【备战2021】高考英语二轮复习 名词课件(共27张PPT)+学案+习题

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名称 【备战2021】高考英语二轮复习 名词课件(共27张PPT)+学案+习题
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更新时间 2021-10-27 12:05:41

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(共27张PPT)
Nouns
名词
名词的概念
表示人和事物名称的词叫做名词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两类。
Presentation
专有名词 --指特定的人物、地点、事物等,首字母要大写。
Changchun,ZhongNanshan
普通名词 --指一般的人或事物,首字母不用大写。
novel coronavirus,egg,name
名词有什么作用
1.Tom is a famous scientist.
2.They also light lamps and play music because they think this will lead the ancestors back to earth.
3.This is the journal of my bicycle trip across Canada in the summer of 2020.
主语
宾语
定语

Presentation
表语
Presentation
考纲解读
考纲要求名词应掌握以下内容:
1、分清名词的可数与不可数性;
2、可数名词有单复数,有些名词只有复数;
3、物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用;
4、名词所有格和of格的语言现象;
5、名词直接作定语;国家名词的正确使用;名词词意的区分和搭配;单位名词的搭配;
6、名词前的修饰语so,as,quite等;
7、time及常考点。
Presentation
命题导向
名词的可数与不可数是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用,之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词有复数但意义与原词不同。有些可数名词的复数有两个含义。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考名词命题的考点。
这里要解决的有:
1、名词的数
2、名词所有格
3、词性转换
Presentation
一、名词的数
Countable nouns
(可数名词)
Uncountable nouns
(不可数名词)
Individual Nouns
(个体名词)
Collective Nouns
(集体名词 )
Abstract Nouns
(抽象名词 )
Material Nouns
(物质名词 )
Presentation
1.可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数之分。
(1)可数名词复数的规则变化
①一般情况下,直接在词尾 -s.
②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词直接在词尾加-es.
monkey
monkeys
culture
cultures
friendship
friendships
mask
masks
glass
glasses
box
boxes
watch
watches
brush
brushes
Presentation
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es.
④以“o” 结尾的名词,常在词尾加-s,但有些名词后要加-es.
(特殊的名词有:黑人Negro小英雄hero坐在火山volcano脚下的土豆
potato田里吃西红柿tomato)
Presentation
story
stories
country
countries
Negro
Negroes
hero
heroes
volcano
volcanoes
potato
potatoes
tomato
tomatoes
photo
photos
radio
radios
⑤以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数通常直接加-s,但有些词要变f或fe为v,再加-es.这些特殊的单词有:为了自己self活命life,小偷thief和妻子wife拿着小刀knife和一片loaf 树叶leaf站在葡萄架子shelf下,把狼wolf砍成了两半half。
Presentation
self
selves
life
lives
thief
thieves
wife
wives
knife
knives
loaf
loaves
leaf
leaves
shelf
shelves
wolf
wolves
half
halves
⑥合成名词变复数时,通常只将主体名词变复数,没有主体名词则将词尾变复数。.
⑦“man/women+n” 变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。
Presentation
son-in-law
sons-in-law
storyteller
storytellers
woman teacher
women teachers
man engineer
men engineers
(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化
1、单复数同形:sheep, deer, works(工厂), species ,series
Chinese, Japanese, Swiss ,means,
spacecraft, aircraft,crossroads
2、变元音字母:man --men, woman --women, foot --feet,
policeman --policemen, tooth --teeth,
saleswoman --saleswomen, goose --geese,
mouse --Mice
3、特殊名词的复数形式: child --children, ox --oxen
criterion --criteria,phenomenon--phenomena,
crisis--crises, thesis--theses, basis--bases,
bacterium--bacteria, medium--media 等
Presentation
注意!
1、fish作为“鱼肉”的意思时是不可数名词;作为“鱼的条数”的意思时单复数同形;作为“鱼的种类”意思时是可数名词。
I like to eat fish(鱼肉), and yesterday I ate two fish(两条鱼). But I don't like some fishes(鱼类) from the ocean.
