考点13
书面表达概要写作
Writing
1（2020·上海市大同中学高三期中）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
wors
as
far
as
possible.
Pedestrians
only
The
concept
of
traffic-free
shopping
areas
goes
back
a
long
time.
During
the
Middle
Ages,
traffic-free
shopping
areas
were
built
to
allow
people
to
shop
in
comfort
and,
more
importantly,
safety.
The
modern,
traffic-free
shopping
street
was
born
in
Europe
in
the
1960s,
when
both
city
populations
and
car
ownership
increased
rapidly.
Dirty
exhaust
fumes
from
cars
and
the
risks
involved
in
crossing
the
road
were
beginning
to
make
shopping
an
unpleasant
and
dangerous
experience.
Many
believed
the
time
was
right
for
experimenting
with
car-free
streets,
and
shopping
areas
seemed
the
best
place
to
start.
At
first,
there
was
resistance
from
shopkeepers.
They
believed
that
such
a
move
would
be
bad
for
business.
They
argued
that
people
would
avoid
streets
if
they
were
unable
to
get
to
them
in
their
cars.
When
the
first
streets
in
Europe
were
closed
to
traffic,
there
were
even
noisy
demonstrations,
as
many
shopkeepers
predicted
they
would
lose
customers.
However,
research
carried
out
afterwards
in
several
European
cities
revealed
some
unexpected
statistics.
In
Munich,
Cologne
and
Hamburg,
visitors
to
shopping
areas
increased
by
50
percent.
On
Copenhagen’s
main
shopping
street,
shopkeepers
reported
sales
increases
of
25-40
percent.
Shopkeepers
in
Minneapolis,
USA,
were
so
impressed
when
they
learnt
this
that
they
even
offered
to
pay
for
the
construction
and
maintenance
costs
of
their
own
traffic-free
streets.
With
the
arrival
of
the
traffic-free
shopping
street,
many
shops,
especially
those
selling
things
like
clothes,
food
and
smaller
luxury
items,
prospered.
Unfortunately,
it
wasn’t
good
news
for
everyone,
as
shops
selling
furniture
and
larger
electrical
appliances
actually
saw
their
sales
drop.
Many
of
these
were
forced
to
move
elsewhere,
away
from
the
city
centre.
Today
they
are
a
common
feature
on
the
outskirts
of
towns
and
cities,
often
situated
in
out-of-town
retail
zones
with
their
own
car
parks
and
other
local
facilities.
【答案】The
idea
of
traffic-free
shopping
areas
appeared
long
ago.
In
the
1960s,
the
modern,
pedestrian
shopping
street
came
into
existence
for
a
cleaner
and
safer
shopping
environment.
At
first,
shopkeepers
objected
that
it
would
affect
business.
Actually,
the
idea
resulted
in
better
sales
and
gained
support
later.
However,
shops
selling
large
products
lost
customers
and
had
to
move
to
outskirts.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，无交通的购物区在很久以前就出现了，步行街的出现追溯到20世纪60年代。起初步行街的概念遭到了很多店主的反对，认为会影响生意，但后来销售量的增长让他们改变了看法。但是售卖大型商品的商店不得不搬到了郊区。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①The
concept
of
traffic-free
shopping
areas
goes
back
a
long
time.
②The
modern,
traffic-free
shopping
street
was
born
in
Europe
in
the
1960s,
when
both
city
populations
and
car
ownership
increased
rapidly.
③Dirty
exhaust
fumes
from
cars
and
the
risks
involved
in
crossing
the
road
were
beginning
to
make
shopping
an
unpleasant
and
dangerous
experience.
④At
first,
there
was
resistance
from
shopkeepers.
⑤They
believed
that
such
a
move
would
be
bad
for
business.
⑥In
Munich,
Cologne
and
Hamburg,
visitors
to
shopping
areas
increased
by
50
percent.
⑦On
Copenhagen’s
main
shopping
street,
shopkeepers
reported
sales
increases
of
25-40
percent.
⑧Unfortunately,
it
wasn’t
good
news
for
everyone,
as
shops
selling
furniture
and
larger
electrical
appliances
actually
saw
their
sales
drop.
⑨Many
of
these
were
forced
to
move
elsewhere,
away
from
the
city
centre.
⑩Today
they
are
a
common
feature
on
the
outskirts
of
towns
and
cities,
often
situated
in
out-of-town
retail
zones
with
their
own
car
parks
and
other
local
facilities.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3个要点进行整合，将第4、5个要点进行整合，将6、7个要点进行整合，将第8、9、10个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
The
modern,
traffic-free
shopping
street
for
a
pleased
and
safe
shopping
environment.
At
the
beginning,
shopkeepers
resisted
it
with
the
reason
that
it
will
influence
their
business.
Shops
selling
furniture
and
larger
electrical
appliances
actually
saw
their
sales
drop,
which
were
forced
to
move
to
outskirts
of
towns
and
cities
for
it
is
convenient
to
park
cars.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
In
the
1960s,
the
modern,
pedestrian
shopping
street
came
into
existence
for
a
cleaner
and
safer
shopping
environment.（用for加两个名词短语的形式概括了第2、3个要点，简洁明了且概括准确）
[高分句型2]
At
first,
shopkeepers
objected
that
it
would
affect
business.（用that引导的宾语从句概括了起初店主们反对步行街的理由）
[高分句型3]
However,
shops
selling
large
products
lost
customers
and
had
to
move
to
outskirts.（用however转折句表明此处与前文的对比关系）
Writing2（2020·上海金山区·高三一模）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Will
people
reduce
car
use
in
20
years？
Nowadays,
the
ownership
of
cars
is
no
longer
being
recognized
as
a
symbol
of
one’s
wealth
and
social
position.
Tracking
back
to
the
past
when
only
the
rich
were
qualified
to
possess
private
cars,
we
couldn’t
help
marveling
at
the
historic
change
such
a
convenient
invention
brought
to
people’s
daily
lives.
Nevertheless,
the
increase
in
the
number
of
car
owners
is
spelling
many
negative
effects.
These
rising
problems
also
cause
some
people
to
predict
that
the
use
of
cars
might
be
reduced
in
two
decades.
Above
all,
the
use
of
cars
remarkably
threatens
our
environment,
if
such
a
tendency
is
not
brought
under
control
in
time,
the
Earth
will
no
longer
be
a
suitable
place
for
humans
to
survive
in
the
future.
People
have
to
face
the
consequence.
It
is
a
reality
from
which
no
one
is
able
to
escape.
Every
day,
thousands
of
private
cars
are
emitting
tons
of
exhausted
gas
that
seriously
pollutes
the
air.
The
carbon
dioxide
leads
to
the
worldwide
greenhouse
effect,
which
causes
the
sea
level
to
rise
and
produces
negative
impacts
on
weather.
In
addition,
more
energy
is
being
wasted
because
of
the
production
of
private
cars.
In
order
to
build
a
resource-conserving
and
environment-friendly
society,
people
ought
to
reduce
the
use
of
cars.
In
fact,
diversified
measures
are
being
taken
by
the
government
to
limit
the
use
of
cars.
If
such
a
tendency
continues,
the
effect
will
be
shown
in
the
near
future.
For
example,
to
reach
the
goal
of
building
a
safe
and
harmonious
society,
Beijing
Traffic
Management
Bureau
has
restricted
regional
traffic
in
rush
hours
on
working
days.
A
number
of
private
cars
are
prohibited
on
no-driving-days.
Last,
the
advancement
of
public
transportation
systems
also
helps
change
car
owners’
way
of
travelling.
Efforts
are
being
made
to
construct
more
agreeable
networks
of
buses,
subways,
trains
and
airplanes.
In
the
meanwhile,
advances
in
technology
might
help
cut
down
the
cost
of
travelling
in
public
vehicles.
