2020-2021学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册随堂检测（8）Unit
3
Learning
about
Language
一、填空
1.He
failed
to
_______?(抓住)
the
opportunity
during
the
job
interview.
2.Some
roads
may
have
to
be
closed
at
peak
times
to
_______
(限制)
the
number
of
visitors.
3.Every
time
I
mention
her,
you
become
very
_______?(敏感的).
4.After
the
failure
of
the
electricity
supply
the
city
was
in
_____?(混乱).
5.We
advocate
peaceful
development,
_____?(和谐的)
development
and
scientific
development.
6.Without
the
______?(改革)
of
the
economic
management
system
our
industry
will
rot.
7.他们似乎已经历了一场毁灭性的地震。
They
seem
______
______
______
a
destructive
earthquake.
8.我发烧了,所以我考虑明天去看医生。
I
have
a
fever,
so
I
consider?______
______
______
the
doctor
tomorrow.
9.我通过听英语歌提高英语水平。
I
improve
my
English
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______.
10.He
_______?(release)
from
prison
after
serving
a
sentence
of
five
years
the
year
before
last.
11.The
problem
that
the
teacher
referred
to
in
his
lecture
was
beyond
my
______?(comprehend).
12.We
must
ensure
that
tourism
develops?_____?harmony
with
the
environment.
13.Robert
is
said
______?(study)
abroad,
but
I
don't
know
which
country
he
studied
in.
14.The
doctor
advised
me
______?(take)
a
complete
rest
so
that
I
could
make
a
complete
recovery.
15.Only
when
each
of
us
realizes
the
importance
of
protecting
the
environment
can
we
have
a
______???(harmony)
earth.
二、
??
As
global
temperatures
rise,
trees
around
the
world
are
experiencing
longer
growing
seasons,
sometimes
as
much
as
three
extra
weeks
a
year.
All
that
time
helps
trees
grow
faster.
For
the
past
100
years,
trees
have
been
experiencing
fast
growth
in
mild
areas
from
Maryland
to
Finland,
to
Central
Europe,
where
the
growth
rate
of
some
trees
has
even
sped
up
by
nearly
77%
since
1870.
Supposing
wood
were
just
as
strong
today,
those
gains
would
mean
more
wood
for
building,
burning,
and
storing
carbon
captured
from
the
atmosphere.
But
is
wood
really
as
dense
(茂密的)
as
it
used
to
be?
???
Hans
Pretzsch,
a
forest
scientist
in
Germany,
and
his
colleagues
wanted
to
find
an
answer.
They
carried
out
a
study
of
the
forests
of
Central
Europe.
They
started
with
small
pieces
of
experimental
land
in
southern
Germany,
some
of
which
have
been
continuously
monitored
since
1870.
Pretzsch
and
his
team
took
core
samples
(样品)
from
the
trees
—
which
included
Norway
spruce,
sessile
oak,
European
beech,
and
Scots
pine
—
and
analyzed
the
tree
rings.
???
They
found
that
in
all
four
species,
wood
density
had
decreased
by
8%
to
12%.
"We
expected
a
trend
of
the
wood
density
like
this,
but
not
such
a
strong
and
significant
decrease,"
Pretzsch
says.
Increasing
temperatures,
and
the
faster
growth
they
spur,
probably
account
for
some
of
the
drop.
Another
factor,
Pretzsch
says,
is
more
nitrogen
in
the
soil
from
agricultural
fertilizer
and
vehicle
exhaust.
Previous
studies
have
linked
increased
fertilizer
use
to
decreased
wood
density.
Above
all,
the
study
suggests
that
the
higher
temperatures
—
combined
with
pollution
from
car
exhaust
and
farms
—
are
making
wood
weaker,
resulting
in
trees
that
break
more
easily
and
wood
that
is
less
durable.
"I
am
getting
worried,"
says
Richard
Houghton,
an
ecologist
at
the
Woods
Hole
Research
Center
in
Massachusetts,
who
was
not
part
of
the
new
study.
As
the
density
of
the
samples
dropped,
so
did
their
carbon
content.
That
means
forests
may
suffer
more
damage
from
storms
and
may
be
less
efficient
at
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
than
scientists
think,
Houghton
says.
