(共57张PPT)
UNIT
4
ADVERSITY
AND
COURAGE
素养导航
主题语境——人与自然 自然探索
“探险”,既是人类对未知的挑战,也是人类对自身的挑战。“探险”,有成功的欣喜,也有失败的悲壮。探险过程中的任何艰难险阻,都阻挡不了人类探索未知世界的激情,阻挡不了人类迈向全新领域的脚步。欧内斯特·亨利·沙克尔顿把自己的一生奉献给了南极探险。
Ernest
Henry
Shackleton
Ernest
Henry
Shackleton
was
born
on
February
15th
1874
in
Ireland.The
second
of
ten
children,he
was
brought
up
in
London,attending
Dulwich
College
before
joining
the
Merchant
Navy
aged
16.
Shackleton
was
certified①
as
a
Master
Mariner
in
1898
and
was
accepted
in
1901
on
the
Discovery
expedition
to
Antarctica
led
by
Robert
Scott.He
was
chosen
to
accompany②
Scott
on
the
most
southern
march
towards
the
South
Pole
for
research
purposes,returning
home
due
to
ill
health.
On
January
1st
1908
he
led
a
crew
on
the
Nimrod
expedition,sailing
to
Antarctica
again.Trekking
towards
the
South
Pole
in
the
quest
to
be
first,they
reached
the
closest
ever
achieved
before
turning
back
or
facing
certain
death.It
was
a
race
against
starvation③
but
they
made
it
back
to
the
ship
just
in
time
to
return
to
England.
On
his
return
he
was
greeted
as
a
hero
by
King
Edward
Ⅶ.After
the
South
Pole
was
reached
by
Roald
Amundsen
in
1912
he
decided
to
plan
for
the
last
great
Antarctic
expedition,to
cross
the
continent.?
On
August
8th
1914
he
set
sail
from
Plymouth.Encountering④
awful
weather,the
Endurance
became
stuck
in
the
ice
before
sinking
in
November
1915.With
no
chance
of
rescue
or
raising
the
alarm,Shackleton
planned
a
daring
and
dangerous
rescue
to
sail
in
a
lifeboat
to
South
Georgia
and
reach
a
whaling
station.
With
four
other
crew
they
launched
the
James
Caird
into
the
seas
of
the
Antarctica
and
against
all
the
odds
they
reached
South
Georgia.Then
having
to
go
across
mountain
ranges
to
the
other
side
of
the
island
they
finally
reached
help
on
May
20th
1916
before
rescuing
the
rest
of
the
crew
on
August
30th.
In
September
1921
Shackleton
embarked⑤
on
another
expedition
to
Antarctica
on
the
ship
Quest.Whilst
in
South
Georgia
Shackleton
suffered
a
fatal
heart
attack
and
died
on
January
5th
1922.He
was
buried
in
the
Grytviken
cemetery
in
South
Georgia.
Sir
Ernest
Shackleton
remains
one
of
the
greatest
leaders
and
inspirational⑥
explorers
in
history.
词海拾贝
①certify
vt.授予(专业合格证书)
②accompany
vt.陪伴
③starvation
n.饥饿
④encounter
vt.遇到
⑤embark
vi.从事;着手
⑥inspirational
adj.鼓舞人心的
典句欣赏
After
the
South
Pole
was
reached
by
Roald
Amundsen
in
1912
he
decided
to
plan
for
the
last
great
Antarctic
expedition,to
cross
the
continent.
译文:在1912年罗阿尔德·阿蒙森到达南极后,他决定计划穿越大陆,做最后一次伟大的南极探险。
分析:本句是一个复合句。he
decided
to
plan...是主句,After
the
South
Pole
was
reached...是时间状语从句。
探究思辨
1.What
inspired
Shackleton
to
make
the
great
expedition
to
Antarctica?
2.What
do
you
learn
from
Shackleton’s
story?
答案
1.His
spirit
of
adventure,his
bravery
and
his
persistence.
2.We
must
never
give
up
in
face
of
difficulties
and
stick
to
our
goals
until
we
succeed.
Section
A Reading
and
Thinking
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.adversity
n.
?
2.expedition
n
?
3.endurance
n.
?
4.vigour
n.
?
5.qualified
adj.
?
6.cupboard
n.
?
7.steward
n.
?
8.crush
vt.
n. ?
9.stove
n.
?
困境;逆境
探险;远征;探险队
忍耐力;耐久力
精力;力量;活力
符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
橱柜;壁橱;衣柜
(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员
毁坏;压坏;压碎
拥挤的人群
炉具;厨房灶具
10.belongings
n.[pl.]
?
11.banjo
n.
?
12.miserable
adj.
?
13.voyage
n.&
vi.
?
14.navy
n.
?
15.cosy
adj.
?
16.selfish
adj. ?
17.good/bad-tempered
adj.
?
18.persevere
vi.
?→
perseverance
n.
?
财物;动产
班卓琴
痛苦的;令人难受的
航海;航行
海军;海军部队
温馨的;舒适的
自私的
脾气好的/坏的
坚持;孜孜以求
毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
19.
n.工资?
20.
adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的?
21.
adj.热情的;热心的?
22.
adv.&
prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)?
23.
vt.分派;布置;分配?
24.
n.&
vt.羡慕;妒忌?
25.
vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没?
26.
vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃?
wage
bitter
enthusiastic
aboard
assign
envy
sink
abandon
27.
n.毯子?
28.
adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的?
29.
adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的?
30.
vi.&
vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→
n.决议;解决;坚定?
31.
n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队;一群人
blanket
decent
genuine
resolve
resolution
crew
重点短语
1.
拒绝(某人)?
2.
梦想……?
3.
为……做好了准备?
4.
精力充沛?
5.
出发?
6.
返航;往回走?
7.be
stuck
in
?
8.call
sb
together
?
9.keep
up
?
10.from
bad
to
worse
?
11.after
all
?
12.fill
sb
with
hope
?
turn
sb
down
dream
of
be
ready
for
be
full
of
vigour
set
off
turn
back
被困在……
把……召集在一起
保持;不落后
越来越糟
毕竟
使……充满了希望
重点句式
1.Well,it
so
happened
that
one
morning
I
bought
a
newspaper
and
read
the
advertisement
about
the
Antarctic
expedition.
2.Without
Frank
and
Ernest,we’d
all
be
dead
by
now.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P38-P39课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.The
author
learned
about
the
Antarctic
adventure
from
the
newspaper.
2.The
author
had
been
dreaming
of
an
expedition
to
the
South
Pole.
3.At
the
beginning
of
the
adventure,the
author
was
very
excited.
4.Shackleton
allowed
Hussey
to
keep
the
banjo
because
he
was
fond
of
music.
