(共50张PPT)
UNIT
3
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
素养导航
主题语境——人与自然 环境保护
如果将气候行动比作一场比赛,那么气候变化的速度现在比我们快,我们需要更大的决心来应对这一挑战,因为这是一场我们能够而且必须获胜的比赛。
Climate
Change:A
Race
We
Must
Win
We
face
a
new
era
of
climate
crisis.July
2019
is
the
hottest
month
on
record,and
we
are
on
track
for
2015
to
2019
to
be
the
five
hottest
years
in
human
history.The
level
of
CO2
in
the
atmosphere
is
at
its
highest
point
in
human
history;climate-related
devastations
strike
more
often
than
ever,with
droughts,hurricanes,heatwaves
and
landslides
regularly
attacking
our
planet,causing
huge
economic
loss
to
countries
and
to
individuals①,particularly
affecting
the
most
vulnerable(脆弱的)
in
societies.
The
clock
is
ticking.According
to
the
Intergovernmental
Panel
on
Climate
Change(联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会),we
need
to
collectively
ensure
that
global
temperature
rise
does
not
go
beyond
1.5
degrees.This
means
we
must
reduce
emissions(排放)
by
45
percent
by
2030
and
achieve
carbon
neutrality(中立)
by
2050.
Faced
with
this
reality,it
is
impossible
to
ignore②
that
human
development
can
flourish③
only
if
the
natural
world
flourishes.This
is
the
premise(前提)
of
the
UN’s
Sustainable
Development
Goals
that
have
become
more
urgent
looking
forward
to
the
next
decade.How
can
we
as
the
global
community
work
together
as
one?
As
the
second
largest
economy
in
the
world,China
has
played
a
critical
part
in
committing④
to
the
Paris
Agreement
and
its
leadership
and
commitment
is
crucial
in
achieving
the
goals.The
country
has
made
remarkable⑤
progress
in
developing
its
green
economy,with
more
than
125
billion
dollars’
investment
in
renewable
energy
in
2017.New
renewable
energy
jobs
in
China
now
outnumber
those
created
in
the
oil
and
gas
industries.
As
the
global
challenge
that
does
not
respect
national
borders,climate
change
is
an
issue
that
requires
solutions
to
be
coordinated
at
the
international
level,with
a
demand
for
all
developed
countries
taking
up
greater
responsibilities,and
for
developing
countries
moving
toward
low-carbon
economy.In
the
meantime,as
the
world’s
most
populous
country
and
one
of
the
largest
carbon
emitters,China
can
play
an
even
more
vital
role
in
tackling
global
climate
change
by
maximizing
its
enormous
potential
for
emission
reduction
and
accelerating⑥
the
current
positive.?
Climate
change
is
running
faster
than
we
are
and
we
need
to
have
a
much
more
ambitious
approach
in
what
we
do
in
order
to
defeat
climate
change—as
this
is
a
race
that
we
can
and
must
win.
词海拾贝
①individual
n.个人
②ignore
v.忽视
③flourish
v.繁荣
④commit
v.承诺
⑤remarkable
adj.显著的
⑥accelerate
v.加速
典句欣赏
As
the
global
challenge
that
does
not
respect
national
borders,climate
change
is
an
issue
that
requires
solutions
to
be
coordinated
at
the
international
level,with
a
demand
for
all
developed
countries
taking
up
greater
responsibilities,and
for
developing
countries
moving
toward
low-carbon
economy.
译文:全球性挑战向来不受国境线的限制,气候变化这一全球性议题需要在国际层面协调解决方案,要求所有发达国家承担更大的责任,发展中国家向低碳经济迈进。
分析:本句是一个复合句。climate
change
is
an
issue是主句,that
does
not
respect...和that
requires
solutions是定语从句,分别修饰challenge和issue,with...是介词短语作状语。
探究思辨
1.What
do
you
know
about
China
from
the
4th
paragraph?
2.What
will
you
do
to
protect
the
world
environment?
答案
1.China
has
made
great
contributions
to
the
world
environmental
protection.
2.To
protect
the
environment,everyone
can
make
a
difference.As
students,we
had
better
take
buses
or
ride
bikes
to
school
every
day.We
should
save
water,electricity,never
waste
any
food
and
so
on.
Section
A Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.graph
n.
?
2.emission
n.
?
3.melt
vi.&
vt.
?
4.seal
n.
?
5.methane
n.
?
6.carbon
n.
?
7.dioxide
n.
?
8.habitable
adj.
?
9.fossil
n.
?
10.fuel
n.
?
11.worldwide
adv.
adj.
?
12.footprint
n.
?
图;图表;曲线图
排放物;散发物;排放
(使)融化;熔化;软化
海豹
甲烷;沼气
碳
二氧化物
适合居住的
化石
燃料;刺激性言行
遍及全球地
世界各地的;影响全世界的
足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
13.
vi.&
vt.(使)挨饿;饿死?
14.
n.生态;生态学?
15.
vt.&
n.排放;释放;发布?
16.
vt.维持;遭受;承受住→
adj.可持续的;合理利用的?
17.
adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的?
18.
n.趋势;趋向;动向?
19.
adv.频繁地;经常?
20.
vt.&
vi.
播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目?
21.
n.政策;方针;原则?
22.
vt.限制;限定;束缚→
n.限制规定;限制法规;约束?
23. vt.抓住;夺取;控制?
starve
ecology
release
sustain
sustainable
comprehensive
trend
frequently
broadcast
policy
restrict
restriction
seize
重点短语
1.
抓住机遇?
2.
为……负责?
3.
和……一起?
4.
对……有影响?
5.
提到;参考?
6.
大量的?
seize
the
opportunity
take
responsibility
for
along
with
have
an
impact
on
refer
to
huge
amounts
of
7.be
trapped
in
?
8.result
in
?
9.make
policies
?
10.take
measures
?
11.carbon
dioxide
?
12.fossil
fuel
?
被困在
导致
制定政策
采取措施
二氧化碳
化石燃料(如煤或石油)
重点句式
1.There
is
little
doubt
that
Earth
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer(see
the
graph).
2.There
is
strong
and
comprehensive
evidence
that
the
rise
in
temperature
has
led
to
an
increase
in
extreme
weather
and
natural
disasters
worldwide,not
only
causing
serious
damage,but
also
costing
human
lives.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P26-P27课文内容,匹配段落大意。
1.Para.1
A.The
two
common
meanings
of
“greenhouse
effect”.
2.Para.2
B.Evidence
of
a
dramatic
change
in
global
climate.
3.Para.3
C.The
impact
global
warming
had
on
Earth’s
ecology.
4.Para.4
D.Evidence
of
global
warming
leading
to
extreme
weather
and
disasters.
5.Para.5
E.Both
governments
and
individuals
should
take
measures
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.E
B.根据P26-P27课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What
directly
caused
the
death
of
the
polar
bear
mentioned
in
Paragraph
2?
A.Extreme
coldness.
B.Changeable
weather.
C.Lack
of
food.
