中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
12
Save
our
world
模块小结
要点1
pollution
pollution的用法
pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染”。其动词形式为pollute。
【拓展】
与pollution相关的短语
【典例分析】
1.
There
is
less
____________(pollute)
in
Suzhou
than
in
other
cities
in
China.
2.
The
local
people
had
to
move
away
because
the
environment
is
seriously
____________(pollute).
3.This
river
is
dirty
because
it
is
________
by
the
water
from
that
chemistry
factory.
A.
reduced?
?
?
?
?B.
polluted?????
C.
included?
?
?
?
?
D.
created
4.
Sleeping
with
lights
on
is
a .
You’d
better
make
sure
all
the
lights
are
off
before
you
go
to
bed.
A.
pollution
B.
action
C.
waste
D.
collection
要点2
It’s
no
use
doing
sth是固定句式,
意为“做某事是没有用的”该句型中的“doing
sth”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。“It’s
no
use
doing
sth”相当于“There
is
no
use
doing
sth”
“It’s
useless
doing/to
do
sth.”或
“It’s
of
no
use
doing/
to
do
sth.”
【拓展】
It’s
fun
doing
sth.
做某事很有趣
It
is
no
good
doing
sth.
做某事不好
/
没用
/
不行
It’s
a
waste
of
time
/
money
doing
sth.
做某事是白费时间
/
金钱
【典例分析】
1.光说不做是没有用的。
It
________
________
________talking
without?doing.
2.跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。
It
_______
________
________talking
to
him
because
he
never
listens.
3.在她目前的心情下，找她谈是白费时间。
It’s_________
_______
______
_________
trying
to
talk
to
her
when
she’s
in
this
mood.
4.打高尔夫球很有意思
It’s_______
________
playing
golf.
4.
There
is
no
use
staying
at
home.
(同义句改写)
【答案】It’s
no
use
staying
at
home.
5.It’s
no
use
them
about
it.?
A.
tell
B.to
tell
C.
telling
D.
tells
6.It
is
no
____
arguing
with
Bill
because
he
will
never
change
his
mind.
A.
way
B.
help
C.
time
D.
use
要点3
hopeless
adj.
无望的；无可救药的
They
feel?hopeless?about
their
future.??他们感到前途无望。
【知识链接】
-less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。
homeless
无家可归的
helpless
无助的
useless
没用的
nameless
莫名的
voiceless
无声的
endless
无尽的
colorless
暗淡的
【典例分析】
1.
Jack
failed
the
maths
exam
again.
He
felt
________
and
wanted
to
give
up.
A.
helpful?
?
?
??
?
B.
successful?????
C.
careless?
?
??
?
D.
hopeless
2.
He
failed
his
job
interview
again,
and
he
felt
really
________
(
with
no
hope)
about
the
future.?
3.We
tried
to
stop
the
fire
from
spreading，but
we
knew
it
was
．（help）
要点4
waste做名词，意为“浪费”，为不可数名词。a
waste
of
time
/
money
/
energy是固定词组，意为“浪费时间
/
金钱
/
精力”。
waste做名词时还可表示“废弃物”，为不可数名词。
waste可作动词，意为“浪费”。waste
time
/
money
(in)doing
/
on
sth.
表示“在做某事上浪费时间
/
金钱”。
It’s
a
waste
of
money
to
buy
things
you
don’t
need.
购买你不需要的东西是浪费金钱。
【典例分析】
1.
After
dinner
Mum
asked
me
to
throw
the
_______
in
the
bowls
in
the
bag
on
the
ground.?
A.
fly???
?????
B.
waste?
C.
sand?????
??????
D.
scarf
2.We
all
need
a
healthy
environment,
but
we
produce
every
day
and
it
is
harmful
to
our
environment.?
A.
dreams
B.
trouble
C.
problems
D.
waste
3.
妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Mum
thinks
it
__________
__________
__________
__________
to
play
computer
games.
4.
这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。
The
river
was
___________
__________
__________
__________
from
the
factory
要点5
be
a
danger
to
sb/sth
对某人/某物有危害
danger本文用作可数名词,
表示具体的“危害”。当danger
表示抽象的“危险、风险”时,
是不可数名词,
be
in
danger“处于险境之中”。
拓展：
be
in
danger
of
有……的危险
be
out
of
danger
脱离危险
要点6注意try
,
mean接不定式和Ving
的区别
mean意为“意味着,
意思是”时,
后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句;
mean
doing
sth
意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)……
mean意为“打算,
意图”时,
后常跟动词不定式。
mean
to
do
sth
打算/意欲做……
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth
意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。
try
to
do
sth
意为“尽力做某事”(但不一定成功)。
try
doing
sth
意为“试着做某事”
要点7
divide
v.
