初中英语语法—非谓语动词

(共74张PPT)
The old men enjoy______________ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.
2.My sister is interested in ____ in her free time.
A. watch TV B. reading books
C. listening music D. plays basketball
3.Let me _____(help) you ____ (water) the flowers.
4. I saw him _______ into the small store. A. went B. going　 C. to go　 D. has gone
5.He is good at______.
A. singing B. sing C. sings D. to sing
listening
B
B
help
water
A
非谓语动词
1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：
在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句
子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动
词，叫做非谓语动词。
We should serve the people heart and soul.
I am reading a novel.
She found English hard to learn.　
Seeing is believing.　
Please stop speaking.
（谓语）
（谓语）
（状语）
（主语和表语）
（宾语）
2.非谓语动词的特点
1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。
You ought to have been here yesterday.
2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
The Party called on us to serve the people .
The students ran out of the classroom, laughing happily .
非谓语动词分为三种形式:
不定式：to+动词原形
动名词：动词原形+ing
分词（现在分词和过去分词）
动词+doing
介词+doing
doing
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑
喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于做…
imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事
can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
错过建议保持介意值得考虑
be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事
be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
介词+doing
put off doing 推迟做某事
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
without doing sth. 没有做某事
think about doing sth. 考虑做某事
What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样
此to 非彼to
look forward to doing sth. （盼望）
pay attention to doing sth. （注意）
be used to doing sth. （习惯于）
prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢）
devote to doing sth （致力于）
make a contribution to doing（做贡献）
小试牛刀
1. Now more and more people are busy____about the Internet.
　A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
2.-It's too hot. Would you mind _____the door
　-______. Please do it.
　A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not
　C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea
3. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_____until we make it.
　A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying
C
B
D
4. -Are you enjoying_____in Ningbo
　 -Yes, we are. Very much.
　A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived
5．We couldn’t help _____(laugh) after we heard the funny story
A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed
B
B
肯定式: to do
否定式: not to do
省略to的: do
动词不定式
基本形式：
to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to）
特点 ：
A .没有人称和数的变化
C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词）
B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语
动词不定式用法
A、作主语，如:
To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
注意1：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。
注意2:不定式的逻辑主语：
不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。
I promised Tom to play with him.
I asked him to play with me.
（to play的逻辑主语是I）
（to play的逻辑主语是him）
注意3:
同一句型中不同介词的不同含义
It is + adj + for sb to do sth
It is + adj + of sb to do sth
（for 引出动作发出者）
（of 引出adj修饰的对象）
It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.
It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.
It is very kind of you to give me some help.
It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.
注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：
kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish, careless, stupid, naughty (淘气的), polite, impolite,silly, brave, honest, noble，right, rude等
＝You are very kind to give me some help.　
＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.　
B、作表语，如
The important thing is to finish the work on time .
作宾语
C、
动词 + to do
动词+疑问词 + to do
动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to do
常见动词有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等
I don’t know what to do .
I find it important to learn English.
只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：
决定想做计划需要同意，
能做被用来做的事
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
want∕would like to do sth. 想做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某
need to do sth. 需要做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
afford to do 能做某事
be used to do 被用来做
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
can’t wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事
make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事
used to do 过去常常做某事
fail to do 未能做某事
D、动词不定式作宾语补足语
作宾补
动词 + 宾语 +to do
动词 + 宾语 + do
Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .
注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。
(不带 to 的不定式)
注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make,let.
接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：
请求与命令
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
请求与命令
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事
warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
E、作状语：
可以表目的、表结果、表原因
F、作定语：（必须后置）
I came here to see you．
We were very excited to hear the news．
He hurried to the school to find nobody there .
To look at him，you would like him．
(目的)
(原因)
(结果)
(条件)
I have some books for you to read.
注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
He is looking for a room to live in ．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
G、不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where , how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。
He didn't know what to say.
My question is when to start．
How to solve the problem is very important
(宾语)
(表语)
（主语）
注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开
头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Why not have a rest
1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,
I always saw her play violin .
He was made to work 12hours a day.
动词不定式省略to的情况:
使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看：feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice
had better（not）do sth. 最好(不)做…
why not /why don’t you do sth 为什么不做…
help sb.（to）do sth 帮助某人做…
Would rather （not）do sth.宁愿(不)做…
would you please （not）do sth. 请你(不)要做…
情态动词+do 助动词+do
感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel
+ do表示动作的完整性，
+doing 表示动作的进行性。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
区分下列词组:
see sb. doing/ do sth.
hear sb. doing/ do sth.
watch sb. doing/ do sth.
notice sb. doing/ do sth.
特殊词精讲:
to do doing
remember
forger (do在后) 要做 （do在前）做过
stop
go on （两个字）两件事 （一个字）一件事
like
hate
love
一次性
长期
try 尽力做 尝试做
start
begin 一样 一样
stop doing/to do
stop to do　停下来去做另一件事，
stop doing　停止正在做的某事。
他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke.