D.Low
sea
levels.
2.What
does
the
third
paragraph
mainly
tell
us?
A.What
the
“greenhouse
effect”
means.
B.Why
the
global
temperature
rises
quickly.
C.How
the
heat
is
released
back
into
space.
D.Why
the
“man-made”
greenhouse
is
important
to
us.
答案
C
答案
A
3.According
to
scientists,the
“natural”
greenhouse
effect
.?
A.is
what
causes
global
warming
B.is
beneficial
to
human
beings
C.has
now
become
a
big
problem
D.must
be
got
rid
of
in
the
long
run
4.What
is
the
purpose
of
the
last
paragraph?
A.To
show
us
the
bad
effects
of
global
warming.
B.To
explain
the
meaning
of
“carbon
footprint”.
C.To
tell
us
to
prevent
disasters
from
happening.
D.To
call
on
us
to
do
our
bit
to
protect
our
planet.
答案
B
答案
D
1.An
expert
who
has
studied
polar
bears
for
many
years
said
that
from
the
position
of
its
dead
body,the
bear
appeared
to
have
starved
and
died.
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从北极熊尸体的位置来看,它似乎是饿死的。
【词汇精讲】
starve
vi.&
vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
In
order
to
lose
some
weight,the
girl
is
starving
herself.
为了减肥,那个女孩在节食。
The
old
man
said
he
would
starve
rather
than
beg
for
food.
那个老人说他宁肯挨饿也不乞讨。
Let’s
get
something
to
eat;
I’m
starving.
我们弄点东西吃吧,我饿坏了。
【词汇拓展】
The
children
in
the
stricken
areas
are
starving
for
textbooks.
灾区的孩子们急需教科书。
The
policemen
surrounded
the
woods
in
order
to
starve
the
murderer
into
coming
out.
警察包围了树林,想让凶手因饥饿而出来。
2.The
heat
is
released
back
into
space
at
longer
wave
lengths.
热量以较长的波长释放回太空。
【词汇精讲】
release
vt.
&
n.排放;释放;发布
10,000
balloons
were
released
at
the
ceremony.
典礼上放飞了一万只气球。
He
is
releasing
an
album
of
love
songs.
他即将推出一张情歌专辑。
He
called
for
the
immediate
release
of
all
political
prisoners.
他要求立即释放所有政治犯。
【词汇拓展】
Firefighters
took
two
hours
to
release
the
driver
from
the
wreckage.
消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。
Coal
power
stations
release
sulphur
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere.
煤电站将二氧化硫释放到大气中。
The
video
has
sold
three
million
copies
in
its
first
three
weeks
on
release.
该录像带推出前3周就卖出了300万盒。
3.Without
this
process,Earth
could
not
sustain
life.
没有这一进程,地球就无法维持生命。
【词汇精讲】
sustain
vt.维持;遭受;承受住
Which
planets
can
sustain
life?
哪些行星可以维持生命的存在?
She
managed
to
sustain
everyone’s
interest
until
the
end
of
her
speech.
她使每个人兴趣盎然,一直听她把话讲完。
Every
aircraft
in
there
has
sustained
some
damage.
那里的每架飞机都受到了一些损坏。
【词汇拓展】
sustainable
adj.可持续的;合理利用的
The
creation
of
an
efficient
and
sustainable
transport
system
is
critical
to
the
long-term
future
of
the
city.
建立一套高效稳定的交通体系对城市的长远发展意义重大。
4.In
fact,news
reports
are
frequently
broadcast
about
extreme
rainstorms
and
heatwaves
causing
deaths
and
economic
losses.
事实上,新闻报道经常播出极端暴雨和热浪所造成的死亡和经济损失。
【词汇精讲】
broadcast
vt.&
vi.(broadcast,broadcast)播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目
The
concert
will
be
broadcast
live
tomorrow
evening.
音乐会明晚将现场直播。
Radio
Caroline
used
to
broadcast
from
a
boat
in
the
North
Sea.
卡罗琳电台过去常在北海的一艘船上广播。
The
first
broadcast
of
VOA
Special
English
was
on
October
19th,1959.
美国之音慢速英语的第一次广播是在1959年10月19日。
5.We
as
individuals
can
also
reduce
our
“carbon
footprint”
by
restricting
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
our
lifestyles
produce.
我们个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳数量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
【词汇精讲】
restrict
vt.限制;限定;束缚
Having
small
children
tends
to
restrict
your
freedom.
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
The
long
skirt
restricted
her
movements.
长裙妨碍了她的行动。
【词汇拓展】
We
restrict
the
number
of
students
per
class
to
50.
我们将每个班的学生人数限定为50人。
The
government
has
agreed
to
lift
restrictions
on
press
freedom.
政府已经同意撤销对新闻自由的限制。
6.It
is
our
responsibility
to
seize
every
opportunity
to
educate
everyone
about
global
warming,along
with
its
causes
and
impacts...
我们有责任抓住每个机会,向每个人宣传全球变暖及其原因和影响……
【词汇精讲】
seize
vt.抓住;夺取;控制
Oster
seized
this
moment
and
achieved
great
success
for
the
benefit
of
mankind.
奥斯特抓住了这一瞬间,取得了巨大的成功,造福了人类。
He
seized
power
in
a
military
coup.
他在一场军事政变中夺取了政权。
The
army
has
seized
control
of
the
country.
军队已经控制全国。
【词汇拓展】
My
brother
told
me
that
he
wanted
to
seize
the
opportunity.
我弟弟告诉我,他想抓住这次机遇。
Newspapers
seized
on
the
results
as
proof
that
global
warming
wasn’t
really
happening.
各报纸纷纷以此结果为证据来证明全球变暖并没有真正发生。
重点句式
1.There
is
little
doubt
that
Earth
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer(see
the
graph).
毫无疑问,地球越来越暖和了(如图所示)。
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是There
is
little
doubt,that引导的是同位语从句。
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
boxes
were
then
put
on
a
train
for
Sydney.
毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车运往悉尼。
There
is
no
doubt
that
your
participation
will
make
our
outing
more
enjoyable.
毫无疑问,你的参与会使我们的出游更加愉快。
【句式拓展】
I
have
some
doubt
whether
the
autumn
sports
meeting
will
be
held
in
our
school.
我怀疑秋季运动会能否在我校举行。
【温馨提示】doubt可作动词和名词。在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句或同位语从句;在肯定句中,后接whether或if引导的宾语从句或whether引导的同位语从句。
I
don’t
doubt
that
he
is
telling
the
truth.
我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。
I
doubt
whether
we
will
make
a
profit
out
of
it.
我怀疑我们是否能从此事中获利。
2.There
is
strong
and
comprehensive
evidence
that
the
rise
in
temperature
has
led
to
an
increase
in
extreme
weather
and
natural
disasters
worldwide,not
only
causing
serious
damage,but
also
costing
human
lives.