5.The
sailors
felt
desperate
when
Shackleton
left
them
in
his
small
ship.
答案
1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F
B.根据P38-P39课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.Why
was
the
author
turned
down
by
Shackleton?
A.Because
he
was
not
well
prepared.
B.Because
he
was
not
fit
enough.
C.Because
he
was
not
full
of
vigour.
D.Because
he
wasn’t
old
enough
and
lacked
experience.
2.What
can
we
know
about
the
author?
A.He
went
on
aboard
the
ship
without
permission.
B.He
wanted
to
serve
as
a
cook
on
the
ship.
C.He
came
out
of
his
hiding
place
3
days
later.
D.He
was
caught
by
Shackleton
on
the
ship.
答案
D
答案
A
3.How
did
Shackleton
feel
when
they
had
to
abandon
the
ship?
A.He
became
worried.
B.He
remained
calm.
C.He
felt
frightened.
D.He
grew
anxious.
4.What
do
you
think
of
Shackleton?
A.He
is
adventurous
and
responsible.
B.He
is
generous
and
helpful.
C.He
is
strict
but
warm-hearted.
D.He
is
courageous
but
careless.
答案
B
答案
A
重点词汇
1.However,when
I
applied
to
join
the
expedition,Shackleton
turned
me
down
because
he
thought
I
was
too
young
and
wasn’t
qualified.
然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太年轻,不合格。
【词汇精讲】
turn
sb
down拒绝(某人)
He
asked
Jane
to
marry
him,but
she
turned
him
down.
他请求简嫁给他,但她拒绝了。
【词汇拓展】
She
could
not
bear
the
loud
music
and
turned
down
the
volume.
她受不了这么大声的音乐,就把音量调小了。
You
shouldn’t
always
turn
to
the
dictionary
when
you
meet
new
words
in
reading.
阅读的时候遇到生词你不应该总是查字典。
Some
compromises
were
unavoidable,but
the
video
turned
out
perfect.
一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频证明是极好的。
2.But
I
was
so
enthusiastic
about
the
idea
of
going
along
with
them
that
I
secretly
went
aboard
his
ship,the
Endurance,and
hid
in
a
small
cupboard.
但我太热衷于和他们一起去的想法了,所以我偷偷地上了他的船,“坚忍”号,藏在一个小橱柜里。
【词汇精讲1】enthusiastic
adj.热情的;热心的
The
villagers
are
friendly
and
they
always
give
visitors
an
enthusiastic
welcome.
村民们很友好,他们总是热情地欢迎游客。
The
teachers
are
enthusiastic
and
have
a
sense
of
purpose.
教师们很热情并且很有决心。
【词汇拓展1】
I’m
sure
it
will
appeal
to
you,for
you’ve
been
enthusiastic
about
sports.
我确信它会对你有吸引力,因为你一直热衷于体育运动。
We
are
too
tired,but
we
keep
it
up
with
remarkable
enthusiasm.
我们太累了,但我们还是情绪高昂地坚持下去。
【词汇精讲2】aboard
adv.&
prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
We
walked
her
to
the
wharf
and
put
her
aboard
the
ship.
我们陪她走到码头,将她安顿到船上。
The
plane
crashed,killing
all
157
passengers
aboard.
飞机坠毁,机上157名乘客全部遇难。
【词汇拓展2】
The
ship’s
leaving
in
half
an
hour,so
we’d
better
go
aboard
now.
船在半小时内起航,我们最好现在上船。
We
must
not
take
combustible
goods
aboard.
我们切不可带易燃物上车。
3.He
assigned
me
to
be
a
steward,and
I
now
serve
meals
for
twenty-eight
men,three
times
a
day.
他指派我做乘务员,我现在为二十八个人提供膳食,每天三次。
【词汇精讲】
assign
vt.分派;布置;分配
The
two
large
classrooms
have
been
assigned
to
us.
这两间大教室分配给了我们。
The
teacher
assigned
a
different
task
to
each
of
the
children.
老师给每个孩子布置的任务都不相同。
【词汇拓展】
I’ve
been
assigned
to
look
after
the
new
students.
我被指派照顾新生。
You
will
need
to
complete
three
written
assignments
per
semester.
你每学期要完成三个书写任务。
4.How
everyone
will
envy
me
when
I
come
back
and
tell
them
about
the
amazing
places
I
have
been
to!
当我回来告诉他们我去过的神奇的地方时,每个人都会多么羡慕我啊!
【词汇精讲】
envy
n.&
vt.羡慕;妒忌
Gradually
he
began
to
acknowledge
his
feelings
of
envy
towards
his
deskmate.
渐渐地,他开始承认自己羡慕同桌。
I
don’t
envy
the
young
ones
who’ve
become
TV
superstars
and
know
no
other
world.
我不羡慕那些成为超级电视明星但对其他一无所知的年轻人。
The
happiness
that
we
now
enjoy
is
the
envy
of
all
who
know
us.
所有认识我们的人都羡慕我们现在享有的幸福。
【词汇拓展】
He
envied
Rosalind
her
youth
and
strength.
他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和力量。
I
feel
green
with
envy
when
I
see
you
in
your
new
dress.
每当我看到你穿新装时,就感到嫉妒。
I
am
not
envious
of
him,though
he
has
got
an
enviable
job
there.
虽然他在那里谋了一份令人羡慕的工作,但我并不嫉妒他。
5.And
when
the
ship
sank,our
hearts
sank
with
it.
当船沉没时,我们的心也心灰意冷。
【词汇精讲】
sink
vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没
The
wheels
started
to
sink
into
the
mud.
车轮渐渐陷进泥里。
The
boat
was
sunk
by
a
hurricane.
小船被飓风刮沉了。
【词汇拓展】
The
ship
hit
an
iceberg
and
sank
to
the
bottom
of
the
sea.船撞上冰山,沉入海底。
They
lost
all
their
money
and
sank
into
desperate
poverty.
他们失去了所有的钱,陷入了绝望的贫困。
6.Before
we
abandoned
the
ship,Shackleton
calmly
called
us
together
and
told
us
to
rescue
our
most
essential
supplies—the
small
boats,our
food,the
cook
stove,candles,clothes,and
blankets.
在我们弃船前,沙克尔顿平静地把我们招集在一起,让我们挽救最基本的补给——小船、食物、烹饪炉、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
【词汇精讲】
abandon
vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃
The
officers
and
crew
prepared
to
abandon
the
ship
in
an
orderly
fashion.
全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。
The
storm
got
worse
and
worse.Finally,I
was
obliged
to
abandon
the
bike
and
continue
on
foot.
暴风雨愈发猛烈,我最终不得不弃车步行。
【词汇拓展】
He
owned
a
farm,which
looked
almost
abandoned.