意为“分开;
分隔”。
divide…into…意为“把……分成……”。
divided
up
分配
辨析：divide与separate
divide
指把一个整体分成几个部分,
常与into搭配。
separate
指把两个人或物分离开,
常与from搭配。
【典例分析】
1.In
English
class
yesterday,
the
students
________
into
five
groups
to
finish
the
task.
A.
divided????
???????
???
B.
were
divided??
C.
divide???????
????
???
D.
are
divided
2.There
are
four
people
in
my
family
so
I
________
the
cake
________
four
pieces.
A.
put;
up?
?
?
?
??
?B.
bring;
in???????
C.
cut;
out?
?
?
??
D.
divide;
into
3.那个苹果刚才被分成了相等的两份。
The
apple
__________
__________
__________
two
halves
just
now
要点8
do
with意为“处理”,
常与疑问词what连用。
do
with
还可以表示“与……有关；”与……相处。
辨析：do
with
与deal
with
do
with
处理;
对付;
应付
常与what连用
侧重于对某事物的利用或处置
deal
with
常与how连用
强调处理问题的方式、办法
【典例分析】
1.It
took
me
almost
a
whole
day
to
so
many
emails.?
A.do
with
B.
cut
in
C.
cheer
for
D.
run
out
2.
Jane
is
very
busy
these
days，for
she
has
a
lot
of
problems
to
_____.
A.
deal
with
B.
keep
up
with
C.
agree
with
D.
come
up
with
3.—What
are
you
going
to
________
the
bed?
—I
have
promised
Mr.
White
to
send
it
to
him.
A.
look
into????
????????
B.
think
of??????
C.
do
with???????
????????????
D.
search
for
要点9
harmful
adj.
表示“有害的”,
其反义词是harmless
（无害的）。
harm
n.
&
v.（伤害;
害处）。
1.
be
harmful
to意为“对……有害处”,
相当于be
bad
for,
其反义短语是be
good
for,
其近义短语是do
harm
to（对……造成伤害）。
2.It’s
harmful
to
do
sth
做某事是有害的。
拓展：
do
sb/sth
harm
=
do
harm
to
sb/sth
伤害某人/某物
【典例分析】
1.
Smoking
is
________
to
you.
A.
harm
B.
harmful
C.
harms
D.
harmless
2.
It
is
_____
to
your
health
to
drink
too
much.??
A.
hopeless
B.
hopeful
C.
harmless
D.
harmful
3.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
Watching
too
much
do
_______
_________your
eyes.
4.被污染的水对鱼类有害。
Polluted
water
is
fish.
要点10
be
good
for
对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
反义短语：
be
bad
for
对……有害
拓展:
①
be
good
at
意为“擅长”。
同义短语：do
well
in
②
be
good
to
意为“对……友好”
③
be
good
with意为“善于应付……的”。
【典例分析】
1.
This
kind
of
food
will
be
______you,
and
if
you
keep
on
eating
it,
you
will
be
healthier.
A.
good
to
B.
good
at
C.
good
for
D.
good
with
要点11
clothes,
cloth,
clothing
?
clothes
统指各种衣服，谓语动词是复数；
cloth指布，为不可数名词；
clothing是集合名词，为衣服、服装的总称，用于单数形式。
Our
clothing
protects
us
against
the
cold.
我们的衣服用以御寒。
【典例分析】
1.This
kind
of
________
feels
very
comfortable
and
it
is
used
for
making
blouses.
A.
job?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.
book
C.
paper?
?
?
?
??D.
cloth
2.用clothes,
cloth,
clothing
填空
We’re
collecting
food
and
_________
for
the
poor.
She
has
a
lot
of
________
in
her
bedroom.
She
bought
some
_________
to
make
herself
a
dress.
要点12
throw
away
意为“扔掉”，其中away是副词。注意宾语it在throw和away中间。如
【拓展】
由throw构成的短语：
①
throw
at
sb.
朝某人扔；
②
throw
down
扔下；推翻；
3
throw
off
摆脱；除去；
④
throw
oneself
into
投身于；
⑤
throw
over
舍弃；放弃
【典例分析】
1.Don't
________
the
rubbish
everywhere.
It's
bad
for
the
environment.
A.
find
out?
?
?
?
B.
point
out??????
C.
take
away?
?
?
?
D.
throw
away
2.
Don't
________
the
books.
We
can
use
it
again.
A.
find
out???
???????
????
B.
pick
up???
????
C.
write
down???
??????D.
throw
away
3.The
old
clothes
can
be
reused.
It's to .?
A.
waste;
throw
them
away
B.
wasteful;
throw
them
away
C.
waste;
throw
away
them
D.
wasteful;
throw
away
them
要点13
1.
对……有危险
2.做某事是没用的
3.
节约能源
4.
关灯
5.
找某人，求见某人
6处理
7.
把…分成…
8.
扔掉
9.
对某人/某物有害
10.把......变成......
11.
大量的，许多的
12.
作出改变
13.
期待/盼望某事
14.