【答案】Despite
its
symbolization
of
wealth
in
the
past
and
great
changes
to
people’s
life,
cars
have
caused
many
negative
effects.
First,
by
emitting
greenhouse
gases,
they
threaten
the
environment.
Besides,
energy-consuming
cars
are
not
sustainable
to
the
society.
Therefore,
the
government
has
taken
various
measures
like
restrictions.
Last,
public
transport
is
a
good
remedy
thanks
to
the
high-tech.
(58words)
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有汽车已不是财富和社会地位的象征，有车一族数量的增加带来了许多负面影响，威胁着我们的环境，浪费了更多的能源，并提出人们应该减少汽车的使用，通过政府采取措施，公共交通系统进步改变人们出行方式，技术进步降低乘坐公共交通成本等方法减少私家车的使用。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
①Tracking
back
to
the
past
when
only
the
rich
were
qualified
to
possess
private
cars,
we
couldn’t
help
marveling
at
the
historic
change
such
a
convenient
invention
brought
to
people’s
daily
lives.
②Nevertheless,
the
increase
in
the
number
of
car
owners
is
spelling
many
negative
effects.
③Every
day,
thousands
of
private
cars
are
emitting
tons
of
exhausted
gas
that
seriously
pollutes
the
air.
④In
addition,
more
energy
is
being
wasted
because
of
the
production
of
private
cars.
⑤In
fact,
diversified
measures
are
being
taken
by
the
government
to
limit
the
use
of
cars.
⑥In
the
meanwhile,
advances
in
technology
might
help
cut
down
the
cost
of
travelling
in
public
vehicles.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组；将3、4两个要点进行整合；将5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Despite
its
symbolization
of
wealth
in
the
past
and
great
changes
to
people’s
life,
cars
have
caused
many
negative
effects.
By
emitting
greenhouse
gases,
they
threaten
the
environment.
Energy-consuming
cars
are
not
sustainable
to
the
society.
the
government
has
taken
various
measures
like
restrictions.
public
transport
is
a
good
remedy
thanks
to
the
high-tech.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Despite
its
symbolization
of
wealth
in
the
past
and
great
changes
to
people’s
life,
cars
have
caused
many
negative
effects.
运用介词“Despite+名词”表示“即使”，对原文第一段进行了概括。表达高级。
[高分句型2]：By
emitting
greenhouse
gases,
they
threaten
the
environment.
用介词短语作方式状语对第二段的大量使用私家车造成空气污染的消极影响进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Writing3（2020·上海浦东新区·高三一模）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Solving
the
Problem
of
E-Waste
One
of
the
problems
damaging
our
planet
is
the
number
of
things
we
throw
away.
A
more
recent
addition
to
the
list
of
things
we
chuck
away
is
e-waste
-
electronic
items
that
are
broken
and
not
recycled.
Tonnes
of
televisions,
phones,
and
other
electronic
equipment
are
discarded
chiefly
because
we
lack
the
skills
to
repair
them.
Fortunately,
now
solutions
are
being
found
to
give
e-waste
a
new
life.
There's
a
growing
trend
for
repair
events
and
clubs
which
could
be
part
of
a
solution
to
the
growing
amount
of
electrical
and
electronic
junk.
A
Restart
Project
in
London,
is
one
that
many
found
around
the
world.
One
of
its
volunteers,
Francesco
Calo,
said
that
"this
project
allows
you
to
reduce
waste,
extend
the
life
of
objects,
and
it
helps
people
who
cannot
afford
to
get
rid
of
items
that
have
developed
a
fault.
As
many
electrical
items
contain
valuable
metals,
another
idea
is
e-waste
mining.
An
experiment
at
the
University
of
New
South
Wales
involves
extracting
these
materials
from
electronic
appliances.
It's
thought
that
doing
this
could
be
more
profitable
than
traditional
mining.
These
projects
make
total
sense
---
collections
of
e-waste
for
recycling
are
depressing
or
even
decreasing"
according
to
Ruediger
Kuehr,
of
the
United
Nations
University.
And
in
countries
where
there
is
no
laws,
much
of
it
just
gets
dumped.
However,
the
European
Union,
for
example,
is
trying
to
tackle
the
problem
by
insisting
manufacturers
have
to
make
appliances
longer-lasting
and
will
have
to
supply
spare
parts
for
machines
for
up
to
10
years.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One
of
the
problems
destroying
our
planet
is
the
stuff
we
throw
away,
especially
broken
and
not
recycled
electronic
items.
Fortunately,
people
are
finding
solutions
to
give
e-waste
a
new
life.
Repair
events
as
well
as
club
could
be
of
help,
and
e-waste
mining
is
also
a
new
way
to
deal
with
the
problem
of
e-waste.
Besides,
there
are
even
laws
insisting
manufacturers
make
appliances
longer-lasting
in
some
countries.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，破坏人类地球环境的问题之一是我们扔掉的东西太多了。近年来，在我们扔掉的东西清单上又增加了一项——坏了、无法回收的电子产品。本文介绍一些用来处理电子垃圾问题的新方法。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
①One
of
the
problems
damaging
our
planet
is
the
number
of
things
we
throw
away..
②
now
solutions
are
being
found
to
give
e-waste
a
new
life.
③There's
a
growing
trend
for
repair
events
and
clubs
which
could
be
part
of
a
solution
to
the
growing
amount
of
electrical
and
electronic
junk.
④As
many
electrical
items
contain
valuable
metals,
another
idea
is
e-waste
mining.
⑤the
European
Union,
for
example,
is
trying
to
tackle
the
problem
by
insisting
manufacturers
have
to
make
appliances
longer-lasting
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
One
of
the
problems
destroying
our
planet
is
the
stuff
we
throw
away,
especially
broken
and
not
recycled
electronic
items.
Fortunately,
People
are
finding
solutions
to
give
e-waste
a
new
life.
Repair
events
as
well
as
club
could
be
of
help,
and
e-waste
mining
is
also
a
new
ways
to
deal
with
the
problem
of
e-waste.
Besides,
there
are
even
laws
insisting
manufacturers
make
appliances
longer-lasting
in
some
countries.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
One
of
the
problems
destroying
our
planet
is
the
stuff
we
throw
away,
especially
broken
and
not
recycled
electronic
items.
运用一个定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]：
Repair
events
as
well
as
club
could
be
of
help,
and
e-waste
mining
is
also
a
new
way
to
deal
with
the
problem
of
e-waste.
用并列句对三四段内容进行概括。
Writing
4（2020·上海杨浦区·高三期末）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
What
Is
Zero
Waste?
The
goal
of
the
“zero
waste”
movement
is
to
get
rid
of
all
waste
from
products.
“Zero
waste”
means
using
every
part
of
a
product.
Today,
the
zero
waste
idea
can
be
found
everywhere
from
food
to
fashion.
Creating
a
zero
waste
restaurant
is
a
challenge.
It
is
very
difficult
to
use
every
part
of
produce
and
leave
nothing
behind.
Creating
a
soup
from
unused
ingredients
is
a
popular
way
to
use
up
extra
food
items.
Other
ways
are
more
advanced.
Some
restaurants
use
coffee
grounds（咖啡渣）to
flavor
dishes.
Some
cooks
also
crush
shrimp
shells
and
reuse
them
in
sauces.
While
it’s
challenging,
zero
waste
restaurants
appear
to
be
on
the
rise.
In
the
fashion
industry,
zero
waste
isn’t
a
new
idea.
But
in
today’s
world
of
fast
fashion,
zero
waste
is
growing
more
popular.
Usually,
cutting
cloth
creates
lots
of
waste.
In
zero
waste
fashion,
designers
try
to
avoid
this.
One
way
to
do
so
is
by
adding
these
extra
pieces
of
cloth
to
the
final
design.
Another
way
is
to
design
clothing
without
wasteful
cuts.