2、people指“人”时,是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时复数形式是peoples。
one person two people (两个人) two peoples(两个民族)
3、不同国家的人变复数时,“中日瑞士不改变,英法后面a变e,其他s加后面”。
one Chinese two Chinese one Englishman two Englishmen
one German two Germans
Presentation
2.不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前也不可以加不定冠词。但是,也有几个例外:
(1)当物质名词为份数时,可以有单复形式。
Chinese is famous for tea.中国因茶而闻名。(tea为物质名词,不可数)
Two teas,please.请来两杯茶。(=two cups of teas,tea表示份数)
(2)当物质名词表示数量的巨大或范围较广时,可用作复数形式。
Water is made up hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。
(water是物质名词,不可数)
Part of the waters of the Yangtze River have been polluted.长江的部分水域
受到了污染。(waters表示大范围的水域,用复数形式)
Presentation
(3)抽象名词具体化时变成可数名词。
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词,可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一件成功的事
win honor赢得荣誉 a honor一件引以为荣的事
encounter failure遭遇失败 a failure失败者
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure很乐意 a pleasure令人高兴的事
Presentation
Exercise
Two _________(month) ago, three ___________(Negro), who
were all _______(hero) , caught four ________(thief) because they
had stolen some ________(potato) and some _________(bamboo)
from two _______(zoo),where 500 ________(sheep), 200_______
(deer) ,100 _____(ox) and 1000 ________(goose) were raised.
months
Negroes
heroes
thieves
potatoes
bamboos
zoos
sheep
deer
oxen
geese
二、名词所有格
Presentation
构成 举例
单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常直接加“-'s” the boy's book
the children's book
以s结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“-'” the workers' struggle
复合名词中,只在最后一个词的词尾加“'s” her son-in-law's house
不定代词后加else,在else后 “-'s” someone else's possessions
1、名词所有格的变化规则
Presentation
2、名词所有格中需要注意的事项:
(1)表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后
常不出现它所修饰的名词。
at the doctor’s (office) 在诊所 at the Green’s (home ) 在格林家
They are gathering at the Green’s. 他们在格林家聚会。
(2)表示无生命的东西的名词,通常用“of+名词”结构。
Or they could be in one of those empty cottages near the pine trees right at
the top of the mountain.
(3)双重所有格与of所有格的区别:
①侧重点不同。He is a friend of my father's.(说明我父亲不止一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father.(说明他是我父亲唯一的朋友)
②中心词是portrait, picture, printing, photograph等词时,of所有格表示
某人自己的照片,肖像等;双重所有格表示是属于某人所有的照片,肖像。
This is a picture of my father.(照片上的人是我父亲)
This is a picture of my father's.(照片是属于我父亲的)
Exercise
The ________ (girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them
to take them off before they got into _____(Tom) car.
Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at the _________(Turner)
girls'
Tom's
Turners'
三、词性转换
Presentation
英语中构成名词的后缀有-age,-cy,-dom,-ence,-ance,
-tion,-sion,-ment,-ness,-th,-ure,-y等。
后缀 例词
-age
-cy
-dom
short→shortage  不足;短缺
efficient→efficiency  效率;功效
fluent→fluency 流利;流畅
accurate→accuracy 准确性
private→privacy 隐私,私密
free→freedom  自由;自主
wise→wisdom 明智;智慧
Presentation
后缀 例词
-ence
-ness
-th
-y -ty -ity
different→difference  差异
silent→silence 沉默
weak→weakness 虚弱;弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈;好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
strong→strength 力气;强项
warm→warmth 温暖;热情
difficult→difficulty 困难
cruel→cruelty 残酷;残暴
safe→safety 安全
responsible→responsibility 责任
Presentation
后缀 例词
-al
-ance -ence
approve→approval 赞成;批准
arrive→arrival 到来;到达
survive→survival 幸存
propose→proposal 提议;建议
appear→appearance 出现;外貌
guide→guidance 指引;指导
perform→performance 表演;节目
exist→existence 存在;生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考;查阅
Presentation
后缀 例词
-ion -tion -ation
-(ss)ion
-ing
attract→attraction 吸引
invite→invitation 邀请;请柬
graduate→graduation 毕业
expect→expectation 期待;期望
compete→competition 比赛;竞争
explain→explanation 解释
discuss→discussion 讨论;辩论
decide→decision 决定
admit→admission 接纳;准许入学
hear→hearing 听力;听觉
start→starting 开始
Presentation
后缀 例词
-ment
-ure -ture
-y
其他
achieve→achievement 功绩;成就
argue→argument 辩论;论据
treat→treatment 对待;治疗
fail→failure 失败;没做到
press→pressure 压力
mix→mixture 混合;混合物
depart→departure 离开;出发
recover→recovery 恢复;痊愈
discover→discovery 发现
choose→choice 选择
vary→variety 多样化;种类
tend→tendency 趋向;趋势
Exercise
The __________ (express) in her eyes told me something was
wrong.