1.Paragraph
1
is
written
to
______.
A.
prove
an
idea
B.
introduce
the
topic
C.
give
an
example
D.
describe
a
fact
2.What
does
the
study
show?
A.
Farming
slows
trees'
growth.
B.
More
areas
are
covered
with
forests.
C.
Global
warming
changes
the
quality
of
wood.
D.
Pollution
leads
to
higher
temperatures.
3.What
does
Richard
Houghton
mean?
A.
Great
loss
might
be
caused.
B.
Storm
damage
can
be
prevented.
C.
The
size
of
forests
might
be
increased.
D.
Less
greenhouse
gases
can
be
sent
out.
4.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
We
only
have
one
earth
B.
Trees
——our
best
friends
C.
The
influence
of
climate
change
D.
Trees
are
growing
faster,
but
weaker
三、语法填空
???
Each
area
of
the
environment
is
full
of?①
_____
(differ)
kinds
of
plants,
animals
and
other
organisms
(有机体).?②_____?(stay)
alive,
these
living
things
depend
on
each
other
and
on
non-living
things
in
their
environment
including
water,
sunlight
and
temperature.
A
community
of
living
and
non-living
things?③_____
function
together
creates
an
ecosystem
(生态系统).
???
Plants
get
their
energy
from
the
earth,
water
and
sun.
Animals
get
their
energy
from
eating
plants
and
other
animals.
Each
organism
within
an
ecosystem?④_____?(have)
its
own
role
to
play.
Think
of
the
ecosystem
of
a
mangrove
forest
(红树林).
When
leaves
and
branches
fall
from?⑤_____?(tree)
to
the
land,
they
are
eaten
by
bacteria
in
the
muddy
areas.
Only
bacteria
can
survive
in
this
low-oxygen
environment.
???
As
the
leaves
and
branches
are
broken
down,
they
release
nutrients
for
animals?⑥_____?(live)
in
the
sea.
The
large
mangrove
roots
and
stick-like
plants
protect
the
coastline
and
provide
nesting
places?⑦_____
birds.
They
also
give
shelter
and
food
to
a
large
number
of
young
fish.
???
Anything
that?⑧_____?(involve)
in
an
ecosystem
can
affect
the
balance
of
it.
⑨_____,
other
threats
such
as
invasive
species,
natural
disasters,
temperature
changes
and?⑩_____?(pollute)
can
also
harm
or
destroy
the
system.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：seize
2.答案：restrict
3.答案：sensitive
4.答案：chaos
5.答案：harmonious
6.答案：reform
7.答案：to
have
experienced
8.答案：going
to
see
9.答案：by
listening
to
English
songs
10.答案：was
released
解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：前年他在服刑5年后被释出狱。主语He与release之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态；根据时间状语the
year
before
last判断此处用一般过去时。主语是He，因此填was
released。
11.答案：comprehension
解析：考查名词。句意：我无法理解老师在他的讲座中提到的那个问题。beyond
one's
comprehension某人无法理解。
12.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我们必须确保旅游业的发展与环境相协调。in
harmony
with意思为"与……和谐，与……一致"。
13.答案：to
have
studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据说罗伯特曾经在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。从后面studied所用过去时态可知这一事件早已发生，即study表示的动作发生在is
said之前，所以须用to
have
done形式。
14.答案：to
take
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:医生建议我完全休息以便我能彻底康复。advise
sb.
to
do
sth.意思为"建议某人做某事"。
15.答案：harmonious
解析：考查词性转换。句意：只有当我们每个人都意识到环保的重要性时，我们才能拥有一个和谐的地球。由空格后的名词earth可以判断，此处应该填形容词作定语。
二、
答案：1-4
BCAD
解析：1.根据第一段中的"Supposing
wood
were
just
as
strong
today,
those
gains
would
mean
more
wood
for
building,
burning,
and
storing
carbon
captured
from
the
atmosphere.
