Unit 6 When was it invented? 同步拔高知识讲义 及 精选练习题（含答案 含新题型）

1156970010464800Unit 6 When was it invented?
目标短语
1. 有道理 have a point 2. 偶然 by accident
3. 发生 take place 4. 奥林匹克运动会 the Olympics
5. 突然 all of a sudden 6. 错误地 by mistake
7. 无疑 without doubt 8. 把…分开 divide … into
9. 仰慕 look up to 10. 最后 in the end
11. 成为篮球运动员become basketball players 12. …的样式 the style of…
13. 把…翻译成不同的语言 translate…into different languages
14. 外国球员的数量 the number of foreign players
15. 想起 think of 16. 同时 at the same time
17. 了解茶文化 know about tea culture 18. 阻止某人做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.
19. 以低价 at a low price 20. 改变鞋的的样式 change the style of shoes
21. 在我们的日常生活中 in our daily lives 22. 被用于做… be used to do sth.
23. 如此了不起的一项发明 such a great invention
24. 一位叫作神农的中国统治者 a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong
25. 落入水里 fall into the water 26. …的普及the popularity of …
27. 梦想做某事 dream of/about doing sth. 28. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
29. 为实现梦想而努力 work hard to achieve one’s dream
30. 在19世纪 in the 19th century 31. 导致 lead to
词汇认知及运用
一、阅读句子，从方框中选出一个合适的词汇，并用其正确形式填空。
instrument, remain, pioneer, translate, mention, list, customer, doubt, popular, please
1. The word "safety" has been _____ many times in the meeting after many accidents.
2. The UFO _____ a secret that can't be clearly explained in the field of science.
3. There is no ___ that he will win the singing competition.
4. These jokes would be far too difficult to ______ into Chinese.
5. Learning a musical _______ can develop an understanding of music for children.
6. On special days, some supermarkets cut down the price of goods to attract _____.
7. The story is having increasing ______ among American readers.
8. Watching the football games is my only ____ on Saturday evening.
9. Li Dazhao was a _____ of the Chinese revolution(革命). We should learn from him.
10. He seems to be unhappy because his name is not ____ on the top ten students.
二、阅读句子，用括号中词的正确形式填空。
1. Don't forget to capitalize(大写) the_____(one) letter in the sentence.
2. Who is always the first ______(get) to school in your class?
3. This is a kind of white wine that will be_____(drink) deliciously for many years.
4. Ping pong is an interesting sport that is ____(enjoy) by many people in China.
5. Factories must stop_____(pour) out waste water to the river to protect our environment.
三、阅读句子，在句子的空格处填入适当的介词或副词。
1. It's rude to point your fingers ________ people.
2. He cut his fingers ________ accident when cutting vegetables in the kitchen.
3. He is the cleverest student I've ever taught __________ doubt.
4. Life seemed empty and meaningless all __________ a sudden.
5. She told a secret that can't be spoken in public by ___________.
6. Please divide these students ___________ 5 groups and stand in a line.
7. Young people look up ____________their favourite stars.
8. The guard stopped him _____________ going through the gate.
语言知识精讲
1. invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. 发明 inventor n. 发明家
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
The light bulb is Edison's invention. 电灯泡是爱迪生的发明。
Edison is a great inventor. 爱迪生是一个伟大的发明家。
【即学即用】
用invent的适当词形完成空格。
1.Do you know how were potato chips _______(invent)?
2.His ________(invent) made a difference to the world.

2. above /over /on辨析

【考点训练】
1. There is a bridge _____ the river.
A. on B. above C. with D. over
2. Again and again the doctor ______ the crying baby girl, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her.
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out
3. You must be careful when you swim ___ the lake.
A. across B. below C. over D. through

3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
① It's said that……据说
类似的用法有：
大家认为……
据报道
② the first to…序数词、最高级修饰或替代名词时，后接to do结构，如：
You are the first student to arrive today.
This is the best book for children to read.
Since I was here, he has been the first one ______(help) me. to help
③ discover
Columbus discovered America in 1492.?
This ___________ (discover) shows that there are many animals to be found in the forest. discovery

4. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
(1) at the same time 与此同时
含time的短语还有：
all the time 一直 at any time 随时 at the time of ……在…..时候
ahead of time提前 for the first time 第一次 from time to time有时
(2) stop
①停下来去做另一件事 stop to do sth.
当我去图书馆的路上看到我老师的时候，我停下来和她打招呼。
I stopped to say hello to her when I met my teacher on my way to the library.
②停止正在做的事 stop doing sth.
让我们停止工作休息一下吧。
Let’s stop working and have a rest.
③阻止某人做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.
我们必须阻止狂风破坏庄稼。
We must stop the strong wind from destroying the crops.
【即学即用】
1. After driving for more than 2 hours, Eric stopped _____________(have) a walk along the road.
2. When the bell rang, all the students stopped ____________(talk) and waited for the teacher to come.

5. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？
such (a/an) + adj. + n. 意为＂如此……的（一个）……＂。
?Why do you buy such expensive clothes?
【辨析】such和so
such

后接名词或名词短语
（1）such (a/an) + adj. + n.
（2）some/any/no...+ such + n.
so

后接形容词或副词
（1）so + adj. /adv. 或 so + adj. + a/an + n.
（2）so many/much/few/little（少的）+ n.
? I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我以前从未见过如此美丽的地方。
?I’m sorry that I have no such books. 对不起我没有这样的书。
?My father bought me so lovely a dog. 我父亲给我买了一只如此可爱的狗。
?He has so many books in his room. 他的房间里有如此多的书。
6. The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased.
(1) the number of… ……
自从2010年，我们学校学生的数目已经有所增长。
The number of the students
(2) include
The price for the hotel ___________ (include) breakfast.
There are many different kinds of moon cakes, __________ (include) fruit, coffee and ice.
There are 40 students in the classroom, Jenny__________ (include).
(3) increase
Travel _________ (increase) one's knowledge of the world. 旅游增进人对世界的了解。
【考点训练】
1. 准备出国学习的人数一直在增加(increase)。
_________________________________
2. 你需要的所有物品都包含在内(include)。
_________________________________

7. some time一段时间
?I will stay here for some time.我要在这儿待一段时间。
【辨析】some time，sometimes，some times与sometime

?I need some time to do my homework. 我需要一些时间来做作业。
?She comes to visit us sometimes. 她有时来看望我们。
?Lucy has been to Beijing some times. 露西已经去过北京几次了。
?Jack will leave for America sometime next week. 杰克将在下周某个时间动身去美国。

8. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.



拓展：look词组
回头看; 回顾 look back 看不起, 轻视 look down upon
盼望，期待 look forward to doing 查阅; 抬头看 look up
看上去像 look like 浏览；透过......看 look through
当心，小心，留神 look out


9. “发生”辨析



The story ___________ in a far away small village. What ______ to the farmer?
10. please/pleased/pleasant/pleasure区别用法
1)pleasure n.=happiness快乐
Reading can bring us pleasure.阅读能为我们带来快乐。
2)pleasant adj.= nice, comfortable令人愉悦的、舒适的
What a pleasant seat!　多么舒适的座椅！How pleasant the weather is ! 天气多么怡人！
Mr. Green is a pleasant teacher.格林先生是一位风趣的老师。
3) pleased=satisfied adj满意的 be pleased with=be satisfied with对……满意
He is pleased with their warm welcome. 他们的热烈欢迎使他很高兴/满意。
4) —Can you help me with my math?　能帮助我学习数学吗？
—With pleasure=Glad to help.乐意效劳。
5) It's my pleasure.不必客气。

语法精讲
一般过去时的被动语态
1. 一般过去时的被动语态：
(1)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词。
?The desk was made by my father. 这张桌子是由父亲做的。
(2) 句式变化：肯定句：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.
No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
2. 各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例）

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are given
am/is/are being given
has/have been given
过去
was/were given
was/were being given
had been given
将来
shall/will be given

shall/will have been given
过去将来
should/would be given

should/would have been given
含有情态动词
can/should/must/could/may be given
3. 被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。
?Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。
?We haven’t been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。
(2)强调动作的承受者（这时可带由by引起的短语）。
?The book was written by Mo Yan. 这本书是由莫言写的。
?Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。
(3) 处于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well.
他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。
4. 被动语态的注意事项：
(1)＂主语+连系动词 + 表语＂的句子没有被动语态。
(2)there be结构没有被动语态。
(3)主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。
(4)句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说，不及物动词没有被动语态。
(5)有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。
2126615144145 ?He looks after his younger sister. His younger sister is looked after by him.
他照看他妹妹。
(6) 在主动语态中，在make， hear，see，watch，notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但
在被动语态中，to不可省略。
2068830142875 ?We saw a stranger enter the hall. A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.
我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。
【典例】 She ________ to give a talk about how to save water yesterday.
A. invite B. invited C. is invited D. was invited

语法练习
1. —How delicious these bananas are!
—Yeah. They ______ here from Hainan yesterday.
A. are brought B. brought C. were brought D. have brought
2. A lot of trees ________on the hill yesterday.
A. are planted B. will be planted C. have been planted D. were planted
3. —Mom, where is my model plane? —Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday.
A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent
4. —Can you sing the English song? —Yes, a little. It on the radio yesterday.
A. taught B. is taught C. was taught D. teaches
5. Many houses ________in the earthquake of April 20，2013 in Ya’an.
A.is destroyed B. are destroyed C. was destroyed D. were destroyed
6. The Eiffel Tower ________by the French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Exposition (巴黎博览会) of 1889.
A. designed B. was designed C. will design D. will be designed
7. This famous tower more than 300 years ago.
A. build B. builds C. built D. was built
8. Oh, my god! Our house _______last night. Look at the footprints (脚印) on the floor.
A. broke into B. was breaking into C. broken into D. was broken into
9. Chinese ______ by Miss Wang three years ago.
A. taught B. was taught C. is taught D. is teaching
10. The lights in my room _______off when I left yesterday morning.
A. turn B. turned C. are turned D. were turned
11. —Did you go to Tim’s birthday party? —No, I _____.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. invited
12. Basketball ____ by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith.
A. is invented B. was invented C. invented D. invents