有力和全面的证据表明,气温的上升导致世界各地极端天气和自然灾害的增加,不仅造成严重损害,而且造成人员死亡。
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。There
is
strong
and
comprehensive
evidence是主句,that引导的是同位语从句,用来说明evidence,其中,not
only...but
also....引导的是动词-ing形式构成的短语,在句中作结果状语。not
only...but
also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。
Visiting
this
paper-cutting
exhibition,we
will
not
only
enjoy
the
folk
art
works,but
also
learn
a
lot.
参观这次剪纸展览,我们不但能欣赏到民间艺术作品,而且能学到很多。
I
can
not
only
ask
various
questions
but
can
concentrate
on
some
detailed
facts.
我不仅能提问各种各样的问题,而且能集中精力于一些事实细节。
【句式拓展】
(1)not
only...but
also若连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语的单复数通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
Not
only
I
but
also
Jane
and
Mary
are
tired
of
having
one
examination
after
another.
不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一场接一场的考试。
Not
only
my
brother
but
also
I
am
good
at
painting.
不仅我的兄弟擅长绘画,我也画得很好。
(2)not
only...but
also若连接两个句子,且not
only
位于句首时,not
only
后面的句子要用部分倒装。
Not
only
does
she
attach
importance
to
reading,but
also
she
spares
at
least
20
minutes
every
day
to
read.
她不仅重视阅读,而且她每天抽出至少20分钟来阅读。
By
doing
so,not
only
can
I
share
good
ideas
with
others
but
also
learn
to
express
myself
clearly.
通过这样做,我不仅能与他人分享好的想法,而且还学会清楚地表达自己。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
There
is
no
doubt
1
Earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer,and
there
is
strong
evidence
of
a
dramatic
change
in
the
global
climate.A
2013
news
photo
of
a
2
(die)
polar
bear
showed
that
the
polar
bear
seemed
to
have
died
of
3
(starve).This
alarming
case
showed
how
the
increase
in
temperature
had
4
impact
on
Earth’s
ecology.?
The
“greenhouse
effect”
is
to
blame.The
“greenhouse
effect”
has
two
common
meanings:
the
“natural”
greenhouse
effect
5
the
“man-made”
greenhouse
effect.The
process
of
“natural”
greenhouse
effect
6
(keep)
Earth’s
climate
warm
and
habitable
while
the
“man-made”
greenhouse
effect
causes
Earth’s
surface
temperature
7
(rise)
quickly.?
As
is
well
known,the
rise
in
temperature
has
led
to
an
increase
in
extreme
weather
and
natural
disasters
worldwide,not
only
8
(cause)
serious
damage,but
also
costing
human
lives. 9
(reduce)
greenhouse
gas
emissions,governments
need
to
consider
making
policies
and
taking
appropriate
actions
and
measures
while
we
as
individuals
can
also
reduce
our
“carbon
footprint”
by
restricting
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
10
(we)
lifestyles
produce.?
答案
1.that 2.dead 3.starvation 4.an 5.and
6.keeps 7.to
rise 8.causing 9.To
reduce 10.our
Ⅱ.概要写作
根据课本P26-P27内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
There
is
strong
evidence
that
the
increase
in
temperature
had
an
impact
on
Earth’s
ecology.(要点1)The
“greenhouse
effect”,which
causes
global
warming,has
two
common
meanings:
the
“natural”
greenhouse
effect
and
the
“man-made”
greenhouse
effect.(要点2)
The
former
keeps
Earth’s
climate
warm
and
habitable
while
the
latter
causes
Earth’s
surface
temperature
to
rise
quickly.(要点3)
To
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions,every
one
of
us
can
make
a
difference.(要点4)(共36张PPT)
Section
B Learning
About
Language
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.basin
n.
?
2.penguin
n.
?
3.implement
vt.
?
4.moderate
adj.
vi.&
vt.
?
5.tropical
adj.
?
6.nuclear
adj.
?
7.jungle
n.
?
流域;盆地;盆
企鹅
使生效;贯彻;执行
适度的;中等的;温和的
缓和;使适中
热带的;来自热带的
原子能的;核能的;原子核的
(热带)丛林;密林
8.
vi.&
vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良?
9.
vt.经历;经受(变化、不快等)?
10.
adj.和谐的?
11.
vt.&
vi.提交;呈递;屈服?
12.
adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴?
13.
n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱?
14.
adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的?
reform
undergo
harmonious
submit
annual
chaos
sensitive
重点短语
1.
代表(代替)某人?
2.
作为……而著名?
3.
寻找?
4.
把……和……联系起来?
5.
既……又……;除……之外(也)?
6.bring
about
?
7.lead
to
?
8.die
out
?
9.print
out
?
10.take
a
taxi
?
on
behalf
of
be
known
as
in
search
of
link...to...
as
well
as
带来
导致
灭绝
印出
乘出租车
重点句式
The
Amazon
basin,known
as
the
“lungs
of
the
world”,not
only
provides
some
ecology
balance
for
the
planet,but
also
food
and
resources
for
the
local
natives.
重点语法
直接引语和间接引语
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.undergo A.happening
once
a
year
2.basin
B.able
to
understand
other
people’s
feelings
and
problems
3.submit
C.to
experience
something
which
is
unpleasant
or
which
involves
a
change
4.annual
D.to
give
a
plan,piece
of
writing,etc.
to
someone
in
authority
for
them
to
consider
or
approve
5.sensitive
E.an
open
round
container
shaped
like
a
bowl
with
sloping
sides,used
for
holding
food
or
liquid
答案
1.C 2.E 3.D 4.A 5.B
Ⅲ.选词填空
submit,undergo,harmonious,reform,sensitive
1.The
government
announced
a
much-needed
programme
of
economic
.?
2.Teachers
should
be
expected
to
mid-career
training
and
development.?
3.We
protested
about
the
changes
for
a
long
time,but
in
the
end
we
had
to
.?
4.It
is
very
important
for
us
to
build
a
society.?
5.Throughout
her
career
she
remained
very
to
criticism.?
reform
undergo
submit
harmonious
sensitive
重点词汇
1.Many
experts
link
China’s
economic
success
to
the
comprehensive
reform
that
China
has
undergone
since
1978.
许多专家将中国经济的成功与中国自1978年以来所经历的全面改革联系起来。
【词汇精讲】
reform
vi.&
vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
He
put
forward
some
plans
to
reform
the
country’s
economy.
他提出了一些改革国家经济的计划。
The
country’s
education
system
was
crying
out
for
reform.
这个国家的教育体制正急需改革。
We
have
never
doubted
of
the
success
of
our
reform.
我们从未怀疑过我们的改革会获得成功。
【词汇拓展】
reformation
n.改革;变革
2.According
to
the
report
submitted
by
researchers,between
20
and
25
percent
of
all
annual
carbon
dioxide
emissions
are
caused
by
the
destruction
of
tropical
forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告,年度二氧化碳排放量的20%至25%是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
【词汇精讲】
submit
vi.&
vt.提交;呈递;屈服
We
have
submitted
these
suggestions
for
your
consideration.