采取措施做某事
15.尽某人最大努力做某事
16.
打扫，清理
17.
解决，解答
18.照顾，照料
19.注意
1.合成构词法
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,
这种构词法叫合成构词法。合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成形容词很常见,
多数用作定语,
有些作表语;
合成名词作主语或宾语;
合成动词用作谓语。
合成名词
classroom（名词+名词)?????????blackboard（形容词+名词）handwriting（名词+动名词)?????afternoon（介词+名词）
合成形容词
worldwide（名词+形容词)????
man-made（名词+过去分词）good-looking（形容词+现在分词）
合成动词
overcome（副词+动词)???download（副词+动词）
合成数词
fifty-four（数词+数词）
合成代词
somebody（不定代词+名词)????anything?（不定代词+名词）myself?（物主代词+名词）
合成副词
downstairs（介词+名词）whole-heartedly?（形容词+副词）
2.
派生构词法
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,
这种构词法叫派生构词法。由此构成的新单词成派生词,
加前缀或后缀的单词叫词根。词根是基础,
同一个词根加上不同的词缀可以组成不同意义或不同性质的词。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,
加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。前缀多改变词义,
后缀多改变词性。
前缀
例词
en-(使)
enable,
enrich
un-（不,
非;
表示否定）
unfriendly,
?unpleasant,
?uncomfortable,
unlikeunusual,
unhappy
dis-（不,
非;
表示否定）
disadvantage,
?dishonest,
?disagree,
dislike
in-（不,
非）
incorrect,
?informal
im-(不,
非)
impossible,
impolite
re-(又,
再,
重来)
review,?rewrite
后缀
例词
-or/-er/-ian(……人,
名词后缀)
actor,
?visitor,
?singer,
?Australian
-ful(充满的……,
形容词后缀)
successful,
?beautiful,
?colourful,
?wonderful
-tion(表示动作、状态,
名词后缀)
invitation,
?population,
?prediction
-less(没有、无,
形容词后缀)
homeless,
?helpless,
careless
-y(表示性质,
形容词后缀)
funny,
?healthy,
?cloudy,
?windy
-al(……的,
形容词后缀)
traditional,
?national,
?natural
-able(有……特性的,
形容词后缀)??
comfortable,
?unforgettable
-ness(状态、性质,
名词后缀)???
illness,
happiness
-ly（以某种方式,
副词后缀）
quickly,
?happily,
?slowly
3.
转化构词法
一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性,
这种构词法叫转化构词法。单词的形式没有变,
只是词性和意思有变化。
1.名词转化为动词:
show
n.
展览,
展示→
show
v.
表演，展出
book
n.
书→
book
v.
预定
2.形容词转化为动词:
slow
adj.
慢的→
slow
v.
使放慢
3.动词转化为名词:
walk
v.
步行→
walk
n.
步行
swim
v.
游泳→
swim
n.
游泳
【典例分析】
一、?将A中的单词和B中的单词配对，组成五个合成词。
A:
super,?
world,?
house,?
over,?
good
B:
looking,?
do,?
market,?
wife,?
famous
____________________________________________________________________________
二、词型转换
(A)根据构词法写出下列单词的反义词。
1．healthy
________
2.careful
________
3．possible
________
4.true
________
5．comfortable________
6.usual________
7．happy________
8.helpless________
(B)写出下列单词的形容词形式。
1．friend
________
2.worry
________
3．waste________
4.harm
________
5．use________
6.health
________
7．environment
________
8.pollute________
(C)写出下列单词的名词形式。
1．collect________
2.visit________
3．teach________
4.sick________
5．happy________
6.safe________
7．honest________
8.lonely________
三、?根据语境用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
It’s
__________(usual)
for
a
four-year-old
boy
to
write
poems
so
well.??
2.
Mary
got
hurt
in
P.E.
class.
We
sent
her
to
the
hospital__________(quick).?
3.
As
a
volunteer,
it’s
the
________(six)
time
for
him
to
help
the
kids
in?Africa.?
4.
Lao
She
was
a
great__________
(write)
and
he’s
especially
famous
for
his
play,?Teahouse.
5.
Many
people
enjoy
reading
e-books,
but
I
__________
(like)
it
as
it’s
bad
for
the
eyes.
6.
How
____________
(care)
you
are!
You’ve
knocked
the
cup
off
the
table
again!
7.
Which
team
do
you
think
will
be
the
_____________
(win)
of
the
20th
FIFA
World
Cup?
8.
Nick
went
home
quite
late
and
his
mother
looked
at
him
_____________
(happy).
9.
Joan
was
happy
because
she
was
given
some
____________
(use)
gifts
last
week.
10.
Li
Na
is
a
famous
tennis
____________
(play).
11.
He
can’t
even
move
because
of
his
_______________
(ill).
12.
Some
wild
animals
may__________(appear)forever
if
we
don’t
stop
hunting
them.