课后练习
一、单项选择
1. This kind of machine _________ the metal into pieces.
A. is used by cutting B. is used as cut C. is used for cutting D. used for cutting
2. Let's plant more trees to stop the sand from _______ towards the rich farmland.
A. moving B. blowing C. running D. leaving
3. Not only Hu Ge and Zhao Liying but also Huo Jianhua ______ very popular with the young.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
4. _______ students are present today, and ________ them is 200.
A. The number of; a number of B. A number of; the number of
C. The number of; the number of D. A number of: a number of
5. ---Who's the little boy in the photo, Tom? ---It's me. This photo_________ ten years ago.
A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
6. ---Sorry, but are these your biscuits?
---Oh, sorry. I just took them ______. Mine are under the newspaper.
A. by mistake B. in person C. in trouble D. by hand
7. ---Have you watched the 20th World Cup which _______ in Brazil?
---Of course. I enjoyed it when it _________ in summer.
A. held; took place B. was held; took place
C. was held; was taken place D. held; was taken place
8. Please don't sprinkle much salt _______ the chips, or they will be too_________.
A. on; salt B. in; salty C. in; salt D. on; salty
9. Ma Yun is so successful that my son is always ________ him.
A. looking up to B. looking down on C. looking up on D. looking sown
10. Many houses ___________ by the earthquake and thousands of people _________ homeless.
A. damaged; left B. were damaged: were left
C, were damaging. were leaving D are damaged; are leaving
11. —Who helped Betty tidy up the bedroom just now? —________. She cleaned it all by herself.
A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody
12. The meat on the plate ________ so delicious. Let’s try it together.
A. smells B. sounds C. sees D. feels
13. ________ is said that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
A. That B. It C. This D. Which
14. The workers were made ________ from morning to night in the past.
A. worked B. to work C. work D. working
15. In our school library there ________ a number of books and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.
A. is；are B. has；is C. are；is D. have；are
16. The bad weather stopped them ________ the science museum last Sunday.
A. to visit B. from visiting C. visit D. visited
17. The police believe that the murder________ 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. yesterday.
A. was happened at B. happened at C. took place between D. was took place between
18. My uncle will come ________next month and he will stay here for________.
A. sometime；some time B. sometime；sometime
C. sometimes；some time D. some time；some times
19. Tea was brought to Korea and Japan ________the 6th and 7th centuries.
A. at B. in C. during D. into
20. Mum added lots of ________on the food but it still wasn’t________.
A. salt；enough salt B. salt；salty enough C. salty；enough salt D. salty；salt enough
21. To be healthy, one must have at least _____ sleep every day.
A. eight hours B. eight hour’s C. eight-hour’s D. eight hours’
二、完形填空
The 50-year-old farmer (农民), Wu Yulu is quite different from the others at his village. He is the 16 of 38 handmade robots. He has been 17 to show his robots at the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo.
Born in a 18 family, he did not have the opportunity to go to school. But even as a child, he knew he wanted to make machines. ＂I think 19 machines is a talent I was born with,＂ he said.
In 1987, he finally finished his 20 robot that could walk like a man. He named it ＂Wu No. 1.＂
21 , his experiments (实验) have not been without danger. One of his fingers was injured in 1989. And in 1999, his house was 22 by fire.
In 2003, Wu and his robots were invited to perform in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, and in 2009, his robots were on 23 along with the Chinese Shenzhou spaceships.
Wu’s latest dream is to invent robots 24 can help people in daily life. He will invent robots to help the disabled or look 25 children.
16. A. farmer B. coach C. inventor D. discoverer
17. A. refused B. invited C. collected D. developed
18. A. poor B. rich C. small D. warm
19. A. selling B. repairing C. cleaning D. making
20. A. first B. second C. best D. worst
21. A. However B. Until C. Instead D. So
22. A. cut B. built C. destroyed D. made
23. A. sale B. display C. time D. vacation
24. A. what B. when C. where D. that
25. A. up B. for C. after D. into
三、阅读理解
A
During his life Dr. James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P.E and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr. Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball.
Dr. James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA.
One day the school principal（校长）told James he was having a problem with the students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something.
It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The ＂birth of basketball＂ is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special ＂basketballs＂ through nets.
Although Dr. Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin.
1. Which of the following things did Dr. James Naismith NOT do?
A. Teach P.E in school. B. Write some books.
C. Work at hospital. D. Take part in the Olympic Games.
2. In which season did Dr. Naismith invent basketball?
A. Summer. B. Winter. C. Spring. D. Autumn.
3. Why is December 21 thought to be the birthday of basketball?
A. Dr. Naismith came up with his idea for basketball on December 21.
B. Dr. Naismith was born on December 21.
C. Dr. Naismith was asked by his boss to invent a new game on December 21.
D. The first game of basketball was played on December 21.
4. At the time of Dr. Naismith’s death, which of the following was true?
A. Basketball was already a worldwide game.
B. Basketball was played with 9 players on each side.
C. Basketball was an Olympic sport.
D. Basketball was still played using footballs.
5. What would be the best title for this story?
A. Basketball B. How Basketball Has Changed
C. Father of Basketball D. Happy Birthday, Basketball
B
If you think you’ve gained too much weight or are too skinny, you can talk to a doctor. Your doctor will tell you 1. ? .
If it is concerned about your height, weight, or BMI (体重指数), your doctor may ask questions 2. ? ? ? . Your doctor may also ask about your family background to find out if you’ve received something from your parents that might make you taller, shorter, or a late bloomer (someone who develops later than other people of the same age). The doctor can then put all the information together to decide 3. ? ? .
If your weight isn’t in a healthy range, you will probably get specific diet and exercise recommendations based on your individual needs. Following a doctor’s or dietitian’s plan designed especially for you will work much better than following fad (时尚) diets. For teens, fad diets or starvation plans can actually slow down growth, and the weight loss usually doesn’t last.
What 4. ? ? ? Most teens who weigh less than other teens of their age are just fine. They may be going through puberty on a different schedule than kids of the same age, and their bodies may be growing and changing at a different rate. Most underweight teens catch up in weight as they finish puberty during their later teen years so there’s rarely a need to try to gain weight.
In a few cases, teenagers can be underweight because of a health problem that needs treatment. If you feel tired or ill a lot, or 5. ? , or other problems that have lasted for more than a week or two, be sure to let your parents or your doctor know.
A. whether you might have a weight or growth problem
B. if you have symptoms like a cough, stomachache
C. about your health, physical activity, and eating habits
D. if you’re worried about being too skinny
E. if you take care of it
F. whether you’re growing normally
G. about your dieting
四、完成句子
1. 但是我认为你是有道理的
But I thought you _______________________.
2. 毫无疑间,中国人最了解茶文化。
_________________, the Chinese know about tea culture best.
3. 我们想知道谁把这个故事翻译成了中文。
We wondered who _____________ this story ____________ Chinese.
4. 我的朋友在爬山时意外摔断了胳膊。
My friend broke his arm ________________ when he was climbing the mountain.
5. 突然，我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。
We heard a strange sound _________________.
6. 大地震后，英雄一个接一个地出现。
__________________ appeared one after another after the big ______________.
7. 薯条是一个名叫乔治克拉姆的厨师发明的。
Potato chips _____________ a cook ___________ George Crum.
8. 顾客认为土豆不够咸。 salty enough
Customers thought the potatoes were not ___________.
9. 茶在六、七世纪期间被带到日本和朝鲜。
Tea ___________ to Japan and Korea during the sixth and _____________.
10. 我们的父母建议我们晚上不要独自外出。
Our parents advised us ______________ alone at night.
五、短语填空
team have name it happy knock many invent throw be
Do you like basketball? It is one of the 1. ________ popular sports in the world. It is over a century old. In the winter of 1891, a certain college was 2. ________ some trouble with its boy student. The weather 3. ________ bad and the students had to stay indoors. As they could not do their usual outdoor sports they were 4. _________, and some even got into fights from time to time.
Some of the teachers at the college asked a Canadian doctor 5._______ James Naismith to 6. _______ a game so that the students had something to play. First, in order to be safe, he designed (设计) a hard wooden floor. In this way, 7. into players and falling down were also dangerous. Then he invented a kind of ball game. It was a fast, wonderful game. It was played between two 8. _________. In order to score, the ball had to be 9. ___ into the basket on the wall. At each end of the court (球场) there was such a basket. At first, Dr. Naismith wanted to throw balls into boxes. As he could not find boxes of the right size, he had to use fruit baskets instead. That is why the game got 10.________ name.
六、任务型阅读。阅读下面的短文, 根据短文内容, 完成下列各题。
The first robots were invented in the 1920s. Robots have appeared in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and cleverer than people.
In real life, robots are mainly used in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans.
Robots also help disabled people. for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide (向导) dog to help them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs.
One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever. It knows the speed of its owner's walk. The owner wears a special belt (带子). This belt sends instructions to the owner from the dog, such as "Stop here", "Turn left" or "Turn right”.
In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of themselves in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner's voice. It follows instructions, such as "Turn the page" or “Make a cup of coffee”.
Robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simple jobs. At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patients' rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory. Though robots can help people in many different ways, they will never take the place of humans.
1. What does a robot guide dog have?
A robot guide dog has ______________________ and moves in front of blind people.
2. Why does the owner of the robot guide dog know where to go or to turn?
Because the owner wears ____________________ which sends instructions to the owner.
3. What kind of jobs can the robots do for in American hospitals?
They can do _________________________ jobs.
4. At the hospital, why does a robot take meals to patients’ rooms without missing the way?
Because this robot has ______________________ in its computer memory.
5. From the passage, what can we know about robots?
In the passage, we know that robots can help people in different ways, but they won't ______________ place.
七、补全对话
A: Hi, Jack.
B: Hi, Mr. White. 1. _________________?
A: It’s a robot.
B: A robot? 2. _________________?
A: It can do a lot of things.
B: That’s really amazing. I never expect (期望) to see such a robot in my life.
A: I got it from a friend.
B: 3. _________________?
A: He is an inventor. He has invented many things.
B: 4. _________________?
A: Because he likes making things.
B: I really want to know him. Can you introduce him to me?
A: 5. _________________. We will have a party this Sunday. You can go with me.
B: That’s great. Thanks.