Beyond
restaurants
and
fashion,
there
are
many
other
possibilities
for
zero
waste
products.
All
restaurants
need
utensils（器皿）.
Bakey’s
is
a
company
that
is
developing
edible（可食用的）utensils.
After
using
them,
you
can
eat
them!
Their
spoons
are
made
of
flour
and
come
in
all
kinds
of
flavors.
While
these
spoons
are
not
hard
enough
to
cut
meat,
they
are
perfect
for
rice
dishes.
Meanwhile,
Air
New
Zealand
is
experimenting
with
edible
coffee
cups
that
are
made
by
the
company
Twice.
They
have
already
introduced
a
line
of
flavored
cups.
After
you
finish
your
coffee,
you
eat
the
cup,
just
like
a
cookie!
Whether
products
are
made
to
be
edible
or
reusable,
hopefully
the
movement
will
help
reduce
waste
all
over
the
world.
【答案】Zero
waste
means
eliminating
all
the
wastes
from
a
product
and
the
movement
is
gaining
popularity.
Some
restaurants
are
using
creative
ways
to
use
unused
ingredients
or
food
leftovers.
Fashion
designers
either
avoid
unnecessarily
cutting
cloth
or
finding
new
uses
for
extra
cuts.
Besides,
Many
companies
are
creating
edible
products
especially
utensils.
Hopefully,
zero
waste
campaign
can
help
reduce
waste
worldwide.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这个运动越来越流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
1）“Zero
waste”
means
using
every
part
of
a
product.
Today,
the
zero
waste
idea
can
be
found
everywhere
from
food
to
fashion.
2）Some
restaurants
use
coffee
grounds（咖啡渣）to
flavor
dishes.
Some
cooks
also
crush
shrimp
shells
and
reuse
them
in
sauces.
While
it’s
challenging,
zero
waste
restaurants
appear
to
be
on
the
rise.
3）One
way
to
do
so
is
by
adding
these
extra
pieces
of
cloth
to
the
final
design.
Another
way
is
to
design
clothing
without
wasteful
cuts.
4）Beyond
restaurants
and
fashion,
there
are
many
other
possibilities
for
zero
waste
products.
5）Whether
products
are
made
to
be
edible
or
reusable,
hopefully
the
movement
will
help
reduce
waste
all
over
the
world.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。
3.遣词造句
Zero
waste
means
eliminating
all
the
wastes
from
a
product
and
the
movement
is
gaining
popularity.
Some
restaurants
are
using
creative
ways
to
use
unused
ingredients
or
food
leftovers.
Fashion
designers
either
avoid
unnecessarily
cutting
cloth
or
finding
new
uses
for
extra
cuts.
Besides,
Many
companies
are
creating
edible
products
especially
utensils.
Hopefully,
zero
waste
campaign
can
help
reduce
waste
worldwide.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Some
restaurants
are
using
creative
ways
to
use
unused
ingredients
or
food
leftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]：Fashion
designers
either
avoid
unnecessarily
cutting
cloth
or
finding
new
uses
for
extra
cuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语，用either
…or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。
Writing5（2020·华东师范大学附属东昌中学高三月考）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
The
greatest
recent
social
changes
have
been
in
the
lives
of
women.
During
the
twentieth
century
there
has
been
a
remarkable
shortening
of
the
proportion
of
a
woman's
life
spent
in
caring
for
the
children.
A
woman
marrying
at
the
end
of
the
nineteenth
century
would
probably
have
been
in
her
middle
twenties
and
would
be
likely
to
have
seven
or
eight
children,
of
whom
four
or
five
lived
till
they
were
five
years
old.
By
the
time
the
youngest
was
fifteen,
the
mother
would
have
been
in
her
early
fifties
and
would
expect
to
live
a
further
twenty
years,
during
which
custom,
opportunity
and
health
made
it
unusual
for
her
to
get
paid
work.
Today
women
marry
younger
and
have
fewer
children.
Usually
a
woman’s
youngest
child
will
be
fifteen
when
she
is
forty-five
years
and
is
likely
to
take
paid
work
until
retirement
at
sixty.Even
while
she
has
the
care
of
children,
her
work
is
lightened
by
household
appliances
and
convenience
foods.
This
important
change
in
woman’s
life-pattern
has
only
recently
begun
to
have
its
full
effect
on
women’s
economic
position.
Even
a
few
years
ago
most
girls
left
school
at
the
first
opportunity,
and
most
of
them
took
a
full-time
job.
However,
when
they
married,
they
usually
left
work
at
once
and
never
returned
to
it.
Today
the
school
leaving
age
is
sixteen,
many
girls
stay
at
school
after
that
age,
and
though
women
tend
to
marry
younger,
more
married
women
stay
at
work
at
least
until
shortly
before
their
first
child
is
born.
Very
many
more
afterwards
return
to
full-or-part-time
work.
Such
changes
have
led
to
a
new
relationship
in
marriage,
with
the
husband
accepting
a
greater
share
of
the
duties
and
satisfactions
of
family
life,
and
with
both
husband
and
wife
sharing
more
equally
in
providing
the
money,
and
running
the
home,
according
to
the
abilities
and
interests
of
each
of
them.
【答案】Women's
lives
have
changed
greatly,
because
they
marry
younger,
have
fewer
children
to
care
for,
and
have
modern
technology
to
help
them,
which
makes
it
possible
for
them
to
get
back
to
work.
This
results
in
women's
rise
in
family
economic
position
to
share
equally
the
duties
of
supporting
family
and
chores
with
their
husbands.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，妇女的生活发生了巨大的变化，因为她们结婚更早，需要照顾的孩子更少，现代技术帮助她们，这使她们有可能回到工作岗位。这导致了女性在家庭经济地位的提高，与丈夫平等分担家庭和家务。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
①The
greatest
recent
social
changes
have
been
in
the
lives
of
women.
②Today
women
marry
younger
and
have
fewer
children.
③
Even
while
she
has
the
care
of
children,
her
work
is
lightened
by
household
appliances
and
convenience
foods.
④This
important
change
in
woman
s
life-pattern
has
only
recently
begun
to
have
its
full
effect
on
women
s
economic
position.
⑤Very
many
more
afterwards
return
to
full-or-part-time
work.
⑥Such
changes
have
led
to
a
new
relationship
in
marriage,
with
the
husband
accepting
a
greater
share
of
the
duties
and
satisfactions
of
family
life,
and
with
both
husband
and
wife
sharing
more
equally
in
providing
the
money,
and
running
the
home,
according
to
the
abilities
and
interests
of
each
of
them.
2.缜密构思
分别将第1、2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点重组并与第6个要点进行精简整合。
3.遣词造句Women's
lives
have
changed
greatly,
because
they
marry
younger,
have
fewer
children
to
care
for,
and
have
modern
technology
to
help
them,
which
makes
it
possible
for
them
to
get
back
to
work.
This
results
in
women's
rise
in
family
economic
position
to
share
equally
the
duties
of
supporting
family
and
chores
with
their
husbands.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Women's
lives
have
changed
greatly,
because
they
marry
younger,
have
fewer
children
to
care
for,
and
have
modern
technology
to
help
them,
which
makes
it
possible
for
them
to
get
back
to
work.运用一个复杂的主从复食句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中有because引导原因状语从句，和which引导的非限制性定语从句等复杂句式。
[高分句型2]：This
results
in
women's
rise
in
family
economic
position
to
share
equally
the
duties
of
supporting
family
and
chores
with
their
husbands.本句运用了动词不定式，对第二段进行了概括，表达精准、高级。
Writing
6（2020·上海嘉定区·高三一模）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Tai
Chi
Can
Reduce
Falls
in
Old
People
Old
people
who
took
part
in
a
structured
programme
of
Tai
Chi
found
that
their
balance
and
physical
strength
improved,
reducing
the
risk
of
falls,
according
to
a
paper
in
the
latest
Journal
of
Advanced
Nursing.