我们提出这些意见供您参考。
He
was
losing
the
fight
but
he
wouldn’t
submit.
他被打败了,但他不会屈服。
【词汇拓展】
He
submitted
his
proposal
for
urban
development
to
the
city
council.
他将城市发展建议提交市议会。
We
submitted
that
the
case
couldn’t
be
proved.
我们认为这个案件无法被证实。
3.I’m
doing
a
project
on
behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.
我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。
【词汇精讲】
on
behalf
of
sb/on
sb’s
behalf代表(代替)某人
It
is
my
great
privilege
to
say
something
on
behalf
of
all
the
students.
我很荣幸能代表所有的学生讲话。
On
behalf
of
everyone
here
I
want
to
thank
you
for
your
help.
我代表在场的各位感谢你帮助了我们。
重点句式
The
Amazon
basin,known
as
the
“lungs
of
the
world”,not
only
provides
some
ecology
balance
for
the
planet,but
also
food
and
resources
for
the
local
natives.
亚马孙流域被称为“世界之肺”,不仅为地球提供了一些生态平衡,而且为当地土著人提供了食物和资源。
【句式剖析】本句是一个简单句。not
only...but
also...连接两个谓语。known
as...是过去分词短语,在句中作定语。过去分词作定语时和所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
The
computer
centre,opened
last
year,was
very
popular
with
students.
去年开的电脑中心很受学生欢迎。
Items
bought
from
the
Internet
are
much
cheaper
than
those
from
stores.
从网上购买的东西比商店里便宜得多。
【句式拓展】
(1)单个过去分词作定语要放在名词之前,过去分词短语作定语要放在名词之后。
To
her
the
outside
world
was
a
totally
unknown
quantity.
对她来说,外部世界完全是个未知数。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示完成的动作。
There
are
many
fallen
leaves
on
the
ground.
地上有许多落叶。
(3)过去分词作定语也可改为定语从句。
Mary,known
as
a
student
singer,was
a
student
in
Grade
2.
→Mary,who
is
known
as
a
student
singer,was
a
student
in
Grade
2.
玛丽,被称为学生歌手,是二年级的学生。
重点语法
直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的话有两种方式:一种是直接引述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语。直接引语可转换为间接引语,转换时要注意以下几点:
1.主句谓语动词的变化
直接引语是陈述句时,变为间接引语时主句的谓语动词said
to
sb要变为told
sb;直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语时主句的谓语动词said要变为asked。
Lily
said
to
me,“I’m
going
to
have
a
birthday
party
next
week.”
→Lily
told
me
she
was
going
to
have
a
birthday
party
the
next
week.
My
mother
said
to
me,“Have
you
finished
your
homework?”
→My
mother
asked
me
if
I
had
finished
my
homework.
My
friend
said
to
me,“Where
have
you
been?”
→My
friend
asked
me
where
I
had
been.
2.连接词的使用
直接引语是陈述句时,间接引语用连接词that引导,that可以省略;如果是一般疑问句,要用if/whether来引导;如果是特殊疑问句,则要用原疑问词来引导。
He
said,“Most
of
us
like
playing
football
after
class.”
→He
said
(that)
most
of
them
liked
playing
football
after
class.
I
asked
Mary,“Did
you
take
part
in
Anne’s
party
last
Saturday?”
→I
asked
Mary
if/whether
she
had
taken
part
in
Anne’s
party
the
Saturday
before.
Tom
said
to
me,“How
did
you
cross
the
river
without
a
boat?”
→Tom
asked
me
how
I
had
crossed
the
river
without
a
boat.
3.从句语序的变化
无论直接引语是陈述句、一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时要用陈述句的语序。
I
said
to
Mary,“Do
you
really
understand
the
meaning
of
the
sentence?”
→I
asked
Mary
if/whether
she
really
understood
the
meaning
of
the
sentence.
The
teacher
asked,“Where
was
it
that
you
lost
your
key
to
the
classroom?”
→The
teacher
asked
where
it
was
that
I
had
lost
my
key
to
the
classroom.
4.从句人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,需要根据主句的人称对从句中的代词作相应的调整。直接引语是第一人称,变为间接引语时要和主句的主语一致;直接引语是第二人称,变为间接引语时要和主句的宾语一致;直接引语是第三人称,变为间接引语时代词的人称不变。
John
said
to
me,“I
will
go
climbing
by
myself.”
→John
told
me
he
would
go
climbing
by
himself.
My
friend
asked
Tom,“Do
you
think
a
diary
can
become
your
friend?”
→My
friend
asked
Tom
if
he
thought
a
diary
could
become
his
friend.
Father
asked
Mother,“Have
they
arrived
yet?”
→Father
asked
Mother
if
they
had
arrived
already.
5.从句时态的变化
主句的谓语动词是过去时,变为间接引语时的时态变化见下表:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
I
said
to
Mary,“Does
your
sister
like
playing
the
piano?”
→I
asked
Mary
if
her
sister
liked
playing
the
piano.
Father
said,“I
am
going
to
spend
my
holiday
at
the
seaside
this
summer.”
→Father
said
he
was
going
to
spend
his
holiday
at
the
seaside
that
summer.
The
boy
said
to
Mum,“I
have
already
learned
10
English
songs.”
→The
boy
told
Mum
that
he
had
already
learned
10
English
songs.
She
said
to
me,“I
went
over
my
lessons
last
night.”
→She
told
me
she
had
gone
over
her
lessons
the
night
before.
注意:在下面情况下,变为间接引语时,从句中谓语动词的时态不变。
(1)直接引语是谚语、客观事实、真理时,变成间接引语时谓语动词的时态不变。
The
teacher
said
to
us,“Light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.”
→The
teacher
told
us
that
light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.
(2)直接引语的谓语动词是一般过去时,并且和具体的过去时间连用,变成间接引语时动词时态不变。
He
said,“The
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded
on
October
1,1949.”
→He
said
that
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded
on
October
1,1949.
6.从句时间状语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,由于从句时态发生了变化,所以时间状语也要作相应的调整。
(1)与现在有关的时间状语now要变为then,today,this
morning
(afternoon,evening,week)要变为that
day,that
morning(afternoon,evening,week)。
My
friend
said
to
me,“I
am
going
swimming
this
afternoon.”
→My
friend
told
me
that
he
was
going
swimming
that
afternoon.
The
teacher
said,“I
haven’t
seen
Jane
today.”
→The
teacher
said
he
hadn’t
seen
Jane
that
day.
(2)与将来有关的时间状语tomorrow,tomorrow
morning(afternoon,evening),next
week(month)要变为the
next
day,the
next
morning(afternoon,evening),the
next
week(month)。the
day
after
tomorrow要变为in
two
days’
time。
My
brother
said,“There
is
going
to
be
an
English
film
tomorrow
evening.”
→My
brother
said
there
was
going
to
be
an
English
film
the
next
evening.
Jane
told
me,“I
am
going
abroad
next
week.”
→Jane
told
me
she
was
going
abroad
the
next
week.