But
is
wood
really
as
dense（茂密的）as
it
used
to
be"可知，第一段提出问题，启发读者进行思考，从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
2.根据第三段中的"the
study
suggests
that
the
higher
temperatures——combined
with
pollution
from
car
exhaust
and
farms——are
making
wood
weaker,
resulting
in
trees
that
break
more
easily
and
wood
that
is
less
durable"可知，对森林的研究表明，全球变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3.根据最后一段中的"That
means
forests
may
suffer
more
damage
from
storms
and
may
be
less
efficient
at
absorbing
carbon
dioxide
than
scientists
think"可知，Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低，其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多，树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4.根据第一段中的"As
global
temperatures
rise,
trees
around
the
world
are
experiencing
longer
growing
seasons,
sometimes
as
much
as
three
extra
weeks
a
year.
All
that
time
helps
trees
grow
faster"
和第三段中的"the
study
suggests
that
the
higher
temperatures——combined
with
pollution
from
car
exhaust
and
farms——are
making
wood
weaker,
resulting
in
trees
that
break
more
easily
and
wood
that
is
less
durable"可知，本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长，但同时树木的密度降低，使树木更脆弱。故选D。
三、
答案：①different
②To
stay
③that/which
④has
⑤trees
⑥living
⑦for
⑧is
involved
⑨Besides
⑩pollution
解析：①考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰kinds，表示"不同的"，故应填形容词形式。
②考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故应用动词不定式作目的状语。
③考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词things，并在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
④考查主谓一致和时态。该句是对客观情况的描述，故应用一般现在时；主语为Each
organism，表示单数意义，故应填has。
⑤考查名词复数。句中tree为可数名词，前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。
⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰animals，因live与animals之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词-ing形式。
⑦考查介词。provide
sth.
for
sb.为固定用法，意为"为某人提供某物"。
⑧考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句为含有定语从句的复合句，关系词that在定语从句中作主语，先行词为Anything，因此谓语动词用单数形式；此处陈述的是客观情况，要用一般现在时；that指代先行词Anything，与动词involve之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。
⑨考查副词。根据空前的"can
affect
the
balance
of
it"以及本句中的"can
also
harm
or
destroy
the
system"可知，这里表示递进，故填Besides。
⑩考查词形转换。根据and前面的部分可知，此处应用pollute的名词形式pollution。2020-2021学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册随堂检测（9）Unit
3
Using
Language&Assessing
Your
Progress
一、填空
1.The
project
will
contribute
to
_______________(develop)
the
economy
and
reducing
poverty
when
it
is
completed.
2.It
is
my
pleasure
to
answer
the
questions
_______________(regard)
the
American
Civil
War.
3.At
first
he
refused
to
admit
his
mistake,
but
he
ended
up
_______________(apologize)
to
us.
4.In
history,
Chinese
civilization
originated
_______________
Henan,
the
beautiful
and
abundant
land.
5.The
drunken
driver
was
brought
to
the
police
station
for
breaking
traffic
_______________(regulate).
6.She
_______?(fine)
$300
and
banned
from
driving
for
one
month.
7.Human
beings
have
limited
______
(tolerate)
to
noise.
8.He
explained
this
______?(regulate)
to
me
word
for
word.
9.With
Mr.
Smith
______?(teach)
me,
I
am
sure
that
I
can
make
great
progress.
10._______
is
believed
that
there
is
life
in
outer
space.
11.These
agreements
have
an
effect
_______?the
buyer
and
the
seller.
12.随着暑假的临近，似乎每个人都在忙着做假期计划。（with复合结构）
____________________________________________________________________________
13.既然你已经表达了你的决心，你就应该立即采取行动。（now
that)
____________________________________________________________________________
14.当你受邀到朋友家里做客时，请尽量表现得体。
(状语从句的省略）
____________________________________________________________________________
15.真正的友谊犹如健康，非要到失去时才知其可贵。
(名词+介词+关系代词）
____________________________________________________________________________
二、阅读理解
??
Tiny
microbes
(微生物)
are
at
the
heart
of
a
new
agricultural
technique
to
manage
harmful
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Scientists
have
discovered
that
microbes
can
be
used
to
turn
carbon
dioxide
into
soil-enriching
limestone
(石灰岩)
with
the
help
of
a
type
of
tree
that
grows
in
tropical
areas,
such
as
West
Africa.
???
Researchers
have
found
that
when
the
iroko
tree
is
grown
in
dry,
acidic
soil
and
treated
with
a
combination
of
natural
fungi(霉菌)
and
other
bacteria,
not
only
does
the
tree
grow
well,
it
also
produces
mineral
limestone
in
the
soil
around
its
roots.