他有一个农场,看上去几乎废弃了。
They
should
abandon
playing
computer
games
and
cheating
in
the
exams.
他们应该放弃玩电脑游戏和考试作弊。
7.Their
genuine
concern
for
others,their
perseverance,and
their
resolve
fill
me
with
hope.
他们对别人的真正关爱、他们的毅力和决心使我充满了希望。
【词汇精讲】
resolve
vi.&
vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
Both
sides
met
in
order
to
try
to
resolve
their
differences.
双方会晤以努力解决分歧。
We
must
find
a
way
to
resolve
these
problems
before
it’s
too
late.
我们必须及时找到解决这些问题的方法。
He
made
a
resolve
to
go
on
a
journey
early
in
the
next
morning.
他决意明天一早就去旅行。
【词汇拓展】
She
resolved
to
report
the
matter
to
the
teacher.
她决心向老师汇报这件事情。
He
resolved
not
to
tell
her
the
truth.
他决定不告诉她真相。
She
resolved
that
she
would
never
see
him
again.
她决心再也不见他了。
重点句式
1.Well,it
so
happened
that
one
morning
I
bought
a
newspaper
and
read
the
advertisement
about
the
Antarctic
expedition.
嗯,碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸,看了关于南极探险的广告。
【句式剖析】本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的句子。It
(so)
happens
that...意为“碰巧……”。
It
happened
that
they
spent
their
childhood
in
the
same
village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
Whether
by
accident
or
by
design,it
so
happened
that
she
just
came.
不知是偶然还是故意的,碰巧她刚来。
【句式拓展】
it作形式主语的其他常用句型:
It
occurs/occurred
to
sb
that...某人突然想到……
It
strikes/struck
sb
that...某人突然想到……
It
hits/hit
sb
that...
某人突然想起……
Suddenly
it
hit
me
how
difficult
it
was
for
a
woman
to
get
medical
training
at
that
time.
突然我想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。
It
hit
me
that
I
had
met
him
somewhere.
=It
struck
me
that
I
had
met
him
somewhere.
=It
occurred
to
me
that
I
had
met
him
somewhere.
我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。
2.Without
Frank
and
Ernest,we’d
all
be
dead
by
now.
没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都会死。
【句式剖析】本句是一个含有含蓄虚拟语气的句子,without意为“没有”,引导的是一种含蓄的条件,当表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时,主句用“(could/should/might)+do”,表示与过去事实相反的假设时,主句用“would(could/should/might)+have
done”。
Without
water,there
would
be
no
life
on
earth.
没有水,地球上就没有生命。
【句式拓展】
虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中:
(1)在含有with,without,but
for等介词或介词短语的句子中。
But
for
your
help,I
wouldn’t
have
finished
the
work
on
time.
要是没有你的帮助,我就不能按时完成那项工作。
(2)在含有or,otherwise,but,but
that等连词的句子中。
I
was
busy;otherwise
I
would
have
attended
your
birthday
party.
我很忙,不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。
(3)其他情况。
Given
more
attention,the
trees
would
have
grown
better.
给予更多的关注,这些树会长得更好。
Five
minutes
earlier,you
could
have
met
her
at
the
station.
早来五分钟的话,你就能在车站见到她了。
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
My
name
is
Perce
Blackborow
and
I
have
been
dreaming
of
1
expedition
to
Antarctica
with
Sir
Ernest
Shackleton.One
day,I
read
the
advertisement
about
the
Antarctic
expedition
in
the
newspaper,but
when
I
2
(apply)
to
join
it,I
was
turned
down
because
I
was
too
young
and
inexperienced.I
got
aboard
the
ship
without
3
(permit)
and
hid
in
a
small
cupboard,but
4
(discover)
three
days
later.Shackleton
assigned
me
to
be
a
steward,and
I
cooked
for
twenty-eight
men.How
5
(excite)
I
was!?
The
journey
was
6
(hard)
than
I
expected.When
we
went
near
the
Antarctica,our
ship
became
stuck
7
the
ice
and
got
crushed.Before
abandoning
the
ship,we
were
only
allowed
to
take
some
of
our
necessities
and
throw
away
the
rest.We
were
camping
on
the
ice,but
with
spring
8
(come),the
ice
began
to
melt.?
Having
struggled
for
days,the
conditions
on
Elephant
Island
were
going
from
bad
to
worse.Shackleton
left
us
to
find
help
on
South
Georgia
Island, 9
is
1,330
kilometres
away.There
was
no
food
on
the
island
except
seals
or
penguins
we
sometimes
caught.I
was
in
low
spirit.However,with
the
genuine
concern
of
Frank
and
Ernest,I
was
filled
with
hope
and
thought
there
was
a
chance
we
10 (return)
home,after
all.?
答案
1.an 2.applied 3.permission 4.was
discovered
5.excited 6.harder 7.in 8.coming 9.which
10.would
return
Ⅱ.概要写作
根据课本P38-P39内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Having
read
the
advertisement
about
the
Antarctic
expedition,I
went
to
apply
to
join
it,but
was
turned
down
because
I
was
too
young
and
inexperienced.(要点1)I
slipped
on
the
ship
without
permission,but
was
discovered
3
days
later.Shackleton
had
to
assign
me
to
be
a
steward.(要点2)Our
ship
crashed
by
the
ice;we
had
to
camp
on
the
ice.(要点3)Shackleton
left
us
to
seek
help;we
struggled
to
wait.(要点4)(共31张PPT)
Section
B Learning
About
Language
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.bark
vi.&
n.
?
2.rugby
n.
?
3.bat
n.
vi.&
vt.
?
4.damp
adj.
?
5.recreation
n.
?
6.nephew
n.
?
7.corporate
adj.
?
(狗)吠叫;吠叫声
橄榄球运动
球拍;蝙蝠
用球板击球;挥打;拍打
潮湿的;湿气重的
娱乐;消遣;游戏
侄子;外甥
公司的;法人的;社团的
8.
adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的?
9.
adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的?
10.
n.家具?
11.
adv.幸运地
→
adv.不幸地;遗憾地?
12.
n.指导;引导;导航?
13.
vt.&
vi.公布;宣传;做广告
→
?
n.广告活动;广告业?
cruel
thorough
furniture
fortunately
unfortunately
guidance
advertise
advertising
重点短语
1.
以……的方式?
2.
四面八方?
3.
热衷于?
4.
在……的帮助下?
5.
即使?
6.be
proud
of
?
7.try
one’s
best
?
8.work
as
a
team
?