1156970010464800Unit 6 When was it invented?
目标短语
1. 有道理 have a point 2. 偶然 by accident
3. 发生 take place 4. 奥林匹克运动会 the Olympics
5. 突然 all of a sudden 6. 错误地 by mistake
7. 无疑 without doubt 8. 把…分开 divide … into
9. 仰慕 look up to 10. 最后 in the end
11. 成为篮球运动员become basketball players 12. …的样式 the style of…
13. 把…翻译成不同的语言 translate…into different languages
14. 外国球员的数量 the number of foreign players
15. 想起 think of 16. 同时 at the same time
17. 了解茶文化 know about tea culture 18. 阻止某人做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.
19. 以低价 at a low price 20. 改变鞋的的样式 change the style of shoes
21. 在我们的日常生活中 in our daily lives 22. 被用于做… be used to do sth.
23. 如此了不起的一项发明 such a great invention
24. 一位叫作神农的中国统治者 a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong
25. 落入水里 fall into the water 26. …的普及the popularity of …
27. 梦想做某事 dream of/about doing sth. 28. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
29. 为实现梦想而努力 work hard to achieve one’s dream
30. 在19世纪 in the 19th century 31. 导致 lead to
词汇认知及运用
一、阅读句子，从方框中选出一个合适的词汇，并用其正确形式填空。
instrument, remain, pioneer, translate, mention, list, customer, doubt, popular, please
1. The word "safety" has been _____ many times in the meeting after many accidents. mentioned
2. The UFO _____ a secret that can't be clearly explained in the field of science. remains
3. There is no ___ that he will win the singing competition. doubt
4. These jokes would be far too difficult to ______ into Chinese. translate
5. Learning a musical _______ can develop an understanding of music for children. instrument
6. On special days, some supermarkets cut down the price of goods to attract _____. customers
7. The story is having increasing ______ among American readers. popularity
8. Watching the football games is my only ____ on Saturday evening. pleasure
9. Li Dazhao was a _____ of the Chinese revolution(革命). We should learn from him. pioneer
10. He seems to be unhappy because his name is not ____ on the top ten students. listed
二、阅读句子，用括号中词的正确形式填空。
1. Don't forget to capitalize(大写) the_____(one) letter in the sentence. first
2. Who is always the first ______(get) to school in your class? to get
3. This is a kind of white wine that will be_____(drink) deliciously for many years. drunk
4. Ping pong is an interesting sport that is ____(enjoy) by many people in China. enjoyed
5. Factories must stop_____(pour) out waste water to the river to protect our environment. pouring
三、阅读句子，在句子的空格处填入适当的介词或副词。
1. It's rude to point your fingers ________ people. at
2. He cut his fingers ________ accident when cutting vegetables in the kitchen. by
3. He is the cleverest student I've ever taught __________ doubt. without
4. Life seemed empty and meaningless all __________ a sudden. of
5. She told a secret that can't be spoken in public by ___________. mistake
6. Please divide these students ___________ 5 groups and stand in a line. into
7. Young people look up ____________their favourite stars. to
8. The guard stopped him _____________ going through the gate. from
语言知识精讲
1. invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. 发明 inventor n. 发明家
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
The light bulb is Edison's invention. 电灯泡是爱迪生的发明。
Edison is a great inventor. 爱迪生是一个伟大的发明家。
【即学即用】
用invent的适当词形完成空格。
1.Do you know how were potato chips _______(invent)? invited
2.His ________(invent) made a difference to the world. invention