???
The
iroko
tree
makes
a
mineral
by
combining
calcium
from
the
earth
with
carbon
dioxide
from
the
atmosphere.
Bacteria
then
create
the
conditions
under
which
this
mineral
turns
into
limestone.
The
discovery
offers
a
new
way
to
lock
carbon
dioxide
into
the
soil,
keeping
it
out
of
the
atmosphere.
In
addition
to
storing
carbon
dioxide
in
the
trees'
leaves
and
in
the
form
of
limestone,
the
mineral
in
the
soil
makes
it
more
suitable
for
agriculture.
???
The
discovery
could
lead
to
reforestation
projects
in
tropical
countries,
and
help
reduce
carbon
dioxide
emissions
in
the
atmosphere
in
the
developing
world.
It
has
already
been
used
in
West
Africa
and
is
being
tested
in
Bolivia,
Haiti
and
India.
???
The
findings
were
made
in
a
three-year
project
involving
researchers
from
the
University
of
Edinburgh,
the
University
of
Lausanne,
Universidad
de
Granada
and
Delft
University
of
Technology.
???
The
project
examined
several
microbiological
methods
for
locking
carbon
dioxide
as
limestone,
and
the
iroko-bacteria
way
showed
the
best
results.
Work
was
funded
by
the
European
Commission
under
the
Future
&
Emerging
Technologies
(FET)
scheme.
Dr
Bryne
Ngwenya
of
the
University
of
Edinburgh's
School
of
Geosciences,
who
led
the
research,
said,
"By
taking
advantage
of
this
natural
limestone-producing
process,
we
have
a
low-tech,
safe
and
easily
operating
way
to
lock
carbon
dioxide
out
of
the
atmosphere,
while
improving
farming
conditions
in
tropical
countries."
1.The
passage
mainly
introduces
______.
A.
some
useful
natural
fungi
and
bacteria
B.
a
new
way
to
deal
with
greenhouse
gas
emissions
C.
a
newly
found
tree
in
West
Africa
D.
the
soil-enriching
limestone
created
by
scientists
2.Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
tiny
microbes?
A.
Most
tiny
microbes
like
living
in
dry,
acidic
soil.
B.
Carbon
dioxide
can
be
broken
down
by
natural
fungi
and
bacteria.
C.
The
more
greenhouse
gas
is,
the
more
active
tiny
microbes
become.
D.
Tiny
microbes
get
along
well
with
the
iroko
tree
in
special
soil.
3.What
does
the
underlined
word
"it"
in
Paragraph
3
probably
refer
to?
A.
Carbon
dioxide.
B.
Carbon.
C.
Soil.
D.
Limestone.
4.According
to
the
passage,
what
can
we
infer?
A.
The
action
of
the
tiny
microbes
can
increase
the
oxygen
in
the
earth.
B.
Researchers
have
done
the
experiment
on
trees
in
Africa
for
three
years.
C.
Researchers
tend
to
use
natural
power
to
solve
their
problems.
D.
West
Africa
is
one
of
the
most
polluted
areas
all
over
the
world.
5.According
to
the
passage,
the
iroko-bacteria
method
________.
A.
can
be
used
to
improve
the
farming
land
B.
can
save
a
lot
of
seriously
destroyed
woods
C.
has
been
popularized
in
Bolivia,
Haiti
and
India
D.
should
be
spread
all
around
the
world
in
the
future
三、语法填空
???
The
beautiful
Li
River
attracts
millions
of
domestic
and
foreign
visitors
each
year.
However,
it
suffered
serious
water
pollution
with
more
household
and
commercial
waste?①
_____?(end)
up
in
the
river.
Local
officials
were?②_____?(concern)
that
the
pollution
was
damaging
the
natural
environment.
They
took
a
number
of
measures??③
_____
addressed
the
issue.
The
construction
of
waste
water
treatment?④_____
(facility)
improved
the
water
quality
and
water
conservation.
The
collection
and
transport
of
household
waste?⑤_____
(be)
also
improved.
Dozens
of
polluting
enterprises
were
closed?⑥_____
moved.