13.
It
often
rains__________(heavy)in
this
season
every
year.
14.
Nanjing
looks
much
more
beautiful
on__________(snow)
days.
15.
Larry
has
put
on
too
much
weight
because
of
his_________(healthy)
diet.
16.
It’s
cool
and_________(sun)
in
autumn
in
our
home
town.
17.
The
plane
landed_________(safe)
yesterday.
18.
Playing
too
many
computer
games
is____________(harm)
to
you.
19.
We
should
speak
to
the
old
man_____________(polite).
20.
He
answered
all
the
questions___________(correct),
so
he
got
a
high
grade
in
the
final
exam.
21.
Anna
had
a
fever
yesterday,
so
she
was_____________(able)
to
go
to
school.
22.
Don’t
tell
lies.
Nobody
likes
those_____________(honest)
people.
23.
Shenzhen
is
in
the__________(south)
part
of
China.
24.
To
improve
your
writing
skills,
you’d
better_____________(development)
a
habit
of
reading.
25.
I
think
this
dictionary
is
__________(help)
to
your
study.
话题十二：保护环境
人类只有一个地球，这是我们赖以生存的地方，保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。那么我们应该怎样从身边小事做起来保护我们的环境、拯救地球呢?
请以“What
should
we
do
to
protect
our
environment?”为题目写一篇英语短文。内容包括：
1.
保持城市干净整洁，不再随地吐痰、扔垃圾。
2.
更多植树种花，回收纸张和水。
3.
出门前记得关灯等。
作文要求：
1.
不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
2.
语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
What
should
we
do
to
protect
our
environment?
We
have
only
one
earth.
It’s
our
duty
to
protect
the
environment.____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Module
12
Save
our
world
模块小结
要点1
pollution
pollution的用法
pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染”。其动词形式为pollute。
【拓展】
与pollution相关的短语
【典例分析】
1.
There
is
less
____________(pollute)
in
Suzhou
than
in
other
cities
in
China.
【答案】pollution
2.
The
local
people
had
to
move
away
because
the
environment
is
seriously
____________(pollute).
【答案】polluted
3.This
river
is
dirty
because
it
is
________
by
the
water
from
that
chemistry
factory.
A.
reduced?
?
?
?
?B.
polluted?????
C.
included?
?
?
?
?
D.
created
【答案】B。本题考查动词辨析。reduce意为“减少”，pollute意为“污染”，include意为“包含”，create意为“创造”。结合语境可知应选B。
4.
Sleeping
with
lights
on
is
a .
You’d
better
make
sure
all
the
lights
are
off
before
you
go
to
bed.
A.
pollution
B.
action
C.
waste
D.
collection
【答案】选C。考查名词辨析。句意:
开着灯睡觉是一种浪费。你最好确保睡觉前把所有的灯关掉。pollution“污染”;
action“行动”;
waste“浪费”;
collection“收集”。
要点2
It’s
no
use
doing
sth是固定句式,
意为“做某事是没有用的”该句型中的“doing
sth”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。“It’s
no
use
doing
sth”相当于“There
is
no
use
doing
sth”
“It’s
useless
doing/to
do
sth.”或
“It’s
of
no
use
doing/
to
do
sth.”
【拓展】
It’s
fun
doing
sth.
做某事很有趣
It
is
no
good
doing
sth.
做某事不好
/
没用
/
不行
It’s
a
waste
of
time
/
money
doing
sth.
做某事是白费时间
/
金钱
【典例分析】
1.光说不做是没有用的。
It
________
________
________talking
without?doing.
【答案】is?no?use?
2.跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。
It
_______
________
________talking
to
him
because
he
never
listens.
【答案】is
no
good
3.在她目前的心情下，找她谈是白费时间。
It’s_________
_______
______
_________
trying
to
talk
to
her
when
she’s
in
this
mood.
【答案】a
waste
of
time
4.打高尔夫球很有意思
It’s_______
________
playing
golf.
【答案】great
fun
4.
There
is
no
use
staying
at
home.
(同义句改写)
【答案】It’s
no
use
staying
at
home.
5.It’s
no
use
them
about
it.?
A.
tell
B.to
tell
C.
telling
D.
tells
【答案】C
【解析】It’s
no
use
doing
sth.“做某事是没有用的”。
6.It
is
no
____
arguing
with
Bill
because
he
will
never
change
his
mind.
A.
way
B.
help
C.
time
D.
use
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：跟比尔争论是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意的。A.way方法；
B.help帮助；C.
time时间；D.
use用处。It’s
no
use
doing
sth.
(做某事没用
/
只是白费力气)句型。在这个句型中，动词-ing形式是主语，it
是形式主语。故选D。
要点3
hopeless
adj.