2. above /over /on辨析

【考点训练】
1. There is a bridge _____ the river. D
A. on B. above C. with D. over
2. Again and again the doctor ______ the crying baby girl, but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her. A
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out
3. You must be careful when you swim ___ the lake. A
A. across B. below C. over D. through

3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
① It's said that……据说
类似的用法有：
大家认为……
据报道
② the first to…序数词、最高级修饰或替代名词时，后接to do结构，如：
You are the first student to arrive today.
This is the best book for children to read.
Since I was here, he has been the first one ______(help) me. to help
③ discover
Columbus discovered America in 1492.?
This ___________ (discover) shows that there are many animals to be found in the forest. discovery

4. At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.
(1) at the same time 与此同时
含time的短语还有：
all the time 一直 at any time 随时 at the time of ……在…..时候
ahead of time提前 for the first time 第一次 from time to time有时
(2) stop
①停下来去做另一件事 stop to do sth.
当我去图书馆的路上看到我老师的时候，我停下来和她打招呼。
I stopped to say hello to her when I met my teacher on my way to the library.
②停止正在做的事 stop doing sth.
让我们停止工作休息一下吧。
Let’s stop working and have a rest.
③阻止某人做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.
我们必须阻止狂风破坏庄稼。
We must stop the strong wind from destroying the crops.
【即学即用】
1. After driving for more than 2 hours, Eric stopped _____________(have) a walk along the road. to have
2. When the bell rang, all the students stopped ____________(talk) and waited for the teacher to come. talking

5. Is it really such a great invention? 它真的是如此了不起的一项发明吗？
such (a/an) + adj. + n. 意为＂如此……的（一个）……＂。
?Why do you buy such expensive clothes?
【辨析】such和so
such

后接名词或名词短语
（1）such (a/an) + adj. + n.
（2）some/any/no...+ such + n.
so

后接形容词或副词
（1）so + adj. /adv. 或 so + adj. + a/an + n.
（2）so many/much/few/little（少的）+ n.
? I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我以前从未见过如此美丽的地方。
?I’m sorry that I have no such books. 对不起我没有这样的书。
?My father bought me so lovely a dog. 我父亲给我买了一只如此可爱的狗。
?He has so many books in his room. 他的房间里有如此多的书。
6. The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased.
(1) the number of… ……
自从2010年，我们学校学生的数目已经有所增长。
The number of the students
(2) include
The price for the hotel ___________ (include) breakfast. includes
There are many different kinds of moon cakes, __________ (include) fruit, coffee and ice. including
There are 40 students in the classroom, Jenny__________ (include). included
(3) increase
Travel _________ (increase) one's knowledge of the world. 旅游增进人对世界的了解。 increases
【考点训练】
1. 准备出国学习的人数一直在增加(increase)。
_________________________________ The number of the students who are going to study abroad is increasing.
2. 你需要的所有物品都包含在内(include)。
_________________________________ All the things you need are included.