The
local
government
set
up
strict
regulations
regarding
further
industrial?⑦_____
(develop).
New
rules
were
also
introduced
regarding
tour
boat
routes
and
garbage
disposal
methods.
Furthermore,
the
local
authorities
began
to
use
the
media?⑧_____?(spread)
environmental
awareness
and
encourage
greater
use
of
clean
energy.
At
the
same
time,
they
started
to
carry
out
inspections?⑨_____?(regular)
and
fine
tourist
organisations
for
abuses.?⑩_____
these
measures,
it
is
believed
that
the
beauty
of
the
Li
River
will
be
preserved
for
generations
to
come.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：developing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:该项目建成后将促进经济发展、减少贫困。contribute
to
doing
sth."促成/造成做某事",to为介词。
2.答案：regarding
解析：考查介词。句意:我很乐意来解答关于美国内战的问题。分析句子结构可知,
"________(regard)the
American
Civil
War"作定语修饰questions,故填regarding,意为"关于"。
3.答案：apologizing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:起初他拒绝承认错误,但最后还是向我们道歉了。end
up
doing
sth.意为"最终做某事"。
4.答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意:历史上,中华文明起源于河南这片美丽富饶的土地。originate
in是常用搭配,意为"起源于……",in后通常是地点。
5.答案：regulations
解析：考查词形转换。句意:那个喝醉的司机因违反交通法规被带到了警察局。根据句意可知,此处应用名词。regulation是可数名词,其前没有限定词,故用复数形式。
6.答案：was
fined
解析：考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：她被罚款300美元，并被禁止驾驶1个月。fine在此处是动词，意思为"罚款"，此处表示"她"被罚款，所以用被动语态。由语境可知应用一般过去时；主语是She，故填was
fined。
7.答案：tolerance
解析：考查名词。句意：人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。limited是形容词，所以空格处填名词；表示"忍耐力"，用名词tolerance。
8.答案：regulation
解析：考查名词。句意：他逐字逐句地给我解释这项条例。this是指示代词，后面应该接名词，explain是动词，后面应该用名词作宾语，因此该空填名词形式。
9.答案：teaching
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：有史密斯先生教我，我肯定我能取得很大进步。在with的复合结构中，分词的形式应该根据其与with后面的宾语的关系来判断，如果是主动关系就用现在分词，如果是被动关系就用过去分词。此处teach与Mr.
Smith之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。
10.答案：It
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：人们相信地球外的空间有生命。It在此处作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
11.答案：on
解析：考查介词。句意：这些协议对买卖双方都有影响，have
an
effect
on对……有影响。
12.答案：With
the
summer
holidays
approaching
it
seems
that
everybody
is
busy
making
holiday
plans.
解析：此处是with复合结构在句中作时间状语。approach与summer
holidays之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式作宾补。
13.答案：Now
that
you
have
expressed
your
determination
you
should
take
action
immediately.
解析：此处考查now
that引导原因状语从句,now
that意为"既然,由于"。
14.答案：Please
try
to
behave
yourself/be
on
your
best
behaviour
when
invited
to
a
friend's
home.
解析：当主句和从句的主语相同,且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时,从句的主语和be动词可以省略。因此处表示"被邀请",故应用"连词+过去分词"。behave
oneself"表现得体";be
on
your
best
behaviour"尽量表现得体"。
15.答案：True
friendship
is
like
sound
health,
the
value
of
which
is
seldom
realized
until
it
is
lost.
解析：根据句意和提示信息可知,此处应用"名词+介词+关系代词"引导定语从句,故用the
value
of
which引导定语从句。
二、
答案：1-5
BDCCA
解析：1.
主旨大意题。根据第一段首句可知，微生物是处理有害温室气体的农业新技术的核心，本文介绍的就是利用这种新技术处理温室气体的方法，故B项正确。
2.
推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，当伊罗科树生长在干燥、酸性的土壤中并经过天然真菌和其他细菌的组合处理后，它不仅生长良好，还会在根部周围的土壤中产生矿物质石灰岩。由此可知，在某种特殊的土壤中，伊罗科树能够和微生物相处得很好，故D项正确。
3.