Researchers
studied
a
group
of
fall-prone
(易摔跤的)
adults,
with
an
average
age
of
78,
living
in
residential
care.
29
people
undertook
a
12-week
Tai
Chi
programme
and
the
other
30
formed
the
non-exercise
control
group.
The
exercise
programme
consisted
of
10
minutes
of
warming-up
exercises,
20
minutes
of
Sun-style
Tai
Chi
movement
and
5
minutes
of
cooling
down
exercises.
During
the
exercise,
traditional
instrumental
music
was
used.
It
helped
the
group
maintain
slow
and
continuous
movements
and
provide
a
comforting
effect.
Both
groups
underwent
a
series
of
tests
before
and
after
the
12-week
exercise
programme.
They
measured
their
muscle
strength,
balance
and
confidence
in
avoiding
falls.
Researchers
analyzed
the
data
and
compared
them
with
those
of
the
non-exercise
control
group.
They
found
that
the
physical
fitness
of
the
exercise
group
showed
significant
improvement,
with
stronger
knee
and
ankle
muscles,
improved
flexibility
and
better
balance.
Tai
Chi,
an
ancient
Chinese
martial
art
(武术),
consists
of
a
series
of
slow,
gentle,
continuous
movements.
It
is
particularly
suitable
for
old
people
as
it
helps
them
to
develop
stronger
muscles
and
better
balance
and
concentration.
“Our
study
shows
that
low-intensity
exercise
such
as
Tai
Chi
has
great
potential
for
health
promotion.
It
can
help
old
people
to
avoid
falls
by
developing
their
balance,
muscle
strength
and
confidence,”
says
Professor
Song.
“We
believe
that
regular
exercise
should
be
a
fundamental
part
of
caring
for
old
people
living
both
in
the
community
and
in
residential
care.”
【答案】A
structured
Tai
Chi
program
can
help
old
people
avoid
falls.
Researchers
divided
59
fall-prone
adults
aged
78
on
average
into
two
groups.
The
exercise
group
receiving
12-week
Tai
Chi
programs
showed
remarkable
improvement
in
muscles,
flexibility
and
balance
compared
with
the
non-exercise
group.
Researchers
suggest
old
people
should
practice
Tai
Chi
to
promote
health.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。
【详解】
1.要点摘录
①Old
people
who
took
part
in
a
structured
programme
of
Tai
Chi
found
that
their
balance
and
physical
strength
improved,
reducing
the
risk
of
falls.
②Researchers
studied
a
group
of
fall-prone
(易摔跤的)
adults,
with
an
average
age
of
78,
living
in
residential
care.
③29
people
undertook
a
12-week
Tai
Chi
programme
and
the
other
30
formed
the
non-exercise
control
group.
④They
found
that
the
physical
fitness
of
the
exercise
group
showed
significant
improvement,
with
stronger
knee
and
ankle
muscles,
improved
flexibility
and
better
balance.
⑤Our
study
shows
that
low-intensity
exercise
such
as
Tai
Chi
has
great
potential
for
health
promotion.
⑥We
believe
that
regular
exercise
should
be
a
fundamental
part
of
caring
for
old
people
living
both
in
the
community
and
in
residential
care.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，第5、6两个要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
①A
structured
Tai
Chi
program
can
help
old
people
avoid
falls.
②Researchers
divided
59
fall-prone
adults
aged
78
on
average
into
two
groups.
③The
exercise
group
receiving
12-week
Tai
Chi
programs
showed
remarkable
improvement
in
muscles,
flexibility
and
balance
compared
with
the
non-exercise
group.
④Researchers
suggest
old
people
should
practice
Tai
Chi
to
promote
health.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
The
exercise
group
receiving
12-week
Tai
Chi
programs
showed
remarkable
improvement
in
muscles,
flexibility
and
balance
compared
with
the
non-exercise
group.
合理运用了非谓语动词，运用现在分词receiving
12-week
Tai
Chi
programs作定语修饰group，对原文第三段内容进行了概括。
[高分句型2]
Researchers
suggest
old
people
should
practice
Tai
Chi
to
promote
health.
运用一个that引导的宾语从句（that省略）对原文第四段内容进行了概括。
Writing
7（2020·上海市建平中学高三期中）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible
Is
renting
clothes
greener
than
buying
them?
Clothing
rental
is
a
hot
new
industry
and
retailers
are
demanding
to
get
on
board
in
hopes
of
attracting
green
shoppers.
But
is
renting
fashion
actually
more
environmentally-friendly
than
buying
it,
and
if
so,
how
much
more?
Journalist
and
author
Elizabeth
Cline
investigated
this
question
and
concluded
that
it’s
not
as
sustainable
as
it
seems.
Take
shipping,
for
example,
which
has
to
go
two
ways
if
an
item
is
rented
—
receiving
and
returning.
Cline
writes
that
consumer
transportation
has
the
second
largest
carbon
footprint
of
our
collective
fashion
habit
after
manufacturing.
She
writes,
“An
item
ordered
online
and
then
returned
can
send
out
20
kilograms
of
carbon
each
way,
and
increases
up
to
50
kilograms
for
rush
shipping.
By
comparison,
the
carbon
impact
of
a
pair
of
jeans
purchased
from
a
physical
store
and
washed
and
worn
at
home
is
33.4
kilograms,
according
to
a
2015
study
by
Levi’s.”
Then
there’s
the
burden
of
washing,
which
has
to
happen
for
every
item
when
it’s
returned,
regardless
of
whether
or
not
it
was
worn.
For
most
rental
services,
this
usually
means
dry
cleaning,
a
high
impact
and
polluting
process.
All
the
rental
services
that
Cline
looked
into
have
replaced
perchloroethylene
(氯乙烯),
a
carcinogenic
(致癌的)
air
pollutant
that
is
still
used
by
70
percent
of
US
dry
cleaners,
with
hydrocarbon
alternatives,
although
these
aren’t
great
either.
Lastly,
Cline
fears
that
rental
services
will
increase
our
appetite
for
fast
fashion,
simply
because
it’s
so
easily
accessible.
There’s
something
called
“share
washing”
that
makes
people
engage
in
more
wasteful
behaviors
precisely
because
a
product
or
service
is
shared
and
thus
is
regarded
as
more
eco-friendly.
Uber
is
one
example
of
this,
advertised
as
“a
way
to
share
rides
and
limit
car
ownership.”
and
yet
“it
has
been
proven
to
discourage
walking,
bicycling,
and
public
transportation
use.”
Renting
clothes
is
still
preferable
to
buying
them
cheap
and
throwing
them
in
the
dustbin
after
a
few
wears,
but
we
shouldn’t
let
the
availability
of
these
services
make
us
too
satisfied.
There’s
an
even
better
step—and
that’s
wearing
what
is
already
in
the
closet.
【答案】Despite
a
rising
market
for
renting
clothes,
some
research
shows
it’s
not
necessarily
environmentally-friendly.
Renting
involves
larger
carbon
emissions
from
two-way
transportation
of
clothing
and
pollution
caused
by
washing.
Also,
people
tend
to
waste
due
to
the
easy
access
to
rental
services
with
a
false
belief
that
sharing
goes
green.
Therefore,
it’s
wiser
to
wear
what’s
already
in
our
wardrobe.
(60
words)
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。租衣服比买衣服真的更环保吗？记者兼作家Elizabeth
Cline调查发现共享租衣的环保性并不像看上去的那样可持续。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
①Clothing
rental
is
a
hot
new
industry
and
retailers
are
demanding
to
get
on
board
in
hopes
of
attracting
green
shoppers.
Journalist
and
author
Elizabeth
Cline
investigated
this
question
and
concluded
that
it’s
not
as
sustainable
as
it
seems.