(3)与过去有关的时间状语yesterday
(morning,evening),last
night
(week,year),two
days(a
week)
ago要变为the
day
(morning,evening)
before,the
night
(week,year)
before,two
days
(a
week)
before。
I
asked
him,“Where
were
you
last
night?”
→I
asked
him
where
he
had
been
the
night
before.
My
sister
said,“I
read
the
book
several
weeks
ago.”
→My
sister
said
she
had
read
the
book
several
weeks
before.
7.其他词语的变化
指示代词this要变为that,these变为those,地点副词here要变为there,动词come要变为go,bring要变为take等。
He
said
to
me,“This
car
belongs
to
me.”
→He
told
me
that
car
belonged
to
him.
He
said,“I
will
come
here
this
evening.”
→He
said
he
would
go
there
that
evening.
8.祈使句的引语转换
(1)直接引语是表示“请求;劝告”的祈使句时,变为间接引语要用“ask/tell/advise
sb
to
do”结构。
“Listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class,Tom,”said
Mrs
Brown.
→Mrs
Brown
told
Tom
to
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class.
The
monitor
said
to
me,“Don’t
forget
to
turn
off
the
lights
when
you
leave.”
→The
monitor
asked
me
not
to
forget
to
turn
off
the
lights
when
I
left.
(2)直接引语是表示“建议”的祈使句时,变为间接引语可用suggest
doing结构。
“Let’s
go
swimming
in
the
lake
this
Saturday
afternoon.”
John
said.
→John
suggested
going
swimming
in
the
lake
that
Saturday
afternoon.
“Let
me
help
you
with
your
English,”my
friend
said
to
me.
→My
friend
suggested
helping
me
with
my
English.
(3)直接引语是表示“命令;警告”的祈使句时,变为间接引语可用“order/command/warn
sb
to
do”结构。
The
officer
said
to
the
soldiers,“Keep
quiet!”
→The
officer
commanded
the
soldiers
to
keep
quiet.
The
policeman
said
to
the
boys,“Don’t
play
football
in
the
street
any
more.”
→The
policeman
warned
the
boys
not
to
play
football
in
the
street
any
more.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It
is
well
known
that
the
jazz
festival
is
held
(annual)
in
July.?
答案
annually
2.The
Browns
have
a
very
(harmony)
relation
with
their
neighbors
at
the
moment.?
答案
harmonious
3.The
final
deadline
for
(submit)
is
February
21st.?
答案
submissions
4.Representatives
of
the
company
claim
their
plan
will
be
sensitive
local
needs.?
答案
to
5.I
must,
behalf
of
my
company,thank
you
again
for
your
generous
help.?
答案
on
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.In
primary
school,our
teacher
told
us
that
(地球围着太阳转).?
答案
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun
2.My
brother
asked
me
(我到什么地方去过).?
答案
where
I
had
been
3.My
friend
wanted
to
know
(我是否愿意和她一起去度假).?
答案
whether
I
would
like
to
go
on
a
holiday
with
her
4.My
parents
asked
me
(我要做什么)
after
graduation.?
答案
what
I
would
do
5.Can
you
give
me
some
advice
on
(我如何才能学好英语口语)??
答案
how
I
can
learn
spoken
English
well(共22张PPT)
Section
C Using
Language(Ⅰ)
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.smog
n.
?
2.originate
vi.&
vt.
?
烟雾
起源;发源;创立
重点短语
1.
记笔记?
2.
对……有害?
3.
要点?
4.order
sb
to
do
sth
?
5.have
an
interview
with
?
6.at
that
time
?
take
notes
of
be
harmful
to
the
key
points
命令某人做某事
采访……
那时
重点句式
1.Later,the
UK
government
ordered
people
not
to
burn
wood
in
their
homes.
2.As
is
known
to
all,...
Ⅱ.选词填空
originate,order,claim,interview,experience
1.To
catch
the
early
flight,we
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.?
2.The
company
that
it
is
not
responsible
for
the
pollution
in
the
river.?
3.The
game
is
thought
to
have
among
the
native
peoples
of
Alaska.?
4.Lack
of
self-confidence,Jack
can’t
help
being
anxious
about
his
job
.?
5.Both
the
boys
were
put
through
the
pains
they
had
never
before.?
ordered
claims
originated
interview
experienced
重点词汇
1.The
expression
“smog”
originated
in
Britain
and
means
a
combination
of
“smoke”
and
“fog”.
“烟雾”一词起源于英国,意思是“烟”和“雾”的结合。
【词汇精讲】
originate
vi.&
vt.起源;发源;创立
The
disease
is
thought
to
have
originated
in
the
tropics.
这种疾病据说起源于热带地区。
Many
Christmas
traditions
originated
in
Germany.
许多圣诞节传统起源于德国。
【词汇拓展】
A
lot
of
our
medicines
originate
from
tropical
plants.
我们的许多药物来源于热带植物。
The
idea
originated
with
the
ancient
Greek
philosophers.
这个想法起源于古希腊哲学家。
The
town
originated
as
a
small
fishing
port.
这个小镇起源于一个小渔港。
2.What
measures
have
the
government
and
citizens
taken
to
help
address
the
problem?
政府和公民采取了哪些措施来帮助解决这个问题?
【词汇精讲】
address
n.地址 vt.演讲;向……说话;设法解决
I’ll
give
you
my
address
and
phone
number.
我会告诉你我的地址和电话号码。
Do
you
know
who
is
going
to
address
the
meeting?
你知道谁要在会上讲话吗?
【词汇拓展】
address
sth
to
sb/sth对某人/事提出(意见)
Please
address
all
complaints
to
the
manager.
一切意见均请向经理提出。
重点句式
1.Later,the
UK
government
ordered
people
not
to
burn
wood
in
their
homes.
后来,英国政府命令人们不要在家里烧木柴。
【句式剖析】本句是个简单句,句子的主体部分是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。order在此意为“命令”,order
sb
to
do
sth“命令某人做某事”。
Police
arrived
at
his
hotel
and
ordered
him
to
pack
his
bags.
警察来到他的酒店,命令他收拾行李走人。
The
doctor
ordered
him
to
stay
in
bed
for
a
couple
of
days.
医生叫他卧床一两天。
【句式拓展】
(1)order表示“命令,吩咐”,可作名词或动词,后跟从句时,从句要用虚拟语气(“should+动词原形”)。
(2)in
order
to后跟动词原形作目的状语;in
order
that后跟从句作目的状语。
He
ordered
that
the
goods
should
be
sent
by
air.
他吩咐货物得空运。
She
learned
typing
in
order
to
help
her
husband
with
his
work.
她学习打字是为了帮助她丈夫工作。
2.As
is
known
to
all,...
众所周知,……
【句式剖析】as
is
known
to
all意为“众所周知”,as是关系代词,在句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句。
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in
China,as
is
known
to
all.
众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Edison,as
is
known
to
all,invented
the
electric
lamp.