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句In
addition
to
storing
carbon
dioxide
in
the
trees'
leaves
and
in
the
form
of
limestone,
the
mineral
in
the
soil
makes
it
more
suitable
for
agriculture.可知，除了在树叶中和以石灰岩的形式储存二氧化碳外，土壤中的矿物质使土壤更适合农业生产。由此可知，it指代的就是前面提到的"土壤"，故C项正确。
4.
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The
project
examined
several
microbiological
methods
for
locking
carbon
dioxide
as
limestone,
and
the
iroko-bacteria
way
showed
the
best
results.可知，该项目研究了多种将二氧化碳锁定为石灰岩的微生物方法，其中伊罗科树与细菌结合的方法效果最好。再结合最后一段内容可知，研究人员倾向于使用自然力量来解决温室气体的问题，故C项正确。
5.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中Dr
Bryne
Ngwenya的话可知，通过利用这种天然的石灰岩生产过程，"我们"有了一种不涉及高科技的、安全的、易于操作的方法来阻止二氧化碳进入大气，同时改善热带国家的农业条件。由此可知，这种方法能够用于改善耕地，故A项正确，D项干扰性较强，但文中并未提及这种技术将来应被普及到全世界，故该项不入选。
三、
答案：①ending
②concerned
③that/which
④facilities
⑤was
⑥or
⑦development
⑧to
spread
⑨regularly
⑩With
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，由于更多的家庭和商业废物最终进入河中，它遭受了严重的水污染。此处名词waste与end是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作with复合结构中的宾补。
②考查形容词。句意：当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境。be
concerned
that担心……。
③考查定语从句。句意：他们采取了解决这个问题的许多措施。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，修饰measures，故用that或which。
④考查名词的数。句意：污水处理设施的建设改善了水质，节约了用水。facility是可数名词，其前没有限定词，再根据句意可知应该用复数形式。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。句意：生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。由语境可知用一般过去时；句子的主语中心词是The
collection
and
transport，意思是"收集和运输"，看作一个整体，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
⑥考查连词。句意：许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁。or表示选择关系，意思是"或者"。
⑦考查名词。句意：当地政府制定了关于进一步发展工业的严格规定。industrial是形容词，所以空格处用名词development，表示"发展"。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，地方当局开始利用媒体传播环保意识，并鼓励（人们）更多地使用清洁能源。use
sth.
to
do
sth.用某物做某事。
⑨考查副词。句意：同时，他们开始定期检查……。此空修饰动词短语carry
out，因此用副词。
⑩考查介词。句意：有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美将会被保存下来，留给未来的世世代代。With在此处意思为"有，拥有"。2020-2021学年高二英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第三册随堂检测（7）Unit
3
Reading
and
Thinking
一、填空
1.The
expedition
is
said
____________(reach)
the
South
Pole,
which
is
a
massive
hit.
2.The
swimming
pool
is
open
to
families
in
the
neighborhood
without
____________(restrict).
3.He
devoted
himself
to
the
research
and
____________(frequent)
went
to
the
library
to
refer
to
the
related
information
in
his
spare
time.
4.The
aim
of
____________(sustain)
development
is
to
balance
our
economic,
environmental
and
social
needs.
5.The
speech
made
by
the
expert
will
be
______?(播送)
nationwide.
6.At
the
fashion
show,
the
designer
mentioned
the
current
______?(趋势)
is
toward
less
formal
clothing.
7.After
my
examination
I
had
a
feeling
of
______
(解脱).
8.The
country
has
always
pursued
a
_____?(政策)
of
peace
to
deal
with
international
affairs.
9.At
that
time
people
would
______?(挨饿)
if
food
was
difficult
to
find,
especially
during
the
cold
months
of
winter.
10.西方的节日对中国的文化有影响吗?
Does
Western
festivals
______
______
______
______
Chinese
culture?
11.毫无疑问,好事情会来的,当它来的时候,会是一个惊喜。
______
______
______
______
______?the
good
thing
will
come,
and
when
it
comes,
it
will
be
a
surprise.
12.全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越温暖。
People
around
the
world
may
feel
that
the
climate
has
been
______
______
______
______?in
recent
years.
13.作为中国的首都，北京不仅有着悠久的历史，而且是一个现代化的城市。（not
only.