7. some time一段时间
?I will stay here for some time.我要在这儿待一段时间。
【辨析】some time，sometimes，some times与sometime

?I need some time to do my homework. 我需要一些时间来做作业。
?She comes to visit us sometimes. 她有时来看望我们。
?Lucy has been to Beijing some times. 露西已经去过北京几次了。
?Jack will leave for America sometime next week. 杰克将在下周某个时间动身去美国。

8. Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.



拓展：look词组
回头看; 回顾 look back 看不起, 轻视 look down upon
盼望，期待 look forward to doing 查阅; 抬头看 look up
看上去像 look like 浏览；透过......看 look through
当心，小心，留神 look out


9. “发生”辨析



The story ___________ in a far away small village. What ______ to the farmer?
10. please/pleased/pleasant/pleasure区别用法
1)pleasure n.=happiness快乐
Reading can bring us pleasure.阅读能为我们带来快乐。
2)pleasant adj.= nice, comfortable令人愉悦的、舒适的
What a pleasant seat!　多么舒适的座椅！How pleasant the weather is ! 天气多么怡人！
Mr. Green is a pleasant teacher.格林先生是一位风趣的老师。
3) pleased=satisfied adj满意的 be pleased with=be satisfied with对……满意
He is pleased with their warm welcome. 他们的热烈欢迎使他很高兴/满意。
4) —Can you help me with my math?　能帮助我学习数学吗？
—With pleasure=Glad to help.乐意效劳。
5) It's my pleasure.不必客气。

语法精讲
一般过去时的被动语态
1. 一般过去时的被动语态：
(1)一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were + 及物动词的过去分词。
?The desk was made by my father. 这张桌子是由父亲做的。
(2) 句式变化：肯定句：主语 + was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他？
回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were.
No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
2. 各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例）

一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are given
am/is/are being given
has/have been given
过去
was/were given
was/were being given
had been given
将来
shall/will be given

shall/will have been given
过去将来
should/would be given

should/would have been given
含有情态动词
can/should/must/could/may be given
3. 被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。
?Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的。
?We haven’t been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。
(2)强调动作的承受者（这时可带由by引起的短语）。
?The book was written by Mo Yan. 这本书是由莫言写的。
?Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
许多国家已向太空发射了人造卫星。
(3) 处于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well.
他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。
4. 被动语态的注意事项：
(1)＂主语+连系动词 + 表语＂的句子没有被动语态。
(2)there be结构没有被动语态。
(3)主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。
(4)句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说，不及物动词没有被动语态。
(5)有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。
2126615144145 ?He looks after his younger sister. His younger sister is looked after by him.
他照看他妹妹。
(6) 在主动语态中，在make， hear，see，watch，notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但
在被动语态中，to不可省略。
2068830142875 ?We saw a stranger enter the hall. A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us.
我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。
【典例】 She ________ to give a talk about how to save water yesterday.
A. invite B. invited C. is invited D. was invited 【答案】D

语法练习
1. —How delicious these bananas are!
—Yeah. They ______ here from Hainan yesterday. C
A. are brought B. brought C. were brought D. have brought
2. A lot of trees ________on the hill yesterday. D
A. are planted B. will be planted C. have been planted D. were planted
3. —Mom, where is my model plane? —Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. C
A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. lent
4. —Can you sing the English song? —Yes, a little. It on the radio yesterday. C
A. taught B. is taught C. was taught D. teaches
5. Many houses ________in the earthquake of April 20，2013 in Ya’an. D
A.is destroyed B. are destroyed C. was destroyed D. were destroyed
6. The Eiffel Tower ________by the French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel for the Paris Exposition (巴黎博览会) of 1889. B
A. designed B. was designed C. will design D. will be designed
7. This famous tower more than 300 years ago. D
A. build B. builds C. built D. was built
8. Oh, my god! Our house _______last night. Look at the footprints (脚印) on the floor. D
A. broke into B. was breaking into C. broken into D. was broken into
9. Chinese ______ by Miss Wang three years ago. B
A. taught B. was taught C. is taught D. is teaching
10. The lights in my room _______off when I left yesterday morning. D
A. turn B. turned C. are turned D. were turned
11. —Did you go to Tim’s birthday party? —No, I _____. B
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. invited
12. Basketball ____ by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith. B
A. is invented B. was invented C. invented D. invents