9.under
one’s
guidance
?
in
a...
manner
in
all
directions
be
enthusiastic
about
with
sb’s
help
even
though
为……自豪
尽某人最大的努力
合作
在……的指导下
重点语法
现在完成进行时
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.cruel
A.detailed
and
careful
2.thorough
B.making
someone
suffer
or
feel
unhappy
3.advertise
C.large
objects
such
as
chairs,tables,beds,and
cupboards
4.nephew
D.a
son
of
your
sister
or
brother;a
son
of
your
husband’s
or
wife’s
sister
or
brother
5.furniture
E.to
tell
the
public
about
a
product
or
service
in
order
to
persuade
them
to
buy
it
答案
1.B 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.C
Ⅲ.选词填空
application,cruel,recreation,thorough,advertise
1.In
order
to
ensure
success
we
must
have
a
complete
and
plan.?
2.It
is
of
humans
to
do
experiments
with
animals.?
3.The
university
welcomes
from
overseas
students.?
4.Emma’s
only
form
of
seems
to
be
shopping.?
5.They
no
longer
alcohol
or
cigarettes
at
sporting
events.?
thorough
cruel
applications
recreation
advertise
重点词汇
1.Unfortunately,his
application
was
turned
down
because
he
was
too
young
and
not
qualified
enough.
不幸的是,他的申请被拒绝了,因为他太年轻,不够资格。
【词汇精讲】
application
n.申请;请求;应用
His
application
for
membership
of
the
organisation
was
rejected.
他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。
The
invention
would
have
wide
application
in
industry.
这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。
【词汇拓展】
In
this
way
they
can
better
apply
theory
to
practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
I
should
apply
for
the
post
if
I
were
you.I
think
you
stand
a
good
chance.
如果我是你的话,我一定去申请这个职位。我认为你大有希望。
Faulks
has
applied
himself
to
this
task
with
considerable
energy.
福克斯为这项任务倾注了大量精力。
2.He
finally
finished
the
research
paper
under
his
tutor’s
guidance.
他最终在导师的指导下完成了研究论文。
【词汇精讲】
guidance
n.指导;引导;导航
There
is
guidance
for
teachers
on
how
to
use
video
in
the
classroom.
有对教师提供的课堂录像教学的指导。
Could
you
give
us
some
guidance
in
studying
this
article?
你给我们辅导一下这篇文章好不好?
【词汇拓展】
Let’s
have
a
look
at
the
TV
guide
and
see
what’s
on.
咱们看看电视节目单上有什么节目。
We
hired
a
local
guide
to
get
us
across
the
mountains.
我们雇了一名当地人做向导带领我们翻山越岭。
She
guided
us
through
the
busy
streets
to
the
cinema.
她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去电影院。
3.The
company
launched
an
advertising
campaign
to
promote
its
corporate
image.
该公司发起了广告活动,以提升其企业形象。
【词汇精讲】
advertising
n.广告活动;广告业
A
good
advertising
campaign
will
increase
our
sales.
良好的广告宣传活动会增加我们的销售量。
This
campaign
is
one
of
the
most
successful
in
the
history
of
advertising.
这一宣传推广是广告史上最为成功的活动之一。
【词汇拓展】
I
would
like
to
apply
for
the
internship
position
that
you
advertised
on
the
Internet.
我想申请您在网上广告的实习职位。
The
newspaper
usually
carries
several
pages
of
advertisements.
这家报纸通常登载数版广告。
Advertising
is
distinguished
from
other
forms
of
communication
in
that
the
advertiser
pays
for
the
message
to
be
delivered.
广告不同于其他形式的传播,因为登广告的人要支付传递信息的费用。
重点语法
现在完成进行时
1.现在完成进行时的构成方法
现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成。其陈述句、一般疑问句和简单回答如下:
现在完成进行时
陈述句
一般疑问句
简单回答
I/We/You/They
have
(not)
been
working...
Have
I/we/you/they
been
working...?
Yes,I/we/you/they
have.
No,I/we/you/they
haven’t.
He/She/It
has
(not)
been
working...
Has
he/she/it
been
working...?
Yes,he/she/it
has.
No,he/she/it
hasn’t.
2.现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也有可能继续进行下去。
I’m
sure
you
will
do
better
in
the
test
because
you
have
been
studying
so
hard
this
year.
我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩,因为这一年里你一直用功学习。
I
have
been
reading
Hemingway’s
A
Farewell
to
Arms
recently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了,武器》。
This
is
what
I
have
been
expecting
since
my
childhood.
这是我从小就一直期待着的事情。
The
tribe
has
been
living
in
a
remote
corner
of
the
Cambodian
jungle.
该部落一直居住在柬埔寨的丛林深处。
(2)表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
We’ve
all
along
been
making
mistakes
like
this.
我们一直犯这样的错误。
Jim
has
been
phoning
Jenny
every
night
for
the
past
week.
过去一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。
You’ve
been
saying
that
for
five
years.
这五年你一直那么说。
(3)现在完成进行时还可表达较重的感彩。
What
have
you
been
doing
to
my
dictionary?
看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了?
3.与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语常见的有:all
day/month;this
month/week/year;these
days;recently/lately;in
the
past
few+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段等。
They
have
been
building
the
bridge
for
two
months.
两个月来他们一直在修桥。
They
have
been
planting
trees
this
month.
这个月他们一直在植树。
Vera
has
been
trying
to
learn
Chinese
for
years.
维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。
4.不能用于现在完成进行时的动词
使用现在完成进行时的句子,表意上需要动词行为具有延续性的特点。因此,某些不具延续性含义的动词,如come,go,marry,die,finish,join等,不适用于现在完成进行时。
5.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续,因此,表示动作的完成,只能用现在完成时,而不能用现在完成进行时。
He
has
changed
his
idea.
他改变了想法。
I
have
already
read
the
book.
我已经读过这本书了。
(2)在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时,应用现在完成进行时。
We
have
been
studying
here
for
two
years.
我们已经在这儿学习了两年。
She
is
very
tired.She’s
been
working
all
morning.
她很累。她干了一上午活了。
(3)在许多情况下,现在完成时表示动作已经完成,而现在完成进行时却并非如此。
He
has
cleaned
the
window.
他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He
has
been
cleaning
the
window.
他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)
(4)有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时,一般不能用于现在完成进行时。
I’ve
known
him
for
many
years.
我认识他有许多年了。
The
war
has
lasted
for
a
long
time.
这场战争持续了很长时间。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The
eye-catching
(advertise)
also
promote
the
increase
in
the
box-office
income.?
答案
advertisements
2.Talking
to
a
network
(guide)
counselor
ahead
of
time
can
also
be
helpful.?
答案
guidance
3.I
hope
you
could
consider
my
(apply)
and
offer
me
an
opportunity.?
答案
application
4.In
Britain,if
you
treat
animals
(cruel),you
will
be
taken
to
court.?
