`t taken
A
解析：带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把 变为被动语态的主语，则另一
个不动。
如把 变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 或 。

常见如下：
间接宾语
直接宾语
for
to
典型例题 8B
give sb. sth.
pass sb. sth.
sell sb. sth.
lend sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
make sb. sth.
buy sb. sth.
Sth be given to sb.
Sth. be passed to sb.
Sth. be sold to sb.
Sth. be lent to sb.
Sth. be brought to sb.
Sth. be made for sb.
Sth. be bought for sb.
主动
被动
爽宾语直接宾语提前常见搭配如下：