②Take
shipping,
for
example,
which
has
to
go
two
ways
if
an
item
is
rented
—
receiving
and
returning.
Cline
writes
that
consumer
transportation
has
the
second
largest
carbon
footprint
of
our
collective
fashion
habit
after
manufacturing.
③For
most
rental
services,
this
usually
means
dry
cleaning,
a
high
impact
and
polluting
process.
④Lastly,
Cline
fears
that
rental
services
will
increase
our
appetite
for
fast
fashion,
simply
because
it’s
so
easily
accessible.
…because
a
product
or
service
is
shared
and
thus
is
regarded
as
more
eco-friendly.
⑤
There’s
an
even
better
step—and
that’s
wearing
what
is
already
in
the
closet.
2.缜密构思
将第1点进行概括缩减；第2、3两个要点进行重组；将第4个要点进行整合；将第5个要点作为总结。
3.遣词造句
Despite
a
rising
market
for
renting
clothes,
some
research
shows
it’s
not
necessarily
environmentally-friendly.
Renting
involves
larger
carbon
emissions
from
two-way
transportation
of
clothing
and
pollution
caused
by
washing.
People
tend
to
waste
due
to
the
easy
access
to
rental
services
with
a
false
belief
that
sharing
goes
green.
It’s
wiser
to
wear
what’s
already
in
our
wardrobe.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Despite
a
rising
market
for
renting
clothes,
some
research
shows
it’s
not
necessarily
environmentally-friendly.（使用了despite引导的让步状语从句和省略that的宾语从句等表达高级）
[高分句型2]
People
tend
to
waste
due
to
the
easy
access
to
rental
services
with
a
false
belief
that
sharing
goes
green.
（使用了由that连接的同位语从句，用法比较高级。）
[高分句型3]It’s
wiser
to
wear
what’s
already
in
our
wardrobe.（使用了it作形式主语和由what引导的宾语从句，表达非常高级。）
Writing
8（2020·山东青岛市·高三期中）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There
are
some
important
regulations
parents
can
take
to
make
sure
their
kids
use
cell
phones
in
a
safe
and
responsible
way.
When
kids
know
what
the
consequences
are
when
rules
aren’t
followed,
that
makes
life
more
predictable
for
them.
Most
kids
are
not
paying
for
their
cell
phones
or
their
cell
phone
plans,
so
if
you
pay
for
it,
you
own
it,
which
means
you
have
the
right
to
take
it
away
anytime
if
they
disobey
the
rules
you
set
up
earlier.
After
a
kid
has
a
cell
phone,
suddenly
parents
discover
data
runs
out
half
way
through
the
month.
This
can
get
expensive
and
your
kids
need
to
know
how
to
monitor
their
use.
Also,
teen
cell
phone
addiction
should
be
limited.
Generally,
it’s
a
good
idea
to
have
no
cell
phone
policy
while
they
are
doing
homework
and
at
e
to
agreement
in
advance
about
what
they
are
and
aren’t
allowed
to
download
on
their
cell
phone.
There
are
some
really
bad
apps
for
kids
that
you
don’t
want
on
their
phones.
Make
sure
your
kids
understand
how
to
set
up
their
privacy.
Talk
with
them
about
why
guarding
their
privacy
is
so
important.
Many
teens
truly
have
no
concept
about
everything
that
a
cell
phone
can
share
about
them
including
personal
information
and
their
location.
You
want
to
cover
what
is
and
isn’t
appropriate
to
share
via
a
cell
phone.
This
definitely
means
photos
and
language
used
in
emails
and
on
social
media.
But
don’t
forget
simpler
things
like
providing
their
address,
their
age
or
what
school
they
go
to
online.
Lastly,
there
are
times
and
places
when
using
one’s
cell
phone
is
not
appropriate.
In
movie
theaters
or
during
class
time
at
school
the
phone
should
be
on
silent
and
put
away.
Additionally,
when
someone
is
having
a
face
to
face
conversation
with
them,
they
need
to
be
looking
at
the
person,
not
their
phone.
【答案】Parents
can
make
rules
to
guide
their
kids
to
use
cell
phones
safely
and
responsibly.
(要点1)
First,
parents
have
the
right
to
determine
how
to
use
cellphones
because
they
own
them.
(要点2)
Besides,
parents
should
teach
kids
to
use
cell
phones
wisely.
(要点3)
Lastly,
it
is
important
to
make
sure
they
know
how
to
protect
their
privacy.
Meanwhile,
when
and
where
to
use
cell
phones
should
also
be
told.
(要点4)
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
①There
are
some
important
regulations
parents
can
take
to
make
sure
their
kids
use
cell
phones
in
a
safe
and
responsible
way.
②
so
if
you
pay
for
it,
you
own
it,
which
means
you
have
the
right
to
take
it
away
anytime
if
they
disobey
the
rules
you
set
up
earlier.
③
This
can
get
expensive
and
your
kids
need
to
know
how
to
monitor
their
use.
Generally,
it’s
a
good
idea
to
have
no
cell
phone
policy
while
they
are
doing
homework
and
at
e
to
agreement
in
advance
about
what
they
are
and
aren’t
allowed
to
download
on
their
cell
phone.
④
Make
sure
your
kids
understand
how
to
set
up
their
privacy.
⑤You
want
to
cover
what
is
and
isn’t
appropriate
to
share
via
a
cell
phone.
⑥
Lastly,
there
are
times
and
places
when
using
one’s
cell
phone
is
not
appropriate.
2.缜密构思
将第3点进行整理概括，将第4、5两个要点进行重组
3.遣词造句
①Parents
can
make
rules
to
guide
their
kids
to
use
cell
phones
safely
and
responsibly.
②Parents
have
the
right
to
determine
how
to
use
cellphones
because
they
own
them.
③Parents
should
teach
kids
to
use
cell
phones
wisely.
④It
is
important
to
make
sure
they
know
how
to
protect
their
privacy.
⑤When
and
where
to
use
cell
phones
should
also
be
told.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
It
is
important
to
make
sure
they
know
how
to
protect
their
privacy.（使用了it作形式主语，概括第四段的内容，表达非常高级。）
[高分句型2]
When
and
where
to
use
cell
phones
should
also
be
told.（疑问词+不定式做主语，概括了最后一段的内容，用法比较高级）
Writing
9（2020·上海黄浦区·高三月考）
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Singapore's
Information
Technology
Strategy
Singapore's
information
technology
strategy
rests
on
two
major
legs.
The
first
leg
is
world-class
basic
facilities.
Being
a
city-state,
it
is
relatively
easy
to
connect
every
home,
office
and
hotel
room.
Our
objective
is
to
provide
broad-band
everywhere,
either
wired
or
wireless.
We
will
make
it
a
readily
available
utility
like
water,
electricity,
gas
and
telephone.
We
are
well
on
our
way
there.
We
now
require,
by
regulation,
every
new
home
to
be
equipped
with
broad-band
in
the
same
way
as
it
is
required
to
have
water
and
electricity.
The
second
leg
is
the
education
of
our
entire
population
in
IT
(information
technology).
Like
reading,
writing
and
arithmetic,
computers
are
best
learnt
when
we
are
young.
Today's
children
can
click
the
mouse
faster
than
we
can
blink.
In
many
countries,
children
of
middle-class
families
have
no
difficulty
with
this
new
technology.
But,
without
special
effort,
there
is
a
danger
that
children
of
poorer
families
will
miss
out
on
the
opportunity
to
learn
IT.
Like
the
piano
and
violin,
one
can
still
learn
the
computer
as
an
adult.
But
rarely
does
one
acquire
the
same
facility.
The
strategy
in
Singapore
is
therefore
to
teach
information
technology
to
every
child
regardless
of
his
family
background.