答案
cruelly
5. (unfortunate)
the
new
software
has
failed
to
meet
expectations.?
答案
Unfortunately
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我从早晨一直在写这篇文章,十分钟后就写完了。
I
the
article
since
morning
and
I
will
finish
it
in
ten
minutes.?
答案
have
been
writing
2.上周以来,我一直在读那本书,我还没有读完。
I
that
book
since
last
week
and
I
haven’t
finished
reading
it.?
答案
have
been
reading
3.你到哪里去了?我们到处在找你。
Where
have
you
been?We
for
you
everywhere.?
答案
have
been
looking
4.这些年来,他们一直在为我们杂志写稿。
All
these
years
they
articles
to
our
magazine.?
答案
have
been
contributing
5.因为失业了,露西在考虑重回学校,但是还没有决定。
Now
that
she
is
out
of
a
job,Lucy
going
back
to
school,but
she
hasn’t
decided
yet.?
答案
has
been
considering(共24张PPT)
Section
C Using
Language(Ⅰ)
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.rough
adj.
?
2.navigator
n.
?
3.loyal
adj.
?
4.
n.发动机;马达 adj.有引擎的;机动车的?
5.
n.候选人;应试者?
汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的
领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
忠诚的;忠实的
motor
candidate
重点短语
1.
由……组成?
2.
有时?
3.
为了?
4.arrange
for
sb
to
do
?
5.be
experienced
in
?
6.be
suitable
to
do
?
consist
of
at
times
so
as
to
安排某人做
在……有经验
适合做
重点句式
1.They
sailed
on
rough
seas
for
days
before
they
landed
on
the
side
of
South
Georgia
Island.?
2.What/How
about...?
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.candidate
A.having
an
uneven
surface
2.navigator
B.always
supporting
your
friends,principles,country
etc.
3.loyal
C.a
person
who
is
trying
to
be
elected
or
is
applying
for
a
job
4.motor
D.the
part
of
a
machine
that
makes
it
work
or
move,by
changing
power
5.rough
E.a
person
in
a
vehicle
who
decides
on
the
direction
in
which
the
vehicle
travels
答案
1.C 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.A
Ⅲ.介词填空
1.The
city
is
situated
the
south
side
of
Hengshan
Mountain
and
thus
called
Hengyang.?
2.Romeo
climbed
the
wall
and
landed
softly
in
the
garden
on
the
other
side.?
3.Mary
said
that
she
would
arrange
everything
him.?
4.People
give
many
different
reasons
wanting
to
change
jobs.?
5.As
far
as
I
am
concerned,this
programme
is
not
suitable
children.?
on
over
for
for
for
重点词汇
Later,Shackleton
arranged
for
a
rescue
boat
to
return
to
Elephant
Island.
后来,沙克尔顿安排了一艘救援船返回大象岛。
【词汇精讲】
arrange
vt.安排;筹备;摆放
Can
I
arrange
an
appointment
for
Monday?
我可以安排星期一约见吗?
When
she
has
a
little
spare
time
she
enjoys
arranging
dried
flowers.
她稍有空闲便喜欢摆弄干花。
We’ve
still
got
to
arrange
how
to
get
to
the
airport.
我们还得安排如何到达机场。
【词汇拓展】
We
arranged
for
a
car
to
collect
us
from
the
airport.
我们安排了一辆轿车到机场接我们。
Have
you
arranged
to
meet
him?
你安排好去见他了吗?
We
must
determine
the
actual
situation
and
make
arrangements
accordingly.
我们必须对实际情况做出判断,然后做出相应的安排。
【温馨提示】(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange
for
sb
to
do
sth而不用arrange
sb
to
do
sth。
(2)make
arrangements
(for
sth/for
sb
to
do
sth)中的arrangement常用复数形式。
重点句式
1.They
sailed
on
rough
seas
for
days
before
they
landed
on
the
side
of
South
Georgia
Island.?
他们在波涛汹涌的海面上航行了几天,然后才在南乔治亚岛的
侧登陆。?
【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是They
sailed...,before引导的是时间状语从句。
Do
it
before
you
forget.
趁早动手,免得忘了。
【句式拓展】
before作连词,常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间,译法灵活。
(1)还没来得及……就……
Before
I
could
get
in
a
word,he
had
measured
me.
我还没来得及插话,他就为我量好了尺寸。
(2)……之后才……
We
had
sailed
four
days
and
four
nights
before
we
saw
lands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
(3)在……之前
How
time
flies!Two
weeks
has
gone
by
before
we
know
it.
时间过得真快啊!不知不觉两周过去了。
(4)(不久)就……
John
thinks
it
won’t
be
long
before
he
is
ready
for
his
new
job.
约翰认为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。
(5)趁着……(还没有)
You’d
better
take
the
dictionary
before
he
changes
his
mind.
趁着他还没有改变主意,你最好把字典拿走。
2.What/How
about...?
……怎么样?
【句式剖析】How/What
about...?是常用句型,意为“……怎么样?”介词about后可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式,多用于征求意见。
How
about
beginning
with
the
alphabet?
先从字母教起怎么样?
How/What
about
seeing
the
3D
film
Life
of
Pi?
看3D电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》怎么样?
What/How
about
the
one
on
the
right?
右边的那个怎么样?
【句式拓展】
(1)在What/How
about...?句型中,动词-ing形式前也可有其逻辑主语。
What/How
about
us
going
climbing
on
Sunday?
我们周日去爬山怎么样?
What/How
about
the
four
of
us
having
a
picnic
this
afternoon?
我们四个人下午去野餐如何?
(2)征求对方对某事或某人的看法时还可用下列句型:
What
do
you
think
of...?
How
do
you
like/find...?
What
is/are...like?
What
do
you
think
of
the
school,in
your
honest
opinion?
坦率地说,你认为这个学校怎么样?
How
do
you
like
the
ideas
I
am
giving
you?
你觉得我给你的这些建议怎么样?
Ⅰ.句式升级
1.As
we
all
know,everyone
may
make
mistakes
sometimes.
→As
we
all
know,everyone
may
make
mistakes
.?
答案
at
times
2.He
often
listens
to
music
so
that
he
can
escape
from
the
pressure
of
work.
→He
often
listens
to
music
escape
from
the
pressure
of
work.?
答案
so
as
to
3.How
about
your
campus
life?Please
write
to
me
soon
and
tell
me
about
it.
→
your
campus
life?Please
write
to
me
soon
and
tell
me
about
it.?
答案
What
about
4.A
computer
is
made
up
of
thousands
of
different
parts.
→A
computer
thousands
of
different
parts.?
答案
consists
of
5.They
have
to
decide
which
one
they
can
choose.
→They
have
to
decide
which
one
.?