众所周知,爱迪生发明了电灯。
【句式拓展】
(1)It
is
known
to
all
that...“众所周知……”,it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。
It
is
known
to
all
that
man
can’t
live
without
air
or
water.
众所周知,人离开空气或水就不能生存。
It
is
known
to
all
that
we
should
conserve
natural
resources.
众所周知,我们应该保护自然资源。
(2)What
is
known
to
all
is...“众所周知……”,what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。
What
is
known
to
us
all
is
that
watching
TV
may
relax
our
body,broaden
our
mind
and
enrich
our
life.
众所周知,看电视可以放松我们的身体,拓宽我们的视野,丰富我们的生活。
Ⅰ.介词填空
1.The
Great
Wall
of
China
is
known
people
all
over
the
world.?
答案
to
2.We
would
like
to
bring
in
an
expert
this
topic
for
discussion.?
答案
on
3.I
heard
this
song
the
radio
and
it
just
took
my
breath
away.?
答案
on/over
4.Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill,the
city
is
something
clouds
of
smoke.?
答案
under
5.The
polluted
water
and
air
are
harmful
people’s
health.?
答案
to
Ⅱ.语法填空
Tree-planting
Day
In
China,Tree-planting
Day
1
(fall)
on
March
12.In
February
1979,the
5th
National
People’s
Congress
of
People’s
Republic
of
China
made
a
resolution
2
March
12th
would
be
taken
as
Chinese
Tree-planting
Day, 3
(require)
the
whole
country
to
carry
out
tree-planting
4
(activity)
on
this
day
and
support
the
construction
of
forestry.?
When
March
12th
is
approaching
every
year,country
leaders,civil
servants,company
employees,and
even
school
pupils
go
outdoors
5
(fulfill)
a
citizens’
obligation
of
planting
trees. 6
(benefit)
from
the
Tree-planting
Day,more
7
more
Chinese
people
realize
the
urgency
and
8
(important)
of
protecting
the
environment
and
pursuing
environment-friendly
development.It
9
(estimate)
that
50
billion
trees
have
been
planted
all
over
China
in
voluntary
tree-planting
campaigns
during
10
past
few
years.?
答案
1.falls 2.that 3.requiring 4.activities 5.to
fulfill 6.Benefited 7.and 8.importance 9.is
estimated 10.the(共8张PPT)
单元重点小结
主题语境
环境保护
重点词汇
1.starve
vi.&
vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
starve
to
death饿死 starve
for
sth渴望获得某物 starve
sb/sth
of/for
sth使某人/物得不到所需要的
starve
sb
into
(doing)
sth使某人因饥饿而做某事 starvation
n.饥饿
2.release
vt.
&
n.排放;释放;发布
release
sb
from...把某人从……释放(解救)出来 release
sth
into...把……排放入……
on
release发行
3.sustain
vt.维持;遭受;承受住
sustainable
adj.可持续的;合理利用的
4.broadcast
vt.&
vi.播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目
5.restrict
vt.限制;限定;束缚
restrict...to...把……限制在…… restrict
yourself/sb
to
(doing)限制你自己/某人(做)
restriction
n.限制规定;限制法规;约束 restrictive
adj.受限制的
6.seize
vt.抓住;夺取;控制
seize
hold
of
sth抓住某物 seize
a
chance/an
opportunity
抓住时机
seize
on/upon
sth
意识到某事物而立即加以利用 be
seized
with/by被……侵扰
7.reform
vi.&
vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
reformation
n.改革;变革
8.submit
vi.&
vt.提交;呈递;屈服
submit
to
sb/sth顺从/服从/屈从某人/某事 submit
sth
to
sb把……递交/提交/呈递给某人
submit
that...(正式)建议/认为
9.on
behalf
of
sb/on
sb’s
behalf代表(代替)某人
10.originate
vi.&
vt.起源;发源;创立
originate
from来源于 originate
with由……想起/创立 originate
as源自
11.address
n.地址 vt.演讲;向……说话;设法解决
address
sth
to
sb/sth对某人/事提出(意见)
12.restore
vt.恢复;使复原;修复
restore
sb/sth
to
sth使……恢复原处/原位 restore
relations
with
sb与……恢复关系
restore
sth
to
sb把……归还原主
13.conservation
n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持
conserve
vt.保护;保存;节省
14.inspection
n.检查;查看;视察 inspect
vt.检查;视察
15.tolerate
vt.忍受;包容;容许
tolerate
sb
doing
sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 tolerance
n.容忍;允许
tolerable
adj.可忍受的 tolerant
adj.宽容的,容忍的 be
tolerant
of/towards...对……宽容
重点句型
1.There
is
little
doubt
that
Earth
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer(see
the
graph).
2.There
is
strong
and
comprehensive
evidence
that
the
rise
in
temperature
has
led
to
an
increase
in
extreme
weather
and
natural
disasters
worldwide,not
only
causing
serious
damage,but
also
costing
human
lives.
3.The
Amazon
basin,known
as
the
“lungs
of
the
world”,not
only
provides
some
ecology
balance
for
the
planet,but
also
food
and
resources
for
the
local
natives.
4.Later,the
UK
government
ordered
people
not
to
burn
wood
in
their
homes.
5.As
is
known
to
all,...
6.With
such
campaigns
in
effect,China’s
waterways
are
heading
towards
a
clean
and
sustainable
future.
7.“We
can
all
breathe
more
freely
now
that
the
natural
beauty
of
our
village
had
been
restored,”said
Qi.
重点语法
直接引语和间接引语
1.My
mother
said
to
me,“Have
you
finished
your
homework?”
→My
mother
asked
me
if
I
had
finished
my
homework.
2.I
asked
Mary,“Did
you
take
part
in
Anne’s
party
last
Saturday?”
→I
asked
Mary
if/whether
she
had
taken
part
in
Anne’s
party
the
Saturday
before.
3.The
teacher
asked,“Where
was
it
that
you
lost
your
key
to
the
classroom?”
→The
teacher
asked
where
it
was
that
I
had
lost
my
key
to
the
classroom.
4.“Listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class,Tom,”said
Mrs
Brown.
→Mrs
Brown
told
Tom
to
listen
to
the
teacher
carefully
in
class.(共44张PPT)
Section
D Using
Language(Ⅱ)
&
Assessing
Your
Progress
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.volume
n.
?
2.garbage
n.
?
3.enterprise
n.
?
4.disposal
n.
?
5.waterway
n.
?
6.agenda
n.
?
量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
垃圾;废物
公司;企业;事业
去掉;清除;处理
水道;航道
议程表;议事日程
7.
vt.恢复;使复原;修复?
8.
n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持?
9.
n.(一)打;十二个?
10. n.章程;规章制度?
11.
n.检查;查看;视察?
12.
vt.对……处以罚款?
13.
n.运动;战役 vi.&
vt.参加运动;领导运动?
14.
vt.忍受;包容;容许?
restore
conservation
dozen
regulation
inspection
fine
campaign
tolerate
重点短语
1.
许多;很多?
2.
对……有影响?
3.
促成;为……做出贡献?
