(共95张PPT)
研读真题 明确高考方向
科学备考 提高复习质量
岷县第一中学 王学文
完形填空
规律方法及答题技巧
高考英语完形填空趋势
从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看,已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了,而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择,必须在理解整篇文章的基础上,才能作出正确的判断。
高考英语完形填空命题特点
1. 短文长度200词左右,生词少,难度适中。
2. 首句无空格,提供语境。5-10词设一人名、
地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少,
题目越难;反之亦然。
3. 选项多为一词,偶会为词组。四选项为同一类
词或属同一范畴,或近义或形异义,或与前
后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。
高考英语完形填空命题特点
4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主,虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%,其中又以动、名、形为主。
5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项;有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上,正确把握上下文的逻辑关系,才能正确判断和选择。
英语完形填空解题步骤
通读全文,统揽全局。
逐句分析,确定选项。
通盘理解,上下一致。
复读全文,核对答案。
完形填空解题分类实例分析
一. 按词类分:
1.实词
2.虚词
3.词组
二. 按形式分:
1.单纯性选择
2.常识性选择
3.近义词选择
4.近形词选择
5.惯用法选择
三. 按句义选择
四. 按语义选择
按词类分: 1.实词
例1:
Everyone wants to be healthy and happy. __1__, illness or accidents may occur without__2__.
1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately
c.Naturally d.Occasionally
2.a.reason b.information
c.warning d.notice
按词类分: 1.实词
例2:
Over the last few years manufacturers have been__1__reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more___2___.
1.a.steadily b.constantly
c.frequently d.essentially
2.a.valuable b. portable(轻便的)
c.selective d.economical
按词类分: 1.实词
例3:
About 120,000 people_1__to the city every year. They come for the few_2__jobs, which are usually no better than__3__they left.
1.a.change b.arrive c.drive d.move
2.a.possible b.popular
c.available d.convenient
3.a.one b.the one c.ones d.the ones
按词类分: 2.虚词
例4:
__1_you have chosen an article to read, you will find the important general information_2__the key facts in the first few paragraphs.
1.a.While b.Once
c.As soon as d.Whenever
2.a.with b.by c.for d.at
按词类分: 2.虚词
例5:
When I have free time, I go _1__a long walk. Some people read books or watch TV_2__others have sports.
1.a.to b.for c.on d.with
2a.and b.but c.yet d.while
按词类分: 2.虚词
例6:
The audience waited__1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2__the figures he could not remember.
1.a.for b.in c.at d.during
2.a.for b.of c.about d.on
按词类分: 3.词组
例7:
He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he _2__into that place.
1.a.after all b.in all
c.at all d.for all
2.a.needn’t go b.needn’t have gone
c.shouldn't’t go d.shouldn’t have gone
例8:(词组)
We __1_about when man first began to use salt,but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout the history._2__,it is recorded in many books that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted fish.thousands of years ago in Egypt,salt__3__the dead.
1.a.have all known b.have no idea
c.haven’t any ideas d.have an idea
2.a.For example b.Such as
c.First of all d.Above all
3.a.used to preserve b.got used to preserving
c.used to preserving d.was used to preserve
按形式分:1.单纯性选择
例10:
_1__methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child----dull,bright,or normal.
1.a.Valuable b.various
c.Unique d.unusual
2.a.measure b.describe
c.illustrate d.recognize
按形式分:1.单纯性选择
例11:
The tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he_1__that he didn’t know its__2__worth.
1.a.promised b.claimed
c.admitted d.permitted
2.a.practical b.additional
c.adequate d.actual
按形式分:1.单纯性选择
例12:
__1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers suffered from__2__.
1.a.Obviously b.Surprisingly
c.Fortunately d.Unfortunately
2.a.distress b.shock
c.failure d.trouble
按形式分:1.单纯性选择
例13:
Being much too fat,Stella was advised to_1__her food for each meal,yet,she would have__2_of that.
1.a.relax b.reduce c.relieve d.remove
2.a.no b.not c.none d.nothing
按形式分:1.单纯性选择
例14:
At an early age the youth will develop his_1__,and the kind of home life he has will greatly__2__the development.
1.a.hobby b.personality
c.intelligence d.knowledge
2.a.increase b.enhance(增强)
c.encourage d.influence(影响)
按形式分:2.常识性选择
例15:
Everyone has seen the Olympic Games at some time---either in Montreal,Barcelona.
and everyone knows that_1__started the Games.But most people don’t know the real story.
1.a.Greeks b.French
c.Americans d.English
按形式分:2.常识性选择
例16:
There are twenty-seven bridges over the Thames.Tower Bridge,the first bridge over the Thames as you travel toward_1__ from the sea,is the most famous of them all.