_________(curious) is part of children's nature. They always
insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
Due to the __________(apply) of this medical technology, some
diseases can be treated at an early stage.
expression
Curiosity
application
-----------------------------
弄清真相
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名词真题练习
1.【2020全国I】The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山).
2.【2020全国II】Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
3.【2020全国III】Filled with________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
4.【2020江苏卷】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.submission
5.【2019全国I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing.
6. 【2019全国II】We are so proud of her. It's __________ (wonder).
7.【2019全国III】They also shared with us many ______ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
8.【2019全国卷III】When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______________(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.
9.【2019江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C proportion D. pension
10.【2019天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
11.【2018 全国卷I】A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
12.【2018浙江卷】Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
13.【2018全国III卷】I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
14.【2018全国III】.My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
15.【2018全国I】To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
16.【2018全国卷II·短文改错】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
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名词授课学案
名词的概念
表示人和事物名称的词叫做名词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词 --指特定的人物、地点、事物等,首字母要大写。普通名词 --指一般的人或事物,首字母不用大写。
二、名词一般充当什么句子成分?
主语、宾语、表语、同位语
Exercise:说出下列句中画线部分的成分。
1.Tom is a famous scientist.
2.They also light lamps and play music because they think this will lead the ancestors
back to earth.
3.This is the journal of my bicycle trip across Canada in the summer of 2020.
三、名词的数
1.可数名词:可数名词有单数和复数之分。
(1)可数名词复数的规则变化
①一般情况下,直接在词尾 -s.
②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词直接在词尾加-es.
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es.
④以“o” 结尾的名词,常在词尾加-s,但有些名词后要加-es.
(特殊的名词有:黑人Negro小英雄hero坐在火山volcano脚下的土豆potato田里吃西红柿tomato)
⑤以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数通常直接加-s,但有些词要变f或fe为v,再加-es.这些特殊的单词有:为了自己self活命life,小偷thief和妻子wife拿着小刀knife和一片loaf 树叶leaf站在葡萄架子shelf下,把狼wolf砍成了两半half。
⑥合成名词变复数时,通常只将主体名词变复数,没有主体名词则将词尾变复数。.
⑦“man/women+n” 变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。
(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化
①单复数同形:sheep, deer, works(工厂), species ,series,Chinese, Japanese, Swiss ,means, spacecraft, aircraft,crossroads
②变元音字母:man --men, woman --women, foot --feet, policeman --policemen, tooth --teeth, saleswoman --saleswomen, goose --geese, mouse --Mice
③特殊名词的复数形式: child --children, ox --oxen,criterion --criteria,phenomenon--phenomena, crisis--crises, thesis--theses, basis--bases, bacterium--bacteria, medium--media 等
注意:(1)fish作为“鱼肉”的意思时是不可数名词;作为“鱼的条数”的意思时单复数同形;作为“鱼的种类”意思时是可数名词。
Eg: I like to eat fish(鱼肉), and yesterday I ate two fish(两条鱼). But I don't like some fishes(鱼类) from the ocean.
(2)people指“人”时,是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时复数形式是peoples。
one person two people (两个人) two peoples(两个民族)
(3)不同国家的人变复数时,“中日瑞士不改变,英法后面a变e,其他s加后面”。
one Chinese two Chinese one Englishman two Englishmen
one German two Germans
2、不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前也不可以加不定冠词。但是,也有几个例外:
(1)当物质名词为份数时,可以有单复形式。
Chinese is famous for tea.中国因茶而闻名。(tea为物质名词,不可数)
Two teas,please.请来两杯茶。(=two cups of teas,tea表示份数)
(2)当物质名词表示数量的巨大或范围较广时,可用作复数形式。
Water is made up hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。
(water是物质名词,不可数)
Part of the waters of the Yangtze River have been polluted.长江的部分水域
受到了污染。(waters表示大范围的水域,用复数形式)
(3)抽象名词具体化时变成可数名词。
Exercise: Two _________(month) ago, three ___________(Negro), who were all _______(hero) , caught four ________(thief) because they had stolen some ________(potato) and some _________(bamboo) from two _______(zoo),where 500 ________(sheep), 200_______ (deer) ,100 _____(ox) and 1000 ________(goose) were raised.