4.
在船上?
5.
结束?
6.
许多?
7.
建立;设立
dozens
of
have
an
effect
on
contribute
to
on
board
end
up
a
number
of
set
up
8.carry
out
?
9.in
effect
?
10.make
use
of
?
11.under
such
circumstances
?
12.turn
up
?
13.in
use
?
14.save
energy
?
执行
生效
利用
在这种情况下
开大一点
在使用
节省能源
重点句式
1.With
such
campaigns
in
effect,China’s
waterways
are
heading
towards
a
clean
and
sustainable
future.
2.“We
can
all
breathe
more
freely
now
that
the
natural
beauty
of
our
village
had
been
restored,”said
Qi.
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.tolerate
A.an
official
rule
or
the
act
of
controlling
2.restore
B.to
allow
sb
to
do
sth
that
you
do
not
agree
with
or
like
3.conservation
C.to
make
something
return
to
its
former
state
or
condition
4.regulation
D.a
careful
examination
of
something
to
find
out
more
about
it
5.inspection
E.the
protection
of
natural
things
such
as
animals,plants,forests,etc.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.E 4.A 5.D
Ⅲ.选词填空
launch,restore,regulations,tolerate,inspection
1.There
seems
to
be
so
many
rules
and
these
days.?
2.She
was
hoping
that
the
climate
there
would
her
to
full
health.?
3.It
is
obvious
that
the
teacher
will
not
that
sort
of
behaviour
in
this
class.?
4.The
government
have
just
their
annual
Christmas
campaign
to
stop
drunken
driving.?
5.The
engineer
arrived
to
carry
out
a
health
and
safety
of
the
building.?
regulations
restore
tolerate
launched
inspection
重点词汇
1.Local
officials
were
concerned
that
the
pollution
was
damaging
the
natural
environment
and
felt
that
urgent
steps
should
be
taken
to
restore
the
river’s
original
beauty.
当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境,并认为应该采取紧急措施恢复河流的原始美。
【词汇精讲】
restore
vt.恢复;使复原;修复
The
measures
are
intended
to
restore
public
confidence
in
the
economy.
这些举措旨在恢复公众对经济的信心。
Her
job
is
restoring
old
paintings.
她的工作是修复旧画。
【词汇拓展】
The
ancient
building
was
carefully
restored
to
its
original
state.
这个古建筑被精心修复如初。
The
following
day
their
horses
and
goods
were
restored
to
them.
第二天,马匹和货物都归还给了他们。
2.The
construction
of
waste
water
treatment
facilities
improved
the
water
quality
and
water
conservation.
废水处理设施的建设改善了水质,节约了水资源。
【词汇精讲】
conservation
n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持
Our
objective
is
to
promote
conservation
of
natural
resources.
我们的目的是加强保护自然资源。
Cheaper
energy
conservation
techniques
have
been
put
into
operation
in
the
developed
world.
更经济的节能技术在发达国家已经投入使用。
conserve
vt.保护;保存;节省
There
are
some
new
laws
to
conserve
wildlife
in
the
area.
有一些保护该地区野生动物的新法令。
Some
factories
have
closed
for
the
weekend
to
conserve
energy.
为了节约能源,有些工厂周末不开工。
Tree-planting
helps
to
conserve
water
and
prevent
soil
erosion.
植树有助于节约用水和防止水土流失。
3.At
the
same
time,they
started
to
carry
out
inspections
regularly
and
fine
tourist
organisations
for
abuses.
与此同时,他们开始定期进行检查,并对滥用职权的旅游组织进行罚款。
【词汇精讲】
inspection
n.检查;查看;视察
The
headmaster
went
on
a
tour
of
inspection
of
all
the
classrooms.
校长巡视了所有教室。
Engineers
carried
out
a
thorough
inspection
of
the
machine.
工程师对机器进行了彻底检查。
【词汇拓展】
inspect
vt.检查;视察
The
officer
is
inspecting
his
passport,health
certificate
and
so
on.
那个官员在检验他的护照、健康证书等。
The
director
leaves
tomorrow
for
a
tour
of
overseas
branches
to
inspect
them.
董事长明天动身去视察海外分支机构。
4.The
villagers
could
no
longer
tolerate
the
situation.
村民们再也无法忍受这种情况了。
【词汇精讲】
tolerate
vt.忍受;包容;容许
This
sort
of
behaviour
will
not
be
tolerated.
这种行为是不能容许的。
He
could
not
tolerate
the
extremes
of
heat
in
the
desert.
他忍受不住沙漠的酷热。
The
body
cannot
tolerate
such
large
amounts
of
radiation.
身体不能承受那么大量的辐射。
【词汇拓展】
Chinese
parents
won’t
tolerate
their
children
knocking
bowls
with
chopsticks
when
having
dinner.
中国的父母不容许他们的孩子在就餐时用筷子敲碗。
She
had
no
tolerance
for
jokes
of
any
kind.
她容不得开任何玩笑。
The
levels
of
tolerable
pain
vary
greatly
from
individual
to
individual.
对疼痛的耐受程度因人而异,差别很大。
重点句式
1.With
such
campaigns
in
effect,China’s
waterways
are
heading
towards
a
clean
and
sustainable
future.
随着这些运动的实施,中国的航道正走向一个清洁和可持续的未来。
【句式剖析】本句是一个简单句。With
such
campaigns
in
effect是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,such
campaigns是介词with的宾语,in
effect是介词短语作宾语补足语。
The
teacher
walked
into
the
classroom
with
a
book
in
his
hand.
老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
The
little
girl
went
up
to
the
teacher
with
a
bunch
of
flowers
in
her
arms.
小女孩抱着一束花朝老师走去。
【句式拓展】
常见的“with+宾语+宾语补足语”主要有以下几种形式:
(1)with+宾语+动词-ing形式
With
the
boy
leading
the
way,we
had
no
trouble
in
getting
to
the
station.
由这个男孩带路,我们毫不费力地到达了车站。
The
weather
was
even
colder
with
the
wind
blowing.
因为有风,天气更冷了。
(2)with+宾语+过去分词
The
child
was
crying
with
the
glasses
broken.
眼镜坏了,那孩子哭了起来。
With
all
the
work
finished,they
hurried
back
home
for
lunch.
所有的工作都做完了,他们匆忙回家吃午饭。
(3)with+宾语+不定式
With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,we
had
to
be
busy
working
day
and
night.
有那么多的工作要做,我们只得日夜忙碌。
With
many
things
to
deal
with,I
have
to
stop
listening
to
the
light
music.
有许多事情要处理,我只好停止听轻音乐。
(4)with+宾语+形容词
Don’t
sleep
with
the
door
and
windows
open.
不要开着门窗睡觉。
(5)with+宾语+副词
Tian’anmen
Square
looks
even
more
beautiful
with
all
lights
on.
所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。
2.“We
can
all
breathe
more
freely
now
that
the
natural
beauty
of
our
village
had
been
restored,”said
Qi.