我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.
forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。
办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。
（没有做关灯的动作）
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
He forgot turning the light off.
forget doing/to do
remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Remember to go to the post office after school.
你不记得以前见过那个人吗
Don't you remember seeing the man before
go on doing/to do
go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，
go on doing　继续做原来做的事。
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his
physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.
做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
try doing/ to do sth.
try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事
Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .
try doing sth. 试着做某事
The machine couldn’t work. Let’s try repairing it.
2、动词不定式的否定形式为：
not + to do
Mr.Smith asked the boy ___________(not play) this kind of game.
not to play
Please have him __________(not do) so much housework.
not do
3、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door
(A key unlocks the door．)
4、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write．
(I write a letter．)
He needs a room to live in．
(He lives in a room．)
5、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people．
He is hard to talk to．
The book is difficult to understand．
The question is easy to answer
现在分词与过去分词
两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：
1.在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。
2.在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。
总之，现在分词表主动、进行；
　　　过去分词表被动、完成。
在句法功能上它们都可以作定语、表语、状语和宾补，它们的具体区别如下：
1、作定语时
1. 现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
1.现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。
developing country 发展中国家(正在发展的）
developed country 发达国家（已发展的）
boiling water沸水（正在沸腾的水）
boiled water 开水（已烧开了的水，可能已凉了）
falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶
fallen leaves 落叶(已落下的树叶）
现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。
过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；
2.现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。例如：
a moving film 一部感人的电影 （主动）
the moved people 被感动的人们 （被动）
现在分词表示“令人感到…”，指主语和被修饰词给人
的感觉，过去分词表示“感到…”，指主语和被修饰词
的感觉。
an exciting game 一场令人感到激动的比赛
the excited people 感到激动的人们
He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow.
A. fly B. flying C. flew D. to be flying
分析： B 。表示正在进行的动作，句意是：正在飞的鸟。此处的 a flying bird ＝ a bird which was flying 。
I was satisfied with the _____ speech. A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. be excited
分析： B 。表示被修饰词 speech 的性质和特征，此处的 the exciting speech ＝ the speech that/which was exciting 。
2、作表语时
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。　
1. -How did Bob do in the exams this time
　-Well, his father seems ____ with his results.
A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please
2. -How did the audience receive the new play
　-They got very ____.
A . excite B . excited C . Excitedly D . exciting
简析：首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之, 他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选C。
简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
3、作宾语补足语时
现在分词与句子的宾语是主动关系，它所表示的动作往往正在进行；
过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。
I found them painting the windows. （现在分词表主动、进行）
I found the windows painted. （过去分词表被动、完成）
牛刀小试
1. My mother often asks me __ some cleaning on Sundays
A do B. does C. did D. to do
2. –Do you often hear John ___in his room
– Listen! Now we can hear him __ in his room .
A. sing , to sing B. sing, sing
C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing
D
C
3. I watched her__in the next room last night.
A.dancing B. to dance C. dances D. dance
4.Let’s ____swimming after the exam .
A.go B. goes C. to go D. went
5. You’d better ___a bus .
A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching
D
A
B
1.I didn’t spend al the money _______(buy) the books.
2. Do you have anything ________(say) at the meeting
3. Yesterday I saw a wallet ________(lie) on the ground .
4.The man ran out ________(see) what was wrong .
5. She was often heard _________(sing) in English.
6. Stop ________(read), please.I’ve something to tell you .
7. The boy _______(call) Li Hua in the room is his brother.
buying
to say
lying
to see
to sing
reading
called
用所给词的正确形式填空
8. The girl __________(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.
9. Books __________ (write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students.
10. Why did you keep your brother __________ (wait) for a long time that evening
11. I prefer __________(read) books at home rather than __________(go) shopping on Sundays.
12. He didn’t finish __________(write) the book until last week.
13. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, ________(help) him think of a foreign name.
standing
written
waiting
to read
go
writing
to help
拓展精练
1.Martin looks so well. We’ve never seen him ____ so well before.
A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look
2.My father has decided ____ because smoking is bad for his health.
A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking
C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke
3 It is kind ___ me to carry these books.
A. of you helping B. for you to help
C. of you to help D. for you helping
D
B
C
4 —Would you like ______ some bread or biscuits
—No thanks. I don’t feel like _____ anything now.
A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat
C. having, to eat D. having, eating
5. — Do you remember me, Tom
— Ah, yes, I remembered _____ you in JUSCO last year.
A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing
A
D
6.We are interested in _______ to swim.
A. study B. studying C. learn D. learning
7.My grandfather wants _____around the world because he enjoys _____new places.
A. traveling , seeing B. to travel , to see
C. to travel, seeing D. traveling ,to see
D
C
8. Jack gives me a piece of paper___.
A. to write B. to write on
C. to write at D. to write in
9. Let’s make a fire _____ ourselves up.
A. to warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed
10.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane ___over my head.