1.a.Europe b.America c.London d.China
按形式分:2.常识性选择
例17:
One of the most famous statues in the would stands on an island in New York Harbor.
This statue is,of course,the Statue of liberty
().The Statue of liberty is a(an)_1__who holds a__2_up high.
1.a.man b.woman c.child d.old
2.a.cane b.candle c.torch d.lamp
按形式分:2.近义词选择
例18:
He used to have a_1__of coin-collection,but he has given it up.
1.a.custom b.habit c.hobby d.like
按形式分:2.近义词选择
例20:
The wounded soldier was unconscious but still__1__when taken to the hospital.
1.a.living b.alive c.live d.lively
按形式分:2.近义词选择
例21:
While some people think that sugar is the best__1__of__2__,others believe that sugar is bad for human health.
1.a.origin b.source c.resource d.cause
2.a.power b.energy c.force d.strength
按形式分:2.惯用法选择
例25:
It suddenly__1__me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening.
1.a.hit on b.struck c.occurred d.drawn
按形式分:2.惯用法选择
例26:
Safe operation means that both the operators and the equipment are__1___from harm.
1.a.kept b.freed c.prevented d.hidden
按形式分:2.惯用法选择
例27:
We were almost exhausted before we finally__1__sight of the shabby temple which was said to be one of the remains__2__back to the fifteen century B.C.
1.a.held b.caught c.got d.took
2.a.dating b.traced c.going d.returned
按句义分:
例30:
Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered__1__water.Water heats up more slowly than land,_2__once it has become warm it takes longer to fall__3_.
1.a.on b.with c.in d.by
2.a.so b.and c.then d.but
3.a.down b.up c.apart d.behind
按句义分:
例32:
Strangely enough,I once tried to get sick.I didn't wear a sweater __1_I should, and I walked in the rain__2__my boots and my feet got soaked.
_3__so far nothing wrong has happened.
1.a.while b.provided c.when d.though
2.a.with b.in c.by d.without
3.a.But b.Then c.Therefore d.Yet
按句义分:
例33:
Some parents are greatly worried_1__their children fail to do well in their studies. They_2__either genetic factors or laziness,_3__they never take these non-intelligence factors into__4__.
1.a.about b.with c.when d.since
2.a.blame b.complain c.confuse d.condemn
3.a.nevertheless b.similarly c.therefore d.but
4.a.figures b.consideration c.granted d.reflection
按句义分:
例34:
A credit card is a __1__of identification__2_
which the owner may obtain consumer credit
for the _3__of goods or services_4__than pay
cash.
1.a.mean b.means c.methods d.ways
2.a.by b.in c.through d.with
3.a. production b.possession c.purchase d.property
4.a.better b.more c.rather d.right
笑对高考!
解读《考纲》
(1)理解主旨和要义;
(2)理解文中具体信息;
(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义;
(4)作出简单判断和推理;
(5)理解文章的基本结构;
(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读理解的六点要求
阅读理解
规律方法及答题技巧
1.很多考生对文章似乎是读懂了,然而并没有选择好答案,其中一个重要原因是没有读懂四个选项之间的差别。因此有必要在平时的训练中加强对题目选项的阅读理解。
点拨
2.要注意短文的开头和结尾,它们往往提出或归纳某一要点或中心思想。
3.对不同类型的文章采用不同的解题方法。读说明文时,可以先阅读题目,带着问题阅读,多注意细节,如时间、地点、人物或数据等。而读应用文或记叙文时,必须先通读全文,把握文章大意,注意区别哪些是主要论点或主题句,哪些是论据或阐述。
4.提高阅读速度,善于抓关键词、关键句。平时训练时一定要有时间概念,重要的句子要细致地琢磨,但不能逐字逐句都花同样的时间。
在有限的时间内要在英语考试中成为阅读理解的“得分高手”,就要牢记以下要点:
支招
第一、事实题———“鹦鹉学舌”。即根据文章中作者的思路和意图来做题,不要自己主观臆断。阅读理解试题中大部分题型都是对文章细节,段落事实的考查。
第二、猜测词意题———“瞻前顾后”。做此类题时不能只注重词语的表面意思,或是单凭自己的印象来做题,而是要回归原文,注重语境和情境,这样即使是面对不认识或不太理解的词语也不会束手无策。
第三、推理判断题———“去伪存真”。这类题目的设置经常使用“What can we infer from the text?”或“What does the passage mainly talk about?”等设问,难点在于可能有多个选项都是正确的,但只有一个最符合题意。解决此类题的关键是“去伪存真,”排除看似正确却不符合题意的选项。
第四、选择标题———“切中主题”。此类题型考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。所选文章题目应能涵盖文章内容,体现主题,即不能“太大”,也不可“太小”或过于片面。
面对阅读理解,我们的目标是相对容易的事实题不丢分,其他题型多拿分。由此可见,良好的心态,严密的思考,适当的方法,必将促进考生阅读成绩的全面提高。
整合
一、 先看题干,带着问题读文章。
阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。
二、 速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。
三、 详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络。作者为文,有脉可循。可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语
四、 逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。
五.细读全文,认真推敲 针对测试题的要求,细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落,要特别留心一些关键信息词,它们既是测试的重点,又是把握全文意思的突破口,因此必须准确判断,仔细斟酌,以便选出最佳答案。
六、 猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是高考中常用的题型。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
七.做出准确的选择
1、选择概括性/哲理性的答案
2、不选择细节性的信息;
八.所选有据,避免主观 阅读他人之作,理解他人之意,必须以作者的思维模式为准绳,以原文提供的事实细节和逻辑关系为基准点,切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点 和看法混为一谈,自以为是。
九.文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点,必须注意隐藏的信息,学会“虚实结合”。
十.符合原文的答案=正确答案≠最佳答案, 阅读题要求选的是最佳答案,有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的,但从全文来看则不是最佳的,因此必须通盘考虑,取主要舍枝节。
1、养成默读习惯,使注意力集中在文字符号上,纠正唇读,心读,喉读等做法,以免分散精力,影响阅读速度。
良好的阅读习惯
2、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯,因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上,使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词,从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子,进行连贯性理解。
笑对高考!