答案
to
choose
Ⅱ.语法填空
April
16th,1916
Moving
to
Elephant
Island
was
a
dangerous
undertaking, 1
it
was
not
our
first.We
had
struggled
onto
the
ice
2
(make)
camp
when
the
Endurance
was
stuck.The
ice
3 (constant)
broke
up
at
night
because
of
the
warmth
of
our
bodies
and
we
often
dropped
into
the
freezing
water
while
4 (sleep).Though
we
were
in
an
unbearable
situation,we
tried
to
make
our
daily
life
5 (cheer)
with
singing
and
making
fun
of
each
other.Our
circumstance
improved
6
we
saw
the
solid
land
of
Elephant
Island
appear
on
the
horizon.Shackleton
gave
us
no
time
to
mourn
the
7
(fail)
of
our
expedition.He
encouraged
us
all
with
advice
to
prevent
sickness.Without
his
faith
8
we
would
indeed
survive,we
might
all
give
away
to
despair.
Anyhow
we
9 (prepare)
to
follow
his
advice
and
on
this
day
climbed
into
the
three
small
open
10 (boat)
ready
for
the
journey.?
答案
1.but 2.to
make 3.constantly 4.sleeping
5.cheerful 6.when 7.failure 8.that 9.prepared
10.boats(共10张PPT)
单元重点小结
主题语境
探险
重点词汇
1.turn
sb
down拒绝(某人)
turn
down拒绝;调小
turn
to求助于;翻到(书的某页);查阅
turn
away
拒绝……入内;把……打发走
turn
up出现;露面;调大
turn
out
证明是;结果是;赶走;生产
turn
over
打翻;翻身;移交
turn
in上交
2.enthusiastic
adj.热情的;热心的
be
enthusiastic
about对……很热情
enthusiasm
n.热情
enthusiast
n.热衷……的人;爱好者
3.aboard
adv.&
prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
go
aboard上船(飞机等)
take
aboard带到船(飞机等)上
4.assign
vt.分派;布置;分配
assign
sb
sth=assign
sth
to
sb把某物分派给某人
assign
sb
to
do
sth指派某人做某事
assignment
n.工作;任务;分派
5.envy
n.&
vt.羡慕;妒忌
envy
sb
sth羡慕/妒忌某人某事
with
envy
羡慕地
enviable
adj.令人羡慕的
envious
adj.羡慕的;嫉妒的
be
envious
of嫉妒……
6.sink
vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没
sink
into陷入;沉入;坐进
sink
sth
into
sth把……插入;把……埋入
7.abandon
vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃
abandon
oneself
to...沉湎于……;纵情于……
abandon
doing
sth
放弃做某事
abandoned
adj.
被遗弃的;放纵的
be
abandoned
to
沉湎于……
8.resolve
vi.&
vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念
resolve
to
do
sth决定做某事
resolve
that...决定……
resolution
n.决议;解决;坚定
9.application
n.申请;请求;应用
apply
vt.涂;应用 vi.申请;请求;使用
apply...to...把……运用到……中;把……涂到……上
apply
oneself
to
致力于;集中精力于
apply
to...
适应/适用……
apply
(to...)
for...(向……)申请……
applicant
n.申请人
10.guidance
n.指导;引导;导航
give
sb
guidance
on/about给某人有关……的指导
under
the
guidance
of在……的指导下
guide
n.导游;手册 vt.指导;给……领路
11.advertising
n.广告活动;广告业
advertise
vt.&
vi.公布;宣传;做广告
advertisement
n.广告
advertiser
n.广告商;广告人员;登广告者
12.arrange
vt.安排;筹备;摆放
arrange
sth
for
sb为某人安排某事
arrange
to
do
sth安排做某事
arrange
for
sb/sth
to
do
sth确保某事发生
arrangement
n.安排;筹备;布置;整理
make
arrangements
for为……做好安排
13.ahead
of在……前面
ahead
of
schedule/time提前
14.make
fire生火
be
on
fire失火
set
fire
to放火烧
put
out
the
fire灭火
catch
fire着火
15.give
off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give
in屈服;投降;让步;上交
give
in
to向……让步
give
away分发;赠送;泄露
give
out
分发;用完;耗尽
give
up
放弃
mitment
n.承诺;保证;奉献
make
a
commitment
做出承诺
commit
vt.&
vi.全心全意投入;犯错;承诺
commit
oneself
to
(doing)
sth
专心致志于;承诺/保证(做)某事
committed
adj.尽心尽力的;尽责的;效忠的;坚定的
be
committed
to
(doing)
sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
重点句型
1.Well,it
so
happened
that
one
morning
I
bought
a
newspaper
and
read
the
advertisement
about
the
Antarctic
expedition.
2.Without
Frank
and
Ernest,we’d
all
be
dead
by
now.
3.They
sailed
on
rough
seas
for
days
before
they
landed
on
the
side
of
South
Georgia
Island.?
4.What/How
about...?
5.What
if
they
were
delayed?
6.If
it
weren’t
for
sea
animals,we
would
all
starve.
重点语法
现在完成进行时
1.I
have
been
reading
Hemingway’s
A
Farewell
to
Arms
recently.
2.Jim
has
been
phoning
Jenny
every
night
for
the
past
week.
3.What
have
you
been
doing
to
my
dictionary?
4.The
two
parties
have
been
trying
to
unite
since
the
New
Year.
5.She
is
very
tired.She’s
been
working
all
morning.(共44张PPT)
Section
D Using
Language(Ⅱ)
&
Assessing
Your
Progress
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
重点词汇
1.episode
n.
?
2.Confucianism
n.
?
3.
n.承诺;保证;奉献?
4.
n.动机;原因;目的?
(人生的)一段经历;(小说的)片段;插曲
孔子学说;儒家(学说)
commitment
motive
重点短语
1.
生火?
2.
放出(热、光、气味或气体)?
3.
远航?
4.
在……前面?
5.
感到绝望?
6.cheer
sb
up
?
7.make
sb
ill
?
8.pay
back
?
9.in
good
spirits
?
10.sign
up
for
?
make
fire
give
off
sail
away
ahead
of
feel
desperate
使……振奋起来
使某人生病
偿还;回报
良好的心态
报名参加
重点句式
1.What
if
they
were
delayed?
2.If
it
weren’t
for
sea
animals,we
would
all
starve.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P44-P45课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。
1.The
sailors
wondered
whether
Shackleton
would
return
to
find
them.
2.The
sailors
did
all
they
could
to
stay
alive
on
Elephant
Island.
3.It
was
quite
easy
to
find
food
on
Elephant
Island.
4.Wearing
too
many
clothes
was
very
safe
on
the
island.