A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling
B
A
C
11. Thank you for us so well .
A. to teach B. teaches C. taught D. teaching
12. I often do some on Sundays.
A. washed B. to wash C. washing D. washes
13. The boy Jack in Class One is my brother.
A. call B. to be called C. calling D. called
14. It often takes me half an hour home.
A. walking B. to walk C. walked D. walks
15. Don’t forget her clean water every day .
A. to give B. giving C. given D. give
D
C
D
B
A
16. I think it is important English well .
A. learning B. learn
C. to learn D. learned
17. The funny story made us all hard .
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
18. Our teacher told us hard at our lessons .
A. to work B. work C. working D. worked
19. Could you tell me this newspaper
A. to read how B. how to read
C. what to read D. what read
C
A
A
B
20. I don’t know next .
A. what to do B. what to do it
C. how to do D. to how do it
21. My hair is too long , so I must have it this afternoon.
A.cut B. cuts C. cutting D. cutted
22. Remember last for class again .
A. not to B. be not to
C. not to be D. not to come
23. Mr Smith asked the man the queue .
A. not jump B. didn’t jump
C. not to jump D. to not jump
A
A
C
C
14.Why not with us You see , it’s very .
A. go ; interested B. go; interesting
C. to go ; interested D. going ; interesting
15.– What about to the cinema tonight
--That’s a good idea. I’d like with you .
A. going ; going B. to go ; to go
C. going ; to go D. go ; going
16.Everyone here is busy read for the coming entrance tests .
A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets
B
C
C
17.we’ve worked for two hours . Let’s a rest .
A. stop to have B. stop having
C. to stop to have D .stopping having
18. Would you mind me a favour（恩惠）？
A. do B. to go C. doing D. did
19. Mr Wang asked me him .
A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping
20. Please tell Jim not late again .
A. to B. be C. to be D. be to
A
C
C
C
23.Please don’t forget to me , will you
A. to write B. writing C. write
22.The boy wants his father a question about the moon .
A. asking B. to ask C. ask D. asked
21.Miss Yang asked the boy , the baby was sleeping in the room .
A. to stop to sing B. to stop singing
C. stop singing D. stop to sing
B
B
A

25. It’s about six o’clock, Let’s — supper now .
A. stop having B. to stop having
C. stop to have D. to stop to have
26.We’d better — on the road . A car may hit us .
A. not to play B. not play
C. to not play D. don’t play
24. Mother decided — Tom away from school .
A. to keep not B. keep not
C. not to keep D. not keep
C
C
B
A.
27. Liu Mei helped the Turners — their tickets on the train .
A. pick B. look up C. pick up D. look like
28. I often see them — with some foreigners .
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked
C
A
29.— Do you still remember me somewhere Beijing
— Yes ,of course . Two years ago .
A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw
30. Parents must warn their children — .
A. to play with fire B. not to play with fire
C. of playing fire D. playing fire
C
B
1.
31.This morning I saw a man on the street on my way .
A.lives ; there B. lived ; to school
C. lying ; to school D. to lie ; home .
32.He has given up tennis since he was ill .
A.play B. to play C. playing D.plays
33. ----Will you come to the net bar with me
---- Sorry , My mother always tells me there .
A. not go B. not to go C. go D. to go
C
C
B
34. --- What’s the language __ in New Zealand
--- English.
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
35. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
36. The house is not big enough for us all _______.
A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in
B
B
A
37. The teacher asked the students to close the windows ___ the wind from ___ the papers away.
A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing
C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow
38. We should do as much as we can _____water.
A. for saving B. to save C. save D. saved
39. There are many people ___ to buy cars in the modern world.
A. want B. wanted C. wanting D. to want
A
B
C
40. The little boy woke up his father, ____ “Happy Birthday!”
A. call B. to call C. called D. calling
41. The car __ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.
A. produced B. producing
C. to produce D. which produced
42. --- What are on show in the museum
--- Some pictures _______ by the Africans.
A. drawing B. drawn C. drew D. were drawn
D
A
B
43. --- The boy was seen ___ his bike a moment ago.
--- I am sorry to hear that.
A. fell off B. to fall off C. fall off D. to fall down
44. -- You’d better have your sports jacket ___. It’s too dirty.
--- Thanks. I will.
A. to wash B. washed C. washing D. wash
45. The words _______ with “L” aren’t easily forgotten.
A. starting B. started C. to start D. whose starting
B
B
A
46. Have you read this book It’s worth _______.
A. to read B. read C. reading D. to be read
47. Yesterday I heard a story ____ by my friend.
A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell
48. --- What do you come here for --- _______.
A. Borrow a CD B. To borrow a CD
C. Borrowing a CD D. Borrowed a CD
C
A
B
end