课后练习
一、单项选择
1. This kind of machine _________ the metal into pieces. C
A. is used by cutting B. is used as cut C. is used for cutting D. used for cutting
2. Let's plant more trees to stop the sand from _______ towards the rich farmland. B
A. moving B. blowing C. running D. leaving
3. Not only Hu Ge and Zhao Liying but also Huo Jianhua ______ very popular with the young. C
A. be B. are C. is D. am
4. _______ students are present today, and ________ them is 200. B
A. The number of; a number of B. A number of; the number of
C. The number of; the number of D. A number of: a number of
5. ---Who's the little boy in the photo, Tom? ---It's me. This photo_________ ten years ago. D
A. takes B. is taken C. took D. was taken
6. ---Sorry, but are these your biscuits?
---Oh, sorry. I just took them ______. Mine are under the newspaper. A
A. by mistake B. in person C. in trouble D. by hand
7. ---Have you watched the 20th World Cup which _______ in Brazil?
---Of course. I enjoyed it when it _________ in summer. B
A. held; took place B. was held; took place
C. was held; was taken place D. held; was taken place
8. Please don't sprinkle much salt _______ the chips, or they will be too_________. D
A. on; salt B. in; salty C. in; salt D. on; salty
9. Ma Yun is so successful that my son is always ________ him. A
A. looking up to B. looking down on C. looking up on D. looking sown
10. Many houses ___________ by the earthquake and thousands of people _________ homeless. B
A. damaged; left B. were damaged: were left
C, were damaging. were leaving D are damaged; are leaving
11. —Who helped Betty tidy up the bedroom just now? —________. She cleaned it all by herself. B
A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody
12. The meat on the plate ________ so delicious. Let’s try it together. A
A. smells B. sounds C. sees D. feels
13. ________ is said that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson. B
A. That B. It C. This D. Which
14. The workers were made ________ from morning to night in the past. B
A. worked B. to work C. work D. working
15. In our school library there ________ a number of books and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger. C
A. is；are B. has；is C. are；is D. have；are
16. The bad weather stopped them ________ the science museum last Sunday. B
A. to visit B. from visiting C. visit D. visited
17. The police believe that the murder________ 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. yesterday. C
A. was happened at B. happened at C. took place between D. was took place between
18. My uncle will come ________next month and he will stay here for________. A
A. sometime；some time B. sometime；sometime
C. sometimes；some time D. some time；some times
19. Tea was brought to Korea and Japan ________the 6th and 7th centuries. C
A. at B. in C. during D. into
20. Mum added lots of ________on the food but it still wasn’t________. B
A. salt；enough salt B. salt；salty enough C. salty；enough salt D. salty；salt enough
21. To be healthy, one must have at least _____ sleep every day. D
A. eight hours B. eight hour’s C. eight-hour’s D. eight hours’
二、完形填空
The 50-year-old farmer (农民), Wu Yulu is quite different from the others at his village. He is the 16 of 38 handmade robots. He has been 17 to show his robots at the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo.
Born in a 18 family, he did not have the opportunity to go to school. But even as a child, he knew he wanted to make machines. ＂I think 19 machines is a talent I was born with,＂ he said.
In 1987, he finally finished his 20 robot that could walk like a man. He named it ＂Wu No. 1.＂
21 , his experiments (实验) have not been without danger. One of his fingers was injured in 1989. And in 1999, his house was 22 by fire.
In 2003, Wu and his robots were invited to perform in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, and in 2009, his robots were on 23 along with the Chinese Shenzhou spaceships.
Wu’s latest dream is to invent robots 24 can help people in daily life. He will invent robots to help the disabled or look 25 children.
16. A. farmer B. coach C. inventor D. discoverer
17. A. refused B. invited C. collected D. developed
18. A. poor B. rich C. small D. warm
19. A. selling B. repairing C. cleaning D. making
20. A. first B. second C. best D. worst
21. A. However B. Until C. Instead D. So
22. A. cut B. built C. destroyed D. made
23. A. sale B. display C. time D. vacation
24. A. what B. when C. where D. that
25. A. up B. for C. after D. into
C B A D A A C B D C
三、阅读理解
A
During his life Dr. James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P.E and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr. Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball.
Dr. James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA.
One day the school principal（校长）told James he was having a problem with the students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something.
It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The ＂birth of basketball＂ is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special ＂basketballs＂ through nets.
Although Dr. Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the games in Berlin.
1. Which of the following things did Dr. James Naismith NOT do? D
A. Teach P.E in school. B. Write some books.
C. Work at hospital. D. Take part in the Olympic Games.
2. In which season did Dr. Naismith invent basketball? B
A. Summer. B. Winter. C. Spring. D. Autumn.
3. Why is December 21 thought to be the birthday of basketball? A
A. Dr. Naismith came up with his idea for basketball on December 21.
B. Dr. Naismith was born on December 21.
C. Dr. Naismith was asked by his boss to invent a new game on December 21.
D. The first game of basketball was played on December 21.
4. At the time of Dr. Naismith’s death, which of the following was true? C
A. Basketball was already a worldwide game.
B. Basketball was played with 9 players on each side.
C. Basketball was an Olympic sport.
D. Basketball was still played using footballs.
5. What would be the best title for this story? C
A. Basketball B. How Basketball Has Changed
C. Father of Basketball D. Happy Birthday, Basketball
B
If you think you’ve gained too much weight or are too skinny, you can talk to a doctor. Your doctor will tell you 1. ? .