二、名词的格
1、名词所有格的变化规则
单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常直接加“-'s” the boy's book the children's book
以s结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“-'” the workers' struggle
复合名词中,只在最后一个词的词尾加“'s” her son-in-law's house
不定代词后加else,在else后 “-'s” someone else's possessions
2、名词所有格中需要注意的事项:
1)表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后
常不出现它所修饰的名词。
at the doctor’s (office) 在诊所 at the Green’s (home ) 在格林家
They are gathering at the Green’s. 他们在格林家聚会。
(2)表示无生命的东西的名词,通常用“of+名词”结构。
Or they could be in one of those empty cottages near the pine trees right at
the top of the mountain.
(3)双重所有格与of所有格的区别:
①侧重点不同。He is a friend of my father's.(说明我父亲不止一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father.(说明他是我父亲唯一的朋友)
②中心词是portrait, picture, printing, photograph等词时,of所有格表示
某人自己的照片,肖像等;双重所有格表示是属于某人所有的照片,肖像。
This is a picture of my father.(照片上的人是我父亲)
This is a picture of my father's.(照片是属于我父亲的)
三、词性转换
英语中构成名词的后缀有-age,-cy,-dom,-ence,-ance,-tion,-sion,-ment,-ness,-th,-ure,-y等。
Exercise: 1.The __________ (express) in her eyes told me something was wrong.
2._________(curious) is part of children's nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
3.Due to the __________(apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
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名词真题练习 解析版
1.【2020·全国I】The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山).
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
【2020·全国II】Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
3.【2020全国III】Filled with________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意:艺术家充满好奇的打包离开了。此处介词 with 的宾语应该由名词充当,故用名词形式curiosity。
4.【2020·江苏卷】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
5.【2019·全国I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing.
【答案】belief
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:近年来,努奈尤特的一些因纽特人报告说,在人类居住区附近目击熊的事件有所增加,导致人们认为熊的数量正在增长。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知,空格处需填名词形式。故填belief。
6. 【2019全国II】We are so proud of her. It's __________ (wonder).
【答案】wonderful
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:我们为她感到骄傲。太棒了。作表语,应用形容词,wonder的形容词形式是wonderful。
7.【2019全国III】They also shared with us many ______ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.
【答案】 traditional
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:他们还和我们分享了很多有关夏威夷的故事,游客们非常喜欢夏威夷。修饰名词stories,应用形容词,tradition的形容词形式是traditional。
8.【2019全国卷III】When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______________(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:当他们下班后,他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,他们告诉我们一个有趣的比赛可以观看,以及背后的故事。由空格前的interesting形容词,修饰名词。故填competition.
9.【2019江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
10.【2019天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement"陈述说明"; impact"强烈的影响,冲击力"; impression"印象,感想"; judgement"判断力判断"。故选B。
11.【2018 全国卷I】A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意:每天跑步只需5到10分钟,就能降低患心脏病的风险和因各种原因导致的的早期死亡。cause是一个可数名词,表示“原因”,由空格前的all可知,此处应该用复数形式,故填causes.
12.【2018浙江卷】Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查词性转换。根据修饰词Chinese可知用可数名词的复数dishes,表示"中国菜"。
13.【2018全国III卷】I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist 
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。设空处作表语,说明主语的身份;根据提示词science可知填scientist.
14.【2018全国III】.My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:我是米雷亚.梅尔,是研究诸如猿和猴子的科学家。由不定冠词a可知,应用单数可数名词;根据句意可知,这里指一位科学家。
15.【2018全国I】To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:为避免膝盖疼,你可以在柔软的路面上跑步,锻炼来强健你的腿部肌肉,不要往山丘上跑,穿好的跑鞋。空格后面是名词短语,所以空格处应当是动词,与前面的to构成不定式,作目的状语。
16.【2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。
【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”,并不是所有关系,故把Friday’s改为Friday。
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名词授课学案
名词的概念
表示人和事物名称的词叫做名词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词 --指特定的人物、地点、事物等,首字母要大写。普通名词 --指一般的人或事物,首字母不用大写。
二、名词一般充当什么句子成分?
主语、宾语、表语、同位语
Exercise:说出下列句中画线部分的成分。
1.Tom is a famous scientist.
2.They also light lamps and play music because they think this will lead the ancestors
back to earth.