The
Education
Ministry
now
has
a
multi-billion
dollar
programme
to
provide
one
computer
for
every
2
schoolchildren
in
Singapore
from
first
grade
onwards.
Every
teacher
will
have
a
notebook.
Most
Singaporeans
now
understand
the
importance
of
IT,
if
not
for
themselves,
at
least
for
their
children
and
grandchildren.
Over
40%
of
households
in
Singapore
now
own
PCs.
Over
one-third
of
households
in
Singapore
already
enjoy
access
to
Internet.
What
we
want
is
for
every
Singaporean
to
be
computer
literate
so
that
he
can
function
effectively
in
any
bank,
factory
or
restaurant,
just
as
one
would
expect
an
employee
to
be
able
to
read,
write
and
count.
An
employer
in
Singapore
in
the
future
should
not
have
to
worry
that
his
employee
does
not
now
how
to
use
a
computer
or
the
Internet.
【答案】Singapore’s
information
technology
strategy
depends
on
two
major
ways.
One
is
to
construct
world-class
basic
facilities
by
providing
broad-band
everywhere.
The
other
is
to
teach
each
child
information
technology
whatever
his
family
background
is,
providing
computers
to
students
and
teachers.
The
strategy
has
aroused
the
recognition
of
most
Singaporeans
and
the
employers
will
hopefully
have
computer
literate
employees.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡信息科技战略的两个方面。一方面是通过提供宽带，建立世界级的基础设施；另一方面是对全体人民进行信息技术教育。而且，大多数新加坡人民已经明白了信息技术的重要性。
【详解】
1
要点摘录
1)
Singapore's
information
technology
strategy
rests
on
two
major
legs.
2)
The
first
leg
is
world-class
basic
facilities.
3)
Our
objective
is
to
provide
broad-band
everywhere,
either
wired
or
wireless.
4)
The
second
leg
is
the
education
of
our
entire
population
in
IT
(information
technology).
5)
The
strategy
in
Singapore
is
therefore
to
teach
information
technology
to
every
child
regardless
of
his
family
background.
6)
Most
Singaporeans
now
understand
the
importance
of
IT.
7)
An
employer
in
Singapore
in
the
future
should
not
have
to
worry
that
his
employee
does
not
now
how
to
use
a
computer
or
the
Internet.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3两个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
One
is
to
construct
world-class
basic
facilities
by
providing
broad-band
everywhere.
The
other
is
to
teach
each
child
information
technology
whatever
his
family
background
is,
providing
computers
to
students
and
teachers.
The
strategy
has
aroused
the
recognition
of
most
Singaporeans
and
the
employers
will
hopefully
have
computer
literate
employees.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
The
other
is
to
teach
each
child
information
technology
whatever
his
family
background
is,
providing
computers
to
students
and
teachers.运用让步状语从句，整合了两个句子，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中whatever引导的让步状语从句、动词ing作伴随状语等表达高级。
[高分句型2]：The
strategy
has
aroused
the
recognition
of
most
Singaporeans
and
the
employers
will
hopefully
have
computer
literate
employees.and引导的并列句。考点13
书面表达概要写作
Writing
1（2020·上海市大同中学高三期中）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
wors
as
far
as
possible.
Pedestrians
only
The
concept
of
traffic-free
shopping
areas
goes
back
a
long
time.
During
the
Middle
Ages,
traffic-free
shopping
areas
were
built
to
allow
people
to
shop
in
comfort
and,
more
importantly,
safety.
The
modern,
traffic-free
shopping
street
was
born
in
Europe
in
the
1960s,
when
both
city
populations
and
car
ownership
increased
rapidly.
Dirty
exhaust
fumes
from
cars
and
the
risks
involved
in
crossing
the
road
were
beginning
to
make
shopping
an
unpleasant
and
dangerous
experience.
Many
believed
the
time
was
right
for
experimenting
with
car-free
streets,
and
shopping
areas
seemed
the
best
place
to
start.
At
first,
there
was
resistance
from
shopkeepers.
They
believed
that
such
a
move
would
be
bad
for
business.
They
argued
that
people
would
avoid
streets
if
they
were
unable
to
get
to
them
in
their
cars.
When
the
first
streets
in
Europe
were
closed
to
traffic,
there
were
even
noisy
demonstrations,
as
many
shopkeepers
predicted
they
would
lose
customers.
However,
research
carried
out
afterwards
in
several
European
cities
revealed
some
unexpected
statistics.
In
Munich,
Cologne
and
Hamburg,
visitors
to
shopping
areas
increased
by
50
percent.
On
Copenhagen’s
main
shopping
street,
shopkeepers
reported
sales
increases
of
25-40
percent.
Shopkeepers
in
Minneapolis,
USA,
were
so
impressed
when
they
learnt
this
that
they
even
offered
to
pay
for
the
construction
and
maintenance
costs
of
their
own
traffic-free
streets.
With
the
arrival
of
the
traffic-free
shopping
street,
many
shops,
especially
those
selling
things
like
clothes,
food
and
smaller
luxury
items,
prospered.
Unfortunately,
it
wasn’t
good
news
for
everyone,
as
shops
selling
furniture
and
larger
electrical
appliances
actually
saw
their
sales
drop.
Many
of
these
were
forced
to
move
elsewhere,
away
from
the
city
centre.
Today
they
are
a
common
feature
on
the
outskirts
of
towns
and
cities,
often
situated
in
out-of-town
retail
zones
with
their
own
car
parks
and
other
local
facilities.
Writing2（2020·上海金山区·高三一模）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Will
people
reduce
car
use
in
20
years？
Nowadays,
the
ownership
of
cars
is
no
longer
being
recognized
as
a
symbol
of
one’s
wealth
and
social
position.
Tracking
back
to
the
past
when
only
the
rich
were
qualified
to
possess
private
cars,
we
couldn’t
help
marveling
at
the
historic
change
such
a
convenient
invention
brought
to
people’s
daily
lives.
Nevertheless,
the
increase
in
the
number
of
car
owners
is
spelling
many
negative
effects.
These
rising
problems
also
cause
some
people
to
predict
that
the
use
of
cars
might
be
reduced
in
two
decades.
Above
all,
the
use
of
cars
remarkably
threatens
our
environment,
if
such
a
tendency
is
not
brought
under
control
in
time,
the
Earth
will
no
longer
be
a
suitable
place
for
humans
to
survive
in
the
future.
People
have
to
face
the
consequence.
It
is
a
reality
from
which
no
one
is
able
to
escape.
Every
day,
thousands
of
private
cars
are
emitting
tons
of
exhausted
gas
that
seriously
pollutes
the
air.
The
carbon
dioxide
leads
to
the
worldwide
greenhouse
effect,
which
causes
the
sea
level
to
rise
and
produces
negative
impacts
on
weather.
In
addition,
more
energy
is
being
wasted
because
of
the
production
of
private
cars.
In
order
to
build
a
resource-conserving
and
environment-friendly
society,
people
ought
to
reduce
the
use
of
cars.
In
fact,
diversified
measures
are
being
taken
by
the
government
to
limit
the
use
of
cars.
If
such
a
tendency
continues,
the
effect
will
be
shown
in
the
near
future.
For
example,
to
reach
the
goal
of
building
a
safe
and
harmonious
society,
Beijing
Traffic
Management
Bureau
has
restricted
regional
traffic
in
rush
hours
on
working
days.
A
number
of
private
cars
are
prohibited
on
no-driving-days.
Last,
the
advancement
of
public
transportation
systems
also
helps
change
car
owners’
way
of
travelling.
Efforts
are
being
made
to
construct
more
agreeable
networks
of
buses,
subways,
trains
and
airplanes.
In
the
meanwhile,
advances
in
technology
might
help
cut
down
the
cost
of
travelling
in
public
vehicles.