..
but
also...)
_________________________________________________________________
14.昨晚被邀请参加你的生日聚会的客人都是谁啊？
(非谓语动词作定语）
_________________________________________________________________
15.毋庸置疑，汽车排放物已经成为一个大问题，尤其是在城市。（doubt)
__________________________
car
emissions
have
become
a
big
problem,
especially
in
cities.
二、阅读理解
??
World
Environment
Day
is
celebrated
annually
on
June
5th
and
was
created
to
inspire
people
around
the
globe
to
take
an
active
part
in
environmental
protection
and
learn
more
about
ways
we
can
help
to
guarantee
the
future
of
our
planet
is
safe.
???
The
very
first
World
Environment
Day
took
place
in
1974,
established
by
the
United
Nations
General
Assembly
on
the
first
day
of
the
Stockholm
Conference
on
the
human
environment
that
took
place
in
1972.
Each
year
the
United
Nations
picks
a
theme
and
a
host
city
where
anyone
who
is
concerned
about
the
environment
can
talk
about
environmental
topics
with
others,
followed
by
different
kinds
of
exhibits
to
promote
environmental
awareness.
Environmentalists,
academics
and
scientists
come
together
to
bring
new
ideas
on
the
table
concerning
the
environment.
???
The
latest
World
Environment
Day
was
hosted
by
India,
and
the
theme
was
Beat
Plastic
Pollution.
It
urged
people
to
explore
and
choose
alternatives
like
paper
or
cloth
bags
to
reduce
the
production
and
use
of
disposable
plastic,
which
makes
up
10%
of
all
of
the
waste.
Even
though
the
United
Nations
picks
a
specific
host
city
every
year,
people
around
the
world
still
celebrate
World
Environment
Day
in
their
hometowns
with
parades
(游行),
concerts,
cleaning
,tree
planting
and
all
kinds
of
green
actions
to
work
towards
having
a
beautiful
planet
and
battling
pollution.
World
Environment
Day
is
not
a
public
holiday,
so
you
won't
be
getting
the
day
off
work
or
school,
but
if
you
want
to
celebrate,
why
not
bring
it
to
the
attention
of
your
parents,
friends,
colleagues
or
classmates?
World
Environment
Day
is
all
about
working
together
to
take
action
for
the
planet,
so
try
to
get
everyone
you
know
interested
in
helping
do
something.
Things
as
small
as
making
sure
people
have
a
way
to
recycle
can
make
a
difference.
You
could
also
try
beautifying
your
neighborhood
by
planting
gardens,
learning
about
green
foods,
raising
money
for
a
local
wildlife
conservation
group
or
simply
learning
about
the
effects
of
different
products
on
the
earth.
1.Why
was
World
Environment
Day
set
up?
A.
To
make
people
know
more
about
nature.
B.
To
ask
people
to
help
to
protect
the
globe.
C.
To
warn
people
of
the
danger
of
air
pollution.
D.
To
encourage
people
to
plan
for
the
earth's
future.
2.What
do
people
do
on
World
Environment
Day?
A.
Decide
a
host
city.
B.
Hold
a
theme
party.
C.
Discuss
environmental
ideas.
D.
Show
some
plastic
products.
3.Which
of
the
following
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
"disposable"
in
Paragraph
3?
A.
High-cost.
B.
Poor-quality.
C.
Second-hand.
D.
Single-use.
4.What's
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Every
bit
of
effort
counts.
B.
Doing
is
better
than
saying.
C.
Many
hands
make
light
work.
D.
Nothing
is
impossible
to
a
willing
heart.
三、语法填空
???
There
is
little
doubt
that
Earth
①
_____
(get)
warmer
and
warmer.
The
"man-made"
greenhouse
effect
has
contributed
to
the
climate
change.
???
There
is
strong
and
comprehensive
evidence
that
the
rise
in
temperature
has
led
to?②_____
increase
in
extreme
weather
and
natural?③_____?(disaster)
worldwide,
not
only
causing
serious
damage,
but
also
costing
human
lives.
Climate
scientists
have
warned
that?④_____
we
do
not
take
appropriate
actions,
this
warming
trend
will?⑤_____?(probable)
continue
and
there
will
be
a
higher
price
to
pay.