无望的；无可救药的
They
feel?hopeless?about
their
future.??他们感到前途无望。
【知识链接】
-less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。
homeless
无家可归的
helpless
无助的
useless
没用的
nameless
莫名的
voiceless
无声的
endless
无尽的
colorless
暗淡的
【典例分析】
1.
Jack
failed
the
maths
exam
again.
He
felt
________
and
wanted
to
give
up.
A.
helpful?
?
?
??
?
B.
successful?????
C.
careless?
?
??
?
D.
hopeless
【答案】D。本题考查形容词辨析。helpful意为“有帮助的”，successful意为“成功的”，careless意为“粗心的”，hopeless意为“没希望的”。结合语境可知应选D。
2.
He
failed
his
job
interview
again,
and
he
felt
really
________
(
with
no
hope)
about
the
future.?
【答案】hopeless
3.We
tried
to
stop
the
fire
from
spreading，but
we
knew
it
was
．（help）
【答案】helpless
要点4
waste做名词，意为“浪费”，为不可数名词。a
waste
of
time
/
money
/
energy是固定词组，意为“浪费时间
/
金钱
/
精力”。
waste做名词时还可表示“废弃物”，为不可数名词。
waste可作动词，意为“浪费”。waste
time
/
money
(in)doing
/
on
sth.
表示“在做某事上浪费时间
/
金钱”。
It’s
a
waste
of
money
to
buy
things
you
don’t
need.
购买你不需要的东西是浪费金钱。
【典例分析】
1.
After
dinner
Mum
asked
me
to
throw
the
_______
in
the
bowls
in
the
bag
on
the
ground.?
A.
fly???
?????
B.
waste?
C.
sand?????
??????
D.
scarf
【答案】B。本题考查名词辨析。fly意为“苍蝇”，waste意为“废料；废弃物”，sand
意为“沙；沙子”，scarf
意为“围巾”，结合语境可知应选B。
2.We
all
need
a
healthy
environment,
but
we
produce
every
day
and
it
is
harmful
to
our
environment.?
A.
dreams
B.
trouble
C.
problems
D.
waste
【答案】 D 本题考查名词辨析。句意:我们都需要一个健康的环境,但是我们每天产生垃圾,它对我们的环境有害。dream梦想;trouble麻烦;problem问题;waste垃圾。根据“它对我们的环境有害”可知选D。
3.
妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Mum
thinks
it
__________
__________
__________
__________
to
play
computer
games.
【答案】a
waste
of
time
4.
这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。
The
river
was
___________
__________
__________
__________
from
the
factory
【答案】badly
polluted
by
waste
要点5
be
a
danger
to
sb/sth
对某人/某物有危害
danger本文用作可数名词,
表示具体的“危害”。当danger
表示抽象的“危险、风险”时,
是不可数名词,
be
in
danger“处于险境之中”。
拓展：
be
in
danger
of
有……的危险
be
out
of
danger
脱离危险
要点6注意try
,
mean接不定式和Ving
的区别
mean意为“意味着,
意思是”时,
后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句;
mean
doing
sth
意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)……
mean意为“打算,
意图”时,
后常跟动词不定式。
mean
to
do
sth
打算/意欲做……
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth
意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。
try
to
do
sth
意为“尽力做某事”(但不一定成功)。
try
doing
sth
意为“试着做某事”
要点7
divide
v.
意为“分开;
分隔”。
divide…into…意为“把……分成……”。
divided
up
分配
辨析：divide与separate
divide
指把一个整体分成几个部分,
常与into搭配。
separate
指把两个人或物分离开,
常与from搭配。
【典例分析】
1.In
English
class
yesterday,
the
students
________
into
five
groups
to
finish
the
task.
A.
divided????
???????
???
B.
were
divided??
C.
divide???????
????
???
D.
are
divided
【答案】B
本题考查时态和语态。主语the
students与动词divide存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态；又由题干中的时间状语yesterday可知应用一般过去时，故选B。
2.There
are
four
people
in
my
family
so
I
________
the
cake
________
four
pieces.
A.
put;
up?
?
?
?
??
?B.
bring;
in???????
C.
cut;
out?
?
?
??
D.
divide;
into
【答案】D。本题考查短语动词辨析。put
up意为“提升；使提高”，bring
in意为“吸引；引入”，cut
out意为“删除”，divide
into意为“分成……”。结合语境可知应选D。
3.那个苹果刚才被分成了相等的两份。
The
apple
__________
__________
__________
two
halves
just
now
【答案】was
divided
into
要点8
do
with意为“处理”,
常与疑问词what连用。
do
with
还可以表示“与……有关；”与……相处。
辨析：do
with
与deal
with
do
with
处理;
对付;
应付
常与what连用
侧重于对某事物的利用或处置
deal
with
常与how连用
强调处理问题的方式、办法
【典例分析】
1.It
took
me
almost
a
whole
day
to
so
many
emails.?