Writing3（2020·上海浦东新区·高三一模）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Solving
the
Problem
of
E-Waste
One
of
the
problems
damaging
our
planet
is
the
number
of
things
we
throw
away.
A
more
recent
addition
to
the
list
of
things
we
chuck
away
is
e-waste
-
electronic
items
that
are
broken
and
not
recycled.
Tonnes
of
televisions,
phones,
and
other
electronic
equipment
are
discarded
chiefly
because
we
lack
the
skills
to
repair
them.
Fortunately,
now
solutions
are
being
found
to
give
e-waste
a
new
life.
There's
a
growing
trend
for
repair
events
and
clubs
which
could
be
part
of
a
solution
to
the
growing
amount
of
electrical
and
electronic
junk.
A
Restart
Project
in
London,
is
one
that
many
found
around
the
world.
One
of
its
volunteers,
Francesco
Calo,
said
that
"this
project
allows
you
to
reduce
waste,
extend
the
life
of
objects,
and
it
helps
people
who
cannot
afford
to
get
rid
of
items
that
have
developed
a
fault.
As
many
electrical
items
contain
valuable
metals,
another
idea
is
e-waste
mining.
An
experiment
at
the
University
of
New
South
Wales
involves
extracting
these
materials
from
electronic
appliances.
It's
thought
that
doing
this
could
be
more
profitable
than
traditional
mining.
These
projects
make
total
sense
---
collections
of
e-waste
for
recycling
are
depressing
or
even
decreasing"
according
to
Ruediger
Kuehr,
of
the
United
Nations
University.
And
in
countries
where
there
is
no
laws,
much
of
it
just
gets
dumped.
However,
the
European
Union,
for
example,
is
trying
to
tackle
the
problem
by
insisting
manufacturers
have
to
make
appliances
longer-lasting
and
will
have
to
supply
spare
parts
for
machines
for
up
to
10
years.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing
4（2020·上海杨浦区·高三期末）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
What
Is
Zero
Waste?
The
goal
of
the
“zero
waste”
movement
is
to
get
rid
of
all
waste
from
products.
“Zero
waste”
means
using
every
part
of
a
product.
Today,
the
zero
waste
idea
can
be
found
everywhere
from
food
to
fashion.
Creating
a
zero
waste
restaurant
is
a
challenge.
It
is
very
difficult
to
use
every
part
of
produce
and
leave
nothing
behind.
Creating
a
soup
from
unused
ingredients
is
a
popular
way
to
use
up
extra
food
items.
Other
ways
are
more
advanced.
Some
restaurants
use
coffee
grounds（咖啡渣）to
flavor
dishes.
Some
cooks
also
crush
shrimp
shells
and
reuse
them
in
sauces.
While
it’s
challenging,
zero
waste
restaurants
appear
to
be
on
the
rise.
In
the
fashion
industry,
zero
waste
isn’t
a
new
idea.
But
in
today’s
world
of
fast
fashion,
zero
waste
is
growing
more
popular.
Usually,
cutting
cloth
creates
lots
of
waste.
In
zero
waste
fashion,
designers
try
to
avoid
this.
One
way
to
do
so
is
by
adding
these
extra
pieces
of
cloth
to
the
final
design.
Another
way
is
to
design
clothing
without
wasteful
cuts.
Beyond
restaurants
and
fashion,
there
are
many
other
possibilities
for
zero
waste
products.
All
restaurants
need
utensils（器皿）.
Bakey’s
is
a
company
that
is
developing
edible（可食用的）utensils.
After
using
them,
you
can
eat
them!
Their
spoons
are
made
of
flour
and
come
in
all
kinds
of
flavors.
While
these
spoons
are
not
hard
enough
to
cut
meat,
they
are
perfect
for
rice
dishes.
Meanwhile,
Air
New
Zealand
is
experimenting
with
edible
coffee
cups
that
are
made
by
the
company
Twice.
They
have
already
introduced
a
line
of
flavored
cups.
After
you
finish
your
coffee,
you
eat
the
cup,
just
like
a
cookie!
Whether
products
are
made
to
be
edible
or
reusable,
hopefully
the
movement
will
help
reduce
waste
all
over
the
world.
Writing5（2020·华东师范大学附属东昌中学高三月考）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
The
greatest
recent
social
changes
have
been
in
the
lives
of
women.
During
the
twentieth
century
there
has
been
a
remarkable
shortening
of
the
proportion
of
a
woman's
life
spent
in
caring
for
the
children.
A
woman
marrying
at
the
end
of
the
nineteenth
century
would
probably
have
been
in
her
middle
twenties
and
would
be
likely
to
have
seven
or
eight
children,
of
whom
four
or
five
lived
till
they
were
five
years
old.
By
the
time
the
youngest
was
fifteen,
the
mother
would
have
been
in
her
early
fifties
and
would
expect
to
live
a
further
twenty
years,
during
which
custom,
opportunity
and
health
made
it
unusual
for
her
to
get
paid
work.
Today
women
marry
younger
and
have
fewer
children.
Usually
a
woman’s
youngest
child
will
be
fifteen
when
she
is
forty-five
years
and
is
likely
to
take
paid
work
until
retirement
at
sixty.Even
while
she
has
the
care
of
children,
her
work
is
lightened
by
household
appliances
and
convenience
foods.
This
important
change
in
woman’s
life-pattern
has
only
recently
begun
to
have
its
full
effect
on
women’s
economic
position.
Even
a
few
years
ago
most
girls
left
school
at
the
first
opportunity,
and
most
of
them
took
a
full-time
job.
However,
when
they
married,
they
usually
left
work
at
once
and
never
returned
to
it.
Today
the
school
leaving
age
is
sixteen,
many
girls
stay
at
school
after
that
age,
and
though
women
tend
to
marry
younger,
more
married
women
stay
at
work
at
least
until
shortly
before
their
first
child
is
born.
Very
many
more
afterwards
return
to
full-or-part-time
work.
Such
changes
have
led
to
a
new
relationship
in
marriage,
with
the
husband
accepting
a
greater
share
of
the
duties
and
satisfactions
of
family
life,
and
with
both
husband
and
wife
sharing
more
equally
in
providing
the
money,
and
running
the
home,
according
to
the
abilities
and
interests
of
each
of
them.
Writing
6（2020·上海嘉定区·高三一模）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Tai
Chi
Can
Reduce
Falls
in
Old
People
Old
people
who
took
part
in
a
structured
programme
of
Tai
Chi
found
that
their
balance
and
physical
strength
improved,
reducing
the
risk
of
falls,
according
to
a
paper
in
the
latest
Journal
of
Advanced
Nursing.
Researchers
studied
a
group
of
fall-prone
(易摔跤的)
adults,
with
an
average
age
of
78,
living
in
residential
care.
29
people
undertook
a
12-week
Tai
Chi
programme
and
the
other
30
formed
the
non-exercise
control
group.
The
exercise
programme
consisted
of
10
minutes
of
warming-up
exercises,
20
minutes
of
Sun-style
Tai
Chi
movement
and
5
minutes
of
cooling
down
exercises.
During
the
exercise,
traditional
instrumental
music
was
used.
It
helped
the
group
maintain
slow
and
continuous
movements
and
provide
a
comforting
effect.
Both
groups
underwent
a
series
of
tests
before
and
after
the
12-week
exercise
programme.
They
measured
their
muscle
strength,
balance
and
confidence
in
avoiding
falls.
Researchers
analyzed
the
data
and
compared
them
with
those
of
the
non-exercise
control
group.
They
found
that
the
physical
fitness
of
the
exercise
group
showed
significant
improvement,
with
stronger
knee
and
ankle
muscles,
improved
flexibility
and
better
balance.
Tai
Chi,
an
ancient
Chinese
martial
art
(武术),
consists
of
a
series
of
slow,
gentle,
continuous
movements.