5.The
sailors
believed
in
Shackleton
who
helped
them
persevere
in
staying
alive.
答案
1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T
B.根据P44-P45课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What
can
we
know
about
the
sailors
from
the
first
paragraph?
A.They
had
mixed
feelings
at
the
time.
B.They
were
sure
they
would
be
saved.
C.They
had
no
faith
in
Shackleton.
D.They
all
wanted
to
go
with
Shackleton.
2.What
was
the
most
important
thing
for
the
sailors
on
Elephant
Island?
A.Making
fire.
B.Finding
trees.
C.Getting
oil.
D.Surviving.
答案
A
答案
D
3.What
is
the
fourth
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.The
shortage
of
food
and
vegetables.
B.The
effects
of
the
changing
weather.
C.The
spread
of
illnesses
there.
D.The
clothes
they
wore.
4.Which
of
the
following
best
describes
Shackleton?
A.He
was
a
warm-hearted
man.
B.He
was
a
man
of
his
word.
C.He
was
a
generous
man.
D.He
was
a
mean
man.
答案
B
答案
B
重点词汇
1.It
was
easy
to
imagine
the
danger
ahead
of
them.
很容易想象他们面临的危险。
【词汇精讲】
ahead
of在……前面
There
were
still
four
people
ahead
of
me
in
the
long
queue.在长长的队里还有四个人排在我前面。
London
is
about
five
hours
ahead
of
New
York.
伦敦时间比纽约时间早五小时左右。
【词汇拓展】
ahead
of
schedule/time提前
They
made
up
their
minds
to
finish
the
work
ahead
of
schedule/time.
他们决定提前完成工作。
2.But
how
could
we
make
fire?
但是,我们如何生火?
【词汇精讲】
make
fire生火
He
has
to
learn
how
to
collect
water,hunt
for
food,and
make
fire.
他必须学会怎样取水,怎样猎取食物和生火。
Did
you
know
that
you
can
make
fire
from
ice?
你知道你能用冰生火吗?
【词汇拓展】
Dozens
of
people
have
been
injured
and
many
vehicles
were
on
fire.
很多人受了伤,多辆车起火。
When
the
theatre
caught
fire,there
was
a
panic.
剧院失火引起一阵恐慌。
3.This
gave
off
oily,black
smoke,but
it
stayed
burning
even
in
strong
winds.
它散发出油性的黑烟,但即使在强风下也会继续燃烧。
【词汇精讲】
give
off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
If
plastic
and
rubber
are
burnt,they’ll
give
off
poisonous
gases.
要是塑料和橡胶被焚,就会放出有毒气体。
Fireflies
give
off
flashes
of
light
when
they
fly
at
night.
萤火虫夜间飞行时会发光。
【词汇拓展】
He
was
about
to
give
up
when
a
good
idea
began
to
form
in
his
mind.
他正要放弃时有了一个好主意。
I
gave
away
my
collection
of
stamps
to
the
little
boy.
我把我收集的邮票送给了那个小男孩。
4.And
he
paid
us
back
by
his
commitment
to
save
us
from
a
slow
but
painful
death.
他用承诺来回报我们,让我们免于缓慢而痛苦的死亡。
【词汇精讲】
commitment
n.承诺;保证;奉献
We
made
a
commitment
to
keep
working
together.
我们承诺继续合作。
Our
commitment
will
be
of
the
highest
order.
我们一诺千金。
【词汇拓展】
I
think
I
would
rather
not
commit
myself
to
going
with
you.
我想我不愿答应跟你一起去。
He
committed
an
unforgivable
error
in
handling
this
business.
他在处理这一业务时犯了一个不可原谅的错误。
The
government
is
committed
to
greatly
developing
education
in
the
country.
政府决心要大力发展本国的教育事业。
重点句式
1.What
if
they
were
delayed?
如果他们被耽搁了呢?
【句式剖析】What
if...?“即使……又怎样/倘若……将会怎样?”,常用来表示假定或假设。
What
if
I
stick
my
head
out
of
the
window?
如果我把头伸出窗外会怎么样?
—The
train
is
due
to
arrive
at
12
sharp.
—What
if
we
can’t
get
to
the
station
on
time?
——火车预计12点整到达。
——如果我们不能按时到达车站怎么办?
【句式拓展】
(1)What
if...还可用来表示建议或要求。
What
if...表示邀请或建议时,意思是“如果……怎么样”“如果……如何”。
What
if
you
join
us
for
lunch?
同我们一起吃午饭怎么样?
What
if
we
moved
the
sofa
over
here?Would
that
look
better?
要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样?看上去会不会好一些?
(2)常与so连用,意为“就算……那又怎样?”
So
what
if
we’re
a
little
late?
就算我们迟到一会儿那又怎样?
So
what
if
nobody
else
agrees
with
me?
就算没有一个人赞成我的意见,那又怎么样?
【温馨提示】若句意清楚,so
what
if...有时可省略成so
what?
—Someone
will
see
you
doing
it.
—So
what?
——会有人看见你做这事的。
——看见又怎样?
2.If
it
weren’t
for
sea
animals,we
would
all
starve.
如果不是海洋动物,我们都会挨饿。
【句式剖析】本句是一个含有虚拟条件句的复合句。we
would
all
starve是主句,if引导的是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,I
would
ring
him
up.
我要是知道他的电话号码,我就给他打电话了。
【句式拓展】
虚拟语气的用法如下:
时间
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
将来
一般过去时
(be用were)
would/should/might/could+动词原形
现在
一般过去时
(be用were)
would/should/might/could+动词原形
过去
过去完成时
would/should/might/could
have+过去分词
If
there
were
no
subjective
mood,English
would
be
much
easier.
要是没有虚拟语气,英语就会容易多了。
If
it
rained
tomorrow,the
sports
meet
would
be
put
off.
要是明天下雨,运动会就推迟。
If
I
had
seen
the
film,I
would
have
told
you
about
it.
我如果看过这场电影,我就把电影内容告诉你了。
文化意识
Perce
Blackborow
Perce
Blackborow
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
and
colourful
members
of
the
expedition
in
that
he
never
should
have
been
on
board
the
Endurance
in
the
first
place
and
was
a
stowaway(偷渡者)—probably
the
only
one
ever
on
an
Antarctic
expedition.
In
1914
he
found
himself
far
from
home
in
Buenos
Aires
without
a
ship.He
met
and
befriended
an
American
sailor,William
Bakewell,who
was
in
the
same
situation.When
the
Endurance
sailed
into
port
and
three
of
the
crew
were
sacked(解雇),the
two
men
thought
their
problems
were
solved.They
both
applied
for
positions
on
board.Shackleton
interviewed
them
both
and
Bakewell
was
accepted
while
Blackborow
was
not
due
to
his
age
and
lack
of
experience.