A.do
with
B.
cut
in
C.
cheer
for
D.
run
out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。do
with
“处置;对付”;cut
in
“插嘴”;cheer
for
“为……喝彩”;run
out
“用完;耗尽”。由空格后的so
many
emails
可知应用
“处理”与之搭配。故选A。
2.
Jane
is
very
busy
these
days，for
she
has
a
lot
of
problems
to
_____.
A.
deal
with
B.
keep
up
with
C.
agree
with
D.
come
up
with
【答案】A
deal
with意为“处理”；keep
up
with意为“跟上”；agree
with意为“同意”；come
up
with意为“想出；提出”。由逗号前句意“这些天简很忙”可推知，逗号后句意为“因为她有很多的问题要处理”，故A项符合题意。
3.—What
are
you
going
to
________
the
bed?
—I
have
promised
Mr.
White
to
send
it
to
him.
A.
look
into????
????????
B.
think
of??????
C.
do
with???????
????????????
D.
search
for
【答案】本题考查短语动词辨析。look
into意为“向……里看”，think
of意为“想到；想出”，do
with意为“处理”，search
for意为“搜寻；查找”，结合语境可知应选C。
要点9
harmful
adj.
表示“有害的”,
其反义词是harmless
（无害的）。
harm
n.
&
v.（伤害;
害处）。
1.
be
harmful
to意为“对……有害处”,
相当于be
bad
for,
其反义短语是be
good
for,
其近义短语是do
harm
to（对……造成伤害）。
2.It’s
harmful
to
do
sth
做某事是有害的。
拓展：
do
sb/sth
harm
=
do
harm
to
sb/sth
伤害某人/某物
【典例分析】
1.
Smoking
is
________
to
you.
A.
harm
B.
harmful
C.
harms
D.
harmless
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吸烟对你有害。A.
harm伤害；B.
harmful有害的；C.
harms危害；D.
harmless无害的。结合语境“吸烟对你_______。”
可知，吸烟对身体有害，be
harmful
to对……有害。故选B。
2.
It
is
_____
to
your
health
to
drink
too
much.??
A.
hopeless
B.
hopeful
C.
harmless
D.
harmful
【答案】D
考查形容词辨析。句意:过量喝酒对你的身体健康有害。hopeless无望的;hopeful抱有希望的;harmless无害的;harmful有害的。根据生活常识可知，喝酒过量对身体健康有害。故选D。
3.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
Watching
too
much
do
_______
_________your
eyes.
【答案】harm
to
4.被污染的水对鱼类有害。
Polluted
water
is
fish.
【答案】harmful
to
要点10
be
good
for
对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
反义短语：
be
bad
for
对……有害
拓展:
①
be
good
at
意为“擅长”。
同义短语：do
well
in
②
be
good
to
意为“对……友好”
③
be
good
with意为“善于应付……的”。
【典例分析】
1.
This
kind
of
food
will
be
______you,
and
if
you
keep
on
eating
it,
you
will
be
healthier.
A.
good
to
B.
good
at
C.
good
for
D.
good
with
【答案】B。
be
good
to
意为“对……友好”.
be
good
with意为“善于应付……的”。be
good
at
意为“擅长”。
be
good
for
对……有好处.根据意思语境选答案B
要点11
clothes,
cloth,
clothing
?
clothes
统指各种衣服，谓语动词是复数；
cloth指布，为不可数名词；
clothing是集合名词，为衣服、服装的总称，用于单数形式。
Our
clothing
protects
us
against
the
cold.
我们的衣服用以御寒。
【典例分析】
1.This
kind
of
________
feels
very
comfortable
and
it
is
used
for
making
blouses.
A.
job?
?
?
?
?
?
?
B.
book
C.
paper?
?
?
?
??D.
cloth
【答案】D。本题考查名词辨析。job意为“工作”，book意为“书”，paper意为“纸”，cloth意为“布”。结合语境可知应选D。
2.用clothes,
cloth,
clothing
填空
We’re
collecting
food
and
_________
for
the
poor.
She
has
a
lot
of
________
in
her
bedroom.
She
bought
some
_________
to
make
herself
a
dress.
【答案】clothes
clothing
?
cloth
要点12
throw
away
意为“扔掉”，其中away是副词。注意宾语it在throw和away中间。如
【拓展】
由throw构成的短语：
①
throw
at
sb.
朝某人扔；
②
throw
down
扔下；推翻；
3
throw
off
摆脱；除去；
④
throw
oneself
into
投身于；
⑤
throw
over
舍弃；放弃
【典例分析】
1.Don't
________
the
rubbish
everywhere.
It's
bad
for
the
environment.
A.
find
out?
?
?
?
B.
point
out??????
C.
take
away?
?
?
?
D.
throw
away
【答案】D。本题考查短语动词辨析。find
out意为“发现；查明”，point
out意为“指出”，take
away意为“拿走”，throw
away意为“扔掉”。结合语境可知应选D。
2.
Don't
________
the
books.