It
is
particularly
suitable
for
old
people
as
it
helps
them
to
develop
stronger
muscles
and
better
balance
and
concentration.
“Our
study
shows
that
low-intensity
exercise
such
as
Tai
Chi
has
great
potential
for
health
promotion.
It
can
help
old
people
to
avoid
falls
by
developing
their
balance,
muscle
strength
and
confidence,”
says
Professor
Song.
“We
believe
that
regular
exercise
should
be
a
fundamental
part
of
caring
for
old
people
living
both
in
the
community
and
in
residential
care.”
Writing
7（2020·上海市建平中学高三期中）
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible
Is
renting
clothes
greener
than
buying
them?
Clothing
rental
is
a
hot
new
industry
and
retailers
are
demanding
to
get
on
board
in
hopes
of
attracting
green
shoppers.
But
is
renting
fashion
actually
more
environmentally-friendly
than
buying
it,
and
if
so,
how
much
more?
Journalist
and
author
Elizabeth
Cline
investigated
this
question
and
concluded
that
it’s
not
as
sustainable
as
it
seems.
Take
shipping,
for
example,
which
has
to
go
two
ways
if
an
item
is
rented
—
receiving
and
returning.
Cline
writes
that
consumer
transportation
has
the
second
largest
carbon
footprint
of
our
collective
fashion
habit
after
manufacturing.
She
writes,
“An
item
ordered
online
and
then
returned
can
send
out
20
kilograms
of
carbon
each
way,
and
increases
up
to
50
kilograms
for
rush
shipping.
By
comparison,
the
carbon
impact
of
a
pair
of
jeans
purchased
from
a
physical
store
and
washed
and
worn
at
home
is
33.4
kilograms,
according
to
a
2015
study
by
Levi’s.”
Then
there’s
the
burden
of
washing,
which
has
to
happen
for
every
item
when
it’s
returned,
regardless
of
whether
or
not
it
was
worn.
For
most
rental
services,
this
usually
means
dry
cleaning,
a
high
impact
and
polluting
process.
All
the
rental
services
that
Cline
looked
into
have
replaced
perchloroethylene
(氯乙烯),
a
carcinogenic
(致癌的)
air
pollutant
that
is
still
used
by
70
percent
of
US
dry
cleaners,
with
hydrocarbon
alternatives,
although
these
aren’t
great
either.
Lastly,
Cline
fears
that
rental
services
will
increase
our
appetite
for
fast
fashion,
simply
because
it’s
so
easily
accessible.
There’s
something
called
“share
washing”
that
makes
people
engage
in
more
wasteful
behaviors
precisely
because
a
product
or
service
is
shared
and
thus
is
regarded
as
more
eco-friendly.
Uber
is
one
example
of
this,
advertised
as
“a
way
to
share
rides
and
limit
car
ownership.”
and
yet
“it
has
been
proven
to
discourage
walking,
bicycling,
and
public
transportation
use.”
Renting
clothes
is
still
preferable
to
buying
them
cheap
and
throwing
them
in
the
dustbin
after
a
few
wears,
but
we
shouldn’t
let
the
availability
of
these
services
make
us
too
satisfied.
There’s
an
even
better
step—and
that’s
wearing
what
is
already
in
the
closet.
Writing
8（2020·山东青岛市·高三期中）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There
are
some
important
regulations
parents
can
take
to
make
sure
their
kids
use
cell
phones
in
a
safe
and
responsible
way.
When
kids
know
what
the
consequences
are
when
rules
aren’t
followed,
that
makes
life
more
predictable
for
them.
Most
kids
are
not
paying
for
their
cell
phones
or
their
cell
phone
plans,
so
if
you
pay
for
it,
you
own
it,
which
means
you
have
the
right
to
take
it
away
anytime
if
they
disobey
the
rules
you
set
up
earlier.
After
a
kid
has
a
cell
phone,
suddenly
parents
discover
data
runs
out
half
way
through
the
month.
This
can
get
expensive
and
your
kids
need
to
know
how
to
monitor
their
use.
Also,
teen
cell
phone
addiction
should
be
limited.
Generally,
it’s
a
good
idea
to
have
no
cell
phone
policy
while
they
are
doing
homework
and
at
e
to
agreement
in
advance
about
what
they
are
and
aren’t
allowed
to
download
on
their
cell
phone.
There
are
some
really
bad
apps
for
kids
that
you
don’t
want
on
their
phones.
Make
sure
your
kids
understand
how
to
set
up
their
privacy.
Talk
with
them
about
why
guarding
their
privacy
is
so
important.
Many
teens
truly
have
no
concept
about
everything
that
a
cell
phone
can
share
about
them
including
personal
information
and
their
location.
You
want
to
cover
what
is
and
isn’t
appropriate
to
share
via
a
cell
phone.
This
definitely
means
photos
and
language
used
in
emails
and
on
social
media.
But
don’t
forget
simpler
things
like
providing
their
address,
their
age
or
what
school
they
go
to
online.
Lastly,
there
are
times
and
places
when
using
one’s
cell
phone
is
not
appropriate.
In
movie
theaters
or
during
class
time
at
school
the
phone
should
be
on
silent
and
put
away.
Additionally,
when
someone
is
having
a
face
to
face
conversation
with
them,
they
need
to
be
looking
at
the
person,
not
their
phone.
Writing
9（2020·上海黄浦区·高三月考）
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Summarize
the
main
idea
and
the
main
point(s)
of
the
passage
in
no
more
than
60
words.
Use
your
own
words
as
far
as
possible.
Singapore's
Information
Technology
Strategy
Singapore's
information
technology
strategy
rests
on
two
major
legs.
The
first
leg
is
world-class
basic
facilities.
Being
a
city-state,
it
is
relatively
easy
to
connect
every
home,
office
and
hotel
room.
Our
objective
is
to
provide
broad-band
everywhere,
either
wired
or
wireless.
We
will
make
it
a
readily
available
utility
like
water,
electricity,
gas
and
telephone.
We
are
well
on
our
way
there.
We
now
require,
by
regulation,
every
new
home
to
be
equipped
with
broad-band
in
the
same
way
as
it
is
required
to
have
water
and
electricity.
The
second
leg
is
the
education
of
our
entire
population
in
IT
(information
technology).
Like
reading,
writing
and
arithmetic,
computers
are
best
learnt
when
we
are
young.
Today's
children
can
click
the
mouse
faster
than
we
can
blink.
In
many
countries,
children
of
middle-class
families
have
no
difficulty
with
this
new
technology.
But,
without
special
effort,
there
is
a
danger
that
children
of
poorer
families
will
miss
out
on
the
opportunity
to
learn
IT.
Like
the
piano
and
violin,
one
can
still
learn
the
computer
as
an
adult.
But
rarely
does
one
acquire
the
same
facility.
The
strategy
in
Singapore
is
therefore
to
teach
information
technology
to
every
child
regardless
of
his
family
background.
The
Education
Ministry
now
has
a
multi-billion
dollar
programme
to
provide
one
computer
for
every
2
schoolchildren
in
Singapore
from
first
grade
onwards.
Every
teacher
will
have
a
notebook.
Most
Singaporeans
now
understand
the
importance
of
IT,
if
not
for
themselves,
at
least
for
their
children
and
grandchildren.
Over
40%
of
households
in
Singapore
now
own
PCs.
Over
one-third
of
households
in
Singapore
already
enjoy
access
to
Internet.
What
we
want
is
for
every
Singaporean
to
be
computer
literate
so
that
he
can
function
effectively
in
any
bank,
factory
or
restaurant,
just
as
one
would
expect
an
employee
to
be
able
to
read,
write
and
count.
An
employer
in
Singapore
in
the
future
should
not
have
to
worry
that
his
employee
does
not
now
how
to
use
a
computer
or
the
Internet.
