被动语态讲义

九年级被动语态
学习目标：掌握各种时态的被动语态的结构
能够正确的把主动语态变为被动语态
掌握被动语态的各种特殊用法
重难点：被动语态的几种特殊用法
一、语态概述
英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：Many people speak English.（谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。）
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。
例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
公式为： be（有时态的变化）+动词的过去分词
1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.（every day, usually, often …）
2. 一般过去时： was (were) done (yesterday, last night/week/month/year,in1885…)
3. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done ( next week/month/year, in the future…)
* 4. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done ( now, these days, Look! Listen! …)
* 5. 现在完成时： have (has) been done （since+clause/ the past time, for + some time , so far, these days…）
6. 带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done
7 不定式的被动结构 to+ be+动词的过去分词
三、被动语态的用法 (歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。)
1 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. This car is made in America.
2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用. eg. Rome was not built in a day.
3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.
eg. English is spoken in many countries .
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
例如： All the people laughed at him.---- He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
-----The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”， （情态动词）原来带to要保留。例如：
1 We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
2 You ought to take it away. →It ought to be taken away.
3 They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.
六、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)
此结构不可用被动语态。
(正) The flowers smell sweet.
(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.
2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)
此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night.
(误) An accident was happened last night.
3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)
（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
Children often sing this song
This song is often sung by children.
（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。
We should listen to the teachers carefully.
The teachers should be listened to carefully.
4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)
（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。
He showed us a picture .
We were shown a picture.
（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.
常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等
常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等
A picture was shown to us.
A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.
5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)
如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。
I saw him fall off the tree.
He was seen to fall off the tree.
6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。
I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。
*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销.
课内探究案
I 思考一：各种时态的被动语态的结构
时态 被动语态结构
一般将来时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
含有情态动词
【模拟试题】
1. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday .
A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited
2. I first met Mary three year ago . She at a radio shop at the time .
A. has worked B. works C. was working D. will work
3. Bill might phone while I’m out this evening . If he , could you take a message
A. does B. might C. phoned D. will
4. Another new library last month in my hometown .
A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built
5. It’s about ten months since the boy a Young Pioneer .
A. became B. has become C. has been D. had been
6. — Your E-mail address again I quite catch it .
— Fed langhter @
A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. didn’t
7. — Where is Mr. Green now I haven’t seen him for a few days .
— He to Hong Kong .
A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone
8. A lot of food to that country after the war was over .
A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sent
9. The world . Things never stay the same .
A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change
10. — Oh , Mrs. King , your necklace looks nice . Is it new
— No , I it for two years .
A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought
11. The magazines to the library in two weeks .
A. must return B. must be returned C. returned D. must be returning
12. — John , you the computer game for two hours . It’s bad for your eyes . Stop , please .
— OK . Mum .
A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play
13. — It’s more and more important to protect our earth .
—I agree with you . If everyone a contribution .
A. make B. makes C. will make D. made
14. He won’t leave his office until he his work .
A. will finish B. finishes C. is finishing D. finish
15. We will talk about the problem as soon as we time .
A. had B. have C. had had D. will have
16. — Have you ever Lintong to see Terra Cotta Warriors
— Yes , I have .
A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
17. I’m sorry you’ve missed the train . It 10 minutes ago .
A. left B. has left C. had left D. had been left
18. Even hot sun cannot make the place dry because green plants there .
A. are growing B. will grow C. grew D. grows
19. — What are on show in the museum
— Some photos by Africa children .
A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken
20. — Did you see Tom at the party
— No , he by the time I got there .
A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left
【试题答案】
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B
11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. C