3.This is the journal of my bicycle trip across Canada in the summer of 2020.
三、名词的数
1.可数名词:可数名词有单数和复数之分。
(1)可数名词复数的规则变化
①一般情况下,直接在词尾 -s.
②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词直接在词尾加-es.
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es.
④以“o” 结尾的名词,常在词尾加-s,但有些名词后要加-es.
(特殊的名词有:黑人Negro小英雄hero坐在火山volcano脚下的土豆potato田里吃西红柿tomato)
⑤以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数通常直接加-s,但有些词要变f或fe为v,再加-es.这些特殊的单词有:为了自己self活命life,小偷thief和妻子wife拿着小刀knife和一片loaf 树叶leaf站在葡萄架子shelf下,把狼wolf砍成了两半half。
⑥合成名词变复数时,通常只将主体名词变复数,没有主体名词则将词尾变复数。.
⑦“man/women+n” 变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。
(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化
①单复数同形:sheep, deer, works(工厂), species ,series,Chinese, Japanese, Swiss ,means, spacecraft, aircraft,crossroads
②变元音字母:man --men, woman --women, foot --feet, policeman --policemen, tooth --teeth, saleswoman --saleswomen, goose --geese, mouse --Mice
③特殊名词的复数形式: child --children, ox --oxen,criterion --criteria,phenomenon--phenomena, crisis--crises, thesis--theses, basis--bases, bacterium--bacteria, medium--media 等
注意:(1)fish作为“鱼肉”的意思时是不可数名词;作为“鱼的条数”的意思时单复数同形;作为“鱼的种类”意思时是可数名词。
Eg: I like to eat fish(鱼肉), and yesterday I ate two fish(两条鱼). But I don't like some fishes(鱼类) from the ocean.
(2)people指“人”时,是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时复数形式是peoples。
one person two people (两个人) two peoples(两个民族)
(3)不同国家的人变复数时,“中日瑞士不改变,英法后面a变e,其他s加后面”。
one Chinese two Chinese one Englishman two Englishmen
one German two Germans
2、不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前也不可以加不定冠词。但是,也有几个例外:
(1)当物质名词为份数时,可以有单复形式。
Chinese is famous for tea.中国因茶而闻名。(tea为物质名词,不可数)
Two teas,please.请来两杯茶。(=two cups of teas,tea表示份数)
(2)当物质名词表示数量的巨大或范围较广时,可用作复数形式。
Water is made up hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。
(water是物质名词,不可数)
Part of the waters of the Yangtze River have been polluted.长江的部分水域
受到了污染。(waters表示大范围的水域,用复数形式)
(3)抽象名词具体化时变成可数名词。
Exercise: Two months (month) ago, three Negroes (Negro), who were all heroes (hero) , caught four thieves (thief) because they had stolen some potatoes (potato) and some bamboo (bamboo) from two zoos (zoo),where 500 sheep (sheep), 200 deer (deer) ,100 oxen (ox) and 1000 geese (goose) were raised.
二、名词的格
1、名词所有格的变化规则
单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常直接加“-'s” the boy's book the children's book
以s结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“-'” the workers' struggle
复合名词中,只在最后一个词的词尾加“'s” her son-in-law's house
不定代词后加else,在else后 “-'s” someone else's possessions
2、名词所有格中需要注意的事项:
1)表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后
常不出现它所修饰的名词。
at the doctor’s (office) 在诊所 at the Green’s (home ) 在格林家
They are gathering at the Green’s. 他们在格林家聚会。
(2)表示无生命的东西的名词,通常用“of+名词”结构。
Or they could be in one of those empty cottages near the pine trees right at
the top of the mountain.
(3)双重所有格与of所有格的区别:
①侧重点不同。He is a friend of my father's.(说明我父亲不止一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father.(说明他是我父亲唯一的朋友)
②中心词是portrait, picture, printing, photograph等词时,of所有格表示
某人自己的照片,肖像等;双重所有格表示是属于某人所有的照片,肖像。
This is a picture of my father.(照片上的人是我父亲)
This is a picture of my father's.(照片是属于我父亲的)
三、词性转换
英语中构成名词的后缀有-age,-cy,-dom,-ence,-ance,-tion,-sion,-ment,-ness,-th,-ure,-y等。
Exercise: 1.The expression (express) in her eyes told me something was wrong.
2.Curiosity (curious) is part of children's nature. They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.
3.Due to the application (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.
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