齐说道:“既然我们村庄的自然美景已经恢复,大家就可以更自由地呼吸了。”
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。We
can
all
breathe
more
freely是主句,now
that意为“既然”,引导的是原因状语从句,that可省略。
Now
that
you
are
well
again,you
can
travel.
既然你已恢复了健康,你就可以去旅行了。
Now
that
you
have
long
been
interested
in
Chinese
culture,I
think
Beijing
Language
and
Culture
University
is
an
ideal
place
for
you.
既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣,我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。
【句式拓展】
引导原因状语从句的从属连词还有because(因为),as(由于),since(既然),when(既然),seeing/considering/given
(that)
(考虑到)等。
Since
you’re
not
interested,I
won’t
tell
you
about
it.
既然你不感兴趣,那我就不告诉你了。
How
can
they
learn
anything
since
they
spend
all
their
spare
time
watching
television?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了,还能学什么东西呢?
文化意识
Ant
Forest:From
Virtual
Trees
to
Real
Forests
Renting
a
bike,taking
a
bus,or
simply
walking—these
daily
activities
can
lead
trees
to
be
planted
in
deserts
in
China,and
hundreds
of
millions
of
Chinese
are
doing
so.
Chinese
net
users
have
found
a
new
way
to
battle
desertification(沙漠化)
in
the
country
by
playing
virtual
planting
games.Ant
Forest,which
is
under
Ant
Financial
of
the
Alibaba
Group,told
the
Global
Times
that
they
had
planted
55,520,000
trees
covering
about
507
square
kilometers
across
China
from
2016
to
2019.
Ant
Forest
is
the
first
such
game
in
China.It
combines
the
Internet,finance
and
a
low-carbon
lifestyle
and
contributes
to
mitigating(减轻)
desertification,an
Ant
Forest
manager
surnamed
Jiang
told
the
Global
Times.
In
the
“Ant
Forest”
scheme,any
activity
considered
low-carbon,including
walking,taking
public
transport
and
online
payments,will
be
converted
into
virtual
“green
energy”.The
energy
will
be
used
to
grow
a
virtual
tree
in
the
user’s
“forest”.Users
exchange
it
for
a
real
tree
by
paying
the
corresponding
energy.
Ant
Forest
will
plant
the
real
trees
in
spring
and
autumn
each
year
with
the
help
of
local
authorities
in
desertified
areas
mainly
in
Northwest
China’s
Ningxia
Hui
Autonomous
Region
and
North
China’s
Inner
Mongolia
Autonomous
Region,Jiang
said.
“Planting
online
trees
has
become
a
popular
activity
especially
among
young
Chinese
people,”said
Jiang.
Users
earn
a
planting
certificate
each
time
they
plant
a
tree.Those
with
three
planting
certificates
can
apply
for
a
certificate
of
voluntary
tree
planting
issued
by
the
China
Green
Foundation
under
the
National
Forestry
and
Grassland
Administration,which
helps
motivate
users
to
plant
more
trees
online.
After
Ant
Forest,more
online
planting
platforms
were
released
including
Internet
Trees
Planting
launched
by
China
Green
Foundation
to
help
poverty-stricken
areas.
A
recent
NASA
study
highlighted
China’s
ambitious
tree-planting
programs
between
2010
and
2017.Many
Chinese
net
users
said
that
they
were
so
proud
that
they
had
made
a
contribution
to
the
greening
of
the
world
through
online
games.
高分写作
假定你是某校高二学生李华,你校将举办城市环保宣传活动,请你用英语写一篇演讲稿,内容包括:
1.垃圾的现状;
2.造成的危害;
3.提出倡议。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使文章连贯。
一、审题定调
1.确定体裁:本次写作是一篇演讲稿,内容涉及环境保护的重要性;
2.确定人称:本文要用第一、三人称;
3.确定时态:时态以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
首先:提出现象(河上漂浮着垃圾);
其次:造成的危害(污染河水);
最后:提出倡议。
三、核心词汇
1.make
a
speech演讲
2.on
behalf
of代表
3.result
in导致
4.be
harmful
to对……有害
5.as
long
as只要
6.make
a
contribution
to对……做出贡献
四、高级句式
1.在我们学校后面的河里几乎每天都能看到很多漂浮的垃圾。(被动语态)
Almost
every
day
lots
of
rubbish
can
be
seen
floating
on
the
river
behind
our
school.
2.毫无疑问,垃圾会导致河水污染,这对我们的健康有害。(There
is
no
doubt
that;which引导的非限制性定语从句)
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
rubbish
results
in
the
polluted
water
in
the
river,which
is
harmful
to
our
health.
3.只要我们能为保护地球做出贡献,我们就能创造一个美丽的环境。(as
long
as)
As
long
as
we
can
make
a
contribution
to
protecting
the
earth,we
can
create
a
beautiful
environment.
五、连句成文
参考范文
Dear
friends,
My
name
is
Li
Hua.I’m
honoured
to
make
a
speech
here
on
behalf
of
my
class.
Almost
every
day
lots
of
rubbish
such
as
plastic
bags,litter,fruit
peels
can
be
seen
floating
on
the
river
behind
our
school.There
is
no
doubt
that
the
rubbish
results
in
the
polluted
water
in
the
river,which
is
harmful
to
our
health.Besides,it
also
pollutes
our
surroundings.
In
my
view,as
long
as
we
can
make
a
contribution
to
protecting
the
earth,we
can
create
a
beautiful
environment.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It
is
reported
that
the
new
safety
(regulate)
will
be
in
force
next
month.?
答案
regulation
2.These
measures
are
aimed
at
(restore)
public
confidence
in
the
education
system.?
答案
restoring
3.Many
people
are
concerned
about
animals
and
wildlife
(conserve).?
答案
conservation
4.Drivers
who
exceed
the
speed
limit
can
expect
(fine)
heavily.?
答案
to
be
fined
5.He
discovered,on
closer
(inspect),that
the
rocks
contained
gold.?
答案
inspection
Ⅱ.句式升级
1.Obviously,they
don’t
want
to
spend
too
much
money.(升级为it作形式主语的句子)
→
they
don’t
want
to
spend
too
much
money.?
答案
It
is
obvious
that
2.We
all
know
that
China
is
a
great
country
with
a
long
history.(升级为as引导的非限制性定语从句)
→
,China
is
a
great
country
with
a
long
history.?
答案
As
is
known
to
all
3.Without
doubt
she
will
come
to
your
birthday
party
this
Friday.(升级为There
be句式)
→ she
will
come
to
your
birthday
party
this
Friday.?
答案
There
is
no
doubt
that
4.There
are
50
students
in
our
class
and
many
of
them
come
from
the
countryside.(升级为“不定代词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句)
→There
are
50
students
in
our
class,
come
from
the
countryside.?
答案
many
of
whom
5.Our
bus
was
going
very
fast
and
was
heading
toward
the
city.(升级为动词-ing形式作伴随状语的句子)
→Our
bus
was
going
very
fast,
the
city.?
答案
heading
toward