We
can
use
it
again.
A.
find
out???
???????
????
B.
pick
up???
????
C.
write
down???
??????D.
throw
away
【答案】本题考查短语动词辨析。find
out意为“发现；查明；弄清”，pick
up
意为“拿起；举起”，write
down
意为“写下；记下”，throw
away意为“扔掉；丢弃”，结合语境可知应选D。
3.The
old
clothes
can
be
reused.
It's to .?
A.
waste;
throw
them
away
B.
wasteful;
throw
them
away
C.
waste;
throw
away
them
D.
wasteful;
throw
away
them
【答案】 B 句意:旧衣服可以被再次利用。扔掉它们很浪费。throw
away
扔掉,为动词+副词结构,和代词连用时代词应该放在中间;第一空表示“浪费的”,应用形容词wasteful作表语。故选B。
要点13
1.
对……有危险
2.做某事是没用的
3.
节约能源
4.
关灯
5.
找某人，求见某人
6处理
7.
把…分成…
8.
扔掉
9.
对某人/某物有害
10.把......变成......
11.
大量的，许多的
12.
作出改变
13.
期待/盼望某事
14.
采取措施做某事
15.尽某人最大努力做某事
16.
打扫，清理
17.
解决，解答
18.照顾，照料
19.注意
【答案】 1.
be
a
danger
to
2.
It’s
no
use/good
doing
sth.
3.
save
energy
4.
turn
off
the
lights
5.ask
for
sb.
6.deal
with/do
with
7.
divide
…into…
8.
throw
away
9.
be
harmful
to
sb.
/sth.
=
do
harm
to
sb.
/sth.
10.
change...into
=
turn
into
11.
tons
of
12.
make
a
change
13.
hope
for
sth.
14.
take
steps
to
do
sth.
15.
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth.
16.
clean
up
17.
work
out
18.
look
after
19.
pay
attention
to
1.合成构词法
由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,
这种构词法叫合成构词法。合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成形容词很常见,
多数用作定语,
有些作表语;
合成名词作主语或宾语;
合成动词用作谓语。
合成名词
classroom（名词+名词)?????????blackboard（形容词+名词）handwriting（名词+动名词)?????afternoon（介词+名词）
合成形容词
worldwide（名词+形容词)????
man-made（名词+过去分词）good-looking（形容词+现在分词）
合成动词
overcome（副词+动词)???download（副词+动词）
合成数词
fifty-four（数词+数词）
合成代词
somebody（不定代词+名词)????anything?（不定代词+名词）myself?（物主代词+名词）
合成副词
downstairs（介词+名词）whole-heartedly?（形容词+副词）
2.
派生构词法
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,
这种构词法叫派生构词法。由此构成的新单词成派生词,
加前缀或后缀的单词叫词根。词根是基础,
同一个词根加上不同的词缀可以组成不同意义或不同性质的词。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,
加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。前缀多改变词义,
后缀多改变词性。
前缀
例词
en-(使)
enable,
enrich
un-（不,
非;
表示否定）
unfriendly,
?unpleasant,
?uncomfortable,
unlikeunusual,
unhappy
dis-（不,
非;
表示否定）
disadvantage,
?dishonest,
?disagree,
dislike
in-（不,
非）
incorrect,
?informal
im-(不,
非)
impossible,
impolite
re-(又,
再,
重来)
review,?rewrite
后缀
例词
-or/-er/-ian(……人,
名词后缀)
actor,
?visitor,
?singer,
?Australian
-ful(充满的……,
形容词后缀)
successful,
?beautiful,
?colourful,
?wonderful
-tion(表示动作、状态,
名词后缀)
invitation,
?population,
?prediction
-less(没有、无,
形容词后缀)
homeless,
?helpless,
careless
-y(表示性质,
形容词后缀)
funny,
?healthy,
?cloudy,
?windy
-al(……的,
形容词后缀)
traditional,
?national,
?natural
-able(有……特性的,
形容词后缀)??
comfortable,
?unforgettable
-ness(状态、性质,
名词后缀)???
illness,
happiness
-ly（以某种方式,
副词后缀）
quickly,
?happily,
?slowly
3.
转化构词法
一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性,
这种构词法叫转化构词法。单词的形式没有变,
只是词性和意思有变化。
1.名词转化为动词:
show
n.
展览,
展示→
show
v.
表演，展出
book
n.
书→
book
v.
预定
2.形容词转化为动词:
slow
adj.
慢的→
slow
v.
使放慢
3.动词转化为名词:
walk
v.
步行→
walk
n.
步行
swim
v.
游泳→
swim
n.