短文改错
规律方法及答题技巧
九个“一致”
攻克
短文改错
九个“一致”
1 . 时态一致
2.主谓一致
3.平行一致
5. 主饰一致
6. 指代一致
7.语态一致
4. 数的一致
9. 逻辑一致
8. 搭配一致
1 . 时态一致
Sometimes we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers at once.
I remembered her words and calm down.
Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.
2.主谓一致
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong…
3.平行一致
Playing football not only makes…but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly.
数的一致
You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the internet.
5. 主饰一致
I would learn a lot of new words from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them.
She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
Yes, a concert can be very excited.
6. 指代一致
And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own.
It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to…
What is more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.
7. 语态一致
Books may be keep for four weeks.
I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.
8. 搭配一致
I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.
But it didn’t matter that I would win or not.
They make their lives by collecting and selling used things.
I have neither brothers nor sisters ---in any other words, I am an only child.
9. 逻辑一致
Unfortunately, I won’t be able to visit you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.
And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.
笑对高考!
解读《考纲》
关于写作
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能:
(1)准确使用语法和词汇;
(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
----摘自《2011英语考试大纲》
书面表达
规律方法及答题技巧
1.改善卷容 (Clean)
卷面整洁与否会直接影响到阅卷老师的情绪,这就需要写作者从平时养成良好的书写习惯,讲究书写规范化,先构思,再下笔,切忌乱擦乱抹。
2.分清层次 (Clear)
首先要分清段落层次,切忌长篇大论一贯到底。文章一般分三到四段,各段功能不一:
【1.】首段引出话题,花费笔墨不多,尽量做到言简意赅。
【2.】主体段落着重介绍事物的不同侧面尤其要注意段落内部的层次性。【3.】尾段为总结性段落,三言两语即可概括:陈述观点,提出措施,表明愿望。
3 .词数足够(Enough)
如果内容不多,为了达到词的限数,应当适当增补相关内容进行扩充,变短句为长句。
4.多用短语 (Expression)
平时说话写文章,单词出现频率最高,若能穿插一些短语,会使文章润色不少。
5 .善用基础词(Basic word)
用自己最熟悉的基础词表达,有些生僻词或长难词一时拿不准的一定要谨慎,否则若出现拼写错误,反而会成为失分点。因此可用变通的方式,用同义词或近义词代替,也可变换句式或用否定词加反义词表达,切不可钻牛角尖。
6 . 巧用关联词(Connective word)
恰当的关联词可以使段与段之间,句与句之间起承转合自然连贯,一气呵成。
7 .慎用高级词汇(Complex sentence)
书面表达中,如果适当使用高级词汇,能充分体现出考生的英语水平,从一个侧面反映出学生对高级词语的掌握程度,文章质量也会得到大幅度的提升。
8.套用复杂句式(Complex sentence)
许多同学担心出错,文章中全是简单句,但是,如果我们能不失时机地套用一些复合句,比如定语从句,倒装句或虚拟语气,写出的文章定会耐人寻味。
9.妙用名言警句(Saying)
在文章开头或结尾恰当引用名言警句,可收到画龙点睛之功效。
备考建议
以提高综合能力为主线,夯实基础为辅线
有钢使在刀刃上 重视读写 淡化语法
读:阅读+完型=70分
写:改错+写作=45分
读+写=115分
笑对高考!