If it is concerned about your height, weight, or BMI (体重指数), your doctor may ask questions 2. ? ? ? . Your doctor may also ask about your family background to find out if you’ve received something from your parents that might make you taller, shorter, or a late bloomer (someone who develops later than other people of the same age). The doctor can then put all the information together to decide 3. ? ? .
If your weight isn’t in a healthy range, you will probably get specific diet and exercise recommendations based on your individual needs. Following a doctor’s or dietitian’s plan designed especially for you will work much better than following fad (时尚) diets. For teens, fad diets or starvation plans can actually slow down growth, and the weight loss usually doesn’t last.
What 4. ? ? ? Most teens who weigh less than other teens of their age are just fine. They may be going through puberty on a different schedule than kids of the same age, and their bodies may be growing and changing at a different rate. Most underweight teens catch up in weight as they finish puberty during their later teen years so there’s rarely a need to try to gain weight.
In a few cases, teenagers can be underweight because of a health problem that needs treatment. If you feel tired or ill a lot, or 5. ? , or other problems that have lasted for more than a week or two, be sure to let your parents or your doctor know. FCADB
A. whether you might have a weight or growth problem
B. if you have symptoms like a cough, stomachache
C. about your health, physical activity, and eating habits
D. if you’re worried about being too skinny
E. if you take care of it
F. whether you’re growing normally
G. about your dieting
四、完成句子
1. 但是我认为你是有道理的
But I thought you _______________________. made sense/had a point
2. 毫无疑间,中国人最了解茶文化。
_________________, the Chinese know about tea culture best. Without doubt
3. 我们想知道谁把这个故事翻译成了中文。
We wondered who _____________ this story ____________ Chinese. translated; into
4. 我的朋友在爬山时意外摔断了胳膊。 by accident/ by chance
My friend broke his arm ________________ when he was climbing the mountain.
5. 突然，我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。
We heard a strange sound _________________. all of a sudden/suddenly
6. 大地震后，英雄一个接一个地出现。 Heroes; earthquake
__________________ appeared one after another after the big ______________.
7. 薯条是一个名叫乔治克拉姆的厨师发明的。 was invented by; named
Potato chips _____________ a cook ___________ George Crum.
8. 顾客认为土豆不够咸。 salty enough
Customers thought the potatoes were not ___________.
9. 茶在六、七世纪期间被带到日本和朝鲜。 was brought; seventh century
Tea ___________ to Japan and Korea during the sixth and _____________.
10. 我们的父母建议我们晚上不要独自外出。 not to go out
Our parents advised us ______________ alone at night.
五、短语填空
team have name it happy knock many invent throw be
Do you like basketball? It is one of the 1. ________ popular sports in the world. It is over a century old. In the winter of 1891, a certain college was 2. ________ some trouble with its boy student. The weather 3. ________ bad and the students had to stay indoors. As they could not do their usual outdoor sports they were 4. _________, and some even got into fights from time to time.
Some of the teachers at the college asked a Canadian doctor 5._______ James Naismith to 6. _______ a game so that the students had something to play. First, in order to be safe, he designed (设计) a hard wooden floor. In this way, 7. into players and falling down were also dangerous. Then he invented a kind of ball game. It was a fast, wonderful game. It was played between two 8. _________. In order to score, the ball had to be 9. ___ into the basket on the wall. At each end of the court (球场) there was such a basket. At first, Dr. Naismith wanted to throw balls into boxes. As he could not find boxes of the right size, he had to use fruit baskets instead. That is why the game got 10.________ name.
most; having; was; unhappy; named; invent; knocking; teams; thrown; its
六、任务型阅读。阅读下面的短文, 根据短文内容, 完成下列各题。
The first robots were invented in the 1920s. Robots have appeared in many American films. In some films, they are stronger, faster and cleverer than people.
In real life, robots are mainly used in factories. They do some dangerous and difficult jobs for humans.
Robots also help disabled people. for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide (向导) dog to help them. In the future, guide dogs might be robot dogs.
One kind of robot guide dog has wheels. It moves in front of the owner. It is very clever. It knows the speed of its owner's walk. The owner wears a special belt (带子). This belt sends instructions to the owner from the dog, such as "Stop here", "Turn left" or "Turn right”.
In the United States, another kind of robot helps disabled people to take care of themselves in their daily life. The robot hears the sound of its owner's voice. It follows instructions, such as "Turn the page" or “Make a cup of coffee”.
Robots are also used in American hospitals. They can do simple jobs. At one hospital, for example, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to patients' rooms. It never gets lost because this robot has a map of the hospital in its computer memory. Though robots can help people in many different ways, they will never take the place of humans.
1. What does a robot guide dog have?
A robot guide dog has ______________________ and moves in front of blind people. wheels
2. Why does the owner of the robot guide dog know where to go or to turn?
Because the owner wears ____________________ which sends instructions to the owner. a special belt
3. What kind of jobs can the robots do for in American hospitals?
They can do _________________________ jobs. simple
4. At the hospital, why does a robot take meals to patients’ rooms without missing the way?
Because this robot has ______________________ in its computer memory. a map of the hospital
5. From the passage, what can we know about robots? take the humans’
In the passage, we know that robots can help people in different ways, but they won't ______________ place.
七、补全对话
A: Hi, Jack.
B: Hi, Mr. White. 1. _________________?
A: It’s a robot.
B: A robot? 2. _________________?
A: It can do a lot of things.
B: That’s really amazing. I never expect (期望) to see such a robot in my life.
A: I got it from a friend.
B: 3. _________________?
A: He is an inventor. He has invented many things.
B: 4. _________________?
A: Because he likes making things.
B: I really want to know him. Can you introduce him to me?
A: 5. _________________. We will have a party this Sunday. You can go with me.
B: That’s great. Thanks.