He
was
smuggled(偷渡)
on
board
with
the
help
of
Bakewell
and
hidden
in
a
locker
where
his
two
friends
would
take
food
for
him
on
a
regular
basis.He
was
eventually
discovered
when
the
Endurance
was
three
days
out
of
port.Shackleton
was
unhappy
at
him
being
there,but
realised
he
had
no
choice
and
offered
him
a
position
of
steward.
Blackborow
was
quiet,quick
witted
and
well
liked.He
also
came
to
prove
himself
however
as
a
very
conscientious(认真的)
sailor.
On
the
boat
journey
from
where
the
Endurance
sank
to
Elephant
Island,Blackborow
made
the
mistake
of
wearing
leather
rather
than
the
cold-weather
felt
boots
that
the
other
men
wore
and
as
a
result
developed
frost-bite(冻伤)
in
his
toes
that
then
turned
very
serious.Shackleton
realised
that
Blackborow
was
suffering
on
this
journey
and
gave
him
the
honour
of
being
the
first
person
to
set
foot
upon
Elephant
Island.When
they
arrived,he
was
unable
to
walk
ashore
and
had
to
crawl
through
the
surf.Shortly
afterwards,he
had
all
of
the
toes
on
his
left
foot
cut
off
by
the
surgeons
Macklin
and
McIllroy.
Perce
Blackborow
became
assistant
to
the
expedition
cook,first
aboard
ship
and
on
the
ice,working
from
early
morning
till
evening,preparing
meals
for
28
hungry
men.
When
on
the
ice,they
cooked
on
a
stove
that
was
heated
by
burning
seal
or
penguin
blubber,a
very
smoky
fuel
which
gave
them
permanently
blackened
faces
and
earned
them
the
nicknames
of
“Potash
and
Perlmutter”.
高分写作
假定你是李华,你们学校英语网站邀请你撰写一篇介绍著名探险家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿的文章刊登在网站上。要点如下:
姓名
欧内斯特·沙克尔顿
出生日期
1874.2.15
评价
著名探险家
主要经历
(1)10岁时随家人搬到伦敦;
(2)1901年加入南极探险,因病被遣送回家;
(3)他带领船队(“坚忍”号)横跨南极远征,途中船沉,被困冰面数月后获救;
(4)1922年1月5日,因心脏病在另一次南极探险途中去世。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:跨南极远征the
Trans-Antarctic
Expedition
一、审题定调
1.确定体裁:本次写作是人物介绍,介绍著名探险家欧内斯特·沙克尔顿的生平;
2.确定人称:本文要用第三人称;
3.确定时态:以一般过去时为主。
二、谋篇布局
本文属于记叙文,写作时可按照时间顺序来布局。
首先:介绍探险家的童年;
其次:介绍探险家的探险过程;
最后:人们的评价。
三、核心词汇
1.be
born
in/into...出生于
2.due
to
his
illness由于疾病
3.devoted
to致力于……
4.drift
on漂移
5.suffer
a
heart
attack患心脏病
6.be
regarded
as被认为是
四、高级句式
1.沙克尔顿在伦敦长大,
10岁时他的家人搬到了那里。(where引导的定语从句)
Shackleton
was
raised
in
London,where
his
family
moved
when
he
was
10.
2.1901年参加了一次南极探险,但由于生病,他很早就被送回了家。(due
to)
He
joined
an
expedition
to
the
Antarctica
in
1901,but
was
sent
home
early
due
to
his
illness.
3.他致力于探索南极,领导了跨南极远征。(devoted
to作状语)
Devoted
to
exploring
the
Antarctica,he
led
the
Trans-Antarctic
Expedition.
4.沙克尔顿最终救出了他的船员,他们都活了下来。(“代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句)
Shackleton
eventually
rescued
his
crew,all
of
whom
survived.
5.1922年1月5日,在另一次南极探险时,沙克尔顿因心脏病发作而在船上去世。
On
January
5,1922,Shackleton
suffered
a
heart
attack
on
his
ship
and
died
while
setting
out
on
another
Antarctic
expedition.
五、连句成文
参考范文
Ernest
Shackleton
Ernest
Shackleton
was
born
on
February
15,1874
in
Ireland
and
he
was
raised
in
London,where
his
family
moved
when
Shackleton
was
10.He
joined
an
expedition
to
the
Antarctica
in
1901,but
was
sent
home
early
due
to
his
illness.Devoted
to
exploring
the
Antarctica,he
led
the
Trans-Antarctic
Expedition.Disaster
struck
when
his
ship,the
Endurance,was
crushed
by
ice.He
and
his
crew
drifted
on
sheets
of
ice
for
months
until
they
reached
Elephant
Island.Shackleton
eventually
rescued
his
crew,all
of
whom
survived.On
January
5,1922,Shackleton
suffered
a
heart
attack
on
his
ship
and
died
while
setting
out
on
another
Antarctic
expedition.Ernest
Shackleton
was
regarded
as
one
of
the
most
famous
explorers
in
the
world.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
When
we
watched
Shackleton
and
the
boat
sailed
away
1
Elephant
Island,we
felt
low
and
2
(discourage).But
it
was
not
for
long.A
good
dinner
and
some
music
made
us
3
(cheer)
again.Life
fell
into
a
regular
pattern
for
us.We
had
to
find
food
and
4
(drink)
water
and
also
had
to
deal
with
the
changing
temperature. 5
twenty-two
of
us
lived
like
this
in
the
cold
for
four
months.We
were
6
(luck)
that
our
group
worked
hard
to
show
an
admirable
mental
attitude
and
dealt
with
our
ever-present
fear
7
a
positive
and
successful
way.When
we
were
8
(final)
rescued,we
felt
such
relief
and
joy
that
many
of
us
could
not
hide
our
tears.It
was
our
9
(optimistic)
and
faith
in
Shackleton
that
had
helped
us
persevere
in
staying
alive.And
he
paid
us
back
by
his
commitment
10
(save)
us
from
a
slow
but
painful
death.?
答案
1.from 2.discouraged 3.cheerful 4.drinking
5.The 6.lucky 7.in 8.finally 9.optimism 10.to
save
Ⅱ.概要写作
根据课本P44-P45内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Left
behind,as
Shackleton
and
the
boat
sailed
away,we
felt
low
and
discouraged.(要点1)But
soon
we
cheered
up
again.(要点2)
As
there
were
no
food
and
water
on
the
island,we
had
to
struggle
to
stay
alive
in
the
extreme
weather
and
deal
with
the
difficulties
positively
and
successfully.(要点3)
Our
optimism
and
faith
in
Shackleton
paid
us
back
and
we
were
finally
rescued
four
months
later.(要点4)