游泳
【典例分析】
一、?将A中的单词和B中的单词配对，组成五个合成词。
A:
super,?
world,?
house,?
over,?
good
B:
looking,?
do,?
market,?
wife,?
famous
____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 supermarket
world-famous
house-wife
over-do
good-looking
二、词型转换
(A)根据构词法写出下列单词的反义词。
1．healthy
________
2.careful
________
3．possible
________
4.true
________
5．comfortable________
6.usual________
7．happy________
8.helpless________
(B)写出下列单词的形容词形式。
1．friend
________
2.worry
________
3．waste________
4.harm
________
5．use________
6.health
________
7．environment
________
8.pollute________
(C)写出下列单词的名词形式。
1．collect________
2.visit________
3．teach________
4.sick________
5．happy________
6.safe________
7．honest________
8.lonely________
【答案】(A)1.unhealthy 2.careless
3．impossible 4.untrue
5．uncomfortable
6.unusual
7．unhappy 8.helpful
(B)1.friendly
2.worried 3.wasteful
4．harmful 5.used/useful/useless
6．healthy 7.environmental 8.polluted
(C)1.collection 2.visitor 3.teacher
4．sickness 5.happiness 6.safety
7．honesty 8.loneliness
三、?根据语境用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
It’s
__________(usual)
for
a
four-year-old
boy
to
write
poems
so
well.??
2.
Mary
got
hurt
in
P.E.
class.
We
sent
her
to
the
hospital__________(quick).?
3.
As
a
volunteer,
it’s
the
________(six)
time
for
him
to
help
the
kids
in?Africa.?
4.
Lao
She
was
a
great__________
(write)
and
he’s
especially
famous
for
his
play,?Teahouse.
5.
Many
people
enjoy
reading
e-books,
but
I
__________
(like)
it
as
it’s
bad
for
the
eyes.
6.
How
____________
(care)
you
are!
You’ve
knocked
the
cup
off
the
table
again!
7.
Which
team
do
you
think
will
be
the
_____________
(win)
of
the
20th
FIFA
World
Cup?
8.
Nick
went
home
quite
late
and
his
mother
looked
at
him
_____________
(happy).
9.
Joan
was
happy
because
she
was
given
some
____________
(use)
gifts
last
week.
10.
Li
Na
is
a
famous
tennis
____________
(play).
11.
He
can’t
even
move
because
of
his
_______________
(ill).
12.
Some
wild
animals
may__________(appear)forever
if
we
don’t
stop
hunting
them.
13.
It
often
rains__________(heavy)in
this
season
every
year.
14.
Nanjing
looks
much
more
beautiful
on__________(snow)
days.
15.
Larry
has
put
on
too
much
weight
because
of
his_________(healthy)
diet.
16.
It’s
cool
and_________(sun)
in
autumn
in
our
home
town.
17.
The
plane
landed_________(safe)
yesterday.
18.
Playing
too
many
computer
games
is____________(harm)
to
you.
19.
We
should
speak
to
the
old
man_____________(polite).
20.
He
answered
all
the
questions___________(correct),
so
he
got
a
high
grade
in
the
final
exam.
21.
Anna
had
a
fever
yesterday,
so
she
was_____________(able)
to
go
to
school.
22.
Don’t
tell
lies.
Nobody
likes
those_____________(honest)
people.
23.
Shenzhen
is
in
the__________(south)
part
of
China.
24.
To
improve
your
writing
skills,
you’d
better_____________(development)
a
habit
of
reading.
25.
I
think
this
dictionary
is
__________(help)
to
your
study.
【答案】1.unusal
2.
quickly
3.sixth
4.writer
5.dislike
6.careful
7.winner
8.unhappily
9.useful
10.player
11.illness
12disappear
13.heavily
14.snowy
15.unhealthy
16.sunny
17.safely
18.harmful
19.politely
20.correctly
21.unable
22.unhonest
23.southern
24.develop
25.helpful
话题十二：保护环境
人类只有一个地球，这是我们赖以生存的地方，保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。那么我们应该怎样从身边小事做起来保护我们的环境、拯救地球呢?
请以“What
should
we
do
to
protect
our
environment?”为题目写一篇英语短文。内容包括：
1.
保持城市干净整洁，不再随地吐痰、扔垃圾。
2.
更多植树种花，回收纸张和水。
3.
出门前记得关灯等。
作文要求：
1.
不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
2.
语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
What
should
we
do
to
protect
our
environment?
We
have
only
one
earth.
It’s
our
duty
to
protect
the
environment.____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
We
have
only
one
earth.
It’s
our
duty
to
protect
the
environment
.First
of
all,
I
think
we
should
keep
our
city
clean
and
tidy.
Don’t
spit
in
public
or
throw
rubbish
everywhere.
Second,
plant
more
trees
and
flowers
around
the
city
to
make
the
air
clean
and
the
environment
beautiful.
Also,
it’s
important
to
recycle
paper
and
water.
Finally,
to
save
more
energy,
remember
to
turn
off
the
lights
when
we
leave
the
room
Let’s
try
our
best
to
make
our
world
more
and
more
beautiful
in
the
future.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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