???
Continued
greenhouse
gas
emissions
will
result?⑥_____
further
warming
and
long-lasting
changes
to
the
global
climate,?⑦_____
requires
the
attention
of
people
all
over
the
world.
Governments
need
to
consider
making
policies
and
taking
appropriate
actions
and
measures?⑧_____
(reduce)
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
???
We
as
individuals
can
also
reduce
our
"carbon
footprint"
by?⑨_____?(restrict)
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
our
lifestyles
produce.
It
is
our?⑩_____
(responsible)
to
seize
every
opportunity
to
educate
everyone
about
global
warming,
along
with
its
causes
and
impacts,
because
this
is
the
most
serious
issue
affecting
all
of
us
on
this
planet.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：to
have
reached
解析：考查不定式的完成式。句意:据说探险队已到达南极,这是一个巨大的成功。be
said
to
do
sth."据说做某事";根据句意可知,reach表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生,要用不定式的完成式,故填to
have
reached。
2.答案：restriction
解析：考查名词。句意:这个游泳池对社区的所有家庭开放,不受限制。根据句意以及分析句子结构可知,空处位于介词without后,应用名词形式,restriction意为"限制,约束"。
3.答案：frequently
解析：考查副词。句意:他致力于这项研究,经常在空余时间去图书馆查阅相关资料。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词went，故用副词形式。
4.答案：sustainable
解析：考查形容词。句意:可持续发展的目标是平衡我们的经济、环境和社会需要。空处修饰名词development,应用形容词形式。sustainable意为"可持续的"。
5.答案：broadcast
6.答案：trend
7.答案：release
8.答案：policy
9.答案：starve
10.答案：have
an
impact/effect
on
11.答案：There
is
no
doubt
that
12.答案：getting
warmer
and
warmer
13.答案：As
the
capital
of
China,
Beijing
not
only
has
a
long
history,
but
it
is
also
a
modern
city.
解析：
not
only..but
also...表示"不仅……而且……",可以连接两个分句。
14.答案：Who
were
the
guests
invited
to
attend
your
birthday
party
last
night?
解析：根据句意可知,the
guests与动词invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词作后置定语。
15.答案：There
is
no
doubt
that
解析：根据提示可知此处应用There
is
no
doubt
that...句式。
二、
答案：1-4
BCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的World
Environment
Day...was
created
to
inspire...可知，设立世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并了解多种方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。
2.
细节理解题。根据第二段中的where
anyone
who
is
concerned
about
the
environment
can
talk
about
environmental
topics
with
others以及第二段最后一句可知，在世界环境日这一天人们主要讨论环境问题。C项符合题意，故选C。
3.
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Beat
Plastic
Pollution及现实情况可知，文中提到的最近一个世界环境日即2018年世界环境日的主题是"塑战速决"，再结合画线词前面的It
urged
people
to
explore
and
choose
alternatives
like
paper
or
cloth
bags和画线词后面的which
makes
up
10%
of
all
of
the
waste可知，disposable
plastic（一次性塑料）造成大量资源浪费，所以D项"供一次使用的"符合语境，故选D。
4.
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它呢？后面又列举了一些可以起作用的小事，所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边的小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A。
三、
答案：①is
getting
②an
③disasters
④if
⑤probably
⑥in
⑦which
⑧to
reduce
⑨restricting
⑩responsibility
解析：①考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：几乎没有疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是Earth，故填is
getting。
②考查冠词。句意：有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加……。此处表泛指，用不定冠词；increase以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。
③考查名词的数。disaster表示"灾难"时为可数名词，空前无代词、冠词，故用复数。natural
disasters自然灾害。
④考查条件状语从句。句意：气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去，（人们）将付出更高的代价。if引导条件状语从句，表示"如果"。
⑤考查副词。修饰动词continue，应该用副词形式。
⑥考查介词。句意：持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化……。result
in导致。
⑦考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指前边的整件事，故用which。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：（各国）政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
⑨考查动名词。句意：作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的"碳足迹"，by
doing
sth.意思为"通过做某事"。
⑩考查词性转换。句意：我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人，因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。由形容词性物主代词our可以判断，此空填名词，表示"责任"，故用responsibility。
